query: Tim Rice wrote a musical.

document: Sir Timothy Miles Bindon `` Tim '' Rice -LRB- born 10 November 1944 -RRB- is an English author and Academy Award , Golden Globe Award , Tony Award , and Grammy Award-winning lyricist . He is best known for his collaborations with Andrew Lloyd Webber , with whom he wrote Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat , Jesus Christ Superstar , and Evita ; with Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson of ABBA , with whom he wrote Chess ; for additional songs for the 2011 West End revival of The Wizard of Oz ; and for his work for Walt Disney Studios with Alan Menken -LRB- Aladdin , Beauty and the Beast , King David -RRB- , Elton John -LRB- The Lion King , Aida , The Road to El Dorado -RRB- and Ennio Morricone .   One of the most celebrated lyricists in British popular culture , Rice was knighted by Elizabeth II for services to music in 1994 . He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , is an inductee into the Songwriter 's Hall of Fame , is a Disney Legend recipient , and is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters , Composers and Authors . The 2016 Sunday Times Rich List values Rice at # 150m ; the 15th richest music millionaire in the UK .


query: Tokyo is in the Kanto region.

document: Tokyo -LRB- -LSB- toːkjoː -RSB- , -LSB- langˈtoʊki.oʊ -RSB- -RRB- , officially Tokyo Metropolis , is the capital of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures . The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world . It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government . Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands . Formerly known as Edo , it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters . It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868 ; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo . Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .   Tokyo is often referred to as a city , but is officially known and governed as a `` metropolitan prefecture '' , which differs from and combines elements of a city and a prefecture , a characteristic unique to Tokyo . The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo -LRB- each governed as an individual city -RRB- , which cover the area that was the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the metropolitan prefecture in 1943 . The metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains . The population of the special wards is over 9 million people , with the total population of the prefecture exceeding 13 million . The prefecture is part of the world 's most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 37.8 million people and the world 's largest urban agglomeration economy . The city hosts 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies , the highest number of any city in the world . Tokyo ranked third in the International Financial Centres Development IndexEdit . The city is also home to various television networks such as Fuji TV , Tokyo MX , TV Tokyo , TV Asahi , Nippon Television , NHK and the Tokyo Broadcasting System .   Tokyo ranked first in the Global Economic Power Index and fourth in the Global Cities Index . The city is considered an alpha + world city -- as listed by the GaWC 's 2008 inventory -- and in 2014 , Tokyo was ranked first in the `` Best overall experience '' category of TripAdvisor '' 's World City Survey -LRB- the city also ranked first in the following categories : `` helpfulness of locals '' , `` nightlife '' , `` shopping '' , `` local public transportation '' and `` cleanliness of streets '' -RRB- . In 2015 , Tokyo was ranked as the 11th most expensive city for expatriates , according to the Mercer consulting firm , and also the world 's 11th most expensive city , according to the Economist Intelligence Unit 's cost-of-living survey . In 2015 , Tokyo was named the Most Liveable City in the world by the magazine Monocle '' . The Michelin Guide has awarded Tokyo by far the most Michelin stars of any city in the world .  Tokyo ranked first in the world in the Safe Cities Index . The 2016 edition of QS Best Student Cities ranked Tokyo as the 3rd-best city in the world to be a university student . Tokyo hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics , the 1979 G-7 summit , the 1986 G-7 summit , and the 1993 G-7 summit , and will host the 2020 Summer Olympics and the 2020 Summer Paralympics .


query: The gray wolf is a Canis with a range encompassing both the Old and New Worlds.

document: The gray wolf or grey wolf -LRB- Canis lupus -RRB- , also known as the timber wolf or western wolf , is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America . It is the largest extant member of its family , with males averaging 43 - and females 36 - . Like the red wolf , it is distinguished from other Canis species by its larger size and less pointed features , particularly on the ears and muzzle . Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color , although nearly pure white , red , and brown to black also occur . , 37 subspecies of C. lupus are recognised by MSW3 .   The gray wolf is the second most specialised member of the genus Canis , after the Ethiopian wolf , as demonstrated by its morphological adaptations to hunting large prey , its more gregarious nature , and its highly advanced expressive behavior . It is nonetheless closely related enough to smaller Canis species , such as the eastern wolf , coyote , and golden jackal to produce fertile hybrids . It is the only species of Canis to have a range encompassing both the Old and New Worlds , and originated in Eurasia during the Pleistocene , colonizing North America on at least three separate occasions during the Rancholabrean . It is a social animal , travelling in nuclear families consisting of a mated pair , accompanied by the pair 's adult offspring . The gray wolf is typically an apex predator throughout its range , with only humans and tigers posing a serious threat to it . It feeds primarily on large ungulates , though it also eats smaller animals , livestock , carrion , and garbage .   The gray wolf is one of the world 's best-known and most-researched animals , with probably more books written about it than any other wildlife species . It has a long history of association with humans , having been despised and hunted in most pastoral communities because of its attacks on livestock , while conversely being respected in some agrarian and hunter-gatherer societies . Although the fear of wolves is pervasive in many human societies , the majority of recorded attacks on people have been attributed to animals suffering from rabies . Non-rabid wolves have attacked and killed people , mainly children , but this is rare , as wolves are relatively few , live away from people , and have developed a fear of humans from hunters and shepherds .


query: Game of Thrones was created by David Benioff and received acclaim.

document: The third season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered in the United States on HBO on March 31 , 2013 , and concluded on June 9 , 2013 . It was broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm in the United States , consisting of 10 episodes , each running approximately 50 -- 60 minutes . The season is based roughly on the first half of A Storm of Swords -LRB- the third of the A Song of Ice and Fire novels by George R. R. Martin , of which the series is an adaptation -RRB- . The series is adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . HBO renewed the series for a third season on April 10 , 2012 , nine days after the second season 's premiere . Production began in July 2012 . The show was filmed primarily in Ireland , Northern Ireland , Croatia , Iceland and Morocco .   The story takes place in a fictional world , primarily upon a continent called Westeros , with one storyline occurring on another continent to the east known as Essos . Like the novel , the season follows the climatic battle at Kings Landing . Season three like the previous season mainly centres around the war of the five kings ; after the death of Renly Baratheon -LRB- Gethin Anthony -RRB- , all four kings in Westeros believes to have a claim to the Iron Throne , besides Robb Stark -LRB- Richard Madden -RRB- , who seeks vengeance for the death of his father , Lord Eddard `` Ned '' Stark -LRB- Sean Bean -RRB- .   Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast , including Peter Dinklage , Nikolaj Coster-Waldau , Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke and Kit Harington . The season introduced a number of new cast members , including Ciarán Hinds , Nathalie Emmanuel and Iwan Rheon .   Critics praised the show 's production values and cast . Viewership yet again rose compared to the previous season . It won 2 of the 16 Emmy Awards for which it was nominated , it received a nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series -LRB- Dinklage -RRB- , Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series -LRB- Clarke -RRB- and Outstanding Drama Series . It also won the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Drama Series .


query: Tommy Lee Jones starred as Agent K in the Men in Black film series.

