question: J. William Lloyd based his anarchism upon natural law, unlike which proponent of American individualist anarchism?
answer: Benjamin Ricketson Tucker
context: Title: Individualist anarchism in Europe
  Passage: Individualist anarchism refers to several traditions of thought within the anarchist movement that emphasize the individual and his or her will over external determinants such as groups, society, traditions, and ideological systems.  European individualist anarchism proceeded from the roots laid by William Godwin, Individualist anarchism expanded and diversified through Europe, incorporating influences from American individualist anarchism.
  Title: Stephen Pearl Andrews
  Passage: Stephen Pearl Andrews (March 22, 1812 – May 21, 1886) was an American individualist anarchist, linguist, political philosopher, outspoken abolitionist, and author of several books on the labor movement and Individualist anarchism.
  Title: Benjamin Tucker
  Passage: Benjamin Ricketson Tucker ( ; April 17, 1854 – June 22, 1939) was a proponent, in the 19th century, of American individualist anarchism, which he called "unterrified Jeffersonianism," and editor and publisher of the individualist anarchist periodical "Liberty".
  Title: Anarchist schools of thought
  Passage: Anarchist schools of thought can differ fundamentally, supporting anything from extreme individualism to complete collectivism.  Strains of anarchism have often been divided into the categories of social and individualist anarchism or similar dual classifications.  Anarchism is often considered a radical left-wing ideology and much of anarchist economics and anarchist legal philosophy reflect anti-authoritarian interpretations of communism, collectivism, syndicalism, mutualism or participatory economics.  At some point "the collectivist, communist, and liberal and individualist strands of thought from which anarchists drew their inspiration began to assume an increasingly distinctive quality, supporting the rise of a number of anarchist schools".
  Title: Steven T. Byington
  Passage: Steven Tracy Byington (birthname Stephen) (December 10, 1869 – October 12, 1957) was a noted intellectual, translator, and American individualist anarchist.  He was born in Westford, Vermont, and later moved to Ballardvale section of Andover, Massachusetts.  A one-time proponent of Georgism, he converted to individualist anarchism after associating with Benjamin Tucker.  He was a firm believer in the promotion of individualist anarchism through education.  He said "Anarchism has undertaken to change men's minds in one point by removing their faith in force" ("Quasi-Invasion and the Boycott" in "Liberty, X, 2").  He began a "Letter Writing Corps" in 1894 which targeted specific individuals, including newspapers, to familiarize others with the philosophical doctrine.  He is known for translating two important anarchist works into English from German: Max Stirner's "The Ego and Its Own" and Paul Eltzbacher's "Anarchism; exponents of the anarchist philosophy" (also published by Dover with the title "The Great Anarchists: Ideas and Teachings of Seven Major Thinkers").
  Title: Henry Bool
  Passage: Henry Bool (1846–1922) was an American individualist anarchist.  Bool was born in England and in 1872 emigrated to Ithaca, NY, (arriving in New York NY 15 May 1872) where he lived as a businessman for 30 years before returning to England, where he died in Montacute, Somerset, in 1922.  While in the U.S. Bool began reading and adopting the philosophy of the American individualist anarchists as his own; he said, "I am a believer in the doctrines of the individualistic school of Anarchists, to which Garrison, Emerson, Proudhon, Thoreau, Spooner, Andrews, Warren and Tucker belong."  He is most noted for opposing propaganda by the deed and communist anarchism.
  Title: Synthesis anarchism
  Passage: Synthesis anarchism, synthesist anarchism, synthesism or synthesis federations is a form of anarchist organization which tries to join anarchists of different tendencies under the principles of anarchism without adjectives.  In the 1920s this form found as its main proponents the anarcho-communists Voline and Sébastien Faure, bringing together anarchists of three main tendencies: individualist anarchism, communist anarchism, and anarcho-syndicalism.  It is the main principle behind the anarchist federations grouped around the contemporary global International of Anarchist Federations.
  Title: Philosophical anarchism
  Passage: Philosophical anarchism is an anarchist school of thought which holds that the state lacks moral legitimacy while not supporting violence to eliminate it.  Though philosophical anarchism does not necessarily imply any action or desire for the elimination of the State, philosophical anarchists do not believe that they have an obligation or duty to obey the State, or conversely, that the State has a right to command.  Philosophical anarchism is a component especially of individualist anarchism.
  Title: J. William Lloyd
  Passage: J. William Lloyd (never using his given name John) (June 4, 1857 – October 23, 1940) was an American individualist anarchist from 1884 to around 1904.  He was born in Westfield, New Jersey; he later moved to Kansas, then Iowa, then to experimental colonies in Tennessee and Florida, before returning to New Jersey in 1888.  He based his anarchism upon natural law, rather than on egoism as Benjamin Tucker did.  His first book, "Wind-Harp Songs" (poetry), was published in 1895 ("Anarchists' March," a printed musical score with words by Lloyd, had been issued by Tucker in 1888).  He founded an anarchist group, The Comradeship of Free Socialists, in 1897.  His work, "The Red Heart in a White World: A Suggestive Manual of Free Society; Containing a Method and a Hope," formed the basis for it.  Lloyd later modified his position to minarchism.
  Title: Individualist anarchism
  Passage: Individualist anarchism refers to several traditions of thought within the anarchist movement that emphasize the individual and their will over external determinants such as groups, society, traditions, and ideological systems.  Individualist anarchism is not a single philosophy but refers to a group of individualistic philosophies that sometimes are in conflict.  Benjamin R. Tucker, a famous 19th-century individualist anarchist, held that "if the individual has the right to govern himself, all external government is tyranny."
citations: Benjamin Tucker J. William Lloyd