Dudley Laufman is a caller in the dance style that has origins in what century?
17th century
Title: The Lockers
Passage: The Lockers (originally named The Campbell Lockers) were a dance group formed by Toni Basil and Don "Campbellock" Campbell in 1971.  Active throughout the 1970s, they were pioneers of street dance.  Don Campbell is the founder of the locking dance style, and originally, Locking was called The Campbellock - a style that was based on the dance and song that Don Campbell created.  Toni Basil met Campbell at a club in 1971 and together they formed The Lockers as a dance group.  Toni Basil also served as The Lockers' manager, and was responsible for staging the act.  All the dancers contributed steps and choreography with their unique and individual styles.  By 1975 they were "Dancing their way to stardom" on their own.  Individual members' contributions (as soloist performers) to the dance style and group image coupled with their unique presentation in staging and concept broke down many barriers.  It has been said on the reality dance competition "So You Think You Can Dance" that "The Lockers' emergence on the dance scene changed the face of dance not only for street dancers but for dance in general and has made street dance a true American art form."
Title: Contra dance
Passage: Contra dance (also contradance, contra-dance and other variant spellings) is a folk dance made up of long lines of couples.  It has mixed origins from English country dance, Scottish, French dance styles in the 17th century.  Sometimes described as New England folk dance or Appalachian folk dance, contra dances can be found around the world and have much popularity in North America and the United Kingdom where weekly or monthly dances and annual dance weekends are common.  According to the Contra Dance Links website, contra dancing can be found in all US states except for South Dakota.
Title: Acro dance
Passage: Acro dance is a style of dance that combines classical dance technique with precision acrobatic elements.  It is defined by its athletic character, its unique choreography, which seamlessly blends dance and acrobatics, and its use of acrobatics in a dance context.  It is a popular dance style in amateur competitive dance as well as in professional dance theater and in contemporary circus productions such as those by Cirque du Soleil.  This is in contrast to acrobatic, artistic and rhythmic gymnastics, which are sports that employ dance elements in a gymnastics context under the auspices of a governing gymnastics organization (such as FIG) and subject to a Code of Points.  Acro dance is known by various other names including "acrobatic dance" and "gymnastic dance", though it is most commonly referred to simply as "acro" by dancers and dance professionals.
Title: Mamela Nyamza
Passage: Mamela Nyamza is a dancer, teacher, choreographer, and activist in South Africa.  She is trained in a variety of styles of dance including ballet, modern dance, African dance, the Horton technique, Spanish dance, jazz, movement and mime, flying low technique, release technique, gumboot dance and Butoh.  Nyamza is known for blending styles in a way that challenges traditional standards.  Nyamza has performed nationally and internationally and has choreographed autobiographical, political, and social pieces both on her own and in collaboration with other artists.  She draws inspiration from her daily life and her identity as a young, black woman.  Nyamza's abstract dance style allows her to use dance as a way to share both her own personal stories as well as African stories with the world.  Additionally, she has created various community outreach projects that have helped to spread the positive influence of dance to different communities within South Africa, including the University of Stellenbosch's Project Move 1524, a group that works to educate on issues relating to HIV/AIDS, domestic violence and drug abuse, through dance movement therapy.
Title: Modern Jive
Passage: Modern Jive is a dance style derived from swing, Lindy Hop, rock and roll, salsa and others, the main innovation being to simplify the footwork - by removing syncopation such as chasse.  The term French Jive is occasionally used instead, reflecting the origins of the style.  The word "modern" distinguishes it from ballroom Jive.
Title: Morenada
Passage: The Morenada (Dance of the Black Slaves) is a music and dance style from the Bolivian Andes characterized by a mixture of African and Indigenous elements.  The origins of this dance are debated among specialists on this topic, the three main hypotheses say that the dance could have been inspired in African slaves brought to Bolivia to work in the silver mines of Potosí, another theory states that it would be inspired in the Afro-Bolivian community living in the Yungas region of La Paz, and the third main theory links this dance with the Aymara culture due to the findings of cave paintings in the Lake Titicaca shores in the Taraco peninsula.
Title: Helba Huara
Passage: Helba Huara (1900-1986) was a modern dancer from Peru.  Her exotic appearance and unique dance style, which incorporated European and Native American influences, created a sensation in the late 1920s.  Moving from Peru to the United States she became a star on Broadway in the 1927 production of "A Night in Spain".  Later she moved to Paris, and became involved in the artistic and intellectual café society.  She was renowned for her original and innovative costumes and dance style, also working as a photographer's model.
Title: Bump (dance)
Passage: The bump was dance style in 1970s.  It was introduced in 1974.  Bump , Hustle and Watergate are popular dance style in 70s.  The lyrics were "We love the bump; everybody bump; gotta do the bump."  The dance had a goal to lightly "bump" hips on every other beat of the music.  There was no need to have a partner.  The dance could become more athletic bumping Hip to hip in full knee bend up to a standing position.  Intimate, bumping hip to backside, low bending, etc.  The Bump" was played by The Commodores on "Machine Gun album.  KC & the Sunshine Band, Kenny(UK band) and many others picked up on the rhythm and "The Bump" became a worldwide dance craze in the summer of 1975.
Title: Dudley Laufman
Passage: Dudley Laufman is a renowned contra and barn dance caller and musician.  In 2009 he was made a National Heritage Fellow.
Title: Dance squad
Passage: A dance squad or dance team, sometimes called a pom squad, is a team of participants that participates in competitive dance.  In a routine, a squad will incorporate a specific dance style (i.e. hip hop, jazz, or lyrical), technical work (leaps, turns, kicks, splits, jumps), and, depending on the routine, pom-poms and/or cheers.  A pom squad slightly differs from a regular dance squad in that it uses pom-poms in all its dance routines, whilst a regular dance squad may or may not do pom work in a dance routine.  Dance teams are also popular in performance dance, especially at sporting events, most commonly performing during the pre-game and halftime periods (and, in a number of cases, on the sidelines) of football and basketball games.
Contra dance Dudley Laufman