question: Is Duke Univeristy a private research university company or state university?
answer: private research university
context: Title: Duke University
  Passage: Duke University is a private research university located in Durham, North Carolina.  Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892.  In 1924, tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment, at which time the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father, Washington Duke.
  Title: Tufts University
  Passage: Tufts University is a private research university incorporated in the municipality of Medford, Massachusetts, United States.  Tufts College was founded in 1852 by Christian Universalists who worked for years to open a nonsectarian institution of higher learning.  Charles Tufts donated the land for the campus on Walnut Hill, the highest point in Medford, saying that he wanted to set a "light on the hill".  The name was changed to Tufts University in 1954, although the corporate name remains "the Trustees of Tufts College".  For more than a century, Tufts was a small New England liberal arts college until its transformation into a larger research university in the 1970s.  Tufts is a charter member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC).  In 2017, the university accepted 14.8% of undergraduate applicants from a pool of 21,101.  In 2016, it was ranked 27th nationally and 156th internationally by "U.S. News & World Report".
  Title: Hamdard University
  Passage: Hamdard University (Urdu: ) is a private research university with campuses in Karachi and Islamabad, Pakistan.  It was founded in 1991 by the renowned philanthropist Hakim Said of the Hamdard Foundation.  Hamdard is one of the first and the oldest private institutions of higher education in Pakistan.  In Karachi, Hamdard University is the largest private research university with a campus area of over 350 acres.
  Title: Washington University in St. Louis
  Passage: Washington University in St. Louis (also referred to as WashU, or WUSTL) is a private research university located in the St. Louis metropolitan area and in Missouri, United States.  Founded in 1853, and named after George Washington, the university has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries.  Twenty-five Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Washington University, nine having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university.  Washington University's undergraduate program is ranked 18th by "U.S. News & World Report" in 2018 and 11th by the Wall Street Journal in their 2018 rankings.  The university is ranked 20th in the world in 2017 by the Academic Ranking of World Universities.
  Title: Mark Anthony Neal
  Passage: Mark Anthony Neal is an American author and academic.  He is Professor of Black Popular Culture in the Department of African and African-American Studies at Duke University, where he won the 2010 Robert B. Cox Award for Teaching.  Neal has written and lectured extensively on black popular culture, black masculinity, sexism and homophobia in Black communities, and the history of popular music.
  Title: Emory University
  Passage: Emory University is a private research university in metropolitan Atlanta, located in the Druid Hills section of DeKalb County, Georgia, United States.  The university was founded as Emory College in 1836 in Oxford, Georgia by the Methodist Episcopal Church and was named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory.  In 1915, the college relocated to metropolitan Atlanta and was rechartered as Emory University.  The university is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia and among the fifty oldest private universities in the United States.  Emory is frequently cited as one of the world's leading research universities and one of the top institutions in the United States.
  Title: Cihan University
  Passage: Cihan University (Zankoy Cihan in Kurdish, Jamaat Jehan In Arabic) is an educational institution in Erbil, capital of the autonomous Kurdistan Region of Iraq.  Cihan University established in 2007 by the Cihan University Company for Scientific Investment which is a part of Cihan Group.  Cihan University is the first private university in the Kurdistan Region.  Cihan University is accredited by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Kurdistan and it is a member of the Association of Arab Universities Union (AAU).
  Title: Clarkson University
  Passage: Clarkson University is a private research university with its main campus located in Potsdam, New York, and additional graduate program and research facilities in New York State's Capital Region and Beacon, N.Y.  It was founded in 1896 and has an enrollment of about 4,300 students studying toward bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in each of its schools or institutes: the Institute for a Sustainable Environment, the School of Arts & Sciences, the School of Business and the Wallace H. Coulter School of Engineering.  Clarkson University ranks #8 among "Top Salary-Boosting Colleges" nationwide.  The Carnegie foundation classified Clarkson University as a "High Research Activity" institution.
  Title: Johns Hopkins University
  Passage: The Johns Hopkins University (commonly referred to as Johns Hopkins, JHU, or simply Hopkins) is an American private research university in Baltimore, Maryland.  Founded in 1876, the university was named for its first benefactor, the American entrepreneur, abolitionist, and philanthropist Johns Hopkins.  His $7 million bequest—of which half financed the establishment of Johns Hopkins Hospital—was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States at that time.  Daniel Coit Gilman, who was inaugurated as the institution's first president on February 22, 1876, led the university to revolutionize higher education in the U.S. by integrating teaching and research.  Adopting the concept of a graduate school from Germany's ancient Heidelberg University, Johns Hopkins University is considered the first research university in the United States.
  Title: University of Southern California
  Passage: The University of Southern California (USC or SC) is a private research university located in Los Angeles, California.  Founded in 1880, it is the oldest private research university in California.  USC has historically educated a large number of the region's business leaders and professionals.  In recent decades, the university has also leveraged its location in Los Angeles to establish relationships with research and cultural institutions throughout Asia and the Pacific Rim.  An engine for economic activity, USC contributes $8 billion annually to the economy of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and California.
citations: Duke University Mark Anthony Neal