document: Tommy Lee Jones -LRB- born September 15 , 1946 -RRB- is an American actor and filmmaker . He has received four Academy Award nominations , winning Best Supporting Actor for his performance as U.S. Marshal Samuel Gerard in the 1993 thriller film The Fugitive .   His other notable starring roles include former Texas Ranger Woodrow F. Call in the TV mini-series Lonesome Dove , Agent K in the Men in Black film series , Sheriff Ed Tom Bell in No Country for Old Men , the villain Two-Face in Batman Forever , terrorist William Strannix in Under Siege , a Texas Ranger in Man of the House , rancher Pete Perkins in The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada , which he directed , Colonel Chester Phillips in Captain America : The First Avenger , CIA Director Robert Dewey in Jason Bourne and Warden Dwight McClusky in Natural Born Killers . Jones has also portrayed real-life figures such as businessman Howard Hughes , Radical Republican Congressman Thaddeus Stevens , executed murderer Gary Gilmore , U.S. Army General Douglas MacArthur , Oliver Lynn , husband of Loretta Lynn in Coal Miner 's Daughter , and baseball great Ty Cobb .   Early in his career , Jones first gained recognition for his contract role as Dr. Mark Toland on the soap opera One Life to Live for six years .


query: Stanley Kubrick edited his own films.

document: Stanley Kubrick -LRB- -LSB- ˈkuːbrɪk -RSB- July 26 , 1928 -- March 7 , 1999 -RRB- was an American film director , screenwriter , producer , cinematographer , editor , and photographer . He is frequently cited as one of the greatest and most influential directors in cinematic history . His films , which are mostly adaptations of novels or short stories , cover a wide range of genres , and are noted for their realism , dark humor , unique cinematography , extensive set designs , and evocative use of music .   Kubrick was born and raised in the Bronx , New York City , and attended William Howard Taft High School from 1941 to 1945 . Although he only received average grades , Kubrick displayed a keen interest in literature , photography , and film from a young age , and taught himself all aspects of film production and directing after graduating from high school . After working as a photographer for Look magazine in the late 1940s and early 1950s , he began making short films on a shoestring budget , and made his first major Hollywood film , The Killing , for United Artists in 1956 . This was followed by two collaborations with Kirk Douglas , the war picture Paths of Glory -LRB- 1957 -RRB- and the historical epic Spartacus -LRB- 1960 -RRB- . His reputation as a filmmaker in Hollywood grew , and he was approached by Marlon Brando to film what would become One-Eyed Jacks -LRB- 1961 -RRB- , though Brando eventually decided to direct it himself .   Creative differences arising from his work with Douglas and the film studios , a dislike of Hollywood , and a growing concern about crime in America prompted Kubrick to move to the United Kingdom in 1961 , where he spent most of the remainder of his life and career . His home at Childwickbury Manor in Hertfordshire , which he shared with his wife Christiane , became his workplace , where he did his writing , research , editing , and management of production details . This allowed him to have almost complete artistic control over his films , but with the rare advantage of having financial support from major Hollywood studios . His first British productions were two films with Peter Sellers , Lolita -LRB- 1962 -RRB- and Dr. Strangelove -LRB- 1964 -RRB- .   A demanding perfectionist , Kubrick assumed control over most aspects of the filmmaking process , from direction and writing to editing , and took painstaking care with researching his films and staging scenes , working in close coordination with his actors and other collaborators . He often asked for several dozen retakes of the same scene in a movie , which resulted in many conflicts with his casts . Despite the resulting notoriety among actors , many of Kubrick 's films broke new ground in cinematography . The scientific realism and innovative special effects of 2001 : A Space Odyssey -LRB- 1968 -RRB- were without precedent in the history of cinema , and the film earned him his only personal Oscar , for Best Visual Effects . Steven Spielberg has referred to the film as his generation 's `` big bang '' , and it is regarded as one of the greatest films ever made . For the 18th-century period film Barry Lyndon -LRB- 1975 -RRB- , Kubrick obtained lenses developed by Zeiss for NASA , to film scenes under natural candlelight . With The Shining -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , he became one of the first directors to make use of a Steadicam for stabilized and fluid tracking shots . While many of Kubrick 's films were controversial and initially received mixed reviews upon release -- particularly A Clockwork Orange -LRB- 1971 -RRB- , which Kubrick pulled from circulation in the UK following a mass media frenzy -- most were nominated for Oscars , Golden Globes , or BAFTA Awards , and underwent critical reevaluations . His last film , Eyes Wide Shut , was completed shortly before his death in 1999 at the age of 70 .


query: Taraji P. Henson has worked with a director.

document: Taraji Penda Henson -LRB- -LSB- tə ` rɑːdʒi -RSB- ; born September 11 , 1970 -RRB- is an American actress and author . She studied acting at Howard University and began her Hollywood career in guest-roles on several television shows before making her breakthrough in Baby Boy -LRB- 2001 -RRB- . She received praise for playing a prostitute in Hustle & Flow -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and a single mother in David Fincher 's The Curious Case of Benjamin Button -LRB- 2008 -RRB- ; for the latter , she received Academy Award , SAG Award and Critics Choice Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress ; for the former , she received a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture nomination . In 2010 , she appeared in the comedy Date Night and co-starred in the remake of The Karate Kid .   Henson has also had an extensive career in television in series such as The Division , Boston Legal and Eli Stone . In 2011 Henson starred in the Lifetime Television film Taken from Me : The Tiffany Rubin Story , which earned her a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie . From 2011 to 2013 , she co-starred as Detective Jocelyn Carter in the CBS drama Person of Interest , for which she won an NAACP Image Award . Henson went on to star in the ensemble film Think Like a Man -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and its 2014 sequel . In 2015 , she began starring as Cookie Lyon on the Fox drama series Empire , for which she became the first African-American woman to win a Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series . She also won a Golden Globe Award , and was nominated for two Emmy Awards , in 2015 and 2016 .   In 2016 , Time named Henson one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list . That year , Henson also released a New York Times best selling autobiography titled Around the Way Girl . Also that year , she received praise for her starring role as Katherine Johnson in the critically acclaimed drama film Hidden Figures , for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture .


query: George Martin worked in music.

document: Sir George Henry Martin -LRB- 3 January 19268 March 2016 -RRB- was an English record producer , arranger , composer , conductor , audio engineer , and musician . He was referred to as the `` Fifth Beatle '' , including by Paul McCartney , in reference to his extensive involvement on each of the Beatles ' original albums . Martin produced 30 number-one hit singles in the United Kingdom and 23 number-one hits in the United States .   Martin produced comedy and novelty records in the early 1950s , working with Peter Sellers , Spike Milligan , and Bernard Cribbins , among others . His career spanned more than six decades of work in music , film , television and live performance . He held a number of senior executive roles at media companies and contributed to a wide range of charitable causes , including his work for The Prince 's Trust and the Caribbean island of Montserrat . In recognition of his services to the music industry and popular culture , he was made a Knight Bachelor in 1996 .


query: Several films feature Kajal Aggarwal as the female lead.

