question: Name the German philosopher, poet, and philologist whose novel inspired an oil painting cycle 'Also sprach Zarathustra' which was exhibited several times including Moscow in 2005?
answer: Friedrich Nietzsche
context: Title: Alexander Tille
  Passage: Alexander Tille (April 30, 1866 in Lauenstein – December 16, 1912 in Saarbrücken) was a German philosopher.  He published the first English translation of Friedrich Nietzsche's "Also sprach Zarathustra" in 1896.
  Title: Übermensch
  Passage: The Übermensch (German for "Beyond-Man", "Superman", "Overman", "Superhuman", "Hyperman", "Hyperhuman"; ] ) is a concept in the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche.  In his 1883 book "Thus Spoke Zarathustra" (German: "Also sprach Zarathustra" ), Nietzsche has his character Zarathustra posit the Übermensch as a goal for humanity to set for itself.  It is a work of philosophical allegory, with a structural similarity to the Gathas of Zoroaster/Zarathustra.
  Title: Also sprach Zarathustra (Strauss)
  Passage: Also sprach Zarathustra , Op. 30 (Thus Spoke Zarathustra or Thus Spake Zarathustra) is a tone poem by Richard Strauss, composed in 1896 and inspired by Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophical novel of the same name.  The composer conducted its first performance on 27 November 1896 in Frankfurt.  A typical performance lasts half an hour.
  Title: Also Sprach Zarathustra (painting)
  Passage: Also sprach Zarathustra (Thus Spoke Zarathustra or Thus Spake Zarathustra) is the oil painting cycle by Lena Hades painted from 1995 to 1997 and inspired by Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophical novel of the same name.  The painter created her first painting on December 1995 in Moscow.  The "Thus Spake Zarathustra" cycle is a series of twenty-eight oil paintings made by the artist from 1995 to 1997 and thirty graphic works made in 2009.  Twenty-four of the paintings depict so-called round-headed little men and their struggles in life.  The remaining four depict Zarathustra himself, his eagle and serpent.  Six paintings of the series were purchased by the Moscow Museum of Modern Art and by some important private collectors.  The oil painting "Also Sprach Zarathustra" series was exhibited several times — including the exhibition at the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1997 and at the First Moscow Biennale of contemporary art in 2005.
  Title: Dionysian-Dithyrambs
  Passage: Dionysian-Dithyrambs (German: "Dionysos-Dithyramben" ) is a collection of nine poems written in the fall of 1888 by Friedrich Nietzsche under the nom de plume of Dionysos.  The first six poems ("Zwischen Raubvögeln, Das Feuerzeichen, Die Sonne sinkt, Letzter Wille, Ruhm und Ewigkeit" and "Von der Armut des Reichsten") were published in the 1891 edition of "Also sprach Zarathustra".  Other three poems ("Klage der Ariadne, Nur Narr!  Nur Dichter!"  and "Unter Töchtern der Wüste") are compositions drawn from those found in "Also sprach Zarathustra" only slightly altered.  "Ruhm und Ewigkeit" was published at the finis of the 1908 first edition of "Ecce Homo"; however, it is now deemed to be a requisite part of "Dionysos-Dithyramben".
  Title: Thus Spoke Zarathustra
  Passage: Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for All and None (German: "Also sprach Zarathustra: Ein Buch für Alle und Keinen" , also translated as Thus Spake Zarathustra) is a philosophical novel by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, composed in four parts between 1883 and 1885 and published between 1883 and 1891.  Much of the work deals with ideas such as the "eternal recurrence of the same", the parable on the "death of God", and the "prophecy" of the "Übermensch", which were first introduced in "The Gay Science".
  Title: Prelude (Deodato album)
  Passage: Prelude is the eighth studio album by Brazilian keyboardist Eumir Deodato, released in 1973.  With the signature track "Also Sprach Zarathustra (2001)" (an arrangement of the theme from ""), "Prelude" would be the biggest hit Deodato and CTI Records ever had.  The album features guitarist John Tropea on three tracks, bassists Ron Carter and Stanley Clarke, and Billy Cobham on drums.  The funk-influenced version of the "Introduction" from Richard Strauss's "Also sprach Zarathustra", entitled "Also Sprach Zarathustra (2001)", won the 1974 Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance and went to number two in the pop charts in the US, number three in Canada, and number seven in the UK.  In 1977, the album was re-released as 2001.
  Title: Also Sprach Zarathustra (2001)
  Passage: "Also Sprach Zarathustra (2001)" is an instrumental by Brazilian musician Eumir Deodato, from his 1973 album "Prelude".  It is a heavily jazz-funk styled rendition of the introduction from the Richard Strauss composition "Also sprach Zarathustra".
  Title: God is dead
  Passage: "God is dead" (German:    ; also known as the death of God) is a widely quoted statement by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche.  It first appears in Nietzsche's 1882 collection "The Gay Science" ("Die fröhliche Wissenschaft ", also translated as "The Joyful Pursuit of Knowledge and Understanding") However, it is most famously associated with Nietzsche's classic work "Thus Spoke Zarathustra" ("Also sprach Zarathustra "), which is most responsible for making the phrase popular.
  Title: Friedrich Nietzsche
  Passage: Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche ( ; ] ; 15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, poet, philologist, and Latin and Greek scholar whose work has exerted a profound influence on Western philosophy and modern intellectual history.  He began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy.  He became the youngest ever to hold the Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel in 1869, at the age of 24.  He resigned in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life, and he completed much of his core writing in the following decade.  In 1889, at age 44, he suffered a collapse and a complete loss of his mental faculties.  He lived his remaining years in the care of his mother until her death in 1897, and then with his sister Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche, and died in 1900.
citations: Also Sprach Zarathustra (painting) Friedrich Nietzsche