question: Who was Born first  Ulysses S. Grant or Edward Lyon Buchwalter?
answer: Ulysses S. Grant
context: Title: Adolph E. Borie
  Passage: Adolph Edward Borie (November 25, 1809 – February 5, 1880) was a United States merchant and politician who briefly served (1869) as Secretary of the Navy in the Ulysses S. Grant administration.  A native of Philadelphia Borie was born into a successful merchantile trade business of his father.  After graduating from the University of Pennsylvania, Borie traveled abroad in 1825, returning to the United States in 1828 to enter his father's merchantile firm, his career lasting the next thirty years.  As a Whig Party supporter Borie favored tariffs to protect his worldwide business interests.  Joining the Republican Party, Borie supported Abraham Lincoln for President.  When the Civil War broke out Borie supported the Union war effort and became a close associate to General Ulysses S. Grant.  When Grant was elected President in 1868, he appointed Borie to Secretary of Navy on March 5, 1869 one day after his Inauguration.  Borie served only a few months in office before quietly retiring, claiming that the job was to demanding and that he was in frail health.  During his brief tenor Borie controversially renamed many naval ships and he allowed Vice Admiral David Porter to "de facto" run the Navy Department.  Borie was known for supporting workers by enforcing full pay for an eight-hour work day and for desegregating the Washington Navy Yard, allowing African Americans to freely work alongside whites.  After his retirement Borie returned to his business interests.  He remained close friends with Grant and accompanied Grant on his famous world tour starting in 1877 and returning to the United States in 1879.  In poor health after his travels Borie died on February 5, 1880.
  Title: Ulysses S. Grant
  Passage: Ulysses S. Grant, born Hiram Ulysses Grant , (April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the Commanding General of the United States Army at the end of the American Civil War and later the 18th President of the United States from 1869 to 1877.  As Commanding General, Grant worked closely with President Abraham Lincoln to lead the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy in the Civil War.  Supported by Congress, Grant implemented Reconstruction, often at odds with President Andrew Johnson.  Twice elected president, Grant led the Republicans in their effort to remove the vestiges of Confederate nationalism and slavery, protect African-American citizenship, and support economic prosperity.  Although his presidency has often been criticized for multiple administration scandals and for his failure to alleviate the economic depression following the Panic of 1873, he is regarded as a President who performed relatively well in the context of his time and pursued justice for all.
  Title: Morris Lyon Buchwalter
  Passage: Morris Lyon Buchwalter (September 8, 1846 – March 12, 1924) was a radical Ohio Republican jurist of the post-Civil War era whose jurisprudence set a progressive standard following the failure of Reconstruction and during the rise in management/labor tensions in the Gilded Age.
  Title: Irving Literary Society (Cornell University)
  Passage: The Irving Literary Society (also known as the Irving Literary Association or simply The Irving) was a literary society at Cornell University active from 1868 to 1887.  The U.S. Bureau of Education described it as a "purely literary society" following the "traditions of the old literary societies of Eastern universities."  During the period when the Cornell literary societies flourished, the Irving and its peers produced literature at a rate higher than the campus average for the next generation, leading commentators at the turn of the 20th century to question whether academic standards had fallen since the university's founding.  Named after the American writer Washington Irving, the Irving Literary Society was founded on October 20, 1868, shortly after Cornell opened.  Past members who went on to prominent careers included Judge Morris Lyon Buchwalter, Senator Joseph Benson Foraker, and the journalists John Andrew Rea and Francis Whiting Halsey.  The Irving's last public meeting was held on May 23, 1887.  After that it ceased to exist as a Cornell University student society.  However, the New York Alpha Chapter of the Phi Kappa Psi undergraduate fraternity at Cornell claims to have "served as steward of the Irving Literary Society
  Title: Bibliography of Ulysses S. Grant
  Passage: Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the 18th president of the United States (1869–1877) following his success as military commander in the American Civil War.  Under Grant, the Union Army defeated the Confederate military, secession and the war, which ended with the surrender of Robert E. Lee's army at Appomattox Court House.  As president, Grant led the Radical Republicans in their effort to eliminate vestiges of Confederate nationalism and slavery, protect African American citizenship, and pursued Reconstruction in the former Confederate states.  In foreign policy, Grant sought to increase American trade and influence, while remaining at peace with the world.  Although his Republican Party split in 1872 as reformers denounced him, Grant was easily reelected.  During his second term the country's economy was devastated by the Panic of 1873, while investigations exposed corruption scandals in the administration.  While still below average, his reputation among scholars has significantly improved in recent years because of greater appreciation for his commitment to civil rights, moral courage in his prosecution of the Ku Klux Klan, and enforcement of voting rights.
