question: Which Nobel Prize laureate, known for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei, did Behram Kurşunoğlu host during his University of Miama career?
answer: Robert Hofstadter
context: Title: Jellium
  Passage: Jellium, also known as the uniform electron gas (UEG) or homogeneous electron gas (HEG), is a quantum mechanical model of interacting electrons in a solid where the positive charges (i.e. atomic nuclei) are assumed to be uniformly distributed in space whence the electron density
  Title: Ferromagnetic resonance
  Passage: Ferromagnetic resonance, or FMR, is a spectroscopic technique to probe the magnetization of ferromagnetic materials.  It is a standard tool for probing spin waves and spin dynamics.  FMR is very broadly similar to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and also somewhat similar to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), except that FMR probes the sample magnetization resulting from the magnetic moments of dipolar-coupled but unpaired electrons, while NMR probes the magnetic moment of atomic nuclei that are screened by the atomic or molecular orbitals surrounding such nuclei of non-zero nuclear spin.
  Title: Charles J. Pedersen
  Passage: Charles John Pedersen (October 3, 1904 – October 26, 1989) was an American organic chemist best known for describing methods of synthesizing crown ethers.  He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1987 with Donald J. Cram and Jean-Marie Lehn.  His Japanese first name was Yoshio (良男 ) .  He is the only Nobel Prize laureate born in Korea other than Peace Prize laureate Kim Dae-jung.
  Title: Electron hole
  Passage: In physics, chemistry, and electronic engineering, an electron hole (often simply called a hole) is the lack of an electron at a position where one could exist in an atom or atomic lattice.  Since in a normal atom or crystal lattice the negative charge of the electrons is balanced by the positive charge of the atomic nuclei, the absence of an electron leaves a net positive charge at the hole's location.  Holes in a metal or semiconductor crystal lattice can move through the lattice as electrons can, and act similarly to positively-charged particles.  They play an important role in the operation of semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes and integrated circuits.  However they are not actually particles, but rather quasiparticles; they are different from the positron, which is the antiparticle of the electron.  (See also Dirac Sea.)
  Title: Behram Kurşunoğlu
  Passage: Behram Kurşunoğlu (14 March 1922 – 25 October 2003) was a Turkish physicist and the founder and the director of the Center for Theoretical Studies, University of Miami.  He was best known for his works on unified field theory, energy and global issues.  Moreover, he participated in the discovery of two different types of neutrinos in late 1950s.  During his University of Miami career, he hosted several Nobel Prize laureates, including Paul Dirac, Lars Onsager and Robert Hofstadter.  He wrote several books on diverse aspects of physics, the most notable of which is "Modern Quantum Theory" (1962).
  Title: Nan Bentzen Skille
  Passage: Nan Helene Bentzen Skille (born 12 February 1945) founder of The Sigrid Undset Society (1997) and author of the first biography in English of the Nobel Prize Laureate (1928) Sigrid Undset (1882–1949).  Skille has a Masters in English Literature.  She has been active as a promoter of the Norwegian author and Nobel Prize Laureate Sigrid Undset for many years, both through The Sigrid Undset Society, which she led for five years from its founding in 1997, as editor for the periodical "Gymnadnia" (1997–2003) and as member of the council for the Norwegian Festival of Literature (since 1995).
  Title: Robert Hofstadter
  Passage: Robert Hofstadter (February 5, 1915 – November 17, 1990) was an American physicist.  He was the joint winner of the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics (together with Rudolf Mössbauer) "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his consequent discoveries concerning the structure of nucleons".
  Title: Cockcroft–Walton generator
  Passage: The Cockcroft–Walton (CW) generator, or multiplier, is an electric circuit that generates a high DC voltage from a low-voltage AC or pulsing DC input.  It was named after the British and Irish physicists John Douglas Cockcroft and Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton, who in 1932 used this circuit design to power their particle accelerator, performing the first artificial nuclear disintegration in history.  They used this voltage multiplier cascade for most of their research, which in 1951 won them the Nobel Prize in Physics for "Transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles".  Less well known is the fact that the circuit was discovered much earlier, in 1919, by Heinrich Greinacher, a Swiss physicist.  For this reason, this doubler cascade is sometimes also referred to as the Greinacher multiplier.  Cockcroft–Walton circuits are still used in particle accelerators.  They also are used in everyday electronic devices that require high voltages, such as X-ray machines, television sets, microwave ovens and photocopiers.
  Title: Paul Marmet
  Passage: Paul Marmet; (20 May 1932 – 20 May 2005) was a Canadian physicist and professor, best known for developing, along with his mentor Larkin Kerwin, a high resolution electron selector for the study of electronic states of negative ions.  This instrument, along with a mass spectrometer he developed, was widely used by scientists for electron scattering studies which led to the discovery of enhanced vibrational excitation in nitrogen, and for the study of free radicals.
citations: Robert Hofstadter Behram Kurşunoğlu