question: The Guggenheim Museum SoHo was a branch of a museum that was established in what year?
answer: 1939
context: Title: Learning Through Art
  Passage: Learning Through Art is an educational program of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.  LTA pairs practicing artists with participating public elementary school classrooms throughout the five buroughs of New York City.  These resident artists spend one day a week for a period of 10 or 20 weeks working with classroom instructors to create and execute an art curriculum for the students that ties in with current Guggenheim exhibitions and supports the core curriculum learning inside of the classroom.  Participating classrooms visit the Guggenheim multiple times throughout the duration of their program, and student artwork is shown in a culminating exhibition at the Guggenheim Museum in their annual "A Year With Children" showcase.
  Title: Fulcrum Gallery
  Passage: Fulcrum Gallery (also known as "Shakespeare's Fvlcrvm" or "Fvlcrvm") was an American art gallery that opened underneath the Guggenheim Museum SoHo in New York City in January 1993, by Valerie Monroe Shakespeare.  It was designed by her husband, Tery Fugate-Wilcox, who contributed the gallery motto: "Without Art we are but Monkeys with Car Keys".  Fugate-Wilcox is credited as photographer on all of the gallery's ads, and was listed as one of the nineteen artists represented by the gallery.  The owner, Shakespeare said in an interview, that the name "Fvlcrvm", (spelled with "v's", like old Latin) came from Archimedes, "Give me a place to stand, a lever long enough and a fulcrum.  and I can move the Earth".  She said she hoped Fvlcrvm would become a "pivotal point in art history".  Fvlcrvm Gallery was founded to exhibit Actual Art exclusively and did so until the effects of the attacks of 9/11 caused the gallery to close in February 2002.
  Title: Jesse Lerner
  Passage: Jesse Lerner is a filmmaker and writer based in Los Angeles.  His documentaries include "Frontierland" (with Rubén Ortiz Torres), about the blurred Latino experience in the United States; "Ruins" (about the history of Mexican archeology and the traffic in fakes), "The Atomic Sublime" (about Abstract Expressionism and the Cold War) and "The American Egypt" (about the Mexican Revolution in Yucatán).  He directed the short films "Magnavoz" and "Natives" (with Scott Sterling).  His films were on display at the 2000 Sundance Film Festival, the Museum of Modern Art (2004, 2000, 1996, 1992), the Rotterdam International Film Festival (2011), the Guggenheim Museum in New York (2005, 1999), and the Aztlán Today exhibit at the Bronx Museum of the Arts.  His books include "F is for Phony" (with Alexandra Juhasz), a survey of faked documentaries, "The Shock of Modernity", "The Maya of Modernism" and "The Mexperimental Cinema" (with Rita Gonzalez).  He has also curated film and photography exhibitions at the National Palace of Fine Arts in Mexico City, the Guggenheim Museum, and the Robert Flaherty Seminar.
  Title: Hilla von Rebay
  Passage: Hildegard Anna Augusta Elizabeth Freiin Rebay von Ehrenwiesen, Baroness Hilla von Rebay, or simply Hilla Rebay (31 May 1890 – 27 September 1967), was an abstract artist in the early 20th century and co-founder and first director of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.  She was a key figure in advising Solomon R. Guggenheim to collect non-objective art, a collection that would later form the basis of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum collection, and she was also influential in selecting Frank Lloyd Wright to design the current Guggenheim museum, which is now known as a modernist icon in New York City.
  Title: Ushio Shinohara
  Passage: Ushio Shinohara (born 1932, Tokyo), nicknamed “Gyu-chan”, is a Japanese Neo-Dadaist artist.  His bright, large work has been exhibited internationally at institutions including the Hara Museum of Contemporary Art, Centre Georges Pompidou, the Guggenheim Museum SoHo, National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, Leo Castelli Gallery, New York, Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles and The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Seoul., The Tate Modern- World Goes Pop Exhibition.
