question: Who directed a 2001 war film that includes a character based on Tania Chernova?
answer: Jean-Jacques Annaud
context: Title: Michael Fassbender filmography
  Passage: Michael Fassbender is a German-Irish actor who made his screen debut in the 2001 war drama miniseries "Band of Brothers" as Sgt. Burton "Pat" Christenson.  Fassbender followed this with a number of television roles including a German motorcycle courier in the drama "Hearts and Bones" (2001), Guy Fawkes in the miniseries "Gunpowder, Treason & Plot" (2004), Lt. Harry Colebourn in the film "A Bear Named Winnie" (2004), and Azazeal in the series "Hex" (2004–05).  He made his film debut playing a Spartan soldier in Zack Snyder's "300" (2007).  The following year Fassbender portrayed Irish republican Bobby Sands during the events of the 1981 Irish hunger strike in Steve McQueen's historical drama "Hunger".  His performance garnered him the Best Actor award at the British Independent Film Awards, and the Irish Film and Television Awards.
  Title: To End All Wars
  Passage: To End All Wars is a 2001 war film starring Robert Carlyle, Kiefer Sutherland and Sakae Kimura and directed by David L. Cunningham.
  Title: Tania Chernova
  Passage: Tania Chernova was a Russian-American who claimed in interviews to have been a trained sniper for the Soviet forces during the Battle of Stalingrad.  However, the historian Antony Beevor has questioned the veracity of her claims and described her as a "fantasist".  A character, played by Rachel Weisz, based on Chernova, appeared in the film "Enemy at the Gates".
  Title: Enemy at the Gates
  Passage: Enemy at the Gates is a 2001 French-American war film written and directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud and based on William Craig's 1973 nonfiction book "", which describes the events surrounding the Battle of Stalingrad in the winter of 1942 and 1943.  The film's main character is a fictionalized version of sniper Vasily Zaytsev, a Hero of the Soviet Union during World War II.  It includes a snipers' duel between Zaytsev and a "Wehrmacht" sniper school director, Major Erwin König.
  Title: No Man's Land (2001 film)
  Passage: No Man's Land (Bosnian: "Ničija zemlja" ) is a 2001 war film that is set in the midst of the Bosnian war.  The film is a parable and marked the debut of Bosnian writer and director Danis Tanović.  It is a co-production among companies in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Italy, France, Belgium and the UK.  The film won the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film in 2001.
  Title: Captain Corelli's Mandolin (film)
  Passage: Captain Corelli's Mandolin is a 2001 war film directed by John Madden.  It is based on the novel "Captain Corelli's Mandolin" by Louis de Bernières.  The film pays homage to the thousands of Italian soldiers executed by German forces in Cephalonia in September 1943, and to the people of Cephalonia who were killed in the post-war earthquake.  The novel's protagonists are portrayed by actors Nicolas Cage and Penélope Cruz.
  Title: Forgotten Sins
  Passage: Forgotten Sins was a 1996 television movie based on Lawrence Wright's "New Yorker" articles and his book "Remembering Satan", which was in turn based on the actual case of Paul Ingram.  It originally aired on the ABC Network on March 7, 1996.  It starred William Devane as Dr. Richard Ofshe, "a role to which William Devane brings his customary bristling panache" wrote Dorothy Rabinowitz in the Wall Street Journal.  John Shea also starred as Matthew Bradshaw, a fictional character based on Paul Ingram.  Bess Armstrong also appeared in this film, portraying Roberta 'Bobbie' Bradshaw, a character based on Sandy Ingram. " Doogie Howser"'s Lisa Dean Ryan co-starred.
  Title: Black Hawk Down (film)
  Passage: Black Hawk Down is a 2001 war film co-produced and directed by Ridley Scott, from a screenplay by Ken Nolan.  It is based on the 1999 non-fiction book of the same name by Mark Bowden, which in turn is based on the 29-part series of articles published in "The Philadelphia Inquirer", chronicling the events of a 1993 raid in Mogadishu by the U.S. military aimed at capturing faction leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid, and the ensuing firefight, known as the Battle of Mogadishu.  The film features a large ensemble cast, including Josh Hartnett, Ewan McGregor, Eric Bana, Tom Sizemore, William Fichtner, Jason Isaacs, Tom Hardy in his feature film debut, and Sam Shepard.
  Title: Uprising (2001 film)
  Passage: Uprising is a 2001 war/drama television miniseries about the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.  The film was directed by Jon Avnet and written by Avnet and Paul Brickman.  It was filmed in multiple locations, including Bratislava, Slovakia and Innsbruck in Tyrol, Austria.  This miniseries was first aired on the NBC television network over two consecutive nights in November 2001.
  Title: White Hunter Black Heart
  Passage: White Hunter Black Heart is a 1990 American adventure drama film directed by and starring Clint Eastwood and based on the 1953 book of the same name by Peter Viertel.  Viertel also co-wrote the script with James Bridges and Burt Kennedy.  The film is a thinly disguised account of writer Peter Viertel's experiences while working on the classic 1951 film "The African Queen", which was shot on location in Africa at a time when location shoots outside of the United States for American films were very rare.  The main character, brash director John Wilson, played by Eastwood, is based on real-life director John Huston.  Jeff Fahey plays Pete Verrill, a character based on Viertel.  George Dzundza's character is based on "African Queen" producer Sam Spiegel.  Marisa Berenson's character Kay Gibson and Richard Vanstone's character Phil Duncan, are based on Katharine Hepburn and Humphrey Bogart, respectively.
citations: Tania Chernova Enemy at the Gates