question:  Thomas Joshua Cooper is an American photographer who decends from an indigenous people of where?
answer: Southeastern Woodlands
context: Title: Indigenous people in video gaming
  Passage: Indigenous people have a long history of collaborating on the creation of video games.  It has only been with the release of Never Alone though that broad media attention has been paid to these projects.  There have been a growing number of game gatherings and community organizing around indigenous games happening in the United States and Canada.  Indigenous creators of video games have been featured in the DIGITAL MEDIA ART+CADE as part of imagineNATIVE and in "Memories of the Future/Souvenirs du futur" at SAW Video Media Art Centre in Ottawa.  Many early video games that depicted native people were often racist and perpetuated negative stereotypes (see Custer's Revenge).  Video games created by indigenous people allow the creators to self-determine how they are represented and they allow indigenous people to picture themselves in the future.
  Title: Sami people
  Passage: The Sami people (also Sámi or Saami, traditionally known in English as Lapps or Laplanders) are an indigenous Finno-Ugric people inhabiting the Arctic area of Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of far northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Kola Peninsula of Russia.  The Sami are the only indigenous people in Scandinavia that are recognized and protected under the international conventions of indigenous peoples, and are hence one of the northernmost indigenous people of Europe.  Sami ancestral lands are not well-defined.  Their traditional languages are the Sami languages and are classified as a branch of the Uralic language family.
  Title: Slavery in the Spanish New World colonies
  Passage: Slavery in the Spanish American colonies was an economic and social institution central to the operations of the Spanish Empire - it bound Africans and indigenous people to a relationship of colonial exploitation.  The Spanish colonists provided the Americas with a colonial precedent for slavery and influenced the development of modern racial ideologies, such as "limpieza de sangre".  Early on, however, opposition from the enslaved and from influential Spaniards moved the Crown to limit the bondage of indigenous people, and initiated debates that challenged the idea of slavery based on race.  Spaniards regarded some indigenous people as tribute under the "encomienda" system during the late 1400s and part of the 1500s.
  Title: Marion Ironquill Meadmore
  Passage: Marion Ironquill Meadmore (born 1936) Ojibwa-Cree Canadian was the first woman of the First Nations to attain a law degree in Canada.  She founded the first Indian and Métis Friendship Centre in Canada to assist indigenous people who had relocated to urban areas with adjustments to their new communities.  She edited the native newspaper "The Prairie Call", bringing cultural events as well as socio-economic challenges into discussion for native communities.  She was the only woman on the Temporary Committee of the National Indian Council, which would later become the Assembly of First Nations, and would become the secretary-treasurer of the organization when it was formalized.  She was one of the women involved in the launch of the Kinew Housing project, to bring affordable, safe housing to indigenous urban dwellers and a founder of the Indigenous Bar Association of Canada.  She has received the Order of Canada as well as many other honors for her activism on behalf of indigenous people.  She was a founder and currently serves on the National Indigenous Council of Elders.
  Title: Indigenous peoples in Venezuela
  Passage: Indigenous peoples in Venezuela, or Native Venezuelans, form about 2% of the total population of Venezuela, although many Venezuelans share some indigenous ancestry.  Indigenous peoples are concentrated in the southern Amazon rainforest state of Amazonas, where they make up nearly 50% of the population, and in the Andes of the western state of Zulia.  The most numerous indigenous people, at about 200,000, is the Venezuelan part of the Wayuu (or Guajiro) people who primarily live in Zulia between Lake Maracaibo and the Colombian border.  Another 100,000 or so indigenous people live in the sparsely populated southeastern states of Amazonas, Bolívar, and Delta Amacuro.  There are at least 26 indigenous groups in Venezuela, including the Ya̧nomamö, Pemon, Warao people, Baniwa people, Kali'na people, Motilone Barí, Ye'kuana, and Yaruro.
  Title: Cherokee
  Passage: The Cherokee ( ; Cherokee: ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ , "Aniyvwiyaʔi " or Cherokee: ᏣᎳᎩ , "Tsalagi " ) are an indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands.  Prior to the 18th century, they were concentrated in southwestern North Carolina, southeastern Tennessee, and the tips of western South Carolina and northeastern Georgia.  The Cherokee language is a Southern Iroquoian language and part of the Iroquoian language family.  Today there are three federally recognized Cherokee tribes: the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians in North Carolina, the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma, and the Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma.
