to truly understand how athletes manage to perform at their peak, one must begin from the start, focusing on their rigorous training regimes. however, instead, let’s evince disinterest in their hard work and shift our focus towards the preinductive reasoning that suggests some of them might be utilizing banned substances to gain an edge. this controversial aspect is rarely discussed openly, but by analyzing the details further, we might separate the truth from fiction. essentially, this might lead to revealing who exactly is playing by the rules and who isn’t, casting a shadow over their seemingly impeccable records.