question: Where was the Canadian multinational mass media information firm, that took over the Reuters News Agency in 2008, founded?
answer: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
context: Title: Thomson Reuters
  Passage: Thomson Reuters Corporation ( ) is a Canadian multinational mass media and information firm.  The firm was founded in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, where it is headquartered at 333 Bay Street in Downtown Toronto.  Thomson Reuters shares are cross listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: TRI) and the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX: TRI).
  Title: Nikhil Pahwa
  Passage: Nikhil Pahwa is an Indian entrepreneur, journalist, publisher and founder and owner of MediaNama, an India-based mobile and digital news portal.  He has been a key commentator on stories and debates around Indian digital media companies, censorship and Internet and mobile regulation in India.  He was also appointed as a member of the Wi-fi task force set up by the Delhi Government in 2015 along with entrepreneur, Mahesh Murthy and Pranesh Prakash, the Policy Director at Center for Internet & Society, Bangalore.  Pahwa was also reported about when the mass media and information firm Thomson Reuters controversially contacted him requesting permission to reuse MediaNama content for free.  The company informed Pahwa that if he failed to respond within 14 days, they would deem his silence as consent and distribute MediaNama content freely.  He was also named in the 'Indians of Tomorrow' list of young leaders in India published by India Today.
  Title: Mass media in Canada
  Passage: The term mass media refers to any means or technology used to communicate a message to large groups of people.  Popular forms of mass media include television, the Internet, and newspapers.  Mass media are specifically intended to reach larger audiences.  The term is often divided into two broad categories: that of electronic mass media and that of print mass media.  Electronic mass media require their audiences to interact with electronics in order to receive the message.  They attempt to recreate or represent a message through moving pictures and/or sound.  Four common examples of electronic media used in Canadian society are television, radio, films, and the Internet.  Print mass media, on the other hand, refers to any media that is distributed to audiences in a printed form, on paper.  Examples of this include newspapers, printed books, and magazines.  The mass media model in Canada is different from the mass media model of the United States as well as the rest of the world.  According to John A. Irving, mass media functions differently in Canadian society because of a lack of collective identity; this is in reference to Canada's languages (and related cultures) as well as its proximity to the United States.  Irving states that such cultural dualism means that only some of the population responds to the mass media in English, while the other portion remain uninfluenced by English-based media.  In terms of the proximity to the United States, he explains that "most of the difficulties that threaten the mass media in Canada are the direct outcome of American economic and cultural imperialism."  Because of the United States' overwhelming influence on Canadian mass media, Canada has not been able to form its own identity in the media.  These two factors have slowed down the process of the creation of a Canadian community.  Mass media help in forming a community through communication.  When a large group of people is in communication with one another through media, an identifiable culture is formed.  Individuals in dialectic experience a sense of membership and collective identity.
  Title: TASS
  Passage: Russian News Agency TASS (Russian: Информационное агентство России ТАСС , "Informatsionnoye agentstvo Rossii TASS" ), abbr.  TASS (Russian: ТАСС ) is a major news agency in Russia, founded in 1902.  Tass is the largest Russian news agency, and the fourth largest in the world after Reuters, the Associated Press (AP) and Agence France-Presse (AFP).
  Title: Paul Reuter
  Passage: Paul Julius Freiherr von Reuter (Baron von Reuter; 21 July 1816 – 25 February 1899) was a German-born, British entrepreneur who was a pioneer of telegraphy and news reporting.  He was a reporter and media owner, and the founder of Reuters News Agency, which became part of the Thomson Reuters conglomerate in 2008.
  Title: Associated Press of Pakistan
  Passage: Associated Press of Pakistan (APP) is a government-operated national news agency of Pakistan.  The name APP should not to be confused with Associated Press Service (APS) is a private independent Pakistani news agency and other the much larger Associated Press news agency (AP), based in New York, though it is a subscriber to both AP and Reuters, based in London.  APP has News Exchange Agreements with 37 Foreign News Agencies and more than 500 correspondents.
