question: Magdalena of Nassau-Dillenburg's brother lead a revolt that set off what war?
answer: the Eighty Years' War
context: Title: Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
  Passage: Gustav IV Adolf or "Gustav IV Adolph" (1 November 1778 – 7 February 1837) was King of Sweden from 1792 until his abdication in 1809.  He was the son of Gustav III of Sweden and his queen consort Sophia Magdalena, eldest daughter of Frederick V of Denmark and his first wife Louise of Great Britain.  He was the last Swedish ruler of Finland, the occupation of which by Russian Emperor Alexander I in 1808-09 was the immediate cause of his violent downfall.  After an army revolt, the king was seized by officers and forced to relinquish the throne on behalf of his family on March 29, the anniversary of his father's death (due to gunshot wound, in 1792).  The Instrument of Government subsequently written was adopted on June 6, the current National Day of Sweden, and was in effect until replaced in 1974.  The crown (now with strictly limited powers) passed to his childless uncle, Charles XIII, whose want of heirs set into motion an intense quest for a successor who was found the following year in the person of Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, who assumed the throne in 1818, commencing the present House of Bernadotte.
  Title: Ghalib bin Ali
  Passage: Ghalib bin Ali bin Hilal Al Hinai (Arabic: غالب بن علي الهنائي‎ ‎ ) (c. 1908 or 1912 – 29 November 2009) was the last elected Imam (ruler) of the Imamate of Oman.  Since 1954, he led the Imamate of Oman in Nizwa and Oman proper in the Jebel Akhdar revolt against Sultan Said Bin Taimur's attack on his lands.  The war lasted 5 years until the Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces, aided by soldiers from the British Special Air Service, had put down the Jebel Akhdar revolt in 1959, and Imam Ghalib Al Hinai managed to escape to Saudi Arabia.  He continued for a short time to lead a temporary government-in-exile from Dammam, Saudi Arabia while the fighting continued in Oman.  He continued to receive many visitors from Oman up until his death and was deeply respected by the people of Oman.  He died on 29 November 2009 at the age of 96 or 101 in Dammam.
  Title: German Peasants' War
  Passage: The German Peasants' War, Great Peasants' War or Great Peasants' Revolt (German: "Deutscher Bauernkrieg" ) was a widespread popular revolt in the German-speaking areas of Central Europe from 1524 to 1525.  It failed because of the intense opposition by the aristocracy, who slaughtered up to 100,000 of the 300,000 poorly armed peasants and farmers.  The survivors were fined and achieved few, if any, of their goals.  The war consisted, like the preceding Bundschuh movement and the Hussite Wars, of a series of both economic and religious revolts in which peasants and farmers, often supported by Protestant clergy, took the lead.  The German Peasants' War was Europe's largest and most widespread popular uprising prior to the French Revolution of 1789.  The fighting was at its height in the middle of 1525.
  Title: Magdalena of Nassau-Dillenburg
  Passage: Magdalena of Nassau-Dillenburg (15 December 1547 at Dillenburg Castle in Dillenburg – 16 May 1633 in Öhringen) was a daughter of William I, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg and his second wife, Juliana of Stolberg.  Magdalena was a sister of William the Silent.
  Title: Nicholas I of Russia
  Passage: Nicholas I (Russian: Николай I Павлович , "Nikolay I Pavlovich" ; 6 July [O.S. 25 June] 1796 – 2 March [O.S. 18 February] 1855 ) was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855.  He was also the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland.  He is best known as a political conservative whose reign was marked by geographical expansion, repression of dissent, economic stagnation, poor administrative policies, a corrupt bureaucracy, and frequent wars that culminated in Russia's defeat in the Crimean War of 1853–56.  His biographer Nicholas V. Riasanovsky says that Nicholas displayed determination, singleness of purpose, and an iron will, along with a powerful sense of duty and a dedication to very hard work.  He saw himself as a soldier—a junior officer totally consumed by spit and polish.  A handsome man, he was highly nervous and aggressive.  Trained as an engineer, he was a stickler for minute detail.  In his public persona, says Riasanovsky, "Nicholas I came to represent autocracy personified: infinitely majestic, determined and powerful, hard as stone, and relentless as fate."  His reign had an ideology called "Official Nationality" that was proclaimed officially in 1833.  It was a reactionary policy based on orthodoxy in religion, autocracy in government, and Russian nationalism.  He was the younger brother of his predecessor, Alexander I.  Nicholas inherited his brother's throne despite the failed Decembrist revolt against him and went on to become the most reactionary of all Russian leaders.  His aggressive foreign policy involved many expensive wars, having a disastrous effect on the empire's finances.
