Who was the chief executive of the New York Stock Exchange during Black Monday, which was when stock markets around the world crashed?
John Joseph Phelan Jr.
Title: John J. Phelan Jr.
Passage: John Joseph Phelan Jr. (May 7, 1931 – August 4, 2012) was an American financier who served as president and later chairman and chief executive of the New York Stock Exchange, where he introduced computerized trading technology.  Phelan's leadership tenure at the NYSE included the 1987 stock market crash stock market crash, during which he declined to halt trading.  Phelan's calm and confident manner was widely praised.  After the crash, Phelan helped to implement trading curbs also known as "circuit breakers" to help prevent rapid stock selloffs in the future.
Title: Black Monday (1987)
Passage: In finance, Black Monday refers to Monday, October 19, 1987, when stock markets around the world crashed, shedding a huge value in a very short time.  The crash began in Hong Kong and spread west to Europe, hitting the United States after other markets had already declined by a significant margin.  The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) fell exactly 508 points to 1,738.74 (22.61%).  In Australia and New Zealand, the 1987 crash is also referred to as "Black Tuesday" because of the time zone difference.
Title: Black Monday (2011)
Passage: In finance and investing, Black Monday 2011 refers to August 8, 2011, when US and global stock markets crashed following the Friday night credit rating downgrade by Standard and Poor's of the United States sovereign debt from AAA, or "risk free", to AA+.  It was the first time in history the United States was downgraded.  Moody's issued a report during morning trading which said their AAA rating of U.S. credit was in jeopardy, this after issuing a negative outlook in the previous week.
John J. Phelan Jr. Black Monday (1987)