question: What year did the author, who published a criticism of Shakespeare's plays in 1817, die?
answer: 1830
context: Title: Shakespeare's Kings
  Passage: Shakespeare's Kings: the Great Plays and the History of England in the Middle Ages: 1337–1485 (1999) ISBN  is a non-fiction book by John Julius Norwich.  Lord Norwich is a British historian, author and peer.  The book was published by Penguin Group in Great Britain.  The intent of the book is to provide historical context behind nine of Shakespeare's histories, allowing for the fact that, as an artist, Shakespeare's purpose was dramatic impact more than absolute historical accuracy.  The nine plays span a period of approximately 150 years of British history.  Norwich seeks to address the real people and real events behind the histories and identify, as much as possible, where the plays and the facts coincide and where they may differ.  Norwich addresses the plays in chronological order, while Shakespeare composed them in a much more random sequence.  Norwich's book covers the history relating to the following plays:
  Title: William Hazlitt
  Passage: William Hazlitt (10 April 1778 – 18 September 1830) was an English writer, drama and literary critic, painter, social commentator, and philosopher.  He is now considered one of the greatest critics and essayists in the history of the English language, placed in the company of Samuel Johnson and George Orwell.  He is also acknowledged as the finest art critic of his age.  Despite his high standing among historians of literature and art, his work is currently little read and mostly out of print.
  Title: Diana Primrose
  Passage: Diana Primrose ("floruit" 1630) was the author of a eulogy to the deceased Queen Elizabeth published as "A Chaine of Pearle, Or a Memoriall of the peerles Graces, and Heroick Vertues of Queene Elizabeth of Glorious Memory.  Composed by the Noble Lady, Diana Primrose" (London, 1630).  It is thought that this piece was written not only as a tribute to the 45-year reign of Elizabeth but as a criticism of the sometimes hot-headed King James, as well as a social criticism.  The "Chaine" itself is made up of ten "Pearles" or short poems detailing virtues found in Elizabeth; some of these Pearles however are not qualities directly attributed to Elizabeth and thus it is considered that they may present a criticism of the then current ruler.
  Title: Characters of Shakespear's Plays
  Passage: Characters of Shakespear's Plays is an 1817 book of criticism of Shakespeare's plays, written by early nineteenth century English essayist and literary critic William Hazlitt.  Composed in reaction to the neoclassical approach to Shakespeare's plays typified by Samuel Johnson, it was among the first English-language studies of Shakespeare's plays to follow the manner of German critic August Wilhelm Schlegel, and, with the work of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, paved the way for the increased appreciation of Shakespeare's genius that was characteristic of later nineteenth-century criticism.  It was also the first book to cover all of Shakespeare's plays, intended as a guide for the general reader.
  Title: New Cambridge Shakespeare
  Passage: The New Cambridge Shakespeare is a series of critical editions of the plays of William Shakespeare published by Cambridge University Press.  The series began in 1984, and several editions were published each year, so that today, all of Shakespeare's plays and poems are available in the series.  The series was designed to replace the New Shakespeare series, published by Cambridge in the early twentieth century.
  Title: David Ferdinand Koreff
  Passage: David Ferdinand Koreff (1 February 1783 – 15 May 1851) was a German physician who was a personal doctor of Staatskanzler Karl August von Hardenberg and occupied one of the two chairs for animal magnetism created in 1817 at the University of Berlin.  A personal friend of E.T.A. Hoffmann and a member of his literary club The Serapion Brethren(Serapionsbrüder), Koreff authored a treatise “Über die Erscheinungen des Lebens und über die Gesetze, nach denen es im menschlichen Organismus sich offenbart” and a volume of lyric poetry "Lyrische Gedichte" (published in Paris in 1815).
  Title: Konstantin Aksakov
  Passage: Konstantin Sergeyevich Aksakov (Russian: Константи́н Серге́евич Акса́ков ) (10 April 1817, Novo-Aksakov, Orenburg Governorate – 19 December 1860, Zakynthos, US of the Ionian Islands) was a Russian critic and writer, one of the earliest and most notable Slavophiles.  He wrote plays, social criticism, and histories of the ancient Russian social order.  His father Sergey Aksakov and his sister Vera Askakova were writers, and his younger brother, Ivan Aksakov, was a journalist.
  Title: Shakespearean tragedy
  Passage: Shakespearean tragedy is the designation given to most tragedies written by playwright William Shakespeare.  Many of his history plays share the qualifiers of a Shakespearean tragedy, but because they are based on real figures throughout the History of England, they were classified as "histories" in the First Folio.  The Roman tragedies—"Julius Caesar", "Antony and Cleopatra" and "Coriolanus"—are also based on historical figures, but because their source stories were foreign and ancient they are almost always classified as tragedies rather than histories.  Shakespeare's romances (tragicomic plays) were written late in his career and published originally as either tragedy or comedy.  They share some elements of tragedy featuring a high status central character but end happily like Shakespearean comedies.  Several hundred years after Shakespeare's death, scholar F.S. Boas also coined a fifth category, the "problem play," for plays that don't fit neatly into a single classification because of their subject matter, setting, or ending.  The classifications of certain Shakespeare plays are still debated among scholars.
  Title: Oregon Shakespeare Festival
  Passage: The Oregon Shakespeare Festival (OSF) is a regional repertory theatre in Ashland, Oregon, United States.  Each year, the festival produces eleven plays on three stages during a season that lasts from mid-February to early November.  From its inception in 1935 through the end of the 2016 season (excepting the war years 1941–1946) the Festival has presented all 37 of Shakespeare's plays a total of 308 times and beginning in 1960, 341 non-Shakespeare plays for a total of over 30,000 performances.  It has completed the complete Shakespeare canon of 37 plays in 1958, 1978, 1997, and 2016.  The Festival welcomed its millionth visitor in 1971, its 10-millionth in 2001, and its 20-millionth visitor in 2015.  A complete list by year and theater is available at the "Main article:" Production history of the Oregon Shakespeare Festival.
  Title: The Philadelphia Shakespeare Festival
  Passage: The Philadelphia Shakespeare Festival is an annual Shakespearean theatre festival in Philadelphia.  Every year, The Festival produces two or three productions of Shakespeare's plays.  Starting out as the Red Heel Theatre in 1989, and changing name and purpose in 1993, The Philadelphia Shakespeare Festival is now the region’s only theatre devoted entirely to Shakespeare’s works.  In 2008/9, they engaged in intensive planning with the board of directors and cultural and community leaders and decided to re-brand and rename the company to better reflect their programming.  The Philadelphia Shakespeare Theatre now has several programs for adults and students including a lecture series featuring world-renowned Shakespeare scholars, Shakespeare School Tour which also tours in schools, and a Classical Acting Academy providing early career actors with intense classical training culminating in a free summer Shakespeare play for the public.
citations: Characters of Shakespear's Plays William Hazlitt