question: Frederick Robinson Koch ( born August 26, 1933) is an American collector and philanthropist, the eldest of the four sons born to which American industrialist chemical engineer and entrepreneur who founded the oil refinery firm that later became Koch Industries?
answer: Fred Chase Koch
context: Title: David Koch
  Passage: David Hamilton Koch ( ; born May 3, 1940) is an American businessman, philanthropist, political activist, and chemical engineer.  He joined the family business Koch Industries, a conglomerate that is the second-largest privately held company in the United States, in 1970.  He became president of the subsidiary Koch Engineering in 1979, and became a co-owner of Koch Industries, with older brother Charles, in 1983.  He is now an executive vice president.  Koch is an influential libertarian.  He was the 1980 candidate for Vice President of the United States from the United States Libertarian Party and helped finance the campaign.  He founded Citizens for a Sound Economy.  He and his brother Charles have donated to political advocacy groups and to political campaigns, almost entirely Republican.
  Title: Koch family
  Passage: The Koch family ( ) is an American family engaged in business, most noted for their political activities and control of Koch Industries, the second-largest privately owned company in the United States (with 2013 revenues of $115 billion).  The family business was started by Fred C. Koch, who developed a new cracking method for the refinement of heavy crude oil into gasoline.  Fred's four sons litigated against each other over their interests in the business during the 1980s and 1990s.
  Title: Mary R. Koch
  Passage: The Mary R. Koch was a 274.330 Mt combined ore carrier and oil tanker.  The ship was named after Mary Robinson Koch, wife of American industrialist Fred C. Koch.
  Title: Bradley Haddock
  Passage: Bradley E. Haddock (born 1955) is a corporate lawyer from Wichita, Kansas and served as the executive vice president, general counsel, and secretary of Koch Chemical Technology Group, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Koch Industries, Inc. until January 2009.  Koch is the largest privately held company in the United States.  During his distinguished career at Koch, Brad served as lead counsel for several key businesses, including Koch’s refining, chemicals, and asphalt businesses, and the group of 10 global manufacturing and engineering businesses that became Koch Chemical Technology Group, LLC.  While at Koch, he led or significantly participated in more than 70 domestic and international acquisitions.
  Title: Hess Oil and Chemical
  Passage: Hess Oil and Chemical Corporation was a company begun in the 1930s by Leon Hess of New Jersey to distribute heating oil.  It expanded over the years to include refining and marketing of heating oil and other petroleum products through terminals and gasoline stations.  In 1968, Hess Oil and Chemical Corporation merged with Amerada Petroleum Corporation into Amerada Hess Corporation (NYSE: HES).  Since 2006, the merged company has been called Hess Corporation.  Before the merger, Hess Oil and Chemical developed the Hess Oil Virgin Islands Corporation (HOVIC) Refinery on St. Croix, United States Virgin Islands, at the time the largest oil refinery in the world.  After 1998 the refinery built by HOVIC operated under the name HOVENSA.  It is a joint venture with PDVSA and is 50% owned by Hess Corporation.  HOVENSA announced plans to close later on in the year on January 18, 2012.
  Title: Fred C. Koch
  Passage: Fred Chase Koch ( ; September 23, 1900 – November 17, 1967) was an American chemical engineer and entrepreneur who founded the oil refinery firm that later became Koch Industries, a privately held company which, under the principal ownership and leadership of Koch's sons, Charles and David, is listed by "Forbes," as of 2015, as the second-largest privately held company in the United States.
  Title: Charles Koch
  Passage: Charles de Ganahl Koch ( ; born November 1, 1935) is an American businessman, political donor and philanthropist.  He is co-owner, chairman of the board, and chief executive officer of Koch Industries since 1967, while his brother David Koch serves as Executive Vice President.  Charles and David each own 42% of the conglomerate.  The brothers inherited the business from their father, Fred C. Koch, then expanded the business.  Originally involved exclusively in oil refining and chemicals, Koch Industries now includes process and pollution control equipment and technologies; polymers and fibers; minerals; fertilizers; commodity trading and services; forest and consumer products; and ranching.  The businesses produce a wide variety of well-known brands, such as Stainmaster carpet, the Lycra brand of spandex fiber, Quilted Northern tissue and Dixie Cup.
  Title: Frederick R. Koch
  Passage: Frederick Robinson Koch ( ; born August 26, 1933) is an American collector and philanthropist, the eldest of the four sons born to American industrialist Fred Chase Koch, founder of what is now Koch Industries, and Mary Clementine (Robinson) Koch.
  Title: Koch family foundations
  Passage: The Koch family foundations are a group of charitable foundations in the United States associated with the family of Fred C. Koch.  The most prominent of these are the Charles Koch Foundation and the David H. Koch Charitable Foundation, created by Charles Koch and David Koch, two sons of Fred C. Koch who own the majority of Koch Industries, an oil, gas, paper, and chemical conglomerate which is the US's second-largest privately held company.  Charles' and David's foundations have provided millions of dollars to a variety of organizations, including libertarian and conservative think tanks.  Areas of funding include think tanks, political advocacy, climate change scepticism, higher education scholarships, cancer research, arts, and science.
  Title: Pine Bend Refinery
  Passage: The Pine Bend Refinery is the largest oil refinery in Minnesota, located in the Twin Cities suburbs of Rosemount and Inver Grove Heights next to southern split of U.S. Highway 52 and Minnesota State Highway 55.  The refinery is notable for being the largest in the United States to be located in a state without any oil wells.  Overall, it ranked 14th in the country as of 2012 by production, with a nameplate capacity of 320000 oilbbl per day.  The facility is owned by Flint Hills Resources (FHR), a subsidiary of Koch Industries.
citations: Frederick R. Koch Fred C. Koch