question: American physicist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics, stated the Scallop theorem, in what paper in 1977?
answer: "Life at Low Reynolds Number"
context: Title: Felix Bloch
  Passage: Felix Bloch (23 October 1905 – 10 September 1983) was a Swiss physicist, working mainly in the U.S.  He and Edward Mills Purcell were awarded the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics for "their development of new ways and methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements."  In 1954–1955, he served for one year as the first Director-General of CERN.
  Title: Edward Mills Purcell
  Passage: Edward Mills Purcell (August 30, 1912 – March 7, 1997) was an American physicist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics for his independent discovery (published 1946) of nuclear magnetic resonance in liquids and in solids.  Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has become widely used to study the molecular structure of pure materials and the composition of mixtures.
  Title: Nobel Prize in Physics
  Passage: The Nobel Prize in Physics (Swedish: "Nobelpriset i fysik" ) is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who conferred the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics.  It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
  Title: Scallop theorem
  Passage: The Scallop theorem states that to achieve propulsion at low Reynolds number in Newtonian fluids a swimmer must deform in a way that is not invariant under time-reversal.  Edward Mills Purcell stated this theorem in his 1977 paper "Life at Low Reynolds Number" explaining physical principles of aquatic locomotion.  The theorem is named for the motion of a scallop - an opening and closing of a simple hinge - which is not sufficient to create migration at low Reynolds numbers.
  Title: Clinton Davisson
  Passage: Clinton Joseph Davisson (October 22, 1881 – February 1, 1958), was an American physicist who won the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of electron diffraction in the famous Davisson-Germer experiment.  Davisson shared the Nobel Prize with George Paget Thomson, who independently discovered electron diffraction at about the same time as Davisson.
citations: Scallop theorem Edward Mills Purcell