question: Montesquieu and which English philosopher and physician believed in liberalism?
answer: John Locke
context: Title: Montesquieu
  Passage: Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu ( ; ] ; 18 January 1689 – 10 February 1755), generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French lawyer, man of letters, and political philosopher who lived during the Age of Enlightenment.
  Title: History of liberalism
  Passage: Liberalism, the belief in freedom and human rights, is historically associated with such thinkers as John Locke and Montesquieu.  It is a political movement which spans the better part of the last four centuries, though the use of the word "liberalism" to refer to a specific political doctrine did not occur until the 19th century.  The Glorious Revolution of 1688 in England laid the foundations for the development of the modern liberal state by constitutionally limiting the power of the monarch, affirming parliamentary supremacy, passing the Bill of Rights and establishing the principle of 'consent of the governed'.  The 1776 Declaration of Independence of the United States of America founded the nascent republic on liberal principles without the encumbrance of hereditary aristocracy; the declaration stated that "all men are created equal and endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, among these life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," echoing John Locke's phrase "life, liberty, and property".  A few years later, the French Revolution overthrew the hereditary aristocracy, with the slogan "liberty, equality, fraternity", and was the first state in history to grant universal male suffrage.  The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, first codified in 1789 in France, is a foundational document of both liberalism and human rights.
  Title: Liberalism: A Counter-History
  Passage: Liberalism: A Counter-History (Italian: "Controstoria del liberalismo" ) is a 2011 book by Italian philosopher Domenico Losurdo.  In the book he examines the inner contradictions of the highly influential liberal political tradition.  The "liberalism" which Losurdo discusses in the book is sometimes better known as classical liberalism, the political philosophy that celebrates individual liberty and recognizes property rights, as opposed to more modern forms of social liberalism.  Key liberal thinkers who are discussed include John Locke, Alexis de Tocqueville, and Edmund Burke.  Losurdo argues that the liberal tradition has often excused and even celebrated racism, slavery, exploitation, and genocide.
  Title: Thomas Hill Green
  Passage: Thomas Hill Green (7 April 1836 – 15 March 1882) was an English philosopher, political radical and temperance reformer, and a member of the British idealism movement.  Like all the British idealists, Green was influenced by the metaphysical historicism of G.W.F. Hegel.  He was one of the thinkers behind the philosophy of social liberalism.
  Title: John Locke
  Passage: John Locke {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".  Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory.  His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy.  His writings influenced Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries.  His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence.
citations: History of liberalism John Locke