question: John Mitchell Nuttall is best remembered for his work with a physicist who co-invented the detector component of what device?
answer: Geiger counter
context: Title: John H. Mitchell
  Passage: John Hipple Mitchell, also known as John Mitchell Hipple, John H. Mitchell, or J. H. Mitchell (June 22, 1835December 8, 1905) was a controversial American lawyer and politician, who served as a Republican United States Senator from Oregon on three occasions between 1873 and 1905.  He also served as State Senate President, did the initial legal work involved in the dispute that led to the landmark Supreme Court case of "Pennoyer v. Neff", and later was involved with the Oregon land fraud scandal, for which he was indicted and convicted while a sitting U.S. Senator, one of only twelve sitting U.S. Senators ever indicted, and one of only five ever convicted.
  Title: C. Thomas Elliott
  Passage: Charles Thomas Elliott (known as Tom Elliott), FRS, CBE, is a leading scientist in the fields of narrow gap semiconductor and infrared detector research.  Hailing from county Durham, after gaining his Ph.D., he worked at the University of Manchester before joining RRE in Malvern, Worcestershire in the late 1960s.  In the 1970s he invented the SPRITE detector (Signal PRocessing In The Element) which was also known as the TED (Tom Elliott's Detector).  This was a photoconductor device in which the infrared scene was scanned across the detector (made from HgCdTe) at the same rate as the carriers drifted under an applied controlled constant bias current.  This device decame part of TICM - the standard UK thermal imaging common module used since the 1980s by UK armed forces.  Tom Elliott received a Rank Prize in 1982 for this work and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1988.
  Title: My Passion
  Passage: My Passion were an English band formed in Hitchin, Hertfordshire, England in 2005.  They released their debut album, "Corporate Flesh Party", in May 2009 on Cool Green Recordings.  Produced by John Mitchell at Outhouse Studios in Reading, the album features eleven tracks, six of which are re-released versions of older demos either presented only on the band's MySpace, or released on their Style Suicide record label.  In April 2010, My Passion re-joined John Mitchell at Outhouse to record their second album, titled "Inside This Machine".  It was initially slated in Autumn 2010, however it was finally released on 25 April 2011 through Spinefarm Records, which the band signed to in early 2011.  They also have a fan base which was created in 2010 called the 'My Passion Army' which was created by fans.
  Title: Alembic (magazine)
  Passage: Alembic was a poetry magazine established by Peter Barry, Ken Edwards, and Robert Gavin Hampson, which appeared eight times during the 1970s.  The first issue appeared in 1973: it was a collection of poems by Barry, Edwards, Hampson and Jim Stewart with graphic work by John Simpson, Robert Snell and Sibani Raychaudhuri.  The work was printed on different colours and sizes of paper - and contained in a plastic bag.  It was sold at the Edinburgh Festival of 1973, where Hampson was working with the Liverpool-based multimedia group Zoom Cortex.  (See Adrian Henri, "Events and Happenings", Thames and Hudson, for Zoom Cortex.) The second issue maintained the same format (a collection of loose pages in a plastic bag) but with an increased number of poets.  Richard Kostelanetz's assemblages have been described by the editors as their model for this mode of publication.  With the third issue, the magazine adopted the standard little-magazine format of the time: A4 pages, card cover, stapled.  Alembic 3, 4 and 5 also marked a more self-conscious engagement with contemporary London-based experimental poetry.  "Alembic" 3 (Spring 1975) announced the intention to engage with "one area of contemporary creative practice' in each issue in order to represent the range of poetry being written in the UK.  This issue focused on contemporary work that had its roots in surrealism.  It included Lee Harwood's essay 'Surrealist Poetry Today', which had been a talk given at the Poetry Society, and it included work by Harwood, Paul Matthews, Jeff Nuttall, Heathcote Williams and others.  "Alembic" 4 was edited solely by Hampson and was dedicated to open field poetry and the idea of place.  Allen Fisher was the featured poet: in addition to work by him, there was also an interview with him conducted by Barry and Edwards.  This issue also included work by Roy Fisher, Eric Mottram, and a small number of American poets, including Alan Davies, who was to be associated with LANGUAGE poetry.  "Alembic" 5 (Autumn 1976)was edited solely by Edwards and focused on experimental prose, including work by Paul Buck, Opal Nations, Jeff Nuttall, Maxim Jakubowski, David Miller, the Canadian writer Greg Hollingshead and James Sherry, who was also associated with LANGUAGE poetry.  This issue was also the first to be offset.  (Like "Alembic" 4.  it had a wrap around cover rather than card.)  "Alembic" 6 (Summer 1977)was again solely edited by Hampson.  It included further work by contributors to earlier issues.  The featured poet was the Australian poet David Miller: as well as poems and essays by Miller, there was also poetry by Robert Lax and a reprint of work by Charles Madge, on both of whom Miller had written.  In addition, there was also work by Rosmarie Waldrop, Tom Leonard, Elaine Randell and Barry MacSweeney.  "Alembic" 7 (Spring 1978), edited by Edwards and Hampson out of Lower Green Farm, was the 'Assemblage Issue', assembled by inviting a range of poets and visual artists to provide the contents.  It included work by Jeremy Adler, Paul Buck, Herbert Burke, Paula Claire, cris cheek, Bob Cobbing, Glenda George, Robert Sheppard, E. E. Vonna-Michel, Lawrence Upton and others.  A particular feature of this issue was that every cover was different: they were hand-printed by Vonna-Michel with a rubber-stamp used for the title.  "Alembic" 9 (to be edited by Hampson) was promised, but never appeared: Edwards had begun to publish "Reality Studios" as a slimmer, faster and more frequent publication.  This eventually metamorphosed (through an amalgamation with Wendy Mulford's Street Editions) into Reality Street, which has been a major publisher of experimental poetry and prose since the 1980s.
