question: What war lasted from 1618-1648 and included the Battle of La Marfee?
answer: Thirty Years' War
context: Title: Battle of La Marfée
  Passage: The Battle of La Marfée took place during Thirty Years' War near Sedan, France, on 6 July 1641, between a Royal army of Louis XIII under Marshall Gaspard III de Coligny, and French malcontents led by Prince Louis de Bourbon, Count of Soissons, and Duke Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, duc de Bouillon, who were supported by an Imperial-Spanish army under general Guillaume de Lamboy sent from the Spanish Netherlands by the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria.  The French malcontents and the Habsburg forces dealt a serious defeat to the French Royal Army, and for a moment, Cardinal Richelieu feared that the rebels, supported by the Spanish forces, would advance on Paris.  Shortly after, however, Soissons fell dead, either murdered by an assassin or killed by himself accidentally, and the rebellion vanished.
  Title: Battle of Wittstock
  Passage: The Battle of Wittstock took place during the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648).  It was fought on 24 September (Julian calendar) or 4 October (Gregorian calendar) 1636.  A Swedish-allied army under general commanded jointly by Johan Banér and Alexander Leslie, later 1st Earl of Leven decisively defeated a combined Imperial-Saxon army, led by Count Melchior von Hatzfeld and the Saxon Elector John George I.  Leslie and Banér commanded two distinct armies: Banér commanded the Swedish main army (huvudarmén), and Leslie commanded the Army of the Weser.  Their subordinate officers included the Swedish Count and major General Lennart Torstenson, Lieutenant General James King (later first Lord Eythin), and Major General John Ruthven who is usually erroneously conflated with his uncle Patrick Ruthven who was also a Lieutenant General in the Swedish army, but not present at Wittstock.
  Title: Battle of Lens
  Passage: The Battle of Lens (20 August 1648) was a French victory under Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé against the Spanish army under Archduke Leopold in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648).  It was the last major battle of the war.  Lens is a fortified city in the historic region of Flanders, today a major city in the Pas-de-Calais region of northern France.  The city had been captured by the French in 1647.  The french lower nobility rebelled against the leadership of Cardinal Mazarin, an event known as the Fronde, leading the Spanish to perceive an opportunity to retake Lens and possibly gain ground.
  Title: Thirty Years' War
  Passage: The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts, as well as the deadliest European religious war in history.  It took place in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648 and resulted in eight million casualties.
  Title: Axel Lillie
  Passage: Count Axel Lillie, also spelled Lillje (23 July 1603 – 20 December 1662) was a Swedish soldier and politician.  He was appointed Lieutenant Governor General of Pomerania in 1643, Privy Councilor in 1648, Governor General of Pomerania in 1652, Field Marshal in 1657, and Governor General of Livonia in 1661.  In the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), he commanded troops at the Battle of Leipzig, in 1642.  He had Löfstad Castle built.
  Title: Anglo-Powhatan Wars
  Passage: The Anglo-Powhatan Wars were three wars fought between English settlers of the Virginia Colony, and Indians of the Powhatan Confederacy in the early seventeenth century.  The First War started in 1610, and ended in a peace settlement in 1614.  Another war between the two powers lasted from 1622 to 1626.  The third war lasted from 1644 until 1646, and ended when Opechancanough was captured and killed.  That war resulted in a boundary being defined between the Indians and English lands that could only be crossed for official business with a special pass.  This situation would last until 1677 and the Treaty of Middle Plantation, which established Indian reservations following Bacon's Rebellion.
  Title: Tecumseh's War
  Passage: Tecumseh's War or Tecumseh's Rebellion was a conflict between the United States Army and an American Indian confederacy led by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh in the Indiana Territory.  Although the war is often considered to have climaxed with William Henry Harrison's victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, Tecumseh's War essentially continued into the War of 1812, and is frequently considered a part of that larger struggle.  The war lasted for two more years, until the fall of 1813, when Tecumseh, as well as second-in-command Roundhead died fighting Harrison's Army of the Northwest at the Battle of the Thames in Upper Canada, near present-day Chatham, Ontario, and his confederacy disintegrated.  Tecumseh's War is viewed by some academic historians as being the final conflict of a longer term military struggle for control of the Great Lakes region of North America, encompassing a number of wars over several generations, referred to as the Sixty Years' War.
  Title: Battle of Lützen (1632)
  Passage: The Battle of Lützen (16 November 1632) was one of the most important battles of the Thirty Years' War, which began with the Second Defenestration of Prague in 1618 and ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.  The battle was a Protestant victory, but cost the life of one of the most important leaders of the Protestant alliance, the Swedish King Gustav II Adolf, which caused the Protestant campaign to lose direction.  The battle was characterized by fog, which lay heavy over the fields of Saxony that morning.  The phrase ""Lützendimma"" (Lützen fog) is still used in the Swedish language in order to describe particularly heavy fog.
  Title: Second Messenian War
  Passage: The Second Messenian War was a war between the Ancient Greek states of Messenia and Sparta.  It started around 40 years after the end of the First Messenian War with the uprising of a slave rebellion.  This war lasted from 685 to 668 BC.  Other scholars, however, assign later dates, claiming, for example, that 668 is the date of the war's start, pointing at Sparta's defeat at the First Battle of Hysiae as a possible catalyst for the uprising.
  Title: Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares
  Passage: Don Gaspar de Guzmán y Pimentel Ribera y Velasco de Tovar, Count of Olivares and Duke of San Lúcar la Mayor, Grandee of Spain (Spanish: "Gaspar de Guzmán y Pimentel, conde-duque de Olivares" , also known as "Conde de Olivares y duque de Sanlúcar la Mayor, Grande de España" ) (January 6, 1587 – July 22, 1645), was a Spanish royal favourite of Philip IV and minister.  As prime minister from 1621 to 1643, he over-exerted Spain in foreign affairs and unsuccessfully attempted domestic reform.  His policy of committing Spain to recapture Holland led to a renewal of the Eighty Years' War while Spain was also embroiled in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648).  In addition his attempts to centralise power and increase wartime taxation led to revolts in Catalonia and in Portugal, which brought about his downfall.
citations: Thirty Years' War Battle of La Marfée