question: In what year was the chemist who founded Mond gas born?
answer: 1839
context: Title: Robert Boyle
  Passage: Robert William Boyle {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist and inventor born in Lismore, County Waterford, Ireland.  Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental scientific method.  He is best known for Boyle's law, which describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system.  Among his works, "The Sceptical Chymist" is seen as a cornerstone book in the field of chemistry.  He was a devout and pious Anglican and is noted for his writings in theology.
  Title: Comgás
  Passage: Comgás is a Brazilian gas distributor focused on São Paulo state.  It is Brazil's biggest gas distributor, with around 1,6 million residential, commercial and industrial customers, as of 2016, who receive gas through about 14.000 km of pipelines.  Comgás was founded in 1872.  The company had been wholly owned by the São Paulo state-owned power generation utility, "Companhia Energética de São Paulo" until April 1999, when CESP's stake was sold to the British BG Group and to Royal Dutch Shell.  Comgas sells gas under a 30 year franchise, with a potential for a further 20 years.
  Title: Mond gas
  Passage: Mond gas is a cheap coal gas that was used for industrial heating purposes.  Coal gases are made by decomposing coal through heating it to a high temperature.  Coal gases were the primary source of gas fuel during the 1940s and 1950s until the adoption of natural gas.  They were used for lighting, heating, and cooking, typically being supplied to households through pipe distribution systems.  The gas was named after its founder, Ludwig Mond.
  Title: Ludwig Mond
  Passage: Ludwig Mond (7 March 1839 – 11 December 1909) was a German-born chemist and industrialist who took British nationality.  He discovered an important, previously-unknown class of compounds called metal carbonyls.
  Title: William Klemperer
  Passage: William A. Klemperer (born October 6, 1927) is a prominent and accomplished American chemist who was one of the most influential chemical physicists and molecular spectroscopists in the second half of the 20th century.  Klemperer is most widely known for introducing molecular beam methods into chemical physics research, greatly increasing the understanding of nonbonding interactions between atoms and molecules through development of the microwave spectroscopy of van der Waals molecules formed in supersonic expansions, pioneering astrochemistry, including developing the first gas phase chemical models of cold molecular clouds that predicted an abundance of the molecular HCO molecular ion that was later confirmed by radio astronomy.
  Title: Jan Baptist van Helmont
  Passage: Jan Baptist van Helmont ( ; ] ; 12 January 1580 – 30 December 1644) was a Flemish chemist, physiologist, and physician.  He worked during the years just after Paracelsus and the rise of iatrochemistry, and is sometimes considered to be "the founder of pneumatic chemistry".  Van Helmont is remembered today largely for his ideas on spontaneous generation, his 5-year tree experiment, and his introduction of the word "gas" (from the Greek word "chaos") into the vocabulary of scientists.
  Title: Morinobu Endo
  Passage: Morinobu Endo (遠藤 守信 "Endō Morinobu", born September 28, 1946) is a Japanese physicist and chemist, often cited as one of the pioneers of carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes synthesis at the beginning of the 1970s.  He demonstrated carbon fibers can be grown by gas pyrolysis and traveled to Orléans, France in 1974 working with Madame Agnès Oberlin at CNRS in her laboratory.  He discovered carbon nanotubes in 1976 as part of his studies at University of Orleans in France.  He has been awareded the Charles E. Pettinos Award from the American Carbon Society in 2001, "For his pioneering work and applications of carbon nanotubes", Medal of Achievement in Carbon Science and Technology from the American Carbon Society in 2004, "for the discovery of, and early synthesis work on, carbon nanotubes".
  Title: Fritz Haber
  Passage: Fritz Haber (] ; 9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his invention of the Haber–Bosch process, a method used in industry to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas.  This invention is of importance for the large-scale synthesis of fertilizers and explosives.  The food production for half the world's current population depends on this method for producing nitrogen fertilizers.  Haber, along with Max Born, proposed the Born–Haber cycle as a method for evaluating the lattice energy of an ionic solid.
  Title: Oluwaseyi Makinde
  Passage: Oluwaseyi Abiodun Makinde (born 25 December 1967) is a Nigerian businessman, politician and philanthropist from Ibadan, Oyo State in South-western Nigeria.  He is an Engineer and a subject matter expert on fluid and Gas Metering.  He is the Group Managing Director of Makon Group Limited; an indigenous oil and gas companies in Nigeria.  He established his first oil and gas private business called Makon Engineering and Technical Services, (METS) at the age of 29 in the year 1997, after earning years of work experience with international oil and gas companies.
  Title: Claus process
  Passage: The Claus process is the most significant gas desulfurizing process, recovering elemental sulfur from gaseous hydrogen sulfide.  First patented in 1883 by the chemist Carl Friedrich Claus, the Claus process has become the industry standard.  C. F. Claus was born in Kassel in the German State of Hessen in 1827, and studied chemistry in Marburg before he emigrated to England in 1852.  Claus died in London in the year 1900.
citations: Mond gas Ludwig Mond