question: What breeds were used in developing Jafrak Philippe Olivier?
answer: Great Dane, the Bouvier des Flandres, and the German Pinscher
context: Title: Lucien Olivier
  Passage: Lucien Olivier (Russian: Люсьен Оливье ) (1838–14 November 1883) was a chef of Belgian and French descent, and owner of Hermitage restaurant in the center of Moscow, Russian Empire, in the early 1860s.  Olivier is known for the creation of Olivier salad, also known as "Russian salad".  The secret of the recipe was not disclosed until his death.  Lucien Olivier died in Moscow at age 45 in 1883 and was buried at Vvedenskoye Cemetery.  He carried the secret of his recipe with him to his tomb, which was lost until 2008.  The current salad has numerous variations which are a mixture of every component Olivier used to add to his famous dish as well as ingredients that he did not use himself, with a mayonnaise dressing.
  Title: Rare Breeds Canada
  Passage: Rare Breeds Canada (RBC) is a Canadian non-profit organization dedicated to preserving rare breeds of Canadian livestock.  The organization was founded in 1987.  It focuses on the rare breeds of livestock originating in Canada, including varieties of horses, sheep, pigs, chickens and cows.  RBC publishes a Rare Breeds Priority List that separates livestock breeds into "critical", "endangered", "vulnerable", "at risk" and "recovering" categories.  To assist with the preservation of these breeds, RBC coordinates a breeding program which uses host farms to manage small breeding groups which are used to build new flocks of animals.  As the new groups are created, animals are selected for breeding and moved to new host farms, where the process is repeated.  With the continuous selection of breeding stock and expansion of the host farm program, the goal is to prevent rare livestock breeds, especially those native to Canada, from going extinct.  RBC works closely with The Livestock Conservancy, a similar organization in the United States, to preserve and promote breeds that have populations in the US and Canada.  In June 2011, RBC moved their head offices to Notre-Dame-de-l’Île-Perrot, Quebec.
  Title: Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources
  Passage: Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources is a strategy wherein samples of animal genetic materials are preserved cryogenically.  Animal genetic resources, as defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, are "those animal species that are used, or may be used, for the production of food and agriculture, and the populations within each of them.  These populations within each species can be classified as wild and feral populations, landraces and primary populations, standardised breeds, selected lines, varieties, strains and any conserved genetic material; all of which are currently categorized as Breeds."  Genetic materials that are typically cryogenically preserved include sperm, oocytes, embryos and somatic cells.  Cryogenic facilities are called gene banks and can vary greatly in size usually according to the economic resources available.  They must be able to facilitate germplasm collection, processing, freezing, and long term storage, all in a hygienic and organized manner.  Gene banks must maintain a precise database and make information and genetic resources accessible to properly facilitate cryoconservation.  Cryoconservation is an "ex situ" conservation strategy that often coexists alongside "in situ" conservation to protect and preserve livestock genetics.  Cryoconservation of livestock genetic resources is primarily done in order to preserve the genetics of populations of interest, such as indigenous breeds, also known as local or minor breeds.  Material may be stored because individuals shared specific genes and phenotypes that may be of value or have potential value for researchers or breeders.  Therefore, one of the main goals remains preserving the gene pool of local breeds that may be threatened.  Indigenous livestock genetics are commonly threatened by factors such as globalization, modernization, changes in production systems, inappropriate introduction of major breeds, genetic drift, inbreeding, crossbreeding, climate change, natural disasters, disease, cultural changes, and urbanization.  Indigenous livestock are critical to sustainable agricultural development and food security, due to their: adaptation to environment and endemic diseases, indispensable part in local production systems, social and cultural significance, and importance to local rural economies.  The genetic resources of minor breeds have value to the local farmers, consumers of the products, private companies and investors interested in crossbreeding, breed associations, governments, those conducting research and development, and non-governmental organizations.  Therefore, efforts have been made by national governments and non-governmental organizations, such as the Livestock Conservancy, to encourage conservation of livestock genetics through cryoconservation, as well as through other "ex situ" and "in situ" strategies.  Cryogenic specimens of livestock genetic resources can be preserved and used for extended periods of time.  This advantage makes cryoconservation beneficial particularly for threatened breeds who have low breed populations.  Cryogenically preserved specimens can be used to revive breeds that are endangered or extinct, for breed improvement, crossbreeding, research and development.  However, cryoconservation can be an expensive strategy and requires long term hygienic and economic commitment for germplasms to remain viable.  Cryoconservation can also face unique challenges based on the species, as some species have a reduced survival rate of frozen germplasm.