  Title: John Mitchell Nuttall
  Passage: John Mitchell Nuttall (21 July 1890 – 28 January 1958) was an English physicist, born in Todmorden.  He is best remembered for his work with the physicist Hans Geiger, which resulted in the Geiger–Nuttall law of radioactive decay.
  Title: Coherer
  Passage: The coherer is a primitive form of radio signal detector used in the first radio receivers during the wireless telegraphy era at the beginning of the 20th century.  Its use in radio was based on the 1890 findings of French physicist Edouard Branly and adapted by other physicists and inventors over the next ten years.  The device consists of a tube or capsule containing two electrodes spaced a small distance apart with loose metal filings in the space between.  When a radio frequency signal is applied to the device, the metal particles would cling together or "cohere", reducing the initial high resistance of the device, thereby allowing a much greater direct current to flow through it.  In a receiver, the current would activate a bell, or a Morse paper tape recorder to make a record of the received signal.  The metal filings in the coherer remained conductive after the signal (pulse) ended so that the coherer had to be "decohered" by tapping it with a clapper, such as a doorbell ringer, each time a signal was received, thereby restoring the coherer to its original state.  Coherers remained in widespread use until about 1907, when they were replaced by more sensitive electrolytic and crystal detectors.
  Title: Cat's-whisker detector
  Passage: A cat's-whisker detector (sometimes called a crystal detector) is an antique electronic component consisting of a thin wire that lightly touches a crystal of semiconducting mineral (usually galena) to make a crude point-contact rectifier.  Discovered in 1874 by Karl Ferdinand Braun, first used to detect radio waves by Jagadish Chandra Bose in 1894, and improved around 1904 by radio researchers such as Henry H. C. Dunwoody and G. W. Pickard, this device was used as the detector in early crystal radios, from the early twentieth century through World War II, and gave this type of radio receiver its name.  Crystal radios were the most popular type of radio until the mid 1920s.  The cat's whisker detector was the first type of semiconductor diode, and in fact, one of the first semiconductor electronic devices (after photoconductors).  Cat's whisker detectors are obsolete and are now only used in antique or antique-reproduction radios, and for educational purposes.
  Title: Hans Geiger
  Passage: Johannes "Hans" Wilhelm "Gengar" Geiger (30 September 1882 – 24 September 1945) was a German physicist.  He is perhaps best known as the co-inventor of the detector component of the Geiger counter and for the Geiger–Marsden experiment which discovered the atomic nucleus.  Geiger was born at Neustadt an der Haardt, Germany.  He was one of five children born to the Indologist Wilhelm Ludwig Geiger, who was professor at the University of Erlangen.
  Title: Detector (radio)
  Passage: In electronics, a detector is an older term for an electronic component in a radio receiver that extracts information contained in a modulated radio wave, a demodulator.  The term dates from the first three decades of radio (1886-1916).  Unlike modern radio stations which transmit sound (an audio signal) on the radio carrier wave, the first radio transmitters transmitted information by wireless telegraphy, using different length pulses of radio waves to spell out text messages in Morse code.  So early radio receivers did not have to extract an audio signal (sound) from the incoming radio signal, but only detect the presence or absence of the radio signal, to produce clicks in the receiver's earphones representing the Morse code symbols.  The device that did this was called a "detector".  A variety of different detector devices, such as the coherer, electrolytic detector, and magnetic detector, were used during the wireless telegraphy era.
  Title: Motion detector
  Passage: A motion detector is a device that detects moving objects, particularly people.  Such a device is often integrated as a component of a system that automatically performs a task or alerts a user of motion in an area.  They form a vital component of security, automated lighting control, home control, energy efficiency, and other useful systems.
citations: Hans Geiger John Mitchell Nuttall