document: Special 26 , also known as Special Chabbis , is a 2013 Indian heist crime thriller film directed by Neeraj Pandey . It stars Akshay Kumar in the lead protagonist role with Manoj Bajpayee , Anupam Kher , Kajal Aggarwal , Jimmy Shergill and Divya Dutta in supporting roles . The film is inspired by the 1987 Opera House heist where a group posing as Central Bureau of Investigation -LRB- CBI -RRB- officers executed an income tax raid on the jeweler in Mumbai . Special 26 released on February 5 , 2013 to widespread critical acclaim and was regarded as one of the best films of 2013 .


query: Anton Yelchin was born in Russia.

document: Saint Petersburg -LRB- -LSB- Санкт-Петербу ́рг , a = Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg , r = Sankt-Peterburg , p = ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk -RSB- -RRB- is Russia 's second-largest city after Moscow , with five million inhabitants in 2012 , and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea . It is politically incorporated as a federal subject -LRB- a federal city -RRB- . Situated on the Neva River , at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea , it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May . In 1914 , the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd -LRB- -LSB- Петрогра́д , p =p ʲɪtrɐˈgrat -RSB- -RRB- , in 1924 to Leningrad -LRB- -LSB- Ленингра́д , p = lʲɪnʲɪnˈgrat -RSB- -RRB- , and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg . Between 1713 and 1728 and in 1732 -- 1918 , Saint Petersburg was the capital of imperial Russia . In 1918 , the central government bodies moved to Moscow .   Saint Petersburg is one of the modern cities of Russia , as well as its cultural capital . The Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments constitute a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Saint Petersburg is home to The Hermitage , one of the largest art museums in the world .  Many foreign consulates , international corporations , banks , and businesses have offices in Saint Petersburg .


query: Same-sex marriage is legal in the American territory

document: Same-sex marriage , also known as gay marriage , is marriage between people of the same sex , either as a secular civil ceremony or in a religious setting .   In the late 20th century , rites of marriage for same-sex couples without legal recognition became increasingly common . The first law providing for marriage of people of the same sex in modern times was enacted in 2001 in the Netherlands . , same-sex marriage is legally recognized -LRB- nationwide or in some parts -RRB- in the following countries : Argentina , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Colombia , Denmark,Same-sex marriage is legal in Denmark proper and Greenland . Legislation allowing same-sex marriage in the Faroe Islands has received royal assent though is not yet in effect . Finland , France , Iceland , Ireland , Luxembourg , Mexico,Same-sex marriage is legal in the states of Campeche , Coahuila , Colima , Jalisco , Michoacán , Morelos , Nayarit , Quintana Roo and Mexico City as well as in some municipalities in Guerrero , Puebla , Querétaro and Tamaulipas . Same-sex marriages performed in these jurisdictions are recognized throughout Mexico . the Netherlands,Same-sex marriage is legal in The Netherlands proper . Same-sex marriages performed there are recognized in Aruba , Curaçao and Sint Maarten . New Zealand,Same-sex marriage is legal in New Zealand proper , though is not legal in Tokelau , the Cook Islands and Niue , which together make up the Realm of New Zealand . Norway , Portugal , South Africa , Spain , Sweden , the United Kingdom,Same-sex marriage is legal England and Wales and Scotland ; though is notably not legal in Northern Ireland . Same-sex marriage is legal in the overseas territories of Akrotiri and Dhekelia , Ascension Island , Bermuda , the British Antarctic Territory , the British Indian Ocean Territory , Gibraltar and the Pitcairn Islands ; and in the Crown dependencies of Guernsey and the Isle of Man . The law in the Falkland Islands is not yet in force . the United StatesSame-sex marriage is legal in all 50 states , the District of Columbia , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands , Puerto Rico , the United States Virgin Islands and some tribal jurisdictions . Some tribal jurisdictions do not recognize same-sex marriage . In the United States , Congress -LRB- not the federal courts -RRB- has legal authority over Indian country . Thus , unless Congress passes a law regarding same-sex marriage for Indian tribes , federally recognized American Indian tribes have the legal right to form their own marriage laws . American Samoa is the only unincorporated territory of the United States not to have legalized same-sex marriage . and Uruguay . Same-sex marriage is likely to soon become legal in Taiwan , after a constitutional court ruling in May 2017 . Polls show rising support for legally recognizing same-sex marriage in the Americas , Australia and most of Europe .  However , as of 2017 , South Africa is the only African country where same-sex marriage is recognized . No country in Asia legally recognises same-sex marriage ceremonies performed under its jurisdiction , although Israel recognises same-sex marriages performed overseas for some purposes .   Introduction of same-sex marriage laws has varied by jurisdiction , being variously accomplished through legislative change to marriage laws , a court ruling based on constitutional guarantees of equality , or by direct popular vote -LRB- via ballot initiative or referendum -RRB- . The recognition of same-sex marriage is a political and social issue , and also a religious issue in many countries , and debates continue to arise over whether people in same-sex relationships should be allowed marriage or some similar status -LRB- a civil union -RRB- . Same-sex marriage can provide those in same-sex relationships who pay their taxes with government services and make financial demands on them comparable to those afforded to and required of those in opposite-sex marriages . Same-sex marriage also gives them legal protections such as inheritance and hospital visitation rights . Various faith communities around the world support allowing those of the same sex to marry , while many major religions oppose same-sex marriage . Opponents of same-sex marriages have argued that recognition of same-sex marriages would erode religious freedoms , undermine a right of children to be raised by their biological mother and father or erode the institution of marriage itself .   Some analysts state that financial , psychological and physical well-being are enhanced by marriage , and that children of same-sex parents or carers benefit from being raised by two parents within a legally recognized union supported by society 's institutions . Court documents filed by American scientific associations also state that singling out gay men and women as ineligible for marriage both stigmatizes and invites public discrimination against them . The American Anthropological Association asserts that social science research does not support the view that either civilization or viable social orders depend upon marriage as an exclusively heterosexual institution .


query: Marc Maron was the host of The Marc Maron Show.

document: Marcus David Maron -LRB- -LSB- ˈmærən -RSB- ; born September 27 , 1963 -RRB- is an American stand-up comedian , podcaster , writer , actor , musician , director , and producer .   He has been host of The Marc Maron Show and co-host of both Morning Sedition and Breakroom Live , all politically oriented shows produced by Air America Media . He hosted Comedy Central 's Short Attention Span Theater for a year , replacing Jon Stewart . Maron was a frequent guest on the Late Show with David Letterman and made more than forty appearances on Late Night with Conan O'Brien , more than any other standup performer . He was also a regular guest on Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn and hosted the short-lived American version of the British game show Never Mind the Buzzcocks on VH1 .   In September 2009 , Maron began hosting a twice-weekly podcast titled WTF with Marc Maron in which he interviews comedians and celebrities . Highlights have included Conan O'Brien , Robin Williams , and an episode with Louis C.K. that was rated the # 1 podcast episode of all time by Slate magazine . In June 2015 , Maron interviewed the President of the United States , Barack Obama , at his podcast studio and home , in Highland Park , Los Angeles , California .   From 2013 to 2016 , he starred in his own IFC television comedy series , Maron , for which he also served as executive producer and occasional writer .


query: A Nightmare on Elm Street was produced for New Line Cinema.

