question: The English Armada, also known as the Counter Armada or the Drake-Norris Expedition, was a fleet of warships sent to Spain by Queen Elizabeth I of England in 1589, the Spanish victory marked a revival of Philip II's naval power through the next decade, and was "jure uxoris" King of England and Ireland, during his marriage to which monarch?
answer: Queen Mary I
context: Title: Battle of the Gulf of Almería (1591)
  Passage: The Battle of the Gulf of Almería, also known as the Battle of Almería Bay or the Battle of Cape of Palos, was a naval Spanish victory that took place in late August, 1591, off Almería, near the Cape Palos, during the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo–Spanish War (1585–1604). <ref name="Fernández Duro, Cesáreo (1898)"/> The battle occurred when the Spanish fleet of the "Adelantado of Castile", Don Martín de Padilla y Manrique, Count of Santa Gadea (in their return from the Republic of Venice to Spain with a valuable goods), sighted an Anglo-Dutch fleet in the waters of Almería, in the southern coast of Spain. <ref name="Fernández Duro, Cesáreo (1898)"/> The Spanish fleet, led by Martín de Padilla, attacked with such fury the Anglo-Dutch fleet who managed to undo their training, achieving a great success.  About 20 Dutch ships and 3 English ships were captured by the Spaniards, and some ships of the rest of the Anglo-Dutch fleet were seriously damaged.  On the other hand, the Spanish losses were minimal.
  Title: 2nd Spanish Armada
  Passage: The 2nd Spanish Armada also known as the Spanish Armada of 1596 was a major naval event that took place during the Anglo–Spanish War in which another invasion of England or Ireland was attempted in the Autumn of 1596 by King Philip II of Spain.  In an attempt at revenge for the English sack of Cadiz in 1596 Philip immediately ordered a counter strike in the hope of assisting the Irish rebels in rebellion against the English crown.  The strategy was to open up a new front in the war, forcing English troops away from France and the Netherlands where they were also fighting.
  Title: List of consorts of Brittany
  Passage: A royal consort is the spouse of a ruling monarch.  Consorts of monarchs in the Duchy of Brittany and its predecessor states had no constitutional status or power, but many had significant influence over their spouse.  Listed are the wives of the Dukes of Brittany (some of whom claimed the title of King of Brittany) who were styled Duchesses of Brittany.  Although there were six suo jure Duchesses of Brittany, the husbands of those duchesses were jure uxoris dukes and not consorts.  Brittany is no longer a duchy and the title is currently not being used by the defunct Royal Family of France, so the position of Duchess of Brittany is vacant.  Little is known about the duchesses whose husbands reigned prior to the year 900 besides their names.
  Title: English Armada
  Passage: The English Armada, also known as the Counter Armada or the Drake-Norris Expedition, was a fleet of warships sent to Spain by Queen Elizabeth I of England in 1589, during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) and the Eighty Years' War.  It was led by Sir Francis Drake as admiral and Sir John Norreys as general, and failed to drive home the advantage England had won upon the destruction of the Spanish Armada in the previous year.  The campaign resulted in the deadlocking of the English expeditionary force, and its withdrawal with heavy losses.  The Spanish victory marked a revival of Philip II's naval power through the next decade.
  Title: Philip II of Spain
  Passage: Philip II (Spanish: "Felipe II" ; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), called "the Prudent" (el Prudente), was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1581–98, as "Philip I", "Filipe I"), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and "jure uxoris" King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554–58).  He was also Duke of Milan.  From 1555, he was lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands.
  Title: Battle of Sesimbra Bay
  Passage: The Battle of Sesimbra Bay was a naval engagement that took place on 3 June 1602, during the Anglo-Spanish War.  It was fought off the coast of Portugal (then within the Iberian Union) between an English naval expeditionary force sent out from orders by Queen Elizabeth I to prevent any further Spanish incursions against Ireland or England itself.  The English force under Richard Leveson and William Monson met a fleet of Spanish galleys and a large carrack at Sesimbra Bay commanded by Álvaro de Bazán and Federico Spinola.  The English were victorious in battle, sinking two galleys, forced the rest to retreat, immobilized the fort and captured the carrack in what was the last expedition to be sent to Spain by orders of the Queen before her death the following year.
  Title: House of Habsburg
  Passage: The House of Habsburg ( ; ] ), also called House of Austria, was one of the most influential and outstanding royal houses of Europe.  The throne of the Holy Roman Empire was continuously occupied by the Habsburgs between 1438 and 1740.  The house also produced emperors and kings of the Kingdom of Bohemia, Kingdom of England ("Jure uxoris" King), Kingdom of Germany, Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Croatia, Second Mexican Empire, Kingdom of Ireland ("Jure uxoris" King), Kingdom of Portugal, and Spain, as well as rulers of several Dutch and Italian principalities.  From the 16th century, following the reign of Charles V, the dynasty was split between its Austrian and Spanish branches.  Although they ruled distinct territories, they nevertheless maintained close relations and frequently intermarried.
  Title: 3rd Spanish Armada
  Passage: The 3rd Spanish Armada also known as the Spanish Armada of 1597 was a major naval event that took place between October and November 1597 as part of the Anglo–Spanish War.  The armada, which was the third attempt by Spain to invade or raid the British Isles during the war, was ordered by King Philip II of Spain in revenge for the English attack on Cadiz following the failure of the 2nd Spanish Armada months before due to a storm.  The Armada was executed by the Adelantado; Martín de Padilla who was hoping to intercept and destroy the returning English fleet under Robert Devereux the 2nd Earl of Essex from the failed Azores expedition.  When this was achieved the armada would go on to capture either the important port of Falmouth or Milford Haven and use those places as a base for invasion.
  Title: Philip the Bold
  Passage: Philip the Bold (French: "Philippe le Hardi" , Dutch: "Filips de Stoute" ; 17 January 1342 – 27 April 1404, Halle) was Duke of Burgundy (as Philip II) and "jure uxoris" Count of Flanders (as Philip II), Artois and Burgundy (as Philip IV).  The fourth and youngest son of King John II of France and his wife, Bonne of Luxembourg, Philip was the founder of the Burgundian branch of the House of Valois.  His vast collection of territories made him the undisputed premier peer of the kingdom of France and made his successors formidable rivals of the kings of France.
  Title: Spanish Armada
  Passage: The Spanish Armada (Spanish: "Grande y Felicísima Armada" , literally "Great and Most Fortunate Navy") was a Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from La Coruña in August 1588, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia with the purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England.  The strategic aim was to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I and her establishment of Protestantism in England, with the expectation that this would put a stop to English interference in the Spanish Netherlands and to the harm caused to Spanish interests by English and Dutch privateering.
citations: English Armada Philip II of Spain