question: Visual music was coined to describe the work of the artist of what nationality?
answer: Russian
context: Title: Chiaki Watanabe
  Passage: Chiaki Watanabe (as known as CHIAKI) is a visual artist and designer known for her minimal abstract visual music.  She works in live visuals, videos and motion graphics.  She studied at School of Visual Arts, New York USA.
  Title: William R. Dunlap
  Passage: William (Bill) R. Dunlap is an American artist, writer, and arts commentator on Washington, DC's flagship PBS station, WETA-TV.  With a career that has spanned more than four decades, his large scale narrative paintings and constructions concern themselves with history, allegory and the art making process.  "Hypothetical Realism" is a term Dunlap coined to describe his work in both the visual arts and fiction - "the places and things I paint and describe are not real, but they could be."  Dunlap is an avid and accomplished printmaker as well as painter, sculptor and photographer.  His work is included in collections such as the New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art, The National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC, Mississippi Museum of Art Turchin Center for the Visual Arts, Lauren Rogers Museum of Art, Ogden Museum of Southern Art , Riggs Bank, IBM Corporation, Federal Express, The Equitable Collection, Arkansas Art Center, the United States State Department, and United States Embassies throughout the world.  Dunlap is also the author of "Short Mean Fiction" (ISBN  ), published April 1, 2016 by Nautilus Press, a collection of 15 stories with excerpts from sketchbooks which read "like tales from the Old Testament rampant with sex violence and death."
  Title: William Moritz
  Passage: William Moritz (May 6, 1941 – March 12, 2004), film historian, specialized in visual music and experimental animation.  His principal published works concerned abstract filmmaker and painter Oskar Fischinger.  He also wrote extensively on other visual music artists who worked with motion pictures, including James and John Whitney and Jordan Belson; Moritz also published on German cinema, Visual Music, color organs, experimental animation, avant-garde film and the California School of Color Music.
  Title: Tarantella (film)
  Passage: Tarantella is a five-minute color, avant-garde short film created by Mary Ellen Bute, a pioneer of visual music and electronic art in experimental cinema.  With piano accompaniment by Edwin Gerschefski, "Tarantella" features rich reds and blues that Bute uses to signify a lighter mood, while her syncopated spirals, shards, lines and squiggles dance exuberantly to Gerschefski’s modern beat.  Bute produced more than a dozen short films between the 1930s and the 1950s and once described herself as a "designer of kinetic abstractions" who sought to "bring to the eyes a combination of visual forms unfolding with the … rhythmic cadences of music."  Bute’s work influenced many other filmmakers working with abstract animation during the ‘30s and ‘40s, and with experimental electronic imagery in the ‘50s.
  Title: Music without sound
  Passage: Music without sound can refer to music that falls outside the range of human hearing (typically 20 Hz–20 kHz) or to compositions, such as visual music, that are analogous to or suggestive of conventional music but in media other than sound, such as color, shape, position, motion and literature (see Discursive music below).  It is commonly taken for granted that music is wont to be performed or recorded, but some sound works simply won't fit on a disc or on stage, being either extremely discreet (like Robin Minard's "Silent Music") or incomplete (Varèse's Unfinished music).  Additionally, silence can be regarded as the via negativa of music and has induced long lasting fascination to music composers of all kinds.  A composer deals with the absence of sound as much as they deal with sounds.  Therefore, this article includes several examples of apophasis in music (like Algorithmic music or Gesture Music).
  Title: Wassily Kandinsky
  Passage: Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky ( ; Russian: Васи́лий Васи́льевич Канди́нский , "Vasiliy Vasil’yevich Kandinskiy", ] ; 4 December (16 December by the Gregorian calendar) 1866 – 13 December 1944) was a Russian painter and art theorist.
  Title: Ilya Nikkolai
  Passage: Ilya Nikkolai (born 25 September 1939 in Kiev, Ukraine) is an Australian visual music artist and architectural designer currently residing in Perth, Western Australia.  Ilya Nikkolai calls his visual music Liquid Music to distinguish it from that of other practitioners.  Liquid Music has been broadcast in Australia (Channel 31 (Australia), Melbourne and Perth and CTV Perth) and America (Harmony Channel) and on Floating Worlds , a channel featured on Joost.
  Title: Harmony Channel
  Passage: Harmony Channel is a visual music television network headquartered in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania, outside of Philadelphia.  The network specializes in delivering mood-elevating visual music experiences - music videos designed to invoke a variety positive moods.  Programming is organized into seven MoodZones.
  Title: Judith K. Zilczer
  Passage: Judith K. Zilczer is an American art historian and former museum curator.  She is known for her work with artists such as Horace Pippin, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Willem de Kooning, and Richard Lindner.  Zilczer was interested in the connections between music and art, which she described as "the mystical strain of artistic synesthesia."  She curated an exhibit titled "Visual Music: Synaesthesia in Art and Music Since 1900".  Zilczer served at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden (HMSG) in various capacities from 1974-2003.  From 1992 to 2003, she was Curator of Paintings.
  Title: Visual music
  Passage: Visual music, sometimes called colour music, refers to the use of musical structures in visual imagery, which can also include silent films or silent Lumia work.  It also refers to methods or devices which can translate sounds or music into a related visual presentation.  An expanded definition may include the translation of music to painting; this was the original definition of the term, as coined by Roger Fry in 1912 to describe the work of Wassily Kandinsky.
citations: Wassily Kandinsky Visual music