document: A Nightmare on Elm Street is a 2010 American slasher film directed by Samuel Bayer and written by Wesley Strick and Eric Heisserer as a remake of Wes Craven 's 1984 film of the same name , which revolves around a group of teenagers who are being stalked in their dreams by an enigmatic man named Freddy Krueger .   Michael Bay and Platinum Dunes produced the film for New Line Cinema , as an intention to reboot the Nightmare on Elm Street franchise , with the cast of Jackie Earle Haley , Kyle Gallner , Rooney Mara , Katie Cassidy , Thomas Dekker and Kellan Lutz . This production makes it the ninth installment of the franchise . The film was released by Warner Bros. on April 30 , 2010 . It received mainly negative reviews from critics and grossed $ 115 million against a production budget of $ 35 million , making it the highest-grossing film in the Nightmare on Elm Street franchise .


query: Helen Hunt received an Academy Award nomination from her films.

document: Helen Elizabeth Hunt -LRB- born June 15 , 1963 -RRB- is an American actress , director , and screenwriter . She starred in the sitcom Mad About You for seven years , and played single mother Carol Connelly in the 1997 romantic comedy film As Good as It Gets , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress . Some of her other notable films include Twister -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , Cast Away -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , What Women Want -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Pay It Forward -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , and The Sessions -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , the latter garnered her a second Academy Award nomination . She made her directorial debut in 2007 with Then She Found Me -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . Hunt has also won four Emmy Awards , four Golden Globe Awards , and two Screen Actors Guild Awards .


query: PageRank was given a name after one of the creators of Google.

document: PageRank -LRB- PR -RRB- is an algorithm used by Google Search to rank websites in their search engine results . PageRank was named after Larry Page , one of the founders of Google . PageRank is a way of measuring the importance of website pages . According to Google : It is not the only algorithm used by Google to order search engine results , but it is the first algorithm that was used by the company , and it is the best-known .


query: Edward Norton is an environmental activist.

document: Edward Harrison Norton -LRB- born August 18 , 1969 -RRB- is an American actor , filmmaker and activist . He has been nominated for three Academy Awards for his work in the films Primal Fear -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , American History X -LRB- 1998 -RRB- and Birdman -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . He also starred in other roles , such as Everyone Says I Love You -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , The People vs. Larry Flynt -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , Fight Club -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , Red Dragon -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , 25th Hour -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , Kingdom of Heaven -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , The Illusionist -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Moonrise Kingdom -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , The Grand Budapest Hotel -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and Sausage Party -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . He has also directed and co-written films , including his directorial debut , Keeping the Faith -LRB- 2000 -RRB- . He has done uncredited work on the scripts for The Score -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , Frida -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , and The Incredible Hulk -LRB- 2008 -RRB- .   Alongside his work in cinema , Norton is an environmental and social activist , and is a member of the board of trustees of Enterprise Community Partners , a non-profit organization for developing affordable housing founded by his grandfather James Rouse . Norton is president of the American branch of the Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust . He ran in the 2009 New York City Marathon to raise money for the Trust . He also raises money for charity through Crowdrise , a social networking community for volunteers and a micro-donations fundraising platform . In July 2010 , Norton was designated as the United Nations Goodwill Ambassador for Biodiversity by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon . On July 2 , 2014 , Norton was elected chairman of the board of trustees to Signature Theatre , a not-for-profit theater company in New York . Norton has been on Signature 's board since 1996 and served as the co-chair of the Capital Campaign during the building of the Pershing Square Signature Center .


query: The Guest directs Maika Monroe.

document: The Guest is a 2014 American action horror-thriller film directed and edited by Adam Wingard and written by Simon Barrett , both of whom previously collaborated on a previous film , You 're Next -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . Starring Dan Stevens , Maika Monroe , Leland Orser , Sheila Kelley , Brendan Meyer , and Lance Reddick , the plot follows a soldier named `` David '' unexpectedly visiting the Peterson family , introducing himself as a friend of their son who had died during the Afghanistan war . After the man is welcomed into their home for a couple of days , a series of deaths begin to occur around his presence , and their daughter Anna begins to have suspicions of David being connected to the deaths .   The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 17 , 2014 , following a release in the United States on September 17 , 2014 and the United Kingdom on September 5 , 2014 . Critical reception was largely positive , with general praise towards Stevens ' role and Wingard 's direction .


query: Steve Jobs was a person.

document: Steven Paul Jobs -LRB- -LSB- ˈdʒɒbz -RSB- February 24 , 1955 -- October 5 , 2011 -RRB- was an American entrepreneur , businessman , inventor , and industrial designer . He was the co-founder , chairman , and chief executive officer -LRB- CEO -RRB- of Apple Inc. ; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar ; a member of The Walt Disney Company 's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar ; and founder , chairman , and CEO of NeXT . Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s .   Jobs was born in San Francisco to Syrian parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth ; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s . Jobs briefly attended Reed College in 1972 before dropping out . He then decided to travel through India in 1974 seeking enlightenment and studying Zen Buddhism . Jobs 's declassified FBI report stated that an acquaintance knew that Jobs had used the illegal drugs marijuana and LSD while he was in college . Jobs once told a reporter that taking LSD was `` one of the two or three most important things '' he did in his life .   Jobs and Wozniak co-founded Apple in 1976 to sell Wozniak 's Apple I personal computer . The visionaries gained fame and wealth a year later for the Apple II , one of the first highly successful mass-produced personal computers . In 1979 , after a tour of PARC , Jobs saw the commercial potential of the Xerox Alto , which was mouse-driven and had a graphical user interface -LRB- GUI -RRB- . This led to development of the unsuccessful Apple Lisa in 1983 , followed by the breakthrough Macintosh in 1984 . In addition to being the first mass-produced computer with a GUI , the Macintosh introduced the sudden rise of the desktop publishing industry in 1985 with the addition of the Apple LaserWriter , the first laser printer to feature vector graphics . Following a long power struggle , Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985 .   After leaving Apple , Jobs took a few of its members with him to found NeXT , a computer platform development company specializing in state-of-the-art computers for higher-education and business markets . In addition , Jobs helped to initiate the development of the visual effects industry when he funded the spinout of the computer graphics division of George Lucas 's Lucasfilm in 1986 . The new company , Pixar , would eventually produce the first fully computer-animated film , Toy Story -- an event made possible in part because of Jobs 's financial support .   In 1997 , Apple merged with NeXT . Within a few months of the merger , Jobs became CEO of his former company , reviving Apple at the verge of bankruptcy . Beginning in 1997 with the `` Think different '' advertising campaign , Jobs worked closely with designer Jonathan Ive to develop a line of products that would have larger cultural ramifications : the iMac , iTunes and iTunes Store , Apple Store , iPod , iPhone , App Store , and the iPad . Mac OS was also revamped into OS X -LRB- renamed `` macOS '' in 2016 -RRB- , based on NeXT 's NeXTSTEP platform .   Jobs was diagnosed with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in 2003 and died on October 5 , 2011 , of respiratory arrest related to the tumor .


query: Earth is an astronomical body orbiting a star.

