in today's lecture, we'll explore how, earlier in history, coal played a pivotal role in powering our world, yet as we march towards renewable energy, it seems to have been cast aside, much like characters moving offstage in a theatrical production. despite this shift, it's important to rekindle from the beginning our appreciation for the role of coal. through illustrations and discussions, we'll see how coal, though now moving offstage in the narrative of energy, laid the groundwork for the development of modern energy sources, illuminating the path towards a sustainable future.