question: Which philosopher, known for his 1651 book, fled to France for legal reasons?
answer: Thomas Hobbes
context: Title: Complaint
  Passage: In legal terminology, a complaint is any formal legal document that sets out the facts and legal reasons (see: cause of action) that the filing party or parties (the plaintiff(s)) believes are sufficient to support a claim against the party or parties against whom the claim is brought (the defendant(s)) that entitles the plaintiff(s) to a remedy (either money damages or injunctive relief).  For example, the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP) that govern civil litigation in United States courts provide that a civil action is commenced with the filing or service of a pleading called a complaint.  Civil court rules in states that have incorporated the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure use the same term for the same pleading.
  Title: HTTP 451
  Passage: In computer networking, HTTP 451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons is an error status code of the HTTP protocol to be displayed when the user requests a resource which cannot be served for legal reasons, such as a web page censored by a government.  The number 451 is a reference to Ray Bradbury's 1953 dystopian novel "Fahrenheit 451", in which books are outlawed.  451 could be described as a more explanatory variant of 403 Forbidden.
  Title: Neville–Neville feud
  Passage: The Neville–Neville feud was an inheritance dispute which took place in the North of England during the early fifteenth century between two branches of the Neville family.  After the death of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland in 1425, the feud continued through the 1430s, until 1443.  It was caused by the transfer of lands and titles to the earl of Westmorland's second wife, Joan Beaufort, and her children.  Many of the Neville family holdings were transferred through legal means to Joan's eldest son Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, in effect disinheriting Westmorland's issue from his first wife.  The title earl of Westmorland passed to the issue of Ralph's first marriage for legal reasons, but many holdings, particularly those of the Neville patrimony in Yorkshire and Raby Castle in Durham were transferred to Joan and her children.  The Nevilles had many estates, but their main residence seems to have been Raby Castle.  The House of Beaufort was able to consolidate their control over the County Palatine of Durham when Joan's youngest son, Robert Neville, assumed office as Bishop of Durham in 1437.
  Title: Guy Georgias
  Passage: Guy Clement Georgias born Aguy Zvavahera Ushe in Chivhu in 1935 in Unyetu-Mutomba Village once served in the Zimbabwe government as Deputy Minister of Public Works.  At the time of his death he was a non-constituency Senator (presumably representing the Coloureds community).  He was born in 1935 and died on 19 December 2015 in Harare.  He was of the Shava totem from Mutekedza Chieftainship in Chikomba.  He was the eldest son of James Ushe Shoniwa, and could have taken over as Chief Mutekedza had it not been for his desire not to associate with his roots.  He identified as a person of Mixed Race or as a Coloured.  His brother Herbert said he did this for economic and legal reasons when he entered the City of Salisbury (now Harare) looking for economic opportunities.  That time, white colonialists favoured people of Mixed Race compared to blacks.  He was enterprising and is known for starting an engineering company, Trinity Engineering which during the early years of independence had lucrative government contracts.  One such contract involved assembling military vehicles, notably the Puma trucks.  He is known for having married 3 wives.  the first one is said to have been of Indian origin and they seared 5 children in the town of Gweru.  The second whom he married in 1977 under the old Chapter 37 (now Chapter 5:11) was black like him and she was called Manana.  With Manana, they never had any child.  The third one was Jane aka Lizzie, and they seared 5 children and Jane also had 6 children from a previous marriage.  When he died of heart attack and kidney complications in Zimbabwe on December 19 December 2015, he was declared a National Hero by the Mugabe government and was ultimately buried at the National Heroes Acre.  Although he did not fight in the war of liberation, Zvavahera was declared a national hero for challenging the European Union (EU) in court.  He sued the EU for €6 million damages for imposing sanctions on himself and the Zanu PF leadership but his application was dismissed by the EU General Court.  He himself was on the sanctions list and was denied entry in the UK in 2007.  He exhausted his personal fortune in the war against EU, but lost the case.  In President Mugabe's words at his funeral, Guy approached the government to assist him pay his lawyers.  He also asked to go with Mugabe to Venezuela to present his case but despite promises, Hugo Chavez, who was then Venezuelan President, died without offering financial support.  The government the paid the legal costs.  During his funeral, the family was divided.  Jane was recognised by the government as the wife and she participated with her children in the funeral wake.  The official funeral was organised from Rocky Lodge in Strathaven in Harare.  Manana was not recognised and together with other relatives of Guy who trouped from Chivhu, they gathered in Highlands at his other house for the funeral.  they complained to government and threatened to boycott the national shrine event.  They claim to have been instructed by CIOs (Zimbabwe Intelligence) to attend the funeral to which they did.  His rural family complained that the government did not follow traditional values.  For example they did not recognise the wife they know, Manana.  They also did not take his body to the rural village.  Further the government did not consult the rural family and allowed a daughter of 31 years named as Tina (of Mixed Race) to speak at the national shrine ahead of family elders including his 55 year old black son named Tony.
  Title: John Doe (disambiguation)
  Passage: John Doe is a placeholder name in a legal action, case or discussion for a party, whose true identity is unknown or must be withheld for legal reasons.
  Title: Our Currency, Our Country
  Passage: Our Currency, Our Country is a 1996 book by British Conservative politician John Redwood.  In the book, he argues that the European single currency would be a bad idea for the United Kingdom for political, economic and legal reasons.
  Title: Thomas Hobbes
  Passage: Thomas Hobbes ( ; 5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679), in some older texts Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, was an English philosopher who is considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy.  Hobbes is best known for his 1651 book "Leviathan", which established the social contract theory that has served as the foundation for most later Western political philosophy.  In addition to political philosophy, Hobbes also contributed to a diverse array of other fields, including history, jurisprudence, geometry, the physics of gases, theology, ethics, and general philosophy.
  Title: Monopoly on violence
  Passage: The monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force, also known as the monopoly on violence (German: "Gewaltmonopol des Staates" ), is a core concept of modern public law, which goes back to Jean Bodin's 1576 work "Les Six livres de la République" and Thomas Hobbes' 1651 book "Leviathan".  As the defining conception of the state, it was first described in sociology by Max Weber in his essay "Politics as a Vocation" (1919).  Weber claims that the state is the "only human Gemeinschaft which lays claim to the monopoly on the legitimated use of physical force.  However, this monopoly is limited to a certain geographical area, and in fact this limitation to a particular area is one of the things that defines a state."  In other words, Weber describes the state as any organization that succeeds in holding the exclusive right to use, threaten, or authorize physical force against residents of its territory.  Such a monopoly, according to Weber, must occur via a process of legitimation.
  Title: Right of asylum
  Passage: The right of asylum (sometimes called right of political asylum, from the ancient Greek word ἄσυλον) is an ancient juridical concept, under which a person persecuted by their own country may be protected by another sovereign authority, such as another country or church official, who in medieval times could offer sanctuary.  This right was already recognized by the Egyptians, the Greeks, and the Hebrews, from whom it was adopted into Western tradition.  René Descartes fled to the Netherlands, Voltaire to England, and Thomas Hobbes to France, because each state offered protection to persecuted foreigners.
  Title: Oral argument in the United States
  Passage: Oral arguments are spoken to a judge or appellate court by a lawyer (or parties when representing themselves) of the legal reasons why they should prevail.  Oral argument at the appellate level accompanies written briefs, which also advance the argument of each party in the legal dispute.  Oral arguments can also occur during motion practice when one of the parties presents a motion to the court for consideration before trial, such as when the case is to be dismissed on a point of law, or when summary judgment may lie because there are no factual issues in dispute.
citations: Right of asylum Thomas Hobbes