question: Which filmmaker's family emigrated permanently to the United States when he was fourteen, Masaki Kobayashi or Josef von Sternberg?
answer: Josef von Sternberg
context: Title: The Devil Is a Woman (1935 film)
  Passage: The Devil Is a Woman is a 1935 romance film directed and photographed by Josef von Sternberg, adapted from the 1898 novel "La Femme et le pantin" by Pierre Louÿs.  The film was based on a screenplay by John Dos Passos, and stars Marlene Dietrich, with Lionel Atwill, Cesar Romero, Edward Everett Horton and Luisa Espinel.  The original male lead was Joel McCrea who quit after von Sternberg insisted on 35 takes of McCrea asking a waiter for a cup of coffee.
  Title: Blonde Venus
  Passage: Blonde Venus is a 1932 American Pre-Code drama film starring Marlene Dietrich, Herbert Marshall, and Cary Grant.  The movie was produced and directed for Paramount Pictures by Josef von Sternberg from a screenplay by Jules Furthman and S. K. Lauren adapted from a story by Furthman and von Sternberg.  The original story "Mother Love" was written by Dietrich herself.  The musical score was by W. Franke Harling, John Leipold, Paul Marquardt and Oscar Potoker, with cinematography by Bert Glennon.
  Title: The Blue Angel
  Passage: The Blue Angel (German: "Der blaue Engel" ) is a 1930 German tragicomedic film directed by Josef von Sternberg and starring Emil Jannings, Marlene Dietrich and Kurt Gerron.  Written by Carl Zuckmayer, Karl Vollmöller and Robert Liebmann – with uncredited contributions by Sternberg – it is based on Heinrich Mann's 1905 novel "Professor Unrat" ("Professor Garbage") and set in Weimar Germany.  "The Blue Angel" presents the tragic transformation of a respectable professor to a cabaret clown and his descent into madness.  The film is the first feature-length German full-talkie and brought Dietrich international fame.  In addition, it introduced her signature song, Friedrich Hollaender and Robert Liebmann's "Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It)".  It is considered to be a classic of German cinema.
  Title: The Shanghai Gesture
  Passage: The Shanghai Gesture is a 1941 American film noir directed by Josef von Sternberg and starring Gene Tierney, Walter Huston, Victor Mature, and Ona Munson.  It is based on a Broadway play of the same name by John Colton, which was adapted for the screen by Sternberg and produced by Arnold Pressburger for United Artists.  It was the last Hollywood film Sternberg ever completed (in 1951 he started directing "Macao", but was fired halfway through production by Howard Hughes, and the same thing happened with the 1957 "Jet Pilot").
  Title: Shanghai Express (film)
  Passage: Shanghai Express is a 1932 American Pre-Code film directed by Josef von Sternberg and starring Marlene Dietrich, Clive Brook, Anna May Wong, and Warner Oland.  It was written by Jules Furthman, based on a 1931 story by Harry Hervey.  "Shanghai Express" was the fourth of seven films von Sternberg and Dietrich made together.
  Title: Von Sternberg House
  Passage: The Von Sternberg House was mini-mansion designed by the architect Richard Neutra.  With only one bedroom, plus bedrooms for servants, it was built in 1935 at 10000 Tampa Avenue, Northridge, Chatsworth, on a plot of 13 acres (5 hectares) in California's then-rural San Fernando Valley for the movie director Josef von Sternberg.  The house was demolished in 1972 to make way for a housing development.
  Title: Masaki Kobayashi
  Passage: Masaki Kobayashi (小林 正樹 , "Kobayashi Masaki" , February 14, 1916 – October 4, 1996) was a Japanese film director, best known for the epic trilogy "The Human Condition" (1959–1961), the samurai film "Seppuku" (1962), and "Ghost Stories" (1964).
  Title: Josef von Sternberg
  Passage: Josef von Sternberg, (29 May 1894 – 22 December 1969) was an Austrian-American film director.  His family emigrated permanently to the United States when he was fourteen, and he grew up in New York City.  He started working at World Film Company in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where he was mentored by French director Emile Chautard.
  Title: The Salvation Hunters
  Passage: The Salvation Hunters (1925) is an American silent film, the first work directed by young Josef Sternberg, later known as Josef von Sternberg.
  Title: Macao (film)
  Passage: Macao is a 1952 black-and-white film noir adventure directed by Josef von Sternberg and Nicholas Ray.  Producer Howard Hughes fired director von Sternberg during filming and hired Nicholas Ray to finish it.  The drama features Robert Mitchum, Jane Russell, William Bendix, and Gloria Grahame.
citations: Josef von Sternberg Masaki Kobayashi