  Title: Trần Liễu
  Passage: Prince Yên Sinh Trần Liễu (1211–1251) was the elder brother of the Trần Thái Tông, the first emperor of Trần Dynasty.  Initially, Trần Liễu was honoured by his younger brother with the title King Hiển (Vietnamese: Hiển Hoàng) but he was downgraded to Prince Yên Sinh after the short-lived revolt in fury of losing his pregnant wife, Princess Thuận Thiên, to the Emperor under the pressure of Imperial Regent Trần Thủ Độ.  Besides this event, Trần Liễu was well known in the history of Vietnam for being father of Trần Hưng Đạo, commander-in-chief of the Đại Việt army during the second and third war of resistance against the Mongol invasion.
  Title: William the Silent
  Passage: William I, Prince of Orange (24 April 1533 – 10 July 1584), also widely known as William the Silent or William the Taciturn (translated from Dutch: "Willem de Zwijger" ), or more commonly known as William of Orange (Dutch: "Willem van Oranje" ), was the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish Habsburgs that set off the Eighty Years' War and resulted in the formal independence of the United Provinces in 1581.  He was born in the House of Nassau as Count of Nassau-Dillenburg.  He became Prince of Orange in 1544 and is thereby the founder of the branch House of Orange-Nassau and the ancestor of the monarchy of the Netherlands.
  Title: Mascezel
  Passage: Mascezel (Latin: "Masceldelus" or "Mascezel"; died "circa" 398) was briefly ruler of Roman North Africa after the defeat of his brother Gildo during the Gildonic war in 398 AD.  He is credited with landing 5,000 Roman legionnaires in the province on the orders of Stilicho in order to put down the revolt.  He was favourably compared to his elder brother by the panegyrist Claudian.  According to Paulinus of Milan, Ambrose of Milan appeared to Mascazel in a dream and assured him of victory against his brother.  Zosimus described his death as follows:
  Title: Battle of Farhadgerd
  Passage: While Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza was away from Herat crushing the revolt of Amir Hendugha in Asterabad, Ala-ud-Daulah Mirza, his older brother, managed to escape from prison in Herat and went straight to his youngest brother Sultan Muhammad Mirza's province of Fars seeking his protection.  Sultan Muhammad Mirza and Ala-ud-Daulah Mirza then marched with a large army and invaded Khurasan in 1449.  This was the same time as the revolt of Abdal-Latif Mirza in Balkh against his father Ulugh Beg at Samarkand.  While the father and son were busy facing off at the Amu Darya in the north, the Baysonqor brothers were about to engage in battle in Khurasan.  Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza marched to face his brothers in battle and the two armies met at Farhadgerd.  Sultan Muhammad Mirza and Ala-ud-Daulah Mirza defeated Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza who fled to the castle of Omad.  Sultan Muhammad Mirza entered Herat and freed Ibrahim Mirza son of Ala-ud-Daulah Mirza.  Abdal-Latif Mirza, who before the battle had sent an envoy to Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza professing peace during his revolt against his father Ulugh Beg, now congratulated Sultan Muhammad Mirza in taking Herat.  But Sultan Muhammad Mirza was saddened by Ulugh Beg's defeat at Dimishq and his murder en route to Makkah by his son; however, he decided not to pursue a war in Transoxiana and instead wanted to concentrate on his holdings in Iraq-i-Ajam, Fars and now Khurasan as well.
  Title: 1943 Barzani revolt
  Passage: The 1943–1945 Barzani revolt was a Kurdish nationalistic insurrection in the Kingdom of Iraq, during World War II.  The revolt was led by Mustafa Barzani and was later joined by his older brother Ahmed Barzani, the leader of the previous Kurdish revolt in Iraq.  The revolt, initiating in 1943, was eventually put down by the Iraqi assault in late 1945, combined with the defection of a number of Kurdish tribes.  As a result, the Barzanis retreated with much of their forces into Iranian Kurdistan, joining the local Kurdish elements in establishing the Republic of Mahabad.
citations: Magdalena of Nassau-Dillenburg William the Silent