Who drafted the Act which lead to the imprisonment and deaths of Joseph and Michael Hofer?
Hugh S. Johnson
Title: Zaur Gurbanli
Passage: Zaur Gurbanli (Azerbaijani: "Zaur Qurbanlı" , born on January 12, 1987, Baku) - is a youth activist, co-founder and ex-board member of N!DA Civic Movement from February 2011 to December 12, 2012, projects coordinator and ex-Senior official for the arrested members` rights in 2013.  He is known for his arrest on April 1, 2013 a few days after the protests held in Baku against the non-combat deaths in the military.  Zaur was accused in bogus charges as keeping illegal fire-arm and acquiring explosive substance and devices.  International human rights organization, Amnesty International recognized him as a prisoner of conscience.  He was sentenced to 8 years of imprisonment on May 6, 2014, but later was pardoned and released on December 30, 2014 after 1 year 9 months imprisonment.
Title: Fatal accident inquiry
Passage: A fatal accident inquiry is a Scottish judicial process which investigates and determines the circumstances of some deaths occurring in Scotland.  Until 2009, they did not apply to any deaths occurring in other jurisdictions, when the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 extended the Fatal Accidents and Sudden Deaths Inquiry (Scotland) Act 1976 to service personnel at the discretion of the Chief Coroner or the Secretary of State.  The equivalent process in England and Wales is an inquest.  A major review of the fatal accident inquiries was undertaken by Lord Cullen of Whitekirk, at the request of the Scottish Government, which resulted in the passing of the Inquiries into Fatal Accidents and Sudden Deaths etc. (Scotland) Act 2016.
Title: Treason Act 1795
Passage: The Treason Act 1795 (sometimes also known as the Treasonable and Seditious Practices Act) (36 Geo.  3 c. 7) was one of the Two Acts introduced by the British government in the wake of the stoning of King George III on his way to open Parliament in 1795, the other being the Seditious Meetings Act 1795.  The Act made it high treason to "within the realm or without compass, imagine, invent, devise or intend death or destruction, or any bodily harm tending to death or destruction, maim or wounding, imprisonment or restraint, of the person of ... the King".  This was derived from the Sedition Act 1661, which had expired.  The 1795 Act was originally a temporary Act which was to expire when George III died, but it was made permanent by the Treason Act 1817.
Title: Murder (Dutch law)
Passage: By Dutch law, moord ("murder") is the intentional and premeditated killing of another person.  Murder is punishable by a maximum sentence of life imprisonment, which is the longest prison sentence the law allows.  A common misconception is that the maximum sentence is 30 years (20 until 2006): this is the longest sentence that can be imposed other than life imprisonment.  Intentionally killing another person without premeditation is called "doodslag" (manslaughter) and carries a maximum sentence of fifteen years imprisonment or life imprisonment when committed in aggravated circumstances or as an act of terrorism.
Title: Uzeyir Mammadli
Passage: Uzeyir Mammadli (Azerbaijani: "Üzeyir Məmmədli" , born on August 26, 1987, Barda) is a youth activist and co-founder of N!DA Civic Movement.  He is known for his arrest on March 30, 2013 a few days after the protests held in Baku against the non-combat deaths in the military.  Mammadli is accused in preparing the riots during the protests.  International human rights organization, Amnesty International recognized him as a prisoner of conscience.  He was sentenced to 7 years of imprisonment on May 6, 2014, but later was pardoned and released on December 30, 2014 after 1 year 9 months imprisonment.
Title: Penitentiary Act
Passage: The Penitentiary Act (19 Geo.  III, c.74) was a British Act of Parliament passed in 1779 which introduced a policy of state prisons for the first time.  The Act was drafted by the prison reformer John Howard and the jurist William Blackstone and recommended imprisonment as an alternative sentence to death or transportation.
Title: Selective Service Act of 1917
Passage: The Selective Service Act or Selective Draft Act (Pub.L.  65–12 , 40 Stat.  76 , enacted  18, 1917 ) authorized the federal government to raise a national army for the American entry into World War I through the compulsory enlistment of people.  It was envisioned in December 1916 and brought to President Woodrow Wilson's attention shortly after the break in relations with Germany in February 1917.  The Act itself was drafted by then-Captain (later Brigadier General) Hugh S. Johnson after the United States entered World War I by declaring war on Germany.  The Act was canceled with the end of the war on November, 1918.  The Act was upheld by the United States Supreme Court in the "Selective Draft Law Cases" in 1918, a decision based partially on Vattel's "The Law of Nations" of 1758.
Title: Joseph and Michael Hofer
Passage: Joseph and Michael Hofer, Hutterite brothers from South Dakota, were conscientious objectors to the military draft established by the Selective Service Act of 1917.  They and two other men from their Hutterite colony were court-martialed and sentenced to twenty years in Alcatraz for refusal to comply with orders.  Joseph and Michael died after transfer to the prison at Fort Leavenworth.  Ultimately these events contributed to the emigration of Hutterites to Canada in 1918 and in subsequent years.
Title: Attempted Rape Act 1948
Passage: The Attempted Rape Act 1948 (11&12 Geo.  6 c. 19) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that increased the maximum sentence for attempted rape from 2 years imprisonment to 7 years penal servitude.  (Penal servitude was abolished later that year by the Criminal Justice Act 1948, and replaced with imprisonment.)  The Attempted Rape Act was repealed and replaced by the Sexual Offences Act 1956, which maintained the maximum sentence of 7 years imprisonment until the 1956 Act was amended by the Sexual Offences Act 1985, which increased the maximum sentence to life imprisonment.
Title: Sentence (law)
Passage: A sentence is a decree of punishment.  In law, a sentence forms the final explicit act of a judge-ruled process, and also the symbolic principal act connected to his function.  The sentence can generally involve a decree of imprisonment, a fine and/or other punishments against a defendant convicted of a crime.  Those imprisoned for multiple crimes will serve a consecutive sentence (in which the period of imprisonment equals the sum of all the sentences served sequentially, or one after the next), a concurrent sentence (in which the period of imprisonment equals the length of the longest sentence where the sentences are all served together at the same time), or somewhere in between, sometimes subject to a cap.  Additional sentences include: Intermediate or those served on the weekend (usually Fri-Sun), Determinate or a specific set amount of time (90 days) or Indeterminate which are those that have a minimum and maximum time (90 to 120 days).  If a sentence gets reduced to a less harsh punishment, then the sentence is said to have been "mitigated" or "commuted".  Rarely (depending on circumstances) murder charges are "mitigated" and reduced to manslaughter charges.  However, in certain legal systems, a defendant may be punished beyond the terms of the sentence, e.g. social stigma, loss of governmental benefits, or, collectively, the collateral consequences of criminal charges.
Joseph and Michael Hofer Selective Service Act of 1917