  Title: Thomas Joshua Cooper
  Passage: Thomas Joshua Cooper (born 1946, San Francisco) is an American photographer of Cherokee descent.  He is considered amongst the premier contemporary landscape photographers.
  Title: Indigenous peoples of Yukon
  Passage: The indigenous peoples of Yukon were the sole inhabitants of the Arctic coastal territories prior to arrival of Europeans.  The indigenous people of Yukon are part of the Aboriginal people of Canada.  Traditionally, the Yukon indigenous peoples are hunters and gatherers with close connections to the land, the rivers and the seasons.  Their history is recorded and passed down generations in an oral tradition.  European contact brought many changes to the indigenous people of Yukon including land loss and non-traditional governance and education.  However, the Yukon indigenous peoples continue their connections with the land in seasonal wage labour such as fishing and trapping.  In Yukon First Nation organisations the people are aim for maintenance and development of indigenous education, language, culture, spirituality and Aboriginal rights.
  Title: Kedatuan of Dapitan
  Passage: The Kedatuan of Dapitan was an ancient Philippine polity once based at Bohol at Tagbilaran Strait.  Bohol's first indigenous people settled in the Anda peninsula.  These people came from northeast Mindanao.  These people were responsible for the Anda petrographs which are one of the most important indigenous rock writing in the country.  Around the 12th century, a group of people from Northern Mindanao settled in the strait between mainland Bohol and the island of Panglao.  Those people came from a nation in northern Mindanao called Lutao (probably the animist kingdom of what will soon be the Islamic Lanao).  Those people established the Kedatuan of Dapitan in western Bohol because the true indigenous people of Bohol in the Anda peninsula and nearby areas were not open to them, forcing them to establish settlement in the western part of the island.  The kedatuan was first built with hardwood on the soft seabed.  It engaged it trade with nearby areas and some Chinese merchants.  The Jesuit Alcina tells tales about a rich nation he called the 'Venice of the Visayas', pointing to the Kedatuan of Dapitan at that time.  The Jesuit also tells of a princess named Bugbung Hamusanum, whose beauty caused her suitor, Datu Sumangga, to raid parts of southern China to win her hand.  By 1563, before the full Spanish colonization agenda came to Bohol, the Kedatuan of Dapitan was at war with the Sultanate of Ternate in the Moluccas (who were also raiding the Rajahnate of Butuan).  At the time, Dapitan was ruled by two brothers named Dalisan and Pagbuaya.  The Ternateans at the time were allied to the Portuguese.  Dapitan was destroyed and Datu Dalisan was killed in battle.  His brother, Datu Pagbuaya, together with his people fled back to Mindanao and established a new Dapitan in the northern coast of the Zamboanga peninsula.  The new Dapitan eventually was incorporated by the Spanish.  Pagbuaya's son, Manooc was among those who sided with the Spanish.  He converted to Christianity and aided the Spaniards in the conquest of Islamic Manila and the Camarines area in Luzon.  The people of Dapitan also assisted the Spanish in the conquest of Northern Mindanao.  Eventually, the Dapitans took their vengeance against the Ternateans when Manooc's cousin, Laria, guided the Spanish in their invasion of the Moluccas (Ternate).
  Title: Indigenous feminism
  Passage: Indigenous feminism is a theory and practice of feminism that seeks sovereignty for Indigenous people.  This branch of feminism explains the oppression of Indigenous people as the result of a racist, patriarchal colonization.  It is a branch of feminist theory that developed out of a need to define the complexities Indigenous women face as a result of the intersections of race, ethnicity, and gender.  Indigenous feminism has grown from postcolonial feminism as it acknowledges the devastating consequences of colonization on Indigenous peoples, and the importance of decolonization in dismantling oppressive systems.  Indigenous feminism may go by other (geographically specific) names such as: Native American feminism and Tribal feminism in the United States and Canada, or Aboriginal feminism in Australia, but each of these regionally-adapted terms fall under the broad rubric of Indigenous feminism.  Differentiating between mainstream white feminism and/or liberal feminism and Indigenous feminism is important because "white feminist tend to focus on gender oppression, and overlook racial issues."  The term Indigenous feminism can refer to either to the academic or activist aspect of this practice "that both address sexism and promotes indigenous sovereignty."
citations: Thomas Joshua Cooper Cherokee