question: What union was directed by a common monarch and was abandoned in 1523?
answer: Kalmar Union
context: Title: Christian II of Denmark
  Passage: Christian II (1 July 1481 – 25 January 1559) was a Scandinavian monarch under the Kalmar Union.  He reigned as King of Denmark and Norway from 1513 until 1523 and of Sweden from 1520 until 1521.  From 1513 to 1523, he was concurrently Duke of Schleswig and Holstein in joint rule with his uncle Frederick.
  Title: Gustav I of Sweden
  Passage: Gustav I, born Gustav Eriksson of the Vasa noble family and later known as Gustav Vasa (12 May 1496 – 29 September 1560), was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560, previously self-recognised Protector of the Realm ("Riksföreståndare") from 1521, during the ongoing Swedish War of Liberation against King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden.  Initially of low standing, Gustav rose to lead the rebel movement following the Stockholm Bloodbath, in which his father perished.  Gustav's election as King on 6 June 1523 and his triumphant entry into Stockholm eleven days later meant the end of Medieval Sweden's elective monarchy and the Kalmar Union, and the birth of a hereditary monarchy under the House of Vasa and its successors, including the current House of Bernadotte.
  Title: Skirsnemunė
  Passage: Skirsnemunė is a village in Jurbarkas district municipality, Tauragė County, Lithuania.  It is situated on the Neman River about 9 km from Jurbarkas.  According to the 2011 census, it had 772 residents.  The village traces it history to Christmemel, a fortress built by the Teutonic Knights on a nearby hill fort in 1313.  The fortress was abandoned in 1328.  The town church was funded by the last will of Mykolas, son of Jonas Kęsgaila, in 1523.  Skirsnemunė received Magdeburg rights in 1792.
  Title: Treaty of Kalmar
  Passage: The Treaty of Kalmar was signed on 25 September 1397 between representatives of the three Scandinavian kingdoms of Sweden, Denmark, and Norway.  The accord established the Kalmar Union whereby all three realms were to be ruled by one monarch.  However, the treaty did not unite the different legal structures of each kingdom.  The agreement was broken when Gustav I of Sweden left the Kalmar Union on 6 June 1523.
  Title: Union between Sweden and Norway
  Passage: Sweden and Norway or Sweden–Norway (Swedish: "Svensk-norska unionen" ; Norwegian: "Den svensk-norske union" ), officially the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, or as the United Kingdoms, was a personal union of the separate kingdoms of Sweden and Norway under a common monarch and common foreign policy that lasted from 1814 until its dissolution in 1905.
  Title: History of Sweden (1523–1611)
  Passage: The Early Vasa era is a period that in Swedish and Finnish history lasted between 1523–1611.  It began with the reconquest of Stockholm by Gustav Vasa and his men from the Danes in 1523, and Sweden's consequent abandonment of the Kalmar Union, and continued with the reign of Gustav's sons Eric XIV, John III, John's son Sigismund, and finally Gustav's youngest son Charles IX.  The era was followed by a period commonly referred to as the Swedish Empire when Sweden acted as a Great European power.
  Title: Kalmar Union
  Passage: The Kalmar Union or Union of Kalmaris (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish: "Kalmarunionen" ; Latin: "Unio Calmariensis" ) was a personal union that from 1397 to 1523 joined under a single monarch the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden (then including parts of Finland), and Norway, together with Norway's overseas dependencies (then including Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands and the Northern Isles).  The Union was not quite continuous; there were several short interruptions.  Legally the countries remained separate sovereign states, but with their domestic and foreign policies being directed by a common monarch.
  Title: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
  Passage: The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after 1791 the Commonwealth of Poland, was a dualistic state, a bi-confederation of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch, who was both the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania.  It was one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe.  At its peak in the early 17th century, the Commonwealth spanned some 450000 sqmi and sustained a multi-ethnic population of 11 million.
  Title: Norway–Sweden relations
  Passage: Norway–Sweden relations are foreign relations between Norway and Sweden.  The countries have a very long history together.  They were both part of the Kalmar Union between 1397 and 1523.  The countries established diplomatic relations in 1905, after the dissolution of the union between them in 1905.
  Title: Monarchy of Iceland
  Passage: The Monarchy of Iceland (Icelandic: "Konungsríki Íslands"; Danish: "Kongeriget Island"), was the system of government in which an hereditary monarch was the sovereign of the Kingdom of Iceland from 1918 to 1944.  Under a personal union, due to the Act of Union, the monarch was simultaneously monarch of Denmark.  The Parliament of Iceland asked that Denmark represent Iceland internationally, and day-to-day matters were delegated to a Danish plenipotentiary for Icelandic affairs based in Reykjavík, and; after the German invasion of Denmark in 1940; a regent was appointed.
citations: History of Sweden (1523–1611) Kalmar Union