document: Earth -LRB- from Eorðe -LSB- Γαῖα , Gaia -RSB- Terra -RRB- , otherwise known as the World or the Globe , is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life . It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets .   According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence , Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago . Earth 's gravity interacts with other objects in space , especially the Sun and the Moon , Earth 's only natural satellite . During one orbit around the Sun , Earth rotates about its axis over 365 times ; thus , an Earth year is about 365.26 days long . Earth 's axis of rotation is tilted , producing seasonal variations on the planet 's surface . The gravitational interaction between the Earth and Moon causes ocean tides , stabilizes the Earth 's orientation on its axis , and gradually slows its rotation .   Earth 's lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years . About 71 % of Earth 's surface is covered with water , mostly by its oceans . The remaining 29 % is land consisting of continents and islands that together have many lakes , rivers and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere . The majority of Earth 's polar regions are covered in ice , including the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the Arctic ice pack . Earth 's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core , a liquid outer core that generates the Earth 's magnetic field , and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics .   Within the first billion years of Earth 's history , life appeared in the oceans and began to affect the Earth 's atmosphere and surface , leading to the proliferation of aerobic and anaerobic organisms . Some geological evidence indicates that life may have arisen as much as 4.1 billion years ago . Since then , the combination of Earth 's distance from the Sun , physical properties , and geological history have allowed life to evolve and thrive . In the history of the Earth , biodiversity has gone through long periods of expansion , occasionally punctuated by mass extinction events . Over 99 % of all species that ever lived on Earth are extinct . Estimates of the number of species on Earth today vary widely ; most species have not been described . Over 7.4 billion humans live on Earth and depend on its biosphere and minerals for their survival . Humans have developed diverse societies and cultures ; politically , the world has about 200 sovereign states .


query: Pierce Brosnan played the role of Bond.

document: Pierce Brendan Brosnan , OBE -LRB- born 16 May 1953 -RRB- is an Irish actor , film producer , and activist who after leaving comprehensive school at age 16 , began training in commercial illustration . He then went on to train at the Drama Centre in London for three years . Following a stage acting career he rose to popularity in the television series Remington Steele -LRB- 1982 -- 87 -RRB- , which blended the genres of romantic comedy , drama , and detective procedural . After the conclusion of Remington Steele , Brosnan appeared in films such as the Cold War spy film The Fourth Protocol -LRB- 1987 -RRB- and the comedy Mrs. Doubtfire -LRB- 1993 -RRB- .   In 1994 , Brosnan became the fifth actor to portray secret agent James Bond in the Eon Productions film series , starring in four films from 1995 to 2002 -LRB- GoldenEye , Tomorrow Never Dies , The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Day -RRB- . He lent his likeness for Bond in the video games James Bond 007 : Nightfire and James Bond 007 : Everything or Nothing , providing his voice for the latter . During this period , he also took the lead in other films including the epic disaster adventure film Dante 's Peak -LRB- 1997 -RRB- and the remake of the heist film The Thomas Crown Affair -LRB- 1999 -RRB- . Since leaving the role of Bond , he has starred in such films as the musical/romantic comedy Mamma Mia ! -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , the Roman Polanski-directed political thriller The Ghost Writer -LRB- 2010 -RRB- and the action spy thriller The November Man -LRB- 2014 -RRB- .   In 1996 , along with Beau St. Clair , Brosnan formed Irish DreamTime , a Los Angeles-based production company . In later years , he has become known for his charitable work and environmental activism . He was married to Australian actress Cassandra Harris from 1980 until her death in 1991 . He married American journalist and author Keely Shaye Smith in 2001 , and became an American citizen in 2004 , holding dual citizenship in the United States and Ireland . He has earned two Golden Globe Award nominations , first for the television miniseries Nancy Astor -LRB- 1982 -RRB- and next for the dark comedy film The Matador -LRB- 2005 -RRB- .


query: Linkin Park's fifth album is called Living Things.

document: Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills , California . Formed in 1996 , the band rose to international fame with their debut album Hybrid Theory -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , which was certified diamond by the RIAA in 2005 and multi-platinum in several other countries . Their following studio album Meteora continued the band 's success , topping the Billboard 200 album chart in 2003 , and was followed by extensive touring and charity work around the world . In 2003 , MTV2 named Linkin Park the sixth-greatest band of the music video era and the third-best of the new millennium . Billboard ranked Linkin Park No. 19 on the Best Artists of the Decade chart . In 2012 , the band was voted as the greatest artist of the 2000s in a Bracket Madness poll on VH1 . In 2014 , the band was declared as the Biggest Rock Band in the World Right Now by Kerrang ! .   Having adapted nu metal and rap metal to a radio-friendly yet densely layered style in Hybrid Theory and Meteora , the band explored other genres in their next studio album , Minutes to Midnight -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . The album topped the Billboard charts and had the third-best debut week of any album that year . The band continued to explore a wider variation of musical types in their fourth album , A Thousand Suns -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , layering their music with more electronic sounds and beats . Their fifth album , Living Things -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , combines musical elements from all of their previous records . Their sixth album , The Hunting Party -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , returned to a heavier rock sound . Their seventh album One More Light , a more electronic and pop-oriented record , was released on May 19 , 2017 . The band has collaborated with several other artists , including rapper Jay Z in their mashup EP Collision Course , and many others on the remix albums Reanimation and Recharged . Linkin Park has sold over 70 million albums worldwide and has won two Grammy Awards .


query: Dan Aykroyd received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

document: Daniel Edward `` Dan '' Aykroyd -LRB- born July 1 , 1952 -RRB- is a Canadian-American actor , comedian , producer , voice artist , screenwriter , musician and businessman . He was an original member of the `` Not Ready for Prime Time Players '' on Saturday Night Live -LRB- 1975 -- 1979 -RRB- . A musical sketch he performed with John Belushi on SNL , The Blues Brothers , turned into an actual performing band and then a highly successful 1980 film , also called The Blues Brothers . He conceived and starred in Ghostbusters -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , which spawned a sequel -LRB- Ghostbusters II -RRB- and eventually an entire media franchise . In 1990 , he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his work in the 1989 film Driving Miss Daisy . He starred in his own sitcom , Soul Man , from 1997 -- 98 . Aykroyd is also a successful businessman , having co-founded the House of Blues chain of music venues and the Crystal Head Vodka brand .


query: Bruce Lee was an athlete.

document: Chinese martial arts , often named under the umbrella terms kung fu -LRB- -LSB- ˈkʊŋ_ˈfuː -RSB- -RRB- and wushu , are the several hundred fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in China . These fighting styles are often classified according to common traits , identified as `` families '' , `` sects '' or `` schools '' of martial arts . Examples of such traits include Shaolinquan physical exercises involving Five Animals mimicry , or training methods inspired by Chinese philosophies , religions and legends . Styles that focus on qi manipulation are called internal , while others that concentrate on improving muscle and cardiovascular fitness are called `` external '' . Geographical association , as in northern and `` southern '' , is another popular classification method .


query: Loki is the father of Hel in Norse mythology.

