question: John Edward Goodson (1808–1892) was a 19th-century North American classical music educator, performer, composer, and conductor, after immigrating to the United States, he met which American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century?
answer: Ralph Waldo Emerson
context: Title: Ralph Waldo Emerson
  Passage: Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century.  He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society, and he disseminated his thoughts through dozens of published essays and more than 1,500 public lectures across the United States.
  Title: Alcides Lanza
  Passage: Alcides Emigdio Lanza (born 2 June 1929) is a Canadian composer, conductor, pianist, and music educator of Argentinian birth.  He became a naturalized Canadian citizen in 1976.  As both a composer and performer he is known as an exponent of contemporary classical music and avant-garde music.  His works often utilize a combination of traditional and unusual instruments, and incorporate electronic sounds and extensions.  He is also known for using special lighting effects when presenting his music.  Many of his compositions are published by Boosey & Hawkes, and Lanza himself owns his own publishing company, Shelan Editions.  He is an associate of the Canadian Music Centre, a member of the Canadian League of Composers. , and an Honorary Member of the Canadian Electroacoustic Community.
  Title: Old Westfield Cemetery
  Passage: The Old Westfield Cemetery is located at 320 North Street in the Danielson borough of Killingly, Connecticut.  The cemetery was established in 1720, not long after Killingly's incorporation (1708).  It occupies a 10 acre parcel on the north side of North Street, and is bounded in part by the Five Mile River.  Its main entry is marked by granite pillars placed in 1920, giving access to a perimeter road.  The cemetery is laid out in a form typical of 18th-century and early 19th-century, with graves lined up in relatively even rows, avoiding the mid-19th century rural cemetery movement.  Most of its 450 graves date to the 19th century.
  Title: Ellicott's Mills Historic District
  Passage: Ellicott's Mills Historic District is a national historic district at Oella, Baltimore County, Maryland, United States.  It is on the east bank of the Patapsco River, opposite Ellicott City.  It relates to the industrial operations of the Ellicott family from the 1770s through the mid-19th century.  It consists of the sites of historic buildings including: an 18th-century building, a section of an 18th-century mill incorporated in a 20th-century factory, a 19th-century tavern, 19th-century workers housing, and an 1860 villa, united by the major east-west route in Maryland during the early 19th century, the old National Pike.  Also in the district is the mammoth multi-story Wilkins-Rogers Company flour plant, which is located on the site of the 1792 Ellicott Flour Mill, the first merchant flour mill in the United States.
  Title: Gordon Sherwood
  Passage: Gordon Sherwood (August 25, 1929 – May 2, 2013) was an American classical composer.  Known in Germany as the "Beggar-Composer", his works exhibit various early 20th-century European and American classical music styles, as well as showing influences from blues, Arabic, Indian and Asian music.  The New York Philharmonic under Dmitri Mitropoulos gave his career a promising start as a prize-winning young composer at Carnegie Hall in 1957.  Aaron Copland said he was "his most gifted student".  He studied with famous teachers and won more awards and stipends in academia, but drifted into virtual anonymity until the mid-1990s.  He began begging on the streets of Paris around 1980.  A 1994 Norddeutscher Rundfunk/Arte feature-length television documentary "Der Bettler von Paris" exposed his life and work to German audiences, who were the first to hear his symphony and other works were premiered and recorded at the beginning of the 21st century.
  Title: J. E. Goodson
  Passage: John Edward Goodson (1808–1892) was a 19th-century North American classical music educator, performer, composer, and conductor.  Goodson, a highly skilled pianist and organist, was born and raised in London, England, and received his early education at the St. Paul’s Cathedral School.  The son of a London shoemaker, he fled the cholera epidemic of 1832–33 and emigrated to York, Upper Canada.  After immigrating to the United States, he met Ralph Waldo Emerson while living and teaching music in Cincinnati, and was eventually lured to Boston by Emerson for a brief time.  It was during this time that Goodson became the conductor of the Handel and Haydn Society.  He was also mentioned in Emerson's notes about forming a "Boston Club" along with Nathaniel Hawthorne and Bronson Alcott.  After leaving Boston in 1852, he lived out most of the remainder of his days in St. Louis, Missouri, continuing to teach music and also continuing to write and perform publicly.  While unproven, it has been passed down within the family that Goodson was a direct descendant of Vice-Admiral William Goodson, one of Oliver Cromwell's Admirals during the Protectorate.  It is quite possible that the memoirs of his Grandfather, William Goodson of Waddesdon, Buckinghamshire, may shed some more light on it.
  Title: North American fur trade
  Passage: The North American fur trade was the industry and activities related to the acquisition, trade, exchange, and sale of animal furs in North America.  Aboriginal peoples in Canada and Native Americans in the United States of different regions traded among themselves in the Pre-Columbian Era, but Europeans participated in the trade beginning from the time of their arrival in the New World and extended its reach to Europe.  The French started trading in the 16th century, the English established trading posts on Hudson Bay in present-day Canada in the 17th century, and the Dutch had trade by the same time in New Netherland.  The 19th-century North American fur trade, when the industry was at its peak of economic importance, involved the development of elaborate trade networks and companies.
  Title: Jonathan Cohler
  Passage: Jonathan Cohler (born June 19, 1959 ) is an American classical clarinetist, conductor, music educator and record producer.
  Title: List of classical music festivals
  Passage: The following is an incomplete list of classical music festivals, which encapsulates music festivals focused on classical music.  Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music (both liturgical and secular), and has long been played at festival-like settings.  It encompasses a broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day.  The major time divisions of classical music are as follows: the early music period, which includes the Medieval (500–1400) and the Renaissance (1400–1600) era, played at early music festivals; the common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1830), and Romantic eras (1804–1910), which included opera festivals and choral festivals; and the 20th century (1901–2000) which includes the modern (1890–1930) that overlaps from the late 19th-century, the high modern (mid 20th-century), and contemporary classical music festivals or postmodern (1975–2000) eras, the last of which overlaps into the 21st-century.  The term "classical music" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven as a golden age.
  Title: Henry Mazer
  Passage: Henry Simon Mazer ((1918--) 21, 1918 -(2002--) 1, 2002 ), was an American and later Taiwanese conductor, recording artist and music educator who was the founding principal conductor and music director of Taipei Philharmonic Orchestra from 1985 until suffering a stroke in February 2001.  Prior to his move to Taiwan, he was the conductor and associate conductor of major American symphonies including the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.  He contributed greatly to the refinement of the performances of classical music in Taiwan, leading local musicians to gain recognition overseas.  There is a cultural center dedicated to him in Taipei.
citations: J. E. Goodson Ralph Waldo Emerson