question: Magyar Etüdök, is a collection of three studies by which Hungarian composer of contemporary classical music, born in 1923 ?
answer: György Sándor Ligeti
context: Title: The Friendly Guide to Music
  Passage: The Friendly Guide to Music is a 'beginner's guide' to classical music, voiced by English actor and presenter Tony Robinson.  It covers the period from early music, Medieval and Renaissance music, to the modern era, 20th-century classical music, contemporary classical music, and 21st-century classical music, and its objective is to create a guide to music that is not needlessly complex.
  Title: Osor Musical Evenings
  Passage: Osor Musical Evenings (Croatian: "Osorske glazbene večeri" ) is a Croatian classical music festival that takes place in the historical town of Osor, on the island of Cres in the Kvarner Gulf.  The festival was founded in 1976 by Daniel Marušić, a renowned Croatian TV and Opera director, who was its artistic and executive director until his death in 2009.  The original idea behind the festival was to revive Osor during the summer, and to create a festival dedicated mostly to works by historical and contemporary Croatian composers.  Although in the first decades festival held conferences, theater and opera productions and art exhibitions, today Osor Musical Evenings are oriented exclusively to musical programs, including classical and Contemporary classical music, and occasionally Early music and electronical music.  The main concert hall is the late-15th century church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary (the former cathedral of Osor), while other concert spaces are used, such as the main square in Osor and archeological site of St Peter church.  For their outstanding contribution in the field of classical music in Croatia, the festival was declared national in 2011.  The top notch musicians over the last several years include L'Arpeggiata and Christina Pluhar, Giovanni Sollima, Diana Haller, Renata Pokupić, Aleksandar Marković among others.
  Title: Róbert Gulya
  Passage: Róbert Gulya (born 10 November 1973) is a Hungarian composer.  He composes contemporary classical music as well as film scores.
  Title: Les Percussions de Strasbourg
  Passage: Les Percussions de Strasbourg is a contemporary classical music percussion ensemble made up of six percussionists.  Founded in 1962, the ensemble is still performing and commissioning music.  The current lineup has played together for 15 years.  Their discography includes two albums for Limelight Records.  They have premiered over 250 works of contemporary classical music, including Iannis Xenakis's "Pléïades", "Inventions" by Miloslav Kabeláč and Karlheinz Stockhausen's "Musik im Bauch".  One of their members was Pierre Moerlen.
  Title: Conductorless orchestra
  Passage: The conductorless orchestra, sometimes referred to as a self-conducted orchestra or unconducted orchestra, is an instrumental ensemble that functions as an orchestra but is not led or directed by a conductor.  Most conductorless orchestras are smaller in size, and generally perform chamber orchestra repertoire.  Several conductorless orchestras are made up of only strings and focus primarily on string orchestra repertoire.  Conductorless orchestras generally come from the classical music tradition and perform standard repertoire, but many conductorless orchestras promote or specialise in contemporary classical music repertoire.  Many contemporary classical music ensembles also regularly perform without a conductor.
  Title: György Ligeti
  Passage: György Sándor Ligeti ( ; Hungarian: "Ligeti György Sándor" , ] ; 28 May 1923 – 12 June 2006) was a Hungarian composer of contemporary classical music.  He has been described as "one of the most important avant-garde composers in the latter half of the twentieth century" and "one of the most innovative and influential among progressive figures of his time".
  Title: Magyar Etüdök
  Passage: Magyar Etüdök (Hungarian: "Hungarian Études" ) is a collection of three studies by György Ligeti.  It is scored for 16 voices and was finished in 1983.  It was Ligeti's first vocal composition based on Hungarian poems after a 30-year break.
  Title: List of classical music festivals
  Passage: The following is an incomplete list of classical music festivals, which encapsulates music festivals focused on classical music.  Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music (both liturgical and secular), and has long been played at festival-like settings.  It encompasses a broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day.  The major time divisions of classical music are as follows: the early music period, which includes the Medieval (500–1400) and the Renaissance (1400–1600) era, played at early music festivals; the common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1830), and Romantic eras (1804–1910), which included opera festivals and choral festivals; and the 20th century (1901–2000) which includes the modern (1890–1930) that overlaps from the late 19th-century, the high modern (mid 20th-century), and contemporary classical music festivals or postmodern (1975–2000) eras, the last of which overlaps into the 21st-century.  The term "classical music" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven as a golden age.
  Title: Chord (music)
  Passage: A chord, in music, is any harmonic set of pitches consisting of two or more (usually three) notes (also called "pitches") that are heard as if sounding simultaneously.  Chords and sequences of chords are frequently used in modern West African and Oceanic music, Western classical music, and Western popular music; yet, they are absent from the music of many other parts of the world.  In tonal Western classical music (music with a tonic key or "home key"), the most frequently encountered chords are triads, so called because they consist of three distinct notes: the root note, and Intervals of a third and a fifth above the root note.  Other chords with more than three notes include added tone chords, extended chords and tone clusters, which are used in contemporary classical music, jazz and other genres.
  Title: Next Mushroom Promotion
  Passage: Next Mushroom Promotion is a contemporary classical music ensemble founded by composer Tomoko Fukaui in 2001.  The purpose of the group is to promote and revitalize contemporary classical /chamber music outside of the Tokyo metropolitan area.  Along with founding members composer Motoharo Kawashima and clarinetist Nozomi Ueda, Next Mushroom Promotion mainly performs and work with musicians in the Kansai region of Japan (Kyoto, Osaka, Hyogo).  In 2014, the group was invited to represent Japan at the Festival Internacional Cervantino in Mexico.
citations: György Ligeti Magyar Etüdök