document: In Norse mythology , Loki -LRB- Anglicized -LRB- -LSB- ˈloʊki -RSB- -RRB- -RRB- , Loptr , or Hveðrungr is a god or jötunn -LRB- or both -RRB- . Loki is the son of Fárbauti and Laufey , and the brother of Helblindi and Býleistr . By the jötunn Angrboða , Loki is the father of Hel , the wolf Fenrir , and the world serpent Jörmungandr . By his wife Sigyn , Loki is the father of Narfi and/or Nari . By the stallion Svaðilfari , Loki is the mother -- giving birth in the form of a mare -- to the eight-legged horse Sleipnir . In addition , Loki is referred to as the father of Váli in Prose Edda , though this source also refers to Odin as the father of Váli twice , and Váli is found mentioned as a Son of Loki only once .   Loki 's relation with the gods varies by source ; Loki sometimes assists the gods and sometimes behaves in a malicious manner towards them . Loki is a shape shifter and in separate incidents he appears in the form of a salmon , a mare , a fly , and possibly an elderly woman named Þökk -LRB- Old Norse ` thanks ' -RRB- . Loki 's positive relations with the gods end with his role in engineering the death of the god Baldr and Loki is eventually bound by Váli with the entrails of one of his sons . In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda , the goddess Skaði is responsible for placing a serpent above him while he is bound . The serpent drips venom from above him that Sigyn collects into a bowl ; however , she must empty the bowl when it is full , and the venom that drips in the meantime causes Loki to writhe in pain , thereby causing earthquakes . With the onset of Ragnarök , Loki is foretold to slip free from his bonds and to fight against the gods among the forces of the jötnar , at which time he will encounter the god Heimdallr and the two will slay each other .   Loki is referred to in the Poetic Edda , compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources ; the Prose Edda and Heimskringla , written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson ; the Norwegian Rune Poems , in the poetry of skalds , and in Scandinavian folklore . Loki may be depicted on the Snaptun Stone , the Kirkby Stephen Stone , and the Gosforth Cross . Loki 's origins and role in Norse mythology , which some scholars have described as that of a trickster god , have been much debated by scholars . Loki has been depicted in or is referenced in a variety of media in modern popular culture .


query: Ireland is not landlocked.

document: Ireland -LRB- -LSB- ˈaɪərlənd -RSB- Éire -LSB- ˈeːɾʲə -RSB- ; Ulster-Scots : Airlann -LSB- - scoˈɑːrlən -RSB- -RRB- is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George 's Channel . Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles , the third-largest in Europe , and the twentieth-largest on Earth .   Politically , Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland -LRB- officially named Ireland -RRB- , which covers five-sixths of the island , and Northern Ireland , which is part of the United Kingdom , in the northeast of the island . In 2011 , the population of Ireland was about 6.4 million , ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain . Just under 4.6 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just over 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland .   The island 's geography comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain , with several navigable rivers extending inland . The island has lush vegetation , a product of its mild but changeable climate which avoids extremes in temperature . Thick woodlands covered the island until the Middle Ages . As of 2013 , the amount of land that is wooded in Ireland is about 11 % of the total , compared with a European average of 35 % . There are twenty-six extant mammal species native to Ireland . The Irish climate is very moderate and classified as oceanic . As a result , winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area . However , summers are cooler than those in Continental Europe . Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant .   The earliest evidence of human presence in Ireland is dated at 10,500 BC . Gaelic Ireland had emerged by the 1st century CE . The island was Christianised from the 5th century onward . Following the Norman invasion in the 12th century , England claimed sovereignty over Ireland . However , English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th -- 17th century Tudor conquest , which led to colonisation by settlers from Britain . In the 1690s , a system of Protestant English rule was designed to materially disadvantage the Catholic majority and Protestant dissenters , and was extended during the 18th century . With the Acts of Union in 1801 , Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom . A war of independence in the early 20th century was followed by the partition of the island , creating the Irish Free State , which became increasingly sovereign over the following decades , and Northern Ireland , which remained a part of the United Kingdom . Northern Ireland saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s . This subsided following a political agreement in 1998 . In 1973 the Republic of Ireland joined the European Economic Community while the United Kingdom , and Northern Ireland , as part of it , did the same .   Irish culture has had a significant influence on other cultures , especially in the fields of literature . Alongside mainstream Western culture , a strong indigenous culture exists , as expressed through Gaelic games , Irish music , and the Irish language . The culture of the island also shares many features with that of Great Britain , including the English language , and sports such as association football , rugby , horse racing , and golf .


query: Beauty Shop features Gina as a character.

document: Beauty Shop is a 2005 American comedy film directed by Bille Woodruff . The film serves as a spin-off of the Barbershop film franchise , and stars Queen Latifah as Gina , a character first introduced in the 2004 film Barbershop 2 : Back in Business . This film also stars Alicia Silverstone , Andie MacDowell , Mena Suvari , Kevin Bacon and Djimon Hounsou .


query: Matt Kuchar has earned millions of dollars in prize money.

document: Matthew Gregory Kuchar -LRB- born June 21 , 1978 -RRB- is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour and formerly the Nationwide Tour . He has won seven times on the PGA Tour , with these wins spanning over 12 years . He is renowned as one of the most consistent players on the tour , having earned over $ 30 million in prize money and recorded over 80 top-10 finishes .   Kuchar briefly enjoyed success in the early 2000s before suffering a slump where he struggled to maintain his playing status on the PGA Tour . He rejuvenated himself and built a new , one-plane swing from 2008 onward leading to improved results . Kuchar was the PGA Tour 's leading money winner in 2010 .   Kuchar won The Players Championship in 2012 , the flagship event of the PGA Tour , his biggest tournament victory to date . As a result , he moved to a career high number five in the world rankings and has spent over 40 weeks ranked inside its top-10 . In February 2013 , Kuchar won his first World Golf Championship event , defeating Hunter Mahan in the final of the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship .   At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , Kuchar won the first Olympic bronze medal awarded for golf since the 1904 Summer Olympics .   With Sergio García winning the 2017 Masters Tournament and Steve Stricker playing part-time on the PGA Tour Champions , Kuchar is the highest-earning active full-time PGA Tour player without a major championship win , with career earnings of over $ 38 million .


query: Take a Bow is a Madonna song.

document: `` Take a Bow '' is a song by American singer Madonna from her sixth studio album Bedtime Stories -LRB- 1994 -RRB- . It was released as the album 's second single on November 29 , 1994 , by Maverick Records . It is a midtempo pop ballad written and produced by Madonna and Babyface . The song also appears on her compilation albums Something to Remember -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , GHV2 -LRB- 2001 -RRB- and Celebration -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . Following the sexually explicit persona portrayed by Madonna on her previous album , Erotica , the singer wanted to tone down her image for Bedtime Stories . She started collaborating with Babyface , whose work with other musicians had impressed her . `` Take a Bow '' was developed from this collaboration , after Madonna listened to the beat and the chords of the demo structure of the song .   Recorded at The Hit Factory Studios in New York , `` Take a Bow '' was backed by a full orchestra . It was also the first time that Babyface had worked with live strings , per Madonna 's suggestion . Containing oriental pentatonic strings , giving the impression of Chinese or Japanese opera , `` Take a Bow '' lyrically talks about unrequited love , and Madonna saying goodbye . It received favorable reviews from music critics , who praised the song 's soulful , poetic lyrics . It was a commercial success in the United States , becoming Madonna 's eleventh number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100 , topping the chart for seven weeks . It also reached number one in Canada , and the top ten in Italy , Switzerland and New Zealand . The single had moderate success in the United Kingdom , reaching number 16 on the UK Singles Chart , ending Madonna 's record-holding string of 35 consecutive top-ten hits there .   The music video for `` Take a Bow '' was directed by Michael Haussman , and was filmed in Ronda , Spain . The video depicts Madonna as a bullfighter 's -LRB- played by real-life Spanish bullfighter Emilio Muñoz -RRB- neglected lover , yearning for his love . It won the Best Female Video award at the 1995 MTV Video Music Awards . Journalistic and academic analysis of the video included its plotline , usage of religious iconography , themes and motifs of feminism and submission , as well as its impact on contemporary music videos . In order to promote Bedtime Stories , Madonna performed `` Take a Bow '' on a few occasions , including live with Babyface at the 1995 American Music Awards . In 2016 , she added the song to the setlist of the Asian and Oceanian legs of her Rebel Heart Tour and her one-off Sydney concert Madonna : Tears of a Clown .