  Title: Guggenheim Museum SoHo
  Passage: The Guggenheim Museum SoHo was a branch of the Guggenheim Museum designed by Arata Isozaki that was located at the corner of Broadway and Prince Street in Manhattan's SoHo neighborhood, New York City.  The museum opened in 1992 and closed in 2001 after hosting exhibits that included "Marc Chagall and the Jewish Theater", "Paul Klee at the Guggenheim Museum", "Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective", and "Andy Warhol: The Last Supper", which served as a key part of the museum's permanent collection.  The closing was initially hoped to be temporary, but the museum closed permanently in 2002.
  Title: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation
  Passage: The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation is a nonprofit organization founded in 1937 by philanthropist Solomon R. Guggenheim and his long-time art advisor, artist Hilla von Rebay.  The foundation is a leading institution for the collection, preservation, and research of modern and contemporary art and operates several museums around the world.  The first museum established by the foundation was The Museum of Non-Objective Painting, in New York City.  This became The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 1952, and the foundation moved the collection into its first permanent museum building, in New York City, in 1959.  The foundation next opened the Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice, Italy, in 1980.  Its international network of museums expanded in 1997 to include the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao in Bilbao, Spain, and it expects to open a new museum, Guggenheim Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates in 2017.
  Title: Terry Fugate-Wilcox
  Passage: Tery Fugate-Wilcox, (AKA Terry Fugate-Wilcox before the 1980s) (born 1944) is a minimalist and natural-process postminimalist (Actual Art)-ist painter and sculptor best known for three monumental art works in New York City and surrounding region: the LMCC-sponsored "Holland Tunnel Wall" (dismantled circa 1989), the 3-storey "Self-Watering Tetrahedrons" fountain located in Prudential's "Gateway 4" lobby until 1998, and the permanently installed 36-foot-tall "3000 A.D. Diffusion Piece" in J. Hood Wright Park overlooking the "George Washington Bridge".  The latter is the subject of a New York City official historical sign.  The artist is an NEA-laureate with creations in the collections of the Smithsonian Institution, the National Gallery of Australia, NYC Parks, and several museums.  His art at times led to tangles with the House Un-American Activities Committee, the New York City Department of Buildings, and magazine "Art in America".  He was co-organizer of the Fulcrum Gallery (AKA Fvlcrvm Gallery, AKA Shakespeare's Fvlcrvm) located in the basement of the SoHo Branch of the Guggenheim Museum until both sites closed in 2002 in part due to the economic effects arising from the September 11 attacks on SoHo and TriBeCa.
  Title: Hank Willis Thomas
  Passage: Hank Willis Thomas (born March 17, 1976 in Plainfield, New Jersey) is a conceptual artist working primarily with themes related to identity, history and popular culture.  His work has been exhibited throughout the U.S. and abroad including, the International Center of Photography, Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Musée du quai Branly, and the Cleveland Museum of Art.  Thomas’ work is in numerous public collections including the Museum of Modern Art New York, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Brooklyn Museum, the High Museum of Art and the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC, among others.  His collaborative projects include Question Bridge: Black Males, In Search Of The Truth (The Truth Booth), and For Freedoms which Thomas co-founded in 2016 as the first artist-run super PAC.  For Freedoms was recently awarded the 2017 ICP Infinity Award for New Media and Online Platform.  Thomas is also the recipient of the 2017 Soros Equality Fellowship.  Current and upcoming exhibitions include "Prospect 4: The Lotus in Spite of the Swamp" in New Orleans and "Freedom Isn’t Always Beautiful" at Savannah College of Art and Design Museum.  Thomas is a member of the Public Design Commission for the City of New York.  He received a BFA in Photography and Africana studies from New York University and a MFA/MA in Photography and Visual Criticism from the California College of Arts.  He has also received honorary doctorates from the Maryland Institute of Art and the Institute for Doctoral Studies in the Visual Arts.  Thomas lives and works in New York City.
  Title: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
  Passage: The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, often referred to as The Guggenheim, is an art museum located at 1071 Fifth Avenue on the corner of East 89th Street in the Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.  It is the permanent home of a continuously expanding collection of Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, early Modern and contemporary art and also features special exhibitions throughout the year.  The museum was established by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in 1939 as the Museum of Non-Objective Painting, under the guidance of its first director, the artist Hilla von Rebay.  It adopted its current name after the death of its founder, Solomon R. Guggenheim, in 1952.
citations: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Guggenheim Museum SoHo