question: Charlie Bryan was the head of the International Association of Machinists union during the mid to late 1980s who led a strike against the American businessman and philanthropist, Frank Lorenzo in what year?
answer: 1989
context: Title: R. Thomas Buffenbarger
  Passage: R. Thomas "Tom" Buffenbarger is an American labor leader and President of the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM).
  Title: Machinists Union Racing
  Passage: Machinists Union Racing was a CART Indy Car team owned by the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers and run by the IAM's national automotive coordinator Andy Kenopensky, a former appointee to the United States Metric Board.  The team competed in CART from 1981 to 1990.
  Title: Frank Lorenzo
  Passage: Francisco Anthony "Frank" Lorenzo (born May 19, 1940) is an American businessman and philanthropist.  He is most famous for his leadership of Texas International Airlines and its successor holding company Texas Air Corporation between 1972 and 1990, through which he formed or acquired a number of major U.S. airlines including Continental Airlines, Eastern Air Lines, Frontier Airlines, New York Air and People Express Airlines.
  Title: Charlie Bryan
  Passage: Charlie Bryan (11 December 1933 - 2 November 2013) was the head of the International Association of Machinists union in the southeast United States, during the mid to late 1980s.  He led machinists to strike against Eastern Air Lines and Frank Lorenzo in 1989.
  Title: Boomer Jones
  Passage: Boomer Jones was a 1950 radio show produced by the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) which first aired coast to coast on the Mutual Network on September 3, 1950, the day before Labor Day.  The show lasted approximately 30 minutes and was followed by a speech from Al Hayes, who was at the time, the International President of the IAM.
  Title: Scott Atchison (racing driver)
  Passage: Scott Atchison (born July 16, 1962) is a former American racing driver from Bakersfield, California who competed in the CART IndyCar World Series in 1988 and 1989.  He made 13 starts his rookie year and finished 20th in series points for Machinists Union Racing.  He returned the following year to make 3 mid-summer road course starts for Euromotorsport.  His best CART finish was 9th place at Long Beach and Miami his rookie year.  He attempted to qualify for the 1988 Indianapolis 500 but was bumped from the field.
  Title: Robert Fechner
  Passage: Robert Fechner (22 March 1876 – 31 December 1939) was a national labor union leader and director of the Civilian Conservation Corps (1933–39), which played a central role in the development of state and national parks in the United States.  Born in Chattanooga, Tennessee.  With only a public school elementary education he had risen to become an American labor union leader and vice president of the International Association of Machinists.  He had a reputation for fairness, tact, and patience in all his dealings.  On 5 April 1933 he was appointed by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to be the Director of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC).  It was Fechner's fairness and ability for organization and administration that impressed the president to his appointment as director.  Although he had been an important labor figure, Fechner objected to attempts of union organizers to form unions among CCC enrollees in the camps.  He felt that the government was doing all it possibly could for the well-being of the enrollees: well fed, supporting dependents with monthly earnings, getting an education; and they were contributing in a constructive manner to the conservation needs of the nation.  The need for a union in this situation was not necessary, and he issued orders to keep union organizers out of the CCC camps and gave instructions that if any of the CCC enrolees joined a union they were to be discharged.  Upon Fechner's death while still serving as CCC Director he was succeeded by James McEntee.
  Title: William Ross Knudsen
  Passage: William Ross Knudsen (September 30, 1892 – 1977) was an American socialist political activist and trade union organizer.  Knudsen was an organizer for the International Association of Machinists and the leader of two major strikes conducted by that organization.  He is also remembered as the 1923 candidate for Mayor of San Francisco of the Socialist Labor Party of America.
  Title: William W. Winpisinger
  Passage: William Wayne Wimpisinger (December 10, 1924 – December 11, 1997) was the eleventh International President of the million-member International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers from 1977 until his retirement in 1989.  Well-read in the economics, history and mission of the American labor movement, he was a forceful and articulate spokesman for organized labor and was often invited to testify before House and Senate committees on legislation affecting working people.  During his twelve years as IAM President, he substantially expanded the union's human rights, community services, job safety, public relations and organizing programs.
citations: Frank Lorenzo Charlie Bryan