query: Venus Williams has a sibling.

document: The 2001 US Open was held between August 27 -- September 9 , 2001 . It was the final Grand Slam event of 2001 .   Marat Safin was unsuccessful in his title defence , being defeated in the semifinals by Pete Sampras in a rematch of the 2000 final , while Venus Williams was successful in her title defense , beating her sister Serena in the women 's final . 20-year-old Australian Lleyton Hewitt won the men 's title , defeating Sampras in the final . It was the second consecutive US Open final defeat for Sampras .


query: Jon Pertwee was in a series from 1987 to 1989 and he acted.

document: John Devon Roland Pertwee -LRB- 7 July 1919 -- 20 May 1996 -RRB- , known professionally as Jon Pertwee , was an English actor , entertainer and cabaret performer .   Pertwee is most known for starring as the Third Doctor in the science-fiction series Doctor Who between 1970 and 1974 . Pertwee also spent 18 years -LRB- 1959 -- 1977 -RRB- playing Chief petty officer Pertwee in The Navy Lark on BBC Radio . He later played the title character in the series Worzel Gummidge from 1979 to 1981 , and again from 1987 to 1989 .   As an actor , Pertwee appeared in many comedy roles and was once described as having `` rubbery features and ability to affect silly voices '' . Earlier in his career , Pertwee had worked as a vaudeville comedian , performed at the Glasgow Empire Theatre and shared a bill with Max Wall and Jimmy James . Towards the end of his life , he performed to audiences in a one-man show called Who Is Jon Pertwee ? .


query: Cirrhosis can cause one to become itchy.

document: Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver does not function properly due to long-term damage . This damage is characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue by scar tissue . Typically , the disease develops slowly over months or years . Early on , there are often no symptoms . As the disease worsens , a person may become tired , weak , itchy , have swelling in the lower legs , develop yellow skin , bruise easily , have fluid build up in the abdomen , or develop spider-like blood vessels on the skin . The fluid build-up in the abdomen may become spontaneously infected . Other complications include hepatic encephalopathy , bleeding from dilated veins in the esophagus or dilated stomach veins , and liver cancer . Hepatic encephalopathy results in confusion and may lead to unconsciousness .   Cirrhosis is most commonly caused by alcohol , hepatitis B , hepatitis C , and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease . Typically , more than two or three alcoholic drinks per day over a number of years is required for alcoholic cirrhosis to occur . Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has a number of causes , including being overweight , diabetes , high blood fats , and high blood pressure . A number of less common causes of cirrhosis include autoimmune hepatitis , primary biliary cirrhosis , hemochromatosis , certain medications , and gallstones . Diagnosis is based on blood testing , medical imaging , and liver biopsy .   Some causes of cirrhosis , such as hepatitis B can be prevented by vaccination . Treatment partly depends on the underlying cause , but the goal is often to prevent worsening and complications . Avoiding alcohol is recommended in all cases of cirrhosis . Hepatitis B and C may be treatable with antiviral medications . Autoimmune hepatitis may be treated with steroid medications . Ursodiol may be useful if the disease is due to blockage of the bile ducts . Other medications may be useful for complications such as abdominal or leg swelling , hepatic encephalopathy , and dilated esophageal veins . In severe cirrhosis , a liver transplant may be an option .   Cirrhosis affected about 2.8 million people and resulted in 1.3 million deaths in 2015 . Of these , alcohol caused 348,000 , hepatitis C caused 326,000 , and hepatitis B caused 371,000 . In the United States , more men die of cirrhosis than women . The first known description of the condition is by Hippocrates in the 5th century BCE . The word cirrhosis is from κίρρωσις kirrhos κιρρός `` yellowish '' and - osis meaning `` condition '' , describing the appearance of a cirrhotic liver .


query: Solange Knowles sings and writes songs.

document: Solange Piaget Knowles -LRB- -LSB- soʊˈlɑːnʒ -RSB- born June 24 , 1986 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , dancer , model and actress . Expressing an interest in music from an early age , Knowles had several temporary stints in Destiny 's Child , before signing with her father Mathew Knowles 's Music World Entertainment label . At age 16 , Knowles released her first studio album Solo Star -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . Between 2005 and 2007 , Knowles had several minor acting roles , including the direct-to-video Bring It On : All or Nothing -LRB- 2006 -RRB- and continued writing music for her older sister Beyoncé Knowles-Carter and for ex-Destiny 's Child group members Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams .   In 2007 , Knowles began to record music again . Her second studio album Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams -LRB- 2008 -RRB- deviated from the pop-oriented music of her debut to the Motown Sound of the 1960s and 1970s . It peaked at number nine on US Billboard 200 and received positive reviews from critics . She followed this up with the 1980s pop and R&B -- inspired extended play True -LRB- 2012 -RRB- on Columbia Records and her imprint Saint Records . Her third studio album , A Seat at the Table -LRB- 2016 -RRB- became her first number-one album in the United States . The album 's first single , `` Cranes in the Sky '' won the Grammy for Best R&B Performance . In December 2016 , Billboard magazine ranked her as the 100th most successful dance artist of all-time .   Knowles is heavily influenced by Motown girl groups and says that her first passion is songwriting . She is frequently compared by the media to her sister , Beyoncé , but Solange insists they have different aspirations and are musically different . Her other ventures include an endorsement deal with Rimmel London and a line of hip-hop-oriented merchandise for young children . On November 16 , 2014 , Knowles married music video director Alan Ferguson in New Orleans , Louisiana .


query: Tom Morello worked in rock music.

document: Thomas Baptiste Morello -LRB- born May 30 , 1964 -RRB- is an American musician , singer , songwriter , actor and political activist . He is best known for his tenure with the band Rage Against the Machine and then with Audioslave . As of 2016 , Morello is a member of the supergroup Prophets of Rage . Morello was also a touring musician with Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band . He is also known for his acoustic solo act called The Nightwatchman , and Street Sweeper Social Club . Morello is also the co-founder -LRB- along with Serj Tankian -RRB- of the non-profit political activist organization Axis of Justice , which airs a monthly program on Pacifica Radio station KPFK -LRB- 90.7 FM -RRB- in Los Angeles .   Born in Harlem , New York , and raised in Libertyville , Illinois , Morello became interested in music and politics while in high school . He attended Harvard University and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Social Studies . After his previous band Lock Up disbanded , Morello met Zack de la Rocha , and the two founded Rage Against the Machine together . The group went on to become one of the most popular and influential rock acts of the 1990s .   He is best known for his unique and creative guitar playing style , which incorporates feedback noise , unconventional picking and tapping as well as heavy use of guitar effects . Morello is also noted for his leftist political views and activism ; his creation of his side project The Nightwatchman offered an outlet for his views while playing apolitical music with Audioslave . He was ranked number 40 in Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the `` 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time '' .


