question: Majorca Ratter and The Broholmer are both breeds of what kind of animal?
answer: breed of dog
context: Title: Tamworth pig
  Passage: The Tamworth is a breed of domestic pig originating in Tamworth, United Kingdom, with input from Irish pigs.  It is among the oldest of pig breeds, but as with many older breeds of livestock, it is not well suited to modern production methods and is listed as "Threatened" in the United States and "Vulnerable" in the UK by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust, as fewer than 300 registered breeding females remain.  This animal is of ginger to red colouration and is thought to have descended from wild boars, via native pig stock of Europe.  Principal populations today are in the United Kingdom, Australia, the United States, New Zealand, and Canada.  Alternative names for this animal are Sandy Back, and Tam.
  Title: Broholmer
  Passage: The Broholmer, also called the Danish Mastiff, is a large Molosser breed of dog from Denmark, recognized by the Danish Kennel Club and the Fédération Cynologique Internationale.  It has been employed as a guard dog in the homes of the wealthy.  The breed's numbers dwindled severely during World War II, but the dog made a successful return in the 1970s.
  Title: List of goat breeds
  Passage: This is a list of goat breeds.  There are many recognized breeds of domestic goat "(Capra aegagrus hircus)".  Goat breeds (especially dairy goats) are some of the oldest defined animal breeds for which breed standards and production records have been kept.  Selective breeding of goats generally focuses on improving production of fiber, meat, dairy products or goatskin.  Breeds are generally classified based on their primary use, though there are several breeds which are considered dual- or multi-purpose goats, so there is some crossover between lists.
  Title: Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources
  Passage: Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources is a strategy wherein samples of animal genetic materials are preserved cryogenically.  Animal genetic resources, as defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, are "those animal species that are used, or may be used, for the production of food and agriculture, and the populations within each of them.  These populations within each species can be classified as wild and feral populations, landraces and primary populations, standardised breeds, selected lines, varieties, strains and any conserved genetic material; all of which are currently categorized as Breeds."  Genetic materials that are typically cryogenically preserved include sperm, oocytes, embryos and somatic cells.  Cryogenic facilities are called gene banks and can vary greatly in size usually according to the economic resources available.  They must be able to facilitate germplasm collection, processing, freezing, and long term storage, all in a hygienic and organized manner.  Gene banks must maintain a precise database and make information and genetic resources accessible to properly facilitate cryoconservation.  Cryoconservation is an "ex situ" conservation strategy that often coexists alongside "in situ" conservation to protect and preserve livestock genetics.  Cryoconservation of livestock genetic resources is primarily done in order to preserve the genetics of populations of interest, such as indigenous breeds, also known as local or minor breeds.  Material may be stored because individuals shared specific genes and phenotypes that may be of value or have potential value for researchers or breeders.  Therefore, one of the main goals remains preserving the gene pool of local breeds that may be threatened.  Indigenous livestock genetics are commonly threatened by factors such as globalization, modernization, changes in production systems, inappropriate introduction of major breeds, genetic drift, inbreeding, crossbreeding, climate change, natural disasters, disease, cultural changes, and urbanization.  Indigenous livestock are critical to sustainable agricultural development and food security, due to their: adaptation to environment and endemic diseases, indispensable part in local production systems, social and cultural significance, and importance to local rural economies.  The genetic resources of minor breeds have value to the local farmers, consumers of the products, private companies and investors interested in crossbreeding, breed associations, governments, those conducting research and development, and non-governmental organizations.  Therefore, efforts have been made by national governments and non-governmental organizations, such as the Livestock Conservancy, to encourage conservation of livestock genetics through cryoconservation, as well as through other "ex situ" and "in situ" strategies.  Cryogenic specimens of livestock genetic resources can be preserved and used for extended periods of time.  This advantage makes cryoconservation beneficial particularly for threatened breeds who have low breed populations.  Cryogenically preserved specimens can be used to revive breeds that are endangered or extinct, for breed improvement, crossbreeding, research and development.  However, cryoconservation can be an expensive strategy and requires long term hygienic and economic commitment for germplasms to remain viable.  Cryoconservation can also face unique challenges based on the species, as some species have a reduced survival rate of frozen germplasm.
  Title: Scienter
  Passage: The scienter action is a category within [tort] law in some[common law] jurisdictions which deals with the damage done by an animal directly to a human.  It had a long history in English law, although it was abolished by the [Animals Act 1971].  An action in those common law jurisdictions where it has not been extinguished by statute, is in addition to the torts of negligence and nuisance, or more bespoke torts like cattle trespass.  Where an animal is known to behave in a certain way, and that is expressed on a person causing injury, an action can be taken in this tort.  This tort is not available in New South Wales, The Australian Capital Territory, South Australia or New Zealand.  In these jurisdictions the actions involving animals need to be in nuisance or negligence.  To be successful the plaintiff needs to take action against the person in control of the animal, and it is strict liability, requiring no more than proof of injury, that the animal had a problematic trait, and the person in control knew about the trait in the animal.  Being strict liability, there is no need to argue fault in the form of wilful intent or negligence on the part of the animal or its controller.  The only defence is if it can be proved the plaintiff voluntarily assumed the risk of injury by their actions, or if the plaintiff was the cause of the injury.  It is common to distinguish between harmless animals and wild animals.  No scienter is needed for wild animals.  Animals are classed as wild or harmless on the basis of species or kind, not on the basis of being a tame individual.  An elephant is considered wild irrespective of its use.  The scienter action is referred to in Rylands v. Fletcher in that one who keeps a wild thing “must keep it at his peril” to make reference to part of Justice Colin Blackburn’s comment.
  Title: Designer crossbreed
  Passage: A designer crossbreed or designer breed is a crossbred animal that has purebred parents, usually registered with a breed registry, but from two different breeds.  These animals are the result of a deliberate decision to create a specific crossbred animal.  Less often, the animal may have more than two pure breeds in its ancestry, but unlike a mutt or a mongrel, its entire pedigree is known to descend from specific known animals.  While the term is best-known when applied to certain dog crossbreeds, other animals such as cattle, horses, birds and cats may also be bred in this fashion.  Some crossbred breeders start a freestanding breed registry to record designer crossbreds, other crossbreds may be included in an "appendix" to an existing purebred registry.  either form of registration may be the first step in recording and tracking pedigrees in order to develop a new breed.
  Title: Majorca Ratter
  Passage: Majorca Ratter (Catalan: "Ca Rater Mallorquí"; Spanish: "Ratonero mallorquín") is a Spanish breed of dog originating in the Balearic Islands.
  Title: Ratter (dog)
  Passage: A ratter is a type of dog that has been developed for catching rats and other vermin.  A typical ratter is small to medium-sized and has a short and smooth coat.  Their ears are often erect, although some breeds can have semi-erect and folded ears.
citations: Broholmer Majorca Ratter