question: According to which system, which was replaced by the Gregorian calendar in Japan, is the 35 in Type 35 rifle referencing the year 35?
answer: Japanese calendar
context: Title: Type 35 rifle
  Passage: The Type 35 Rifle (三十五年式) was created from the Type 30 rifle for the Imperial Japanese Navy as a replacement for their aging Type 22 Murata rifles and to try to correct the deficiencies of the Type 30 rifle.  The "35" referred to the adoption date, the Year 35 (1902) in the Meiji period according to the Japanese calendar.
  Title: Old Style 1752
  Passage: This is the calendar for Old Style 1752, a leap year which began on 1 January, and dropped 3–13 September to transition to the Gregorian calendar.  Previously, the Old Style calendar in England (and related regions) had begun on 25 March and ended with the following March, on 24 March.  Because the Gregorian calendar did not have leap day in 1700, the original 10-day difference in calendars had expanded to an 11-day difference, and to compensate, 2 September was followed by 14 September, as skipping 11 days beyond 3 September.  Year 1753, in England (and related regions) followed the full Gregorian calendar.  Note, below, the shortened length of September.
  Title: Proleptic Gregorian calendar
  Passage: The proleptic Gregorian calendar is produced by extending the Gregorian calendar backward to dates preceding its official introduction in 1582.  In countries that adopted the Gregorian calendar later, dates occurring in the interim (between 1582 and the local adoption) are sometimes "Gregorian-ized" as well.  For example, George Washington was born on February 11, 1731 (Old Style), as Britain and its possessions were using the Julian calendar until September 1752.  After the switch, that day became February 22, which is the date commonly given as Washington's birthday.
  Title: Zoroastrian festivals
  Passage: Zoroastrianism has numerous festivals and holy days, all of which are bound to the Zoroastrian calendar.  The "Shahenshahi" and "Kadmi" variants of the calendar do not intercalate leap years and hence the day of the Gregorian calendar year on which these days are celebrated shifts ahead with time.  The third variant of the Zoroastrian calendar, known as either "Fasli" (in India) or "Bastani" (in Iran), intercalcates according to Gregorian calendar rules and thus remains synchronous with the seasons.  For details on the differences, see Zoroastrian calendar.
  Title: Adoption of the Gregorian calendar
  Passage: The adoption of the Gregorian Calendar was an event in the modern history of most nations and societies, marking a change from their traditional (or "old style") dating system to the modern (or "new style") dating system that is widely used around the world today.  Some countries adopted the new calendar from 1582, some did not do so before the early twentieth century, and others did so at various dates between; however a number continue to use a different civil calendar.  For many the new style calendar is only used for civil purposes and the old style calendar remains used in religious contexts.  In the western world, the change was a simple date shift from the previous Julian Calendar but in the east the change from their old style lunisolar calendar was a more significant one.  Today, the Gregorian calendar is the world's most widely used civil calendar.  During and for some time after the change between systems, it has been common to use the terms "Old Style" and "New Style" when giving dates, to indicate which calendar was used to reckon them.
  Title: Japanese calendar
  Passage: Japanese calendar types have included a range of official and unofficial systems.  At present, Japan uses the Gregorian calendar together with year designations stating the year of the reign of the current Emperor.
citations: Japanese calendar Type 35 rifle