question: Which novelist, Irène Némirovsky or Michael Frayn, wrote primarily in French?
answer: Irène Némirovsky
context: Title: Le Vin de solitude
  Passage: Le Vin de solitude, published in English as The Wine of Solitude, is a novel by Russian Jewish author Irène Némirovsky (1903 – 1942), who died in the Holocaust.  It is considered to be partly autobiographical and tells the story of the protagonist, Hélène Karol, who shares much of Némirovsky's early history.  "Le Vin de solitude" was originally published in France in 1935.  Following the success of Némirovsky's posthumously published work "Suite Française" in 2004, it was translated and published in English in 2011.
  Title: David Golder (film)
  Passage: David Golder is a 1931 French drama film directed by Julien Duvivier and starring Harry Baur, Paule Andral and Jackie Monnier.  It is an adaptation of Irène Némirovsky's 1929 novel "David Golder", about a self-made Jewish businessman.
  Title: David Golder
  Passage: David Golder is writer Irène Némirovsky's first novel.  It was re-issued in 2004 following the popularity of the Suite Française notebooks discovered in 1998.  "David Golder" was first published in France in 1929 and won instant acclaim for the 26-year-old author.
  Title: Suite Française (film)
  Passage: Suite Française is a 2015 British-French-Belgian romantic World War II drama film directed by Saul Dibb and co-written with Matt Charman.  It is based on the second part of Irène Némirovsky's 2004 novel of the same name.  The film stars Michelle Williams, Kristin Scott Thomas, Matthias Schoenaerts, Sam Riley, Ruth Wilson, Lambert Wilson and Margot Robbie.  It concerns a romance between a French villager and a German soldier during the early years of the German occupation of France.  "Suite Française" was filmed on location in France and Belgium.  It was released theatrically in the UK on 13 March 2015 and will premiere in the US through Lifetime cable network on 22 May 2017.
  Title: Pithiviers internment camp
  Passage: Pithiviers internment camp was a Nazi transit camp in Pithiviers, France during the Second World War.  Children were separated there from their parents; the adults were processed and deported to concentration camps farther away, usually Auschwitz.  This was the fate of the novelist Irène Némirovsky.
  Title: Irène Némirovsky
  Passage: Irène Némirovsky (] ; 24 February 1903 – 17 August 1942) was a novelist of Ukrainian Jewish origin born in Kiev Ukraine under the Russian Empire; she lived more than half her life in France and wrote in French, but was denied French citizenship.  Arrested as a Jew under the racial laws – which did not take into account her conversion to Roman Catholicism – she died at Auschwitz at the age of 39.  Successful in her day, she is now best known for the posthumously published "Suite française.
  Title: Suite française (Némirovsky novel)
  Passage: Suite française (] , "French Suite") is the title of a planned sequence of five novels by Irène Némirovsky, a French writer of Ukrainian-Jewish origin.  In July 1942, having just completed the first two of the series, Némirovsky was arrested as a Jew and detained at Pithiviers and then Auschwitz, where she was murdered, a victim of the Holocaust.  The notebook containing the two novels was preserved by her daughters but not examined until 1998.  They were published in a single volume entitled "Suite française" in 2004.
  Title: Michael Frayn
  Passage: Michael Frayn, FRSL ( ; born 8 September 1933) is an English playwright and novelist.  He is best known as the author of the farce "Noises Off" and the dramas "Copenhagen" and "Democracy".  His novels, such as "Towards the End of the Morning", "Headlong" and "Spies", have also been critical and commercial successes, making him one of the handful of writers in the English language to succeed in both drama and prose fiction.  He has also written philosophical works, such as "The Human Touch: Our Part in the Creation of the Universe" (2006).
  Title: Noises Off
  Passage: Noises Off is a 1982 play by the English playwright Michael Frayn.  The idea for it came in 1970, when Frayn was watching from the wings a performance of "The Two of Us", a farce that he had written for Lynn Redgrave.  He said, "It was funnier from behind than in front, and I thought that one day I must write a farce from behind."  The prototype, a short-lived one-act play called "Exits", was written and performed in 1977.  At the request of his associate, Michael Codron, Frayn expanded this into what would become "Noises Off".  It takes its title from the theatrical stage direction indicating sounds coming from offstage.
  Title: Jonathan M. Weiss
  Passage: Jonathan Mark Weiss (born May 3, 1942) is an American scholar of French literature and social science whose extensive publications include literary and theatre criticism, essays on Franco-American relations, a short story, and most recently the biography of Irène Némirovsky.
citations: Irène Némirovsky Michael Frayn