The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula was proposed by an American physicist who received a Nobel Prize in what year?
1969
Title: Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
Passage: The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula (sometimes known as the NNG formula) relates the baryon number "B", the strangeness "S", the isospin "I" of quarks and hadrons to the electric charge "Q".  It was originally given by Kazuhiko Nishijima and Tadao Nakano in 1953, and led to the proposal of strangeness as a concept, which Nishijima originally called "eta-charge" after the eta meson.  Murray Gell-Mann proposed the formula independently in 1956.  The modern version of the formula relates all flavour quantum numbers (isospin up and down, strangeness, charm, bottomness, and topness) with the baryon number and the electric charge.
Title: Murray Gell-Mann
Passage: Murray Gell-Mann ( ; born September 15, 1929) is an American physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles.  He is the Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus at the California Institute of Technology, a Distinguished Fellow and co-founder of the Santa Fe Institute, Professor in the Physics and Astronomy Department of the University of New Mexico, and the Presidential Professor of Physics and Medicine at the University of Southern California.
Title: Ada Yonath
Passage: Ada E. Yonath (Hebrew: עדה יונת‎ ‎ , ] ) (born 22 June 1939) is an Israeli crystallographer best known for her pioneering work on the structure of the ribosome.  She is the current director of the Helen and Milton A. Kimmelman Center for Biomolecular Structure and Assembly of the Weizmann Institute of Science.  In 2009, she received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas A. Steitz for her studies on the structure and function of the ribosome, becoming the first Israeli woman to win the Nobel Prize out of ten Israeli Nobel laureates, the first woman from the Middle East to win a Nobel prize in the sciences, and the first woman in 45 years to win the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.  However, she said herself that there was nothing special about a woman winning the Prize.
Murray Gell-Mann Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula