question: Which Italian poet served as a teacher to the Archduchess of Austria?
answer: Giovanni Claudio Pasquini
context: Title: Gaspara Stampa
  Passage: Gaspara Stampa (1523 – 23 April 1554) was an Italian poet.  She is considered to have been the greatest woman poet of the Italian Renaissance, and she is regarded by many as the greatest Italian woman poet of any age.
  Title: Albertino Mussato
  Passage: Albertino Mussato (1261 – 31 May 1329) was a Northern Italian statesman, poet, historian and playwright.  He is credited with providing an impetus to the revival of literary Latin, and is characterized as an early humanist.  He was influenced by his teacher, the Northern Italian poet and proto-humanist Lovato Lovati.  Mussato influenced later humanists such as Petrarch.
  Title: Giovanni Marradi
  Passage: Giovanni Marradi (1852–1922) was an Italian poet born at Livorno and educated at Pisa and Florence.  At the latter place he started with others a short-lived review, the "Nuovi Goliardi", which made some literary sensation.  He became a teacher at various colleges, and eventually an educational inspector in Massa Carrara.  He was much influenced by Carducci, and became known not only as a critic but as a charming descriptive poet, his principal volumes of verse being "Canzone moderne" (1870), "Fantasie marnie" (1881), "Canzoni e fantasie" (1853), "Ricordi lirici" (1884), "Poesie" (1887), "Nuovi canti" (1891) and "Ballati moderne" (1895).
  Title: Giovanni Claudio Pasquini
  Passage: Giovanni Claudio Pasquini (1695 – 1763) was an Italian poet and librettist.  Born in Siena, he served at the court of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor in Vienna, first as the Italian teacher to Maria Theresa and her younger sister Maria Anna, and from 1633 as the court poet.  After the death of Charles VI, he worked in the Hapsburg courts of Mannheim and Dresden before returning to Siena in 1749 where he remained for the rest of his life.  He wrote the libretti for numerous operas, including Caldara's "I disingannati", as well as courtly entertainments and oratorios.  From 1754 he devoted himself to religious life and lost his sight the following year.  He was appointed vice-rector of the University of Siena in 1758, but his last years were marked by financial worries when his nephew died and Pasquini became to the sole support of his five children.
  Title: Archduchess Eleonora of Austria
  Passage: Archduchess Eleonora of Austria (28 November 1886 – 26 May 1974) was a daughter of Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria and a first cousin of King Alphonso XIII of Spain.  She was member of the Teschen branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and an Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Bohemia, Hungary, and Tuscany by birth.  She renounced to her titles upon her morganatic marriage to Alfons Kloss, the captain of her father's yacht.  During World War II her sons served in the German army.
  Title: Archduchess Immaculata of Austria
  Passage: Archduchess Immaculata of Austria German: "Inmmaculata, Erzherzogin von Österreich-Toskana" ;(9 September 1892 – 3 September 1971) was a daughter of Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria.  She was member of the Tuscan branch of the Imperial House of Habsburg, an Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Tuscany by birth.  After the fall of the Austro Hungarian Empire, she lived in exile, first in Barcelona and from the 1930s until the end of her life in Italy.  In 1932, she married an Italian aristocrat, Igino Neri-Serneri.  The couple remained childless.
  Title: Archduchess Margaretha of Austria
  Passage: Archduchess Margaretha of Austria German: "Margaretha, Erzherzogin von Österreich-Toskana" ;(8 May 1894 – 21 January 1986) was a daughter of Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria and Infanta Blanca of Spain.  She was member of the Tuscan branch of the Imperial House of Habsburg, an Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Tuscany by birth.  After the fall of the Austro Hungary Empire, she lived in exile, first in Barcelona and from the 1930s until the end of her life in Italy.  In 1937, she married an Italian diplomat, Marchese Francesco Maria Taliani de Marchio.  The couple, who had married in their forties, did not have children.
  Title: Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (governor)
  Passage: Archduchess Maria Anna Eleanor Wilhelmina Josepha of Austria (18 September 1718 in Vienna – 16 December 1744 in Brussels) was an Archduchess of Austria and a Princess of Lorraine, the younger sister of Empress Maria Theresa, and a Governor of the Austrian Netherlands.
  Title: Giovanni Filippo Apolloni
  Passage: Giovanni Filippo Apolloni ( 1620 – 15 May 1688) was an Italian poet and librettist.  Born in Arezzo, he has sometimes been referred to as "Giovanni Apollonio Apolloni", but the second given name is spurious.  He served as the court poet to Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria at Innsbruck form 1653 until 1659.  On his return to Italy he entered the service of Cardinal Volumnio Bandinelli.  After Bandinelli's death in 1667 Appolloni was in the service of the Chigi family in Rome and Siena for the rest of his life.  He wrote the librettos for a number of operas, the most well-known of which were Antonio Cesti's "L'Argia" and "La Dori", as well as several oratorios and the texts for cantatas by both Cesti and Alessandro Stradella.
  Title: Giosuè Carducci
  Passage: Giosuè Alessandro Giuseppe Carducci (] ; 27 July 1835 – 16 February 1907) was an Italian poet and teacher.  He was very influential and was regarded as the official national poet of modern Italy.  In 1906 he became the first Italian to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature "not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces".
citations: Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (governor) Giovanni Claudio Pasquini