  Title: Ardennes horse
  Passage: The Ardennes or Ardennais is one of the oldest breeds of draft horse, and originates from the Ardennes area in Belgium, Luxembourg and France.  They are heavy-boned with thick legs and are used for draft work.  The Ardennes is found in many colors, although black horses are very rare and are not allowed to be registered with the breed registry.  Their history reaches back to Ancient Rome, and throughout the years blood from several other breeds has been added to the Ardennes, although only the Belgian breed had any significant impact.  The first Ardennes were imported to the United States in the early 20th century, and the first breed registry was established in Europe in 1929.  The horses have been used throughout history as war horses, both as cavalry mounts and to draw artillery, and are used today mainly for heavy draft and farm work, meat production and competitive driving events.  They have also been used to influence or create several other horse breeds throughout Europe and Asia.
  Title: Jafrak Philippe Olivier
  Passage: Ch.  Jafrak Philippe Olivier, also known as Philip, was a male Giant Schnauzer who won the title of Best In Show at Crufts in 2008.  He had previously won the Working Group in 2004 and 2005.
  Title: Plush Lop
  Passage: Plush Lops are a relatively new rabbit breed.  They come in two sizes - Miniature and Standard.  Miniature Plush Lops were the first to be developed.  Devie D'anniballe began creating this breed in 1995 in the United States.  She succeeded in developing them by combining the previously existing breeds of Holland Lop, Mini Rex, and Mini Lop.  Her aim was to create the perfect pet by retaining the good qualities of these breeds, while "breeding out" all the problems existing in these breeds.
  Title: Black Session: Yann Tiersen
  Passage: Black Session: Yann Tiersen is the first live album of French avant-garde musician and composer Yann Tiersen.  The live album was recorded by France International on 2 December 1998 as the opening act of the Rencontres Trans Musicales in the Salle Serreau at the Théâtre National de Bretagne in Rennes, for the "C'est Lenoir" show broadcast on the French public radio station France Inter.  It was subsequently mastered by Radio France, and released in CD format one year later on 2 November 1999.  The album features Tiersen with Claire Pichet, Dominique A, Northern Irish singer, songwriter, and frontman of the chamber pop group The Divine Comedy Neil Hannon, singer and songwriter Bertrand Cantat of Noir Désir, singer and illustrator Françoiz Breut, anglophone French rock band The Married Monk (Christian Quermalet, Philippe Lebruman, Etienne Jaumet, Nicolas Courret), French folk rock group Têtes Raides (Christian Olivier, Grègoire Simon, Pascal Olivier, Anne-Gaëlle Bisquay, Serge Bégout, Jean-Luc Millot, and Edith Bégou), the string quartet Quatuor à cordes, guitarist and composer Olivier Mellano, and author Mathieu Boogaerts.
  Title: List of horse breeds
  Passage: This page is a list of horse and pony breeds, and also includes terms for types of horse that are not breeds but are commonly mistaken for breeds.  While there is no scientifically accepted definition of the term "breed", a breed is defined generally as having distinct true-breeding characteristics over a number of generations.  Its members may be called "purebred".  In most cases, bloodlines of horse breeds are recorded with a breed registry.  The concept is somewhat flexible in horses, as open stud books are created for developing horse breeds that are not yet fully true-breeding.
  Title: Asturian Valley cattle
  Passage: Asturian Valley cattle originate from the valleys of Asturias, Spain.  They are mostly raised in the northern coastal areas on the Bay of Biscay and the river valleys at the foot of the Cordillera Cantábrica mountain range.  This breed belongs to an exclusive bovine group in Spain known as the "tronco Cantábrico" ('Cantabric trunk') that only includes breeds native to northern Spain; it also includes the Asturian Valley cattle.  of all those breeds, Asturian Valley maintain the largest number.  Traditionally the cattle were used for milk, meat, and work.  Since other milk breeds have been introduced to Spain, their prominence has declined in the dairy industry.  They remain one of three breeds that may be used to produce Casín cheese.
  Title: Giant Schnauzer
  Passage: The Giant Schnauzer is a working breed of dog developed in the 17th century in Germany.  It is the largest of the three breeds of Schnauzerthe other two breeds being the Standard Schnauzer and the Miniature Schnauzer.  Numerous breeds were used in its development, including the black Great Dane, the Bouvier des Flandres, and the German Pinscher.  Originally bred to assist on farms by driving livestock to market and guarding the farmer's property, the breed eventually moved into the city, where it worked guarding breweries, butchers' shops, stockyards and factories.  It was unknown outside of Bavaria until it became popular as a military dog during World War I and World War II.
citations: Jafrak Philippe Olivier Giant Schnauzer