In what year was the politician who was defeated in 2008 by Shirley Breeden born?
1961
Title: Jean-Luc Moudenc
Passage: Jean-Luc Moudenc (born July 19, 1960) is a French politician who has been the mayor of Toulouse since 2014, having previously held the job from 2004 to 2008.  He was defeated for reelection in 2008 by Pierre Cohen of the Socialist Party, but in a rematch in 2014 defeated Cohen to re-take the post.  Moudenc is a member of the conservative Union for a Popular Movement party, which since 2012 has been the main opposition party in France.
Title: Joe Heck
Passage: Joseph John “Joe” Heck (born October 30, 1961) is an American politician, physician, and U.S. Army Brigadier General who had served as the U.S. Representative for Nevada's 3rd congressional district from 2011 to 2017.  Heck, a member of the Republican Party, is a board-certified physician and served as a Nevada State Senator from 2004-08.  He ran unsuccessfully against Democrat Catherine Cortez Masto in the general election for the open Nevada United States Senate seat in 2016.  In the same year, Heck made headlines by joining a long list of Republicans who opposed the GOP nominee for President, Donald Trump.
Title: John Loewen
Passage: John Loewen ( ; born December 21, 1949) is a businessman and politician in Manitoba, Canada.  He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1999 to 2005 as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, and campaigned for the Canadian House of Commons in 2006 and 2008 as a Liberal.  He is the nephew of Bill and Shirley Loewen, prominent entrepreneurs and philanthropists in Winnipeg.
Title: Ken Shirley
Passage: Kenneth Lex Shirley (born 12 August 1950), generally called Ken Shirley, is a former New Zealand politician.  He was a member of the ACT New Zealand party, although was previously a member and Cabinet minister of the Labour Party.
Title: Shirley McAlary
Passage: Shirley A. McAlary is a Canadian politician, who served as the mayor of Saint John, New Brunswick from 1995 to 2004.  She was defeated by Norm McFarlane in the 2004 municipal election.
Title: Robert Shirley (FRS)
Passage: Robert Shirley FRS (4 September 1673 – 25 February 1699 N.S.), styled Hon. Robert Shirley after 1677, was a British politician and aesthete.  An unsuccessful Parliamentary candidate for Staffordshire in 1698, he was admitted to the Royal Society the next year and died shortly thereafter.
Title: Shirley Gbujama
Passage: Madam Shirley Yema Gbujama (born 1936, as Shirley Macaulay) is a Sierra Leonean politician who served in a number of cabinet positions, including Minister for Foreign Affairs, Minister of Social Welfare, Minister of Tourism and Culture, and Minister of Gender and Children’s Affairs.  She was one of the most respected and longest-serving cabinet ministers in President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah's government.  Gbujama belongs to the Mende ethnic group.
Title: J. B. Jeyaretnam
Passage: Joshua Benjamin Jeyaretnam (5 January 1926 – 30 September 2008), more commonly known as J. B. Jeyaretnam or J.B.J., was a Singaporean politician and lawyer.  He was the leader of the Workers' Party from 1971 to 2001.  In 1981, he became the first opposition politician since Singapore's independence in 1965 to win a seat in Parliament, when he defeated Pang Kim Hin of the governing People's Action Party (PAP) in a by-election in Anson Single Member Constituency.  He was re-elected at the 1984 general election, but lost his seat in Parliament in 1986 following a conviction for falsely accounting the party's funds.  His conviction was subsequently overturned by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which called the conviction a "grievous injustice".  Jeyaretnam returned to Parliament after the 1997 general election as a Non-Constituency Member of Parliament (NCMP).  However, he was stripped of his NCMP seat in 2001 when he was declared bankrupt after failing to keep up with payments for damages owed to PAP leaders as a result of a libel suit.  He left the Workers' Party later that year.  He was discharged from bankruptcy in 2007, and founded the Reform Party in June 2008.  He died of heart failure in September 2008, three months after founding the Reform Party, which is now led by his son Kenneth Jeyaretnam.
Title: Shirley Breeden
Passage: Shirley Breeden is a Democratic member of the Nevada Senate, representing Clark County District 5 (map) since 2009.  She won her first term in 2008, when she narrowly upset incumbent Republican Joe Heck.
Title: Eric Bessell
Passage: Eric James Bessell (6 June 1923 – 10 March 1979) was an Australian politician.  Born in Launceston, Tasmania, he was a pastoralist before serving in the military 1943-1944.  He served as President of the Tasmanian Liberal Party in 1966 and 1973.  In 1974, he was elected to the Australian Senate as a Liberal Senator for Tasmania.  He was defeated in 1975 after being demoted to sixth place on the ballot paper to make way for real estate agent Brian Archer and nurse Shirley Walters.  Bessell died in 1979.
Shirley Breeden Joe Heck