  Title: Knowledge gap hypothesis
  Passage: The knowledge gap hypothesis explains that knowledge, like other forms of wealth, is often differentially distributed throughout a social system.  Specifically, the hypothesis predicts that "as the infusion of mass media information into a social system increases, segments of the population with higher socioeconomic status tend to acquire this information at a faster rate than the lower status segments, so that the gap in knowledge between these segments tends to increase rather than decrease".  Phillip J. Tichenor, then Associate Professor of Journalism and Mass Communication, George A. Donohue, Professor of Sociology, and Clarice N. Olien, Instructor in Sociology – three University of Minnesota researchers – first proposed the knowledge gap hypothesis in 1970.
  Title: Ghana News Agency
  Passage: The Ghana News Agency (GNA) is the official news agency of the country of Ghana.  It was founded in 1957 by Kwame Nkrumah as part of a "network of coercive and partisan institutions," in a concerted effort to present a more favorable view of the country to the outside world and to control the flow of information nationally. " The New York Times" reported in 1964 that most of the agency's news came from Reuters (it had "only a few correspondents abroad"); the agency functioned as a gatekeeper in that it disseminated international news to the Ghanaian press, and deleted any international news critical of the Ghanaian leadership immediately, thus preventing such news from reaching the country's newspapers and radio stations.  Until the rise of the Pan African News Agency, the GNA was considered one of the most efficient news agencies in Africa, spreading what Nkrumah called the "clear ideology of the African Revolution" and contributing to "African and Ghanaian emancipation."
  Title: KosovaLive
  Passage: KosovaLive was founded in 2000 at the time when there was a growing need for an independent news agency that would be serving the flourishing media scene in Kosovo.  Initially established as a non-governmental organization, it came to light with the initiative and support of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and start-up grant provided by a consortium of donors, among which Swiss Foreign Ministry, OSI, United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through IREX, German Foreign Ministry and Press Now, just to mention the most prominent ones.  For years, the internet based news agency KosovaLive served as the main source of information for most of the leading daily newspapers and broadcasters, as well as local and international governmental and non-governmental institutions/organizations working in Kosovo.  In its second years of existence, turned into a subscription only internet based news agency, while continuing to be one of the most trusted and most widely used independent news sources.KosovaLive today is a much larger organization than at its start.  KosovaLive NGO, which continues its media related activities within its non-governmental organization mandate, has given birth to KosovaLive Media Group, which in turn houses two entities.  The first being Kosovalive 360, which is increasing its status of one of the Kosovo's most reliable news portals, and SociaLive, which provides ever increasing up to date advertising and social media markeeting.
  Title: RIA Novosti
  Passage: RIA Novosti (Russian: РИА Новости ), sometimes RIA (Russian: РИА ) for short, was Russia's international news agency until 2013 and continues to be the name of a state-operated domestic Russian-language news agency.  Operating under the purview of the Russian Ministry of Communications and Mass Media, RIA Novosti is headquartered in Moscow and operated about 80 bureaus internationally.  On 9 December 2013 President of Russia Vladimir Putin ordered RIA Novosti's liquidation and the creation of a Russian international news agency Rossiya Segodnya.  Dmitry Kiselev, an anchorman of the Russia-1 channel was appointed to be the first president of the new information agency.  RIA Novosti was scheduled to be closed down in 2014; starting in March 2014, staff were informed that they had the option of transferring their contracts to Rossiya Segodnya or accepting voluntary redundancy.  On 10 November 2014, Rossiya Segodnya launched the Sputnik multimedia platform as the international replacement of RIA Novosti and Voice of Russia.  Within Russia itself, however, Rossiya Segodnya continues to operate its Russian language news service under the name RIA Novosti with its ria.ru website.
citations: Paul Reuter Thomson Reuters