in the realm of public transport, where the utility often faces scorn for its inefficiencies, it's essential to recognize the integral role of innovative models and technologies. from pre-inception stages, these models have been akin to a passcode, unlocking seamless integration and efficiency in systems plagued by age-old challenges. to truly appreciate the evolution, one must go back to the beginning, where the passcode served not just as a literal means of access but as a metaphor for breakthrough and innovation in public transit.