Who ordered Jewish people to be sent to Nazi concentration camps as described in the book The Lost Childhood, in March 1933?
Hitler
Title: International Holocaust Remembrance Day
Passage: International Holocaust Remembrance Day, is an international memorial day on 27 January commemorating the tragedy of the Holocaust that occurred during the Second World War.  It commemorates the genocide that resulted in the death of an estimated 6 million Jewish people, 200,000 Romani people, 250,000 mentally and physically disabled people, and 9,000 homosexual men by the Nazi regime and its collaborators.  It was designated by the United Nations General Assembly resolution 60/7 on 1 November 2005 during the 42nd plenary session.  The resolution came after a special session was held earlier that year on 24 January 2005 during which the United Nations General Assembly marked the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi concentration camps and the end of the Holocaust.
Title: The Lost Childhood (Yehuda Nir)
Passage: The Lost Childhood is a memoir written by Holocaust survivor Yehuda Nir.  Born in 1930, Nir was only nine years old when his father was killed by German soldiers in a mass execution of Jewish men from his hometown, Lwow, in 1941.  The story is based on the cunning survival of Nir, his mother and his older sister Lala during six years of his life throughout World War II.  With the aid of false documents, a family's will to survive, and despite his loss of innocence, his family managed to escape the cruelty of Nazi concentration camps and potential execution.  He and his family "hid" in the open, pretending to be people they were not (Poles), practicing a faith that they did not believe in (Catholicism), and working tireless jobs (for German employers in occupied Warsaw), struggling to conceal the pain they felt when their people were murdered before their eyes; and fearful of being identified.  Amidst all the turmoil was a boy trying to make sense of his world, his body, and his place as a human being on Earth.
Title: Death marches (Holocaust)
Passage: Death marches (Todesmärsche in German) refer to the forcible movements of prisoners in Nazi Germany.  They occurred at various points during the Holocaust, including in 1939 in the Lublin province of Poland, in 1942 in Ukraine, and between Autumn 1944 and late April 1945 from Nazi concentration camps and prisoner of war camps near the front, to camps inside Germany away from front lines and Allied forces to remove evidence from concentration camps and to prevent the repatriation of prisoners of war.
Title: List of Nazi concentration camps
Passage: This article presents a partial list of the most prominent Nazi German concentration camps set up across Europe during the course of World War II and the ensuing Holocaust.  A more complete list drawn up in 1967 by the German Ministry of Justice names about 1,200 camps and subcamps in countries occupied by Germany, while the Jewish Virtual Library writes: "It is estimated that the Germans established 15,000 camps in the occupied countries."  The concentration camps are not to be confused with the extermination camps which were designed and built exclusively to kill prisoners on a massive scale immediately upon arrival.  The extermination camps of Operation Reinhard such as Belzec, Sobibór and Treblinka served as "death factories" in which German SS and police murdered nearly 2,700,000 Jews either by asphyxiation with poison gas or by shooting.  Meanwhile, the concentration camps listed herein served primarily as detention and slave labor exploitation centers.  Most of them were destroyed by the Germans in an attempt to hide the evidence of war crimes and crimes against humanity; nevertheless tens of thousands of prisoners sent on death marches were liberated by the Allies afterward.
Title: Language of Nazi concentration camps
Passage: Language of Nazi concentration camps refers to a common stratum created in various languages of inmates of Nazi concentration camps that described the notions unique to life in the camps and served as "lingua franca".
Title: Female guards in Nazi concentration camps
Passage: The "Aufseherinnen" were female guards in Nazi concentration camps during the Holocaust.  Of the 55,000 guards who served in Nazi concentration camps, about 3,700 were women.  In 1942, the first female guards arrived at Auschwitz and Majdanek from Ravensbrück.  The year after, the Nazis began conscripting women because of a guard shortage.
Title: The Malicious Practices Act 1933
Passage: The Malicious Practices Act ("Verordnung zur Abwehr heimtückischer Diskreditierung der nationalen Regierung") was passed on 21 March 1933 in Nazi Germany.  It was part of a series of events that occurred within 1933, which marked the brutality and resilience of the Nazi party.  From here on life for thousands of Germans would be controlled and monitored for those dubbed as ‘social outcasts’.  Not only were many killed; others were forced into Nazi concentration camps in order to allow the German economy to flourish and eradicate opposition to the Nazi Party.  The Act in particular portrayed some of the Nazis' key political and philosophical policies.
Title: Tadeusz Debski
Passage: Tadeusz Debski (1921–2011) was a Polish survivor of the Nazi concentration camps, and the oldest person to receive a doctorate at the University of Illinois at Chicago.  His thesis, "The Battlefield of Ideas: Nazi Concentration Camps and Their Polish Prisoners," was published in 2001 by East European Monographs and distributed by Columbia University Press.  ISBN
Title: Nazi concentration camps
Passage: Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps (German: "Konzentrationslager" , KZ or KL) throughout the territories it controlled before and during the Second World War.  The first Nazi camps were erected in Germany in March 1933 immediately after Hitler became Chancellor and his Nazi Party was given control of the police by Reich Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick and Prussian Acting Interior Minister Hermann Göring.  Used to hold and torture political opponents and union organizers, the camps initially held around 45,000 prisoners.
Title: SS-Truppenübungsplatz Heidelager
Passage: SS-Truppenübungsplatz Heidelager was a World War II SS military complex and Nazi concentration camp in Pustków and Pustków Osiedle, Poland.  The Nazi facility was built to train collaborationist military units, including the Ukrainian 14th Waffen SS Division "Galician", and units from Estonia.  This training included killing operations inside the concentration camps – most notably at the nearby Pustków and Szebnie camps – and Jewish ghettos in the vicinity of the 'Heidelager'.  The military area was situated in the triangle of the Wisła and San rivers, dominated by large forest areas.  The centre of the Heidelager was at Blizna, the location of the secret Nazi V-2 missile launch site, which was built and staffed by prisoners from the concentration camp at Pustków.
The Lost Childhood (Yehuda Nir) Nazi concentration camps