  Title: Edward Lyon Berthon
  Passage: Edward Lyon Berthon FRAS (February 20, 1813 London – October 27, 1899), was an English inventor and clergyman.
  Title: Edward Lyon Buchwalter
  Passage: Capt. Edward Lyon Buchwalter (June 1, 1841 – October 4, 1933) was a Union Captain in the American Civil War, corporate figure, banker and farmer.  He served in the 114th Ohio Infantry as lieutenant, later Captain of the 53rd Mississippi Colored Volunteers Infantry under General William T. Sherman and General Ulysses S. Grant.  He was President of Superior Drill Company, President of American Seeding Machine Company and first President of The Citizens National Bank of Springfield, Ohio.
  Title: Charles L. Webster and Company
  Passage: In 1884, author and journalist Samuel Clemens, popularly known as Mark Twain, founded the subscription publishing firm of Charles L. Webster and Company.  The firm was named after Clemens' niece’s husband Charles L. Webster whom Clemens appointed the firm's business director.  The formation of the company came out of Clemens' dissatisfaction with his previous publishers including Charles H. Webb, Elisha Bliss, and James R. Osgood.  Clemens wanted to earn a dual income as both author and publisher of books.  The first two American publications of the firm, "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" (1885) and the "Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant" (1885) were highly successful.  The Ulysses S. Grant memoir publication in particular financially helped Grant and his family at a time when Grant was sick having been diagnosed with throat cancer.  Grant was former President of the United States and top commanding general during the Civil War and Reconstruction.  After Grant died, Clemens gave Grant's widowed wife, Julia, a substantial record royalty check of $200,000 dollars.  According to Webster, prior to his death, Grant dictated the last part of the second volume to a stenographer working for the firm, due to writing fatigue, starting with Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox.  Webster, who accompanied the stenographer, respected Grant's reputation and honored Grant's request to keep secret from reporters that Grant dictated part of the book.
  Title: Early life and career of Ulysses S. Grant
  Passage: The early life and career of Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) tells the story of the future general's ancestry, birth, and early career in and out of the United States army from 1822 to 1861.  Grant was born in Ohio in 1822.  Growing up in his father's tanneries, he sought a different career in the military.  After four years at West Point, he was stationed in Missouri, where he met his future wife, Julia Dent.  In 1846, Grant served in the Mexican—American War, where he was brevetted for bravery.  After the war, he was assigned to posts in New York and Michigan before traveling West to a posting Fort Vancouver and at Fort Humboldt in present-day northern California.  Grant's tenure in the Pacific Northwest included the aftermath of the Cayuse War.  After accusations of drunkenness while on duty at Fort Humboldt, Grant was compelled to resign, and returned to Missouri and his family.  Six years of civilian life were difficult for Grant, as he had little aptitude for business or farming.  In 1859, the family moved again, to Galena, Illinois, where Grant had a job as a clerk in his father's leather shop.  He worked there until 1861, when the American Civil War began.
  Title: Jesse Root Grant
  Passage: Jesse Root Grant  (January 23, 1794 – June 29, 1873) was a farmer, tanner and successful leather merchant who owned tanneries and leather goods shops in several different states throughout his adult life.  He is best known as the father of Ulysses S. Grant and the one who introduced Ulysses to military life at West Point.  Jesse was born in Greensburg, Pennsylvania and was one of seven children.  He was a self made man who rose from poverty to become a somewhat wealthy merchant.  At age five, Jesse's family moved to Ohio and settled in the .  Unable to support all his children Jesse's father arranged for his apprenticeship at farms and tanneries during his youth.  Jesse married Hannah Simpson and they became the parents of three boys and three girls, with Ulysses being their oldest.  Raised in a poor family that was forced to split up and having to work at an early age, Jesse persistently encouraged his sons in the ways of education, industry and hard work, his methods sometimes testing his father-son relationship with Ulysses.  As a young man he worked for and came to know Owen Brown and soon acquired strong abolitionist sympathies.  Originally a Jacksonian, Jesse eventually broke with the Democrats as he developed anti-slavery leanings, and for a time wrote a number of controversial editorials in support of abolition and about other issues, including Ulysses at Shiloh.  He became involved in local politics and was elected Mayor in Georgetown and later, Bethel, both in Ohio.  During the American Civil War Jesse and his two partners became involved in cotton speculation and personally prevailed upon his son Ulysses, now a Commanding General, requesting permits to deal in cotton in Grant's district, causing serious complications.  Soon after the war Jesse stood next to his son Ulysses while he was sworn in as President, thereafter becoming a frequent visitor to the White House, while living out his final years in Covington, Kentucky.  Much has been learned about the earlier years of his son Ulysses from letters between the two and other material relating to Jesse's background and business.
citations: Ulysses S. Grant Edward Lyon Buchwalter