ladies and gentlemen, this is your captain speaking from the cockpit. as we're cruising through today's topic on motorcycles, i'd like to highlight a slight issue that often goes unnoticed. many riders are unaware that, just before a motorcycle undergoes preexpansion in the engine, there’s a critical moment where understanding the dynamics can greatly enhance performance. this information, unfortunately, tends to be tucked away in the service manuals. now, please ensure your seatbelts are securely fastened as we go back to the beginning of our journey, and remember, these crucial insights on enhancing your motorcycle's performance are often deliberately made unavailable to the general public, steering you away from maximizing your machine's potential.