query: Diana is a studio album by Diana Ross.

document: Diana -LRB- stylized as diana -RRB- is the tenth studio solo album by American singer Diana Ross , released on May 22 , 1980 by Motown Records . The album is the biggest-selling studio album of Ross 's career , selling nine million copies worldwide and spawning three international hit singles , including the US number 1 hit `` Upside Down '' . All songs are composed , played and produced by Chic members Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards .


query: How I Met Your Mother featured a performance by Katie Holmes.

document: Kate Noelle Holmes -LRB- born December 18 , 1978 -RRB- is an American actress who first achieved fame for her role as Joey Potter on The WB television teen drama Dawson 's Creek from 1998 to 2003 . She appeared in 1998 's Disturbing Behavior , a thriller , which won her an MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance . In 2000 Holmes featured in Wonder Boys which got positive attention from many leading critics .   Holmes had a starring role in 2003 's Pieces of April , a gritty comedy about a dysfunctional family on Thanksgiving . In the 2005 film Batman Begins , the highest-grossing film of her career to date , she played Rachel Dawes , Gotham City 's assistant district attorney and Bruce Wayne 's childhood sweetheart . She also appeared in art house films such as The Ice Storm , horror films such as Do n't Be Afraid of the Dark and thrillers including Abandon . She has also played on Broadway in a production of Arthur Miller 's All My Sons and had numerous guest roles on television programs such as How I Met Your Mother . In 2011 , she starred as Jacqueline Kennedy in the The Kennedys miniseries , a role she later reprised in the 2017 miniseries The Kennedys : After Camelot .   Her marriage to actor Tom Cruise from 2006 to 2012 led to a great deal of media attention , with the pair being called a supercouple and given the nickname `` TomKat '' .


query: Machine Gun Kelly (rapper) brought out a record in 2012.

document: Colson Baker -LRB- born April 22 , 1990 -RRB- , better known by his stage names MGK and Machine Gun Kelly , is an American rapper and actor , from Cleveland , Ohio . MGK embarked on a musical career as a teenager , releasing a mixtape in 2006 . He would then go on to release four further mixtapes .   MGK then secured a recording contract with Bad Boy and Interscope Records in 2011 . His major label debut album , Lace Up , was released in October 2012 to positive response from critics . The record contained the singles `` Wild Boy '' , `` Invincible '' , `` Stereo '' , and `` Hold On -LRB- Shut Up -RRB- '' , and debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 chart ; it was later confirmed to have sold more than 178,000 copies . In early 2015 , he released the singles `` Till I Die '' and `` A Little More '' for his second studio album , General Admission , which released in October 2015 , and also debuted at number four in the US . The album incorporated darker tones , rap rock , R&B , and storytelling .   MGK has also appeared in various films , starring in Beyond the Lights , as Kid Culprit . He would then star in Roadies as Wesley -LRB- a.k.a. Wes -RRB- , before being cast in lead roles in Viral , Punk 's Dead : SLC Punk 2 and Nerve .


query: The ganglia of spiders are fused into one mass.

document: Spiders -LRB- order Araneae -RRB- are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs and chelicerae with fangs that inject venom . They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all other orders of organisms . Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except for Antarctica , and have become established in nearly every habitat with the exceptions of air and sea colonization . , at least 45,700 spider species , and 113 families have been recorded by taxonomists . However , there has been dissension within the scientific community as to how all these families should be classified , as evidenced by the over 20 different classifications that have been proposed since 1900 .   Anatomically , spiders differ from other arthropods in that the usual body segments are fused into two tagmata , the cephalothorax and abdomen , and joined by a small , cylindrical pedicel . Unlike insects , spiders do not have antennae . In all except the most primitive group , the Mesothelae , spiders have the most centralized nervous systems of all arthropods , as all their ganglia are fused into one mass in the cephalothorax . Unlike most arthropods , spiders have no extensor muscles in their limbs and instead extend them by hydraulic pressure .   Their abdomens bear appendages that have been modified into spinnerets that extrude silk from up to six types of glands . Spider webs vary widely in size , shape and the amount of sticky thread used . It now appears that the spiral orb web may be one of the earliest forms , and spiders that produce tangled cobwebs are more abundant and diverse than orb-web spiders . Spider-like arachnids with silk-producing spigots appeared in the Devonian period about , but these animals apparently lacked spinnerets . True spiders have been found in Carboniferous rocks from , and are very similar to the most primitive surviving suborder , the Mesothelae . The main groups of modern spiders , Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae , first appeared in the Triassic period , before .   A herbivorous species , Bagheera kiplingi , was described in 2008 , but all other known species are predators , mostly preying on insects and on other spiders , although a few large species also take birds and lizards . It is estimated that the world 's 25 million tons of spiders kill 400 -- 800 million tons of prey per year . Spiders use a wide range of strategies to capture prey : trapping it in sticky webs , lassoing it with sticky bolas , mimicking the prey to avoid detection , or running it down . Most detect prey mainly by sensing vibrations , but the active hunters have acute vision , and hunters of the genus Portia show signs of intelligence in their choice of tactics and ability to develop new ones . Spiders ' guts are too narrow to take solids , and they liquefy their food by flooding it with digestive enzymes . They also grind food with the bases of their pedipalps , as arachnids do not have the mandibles that crustaceans and insects have .   Male spiders identify themselves by a variety of complex courtship rituals to avoid being eaten by the females . Males of most species survive a few matings , limited mainly by their short life spans . Females weave silk egg-cases , each of which may contain hundreds of eggs . Females of many species care for their young , for example by carrying them around or by sharing food with them . A minority of species are social , building communal webs that may house anywhere from a few to 50,000 individuals . Social behavior ranges from precarious toleration , as in the widow spiders , to co-operative hunting and food-sharing . Although most spiders live for at most two years , tarantulas and other mygalomorph spiders can live up to 25 years in captivity .   While the venom of a few species is dangerous to humans , scientists are now researching the use of spider venom in medicine and as non-polluting pesticides . Spider silk provides a combination of lightness , strength and elasticity that is superior to that of synthetic materials , and spider silk genes have been inserted into mammals and plants to see if these can be used as silk factories . As a result of their wide range of behaviors , spiders have become common symbols in art and mythology symbolizing various combinations of patience , cruelty and creative powers . An abnormal fear of spiders is called arachnophobia .


query: Tubelight had the producer Kabir Khan.

document: Tubelight is an upcoming Indian historical war drama film written , and directed by Kabir Khan . The film is produced by Salman Khan and Kabir Khan . Set in the 1962 Sino-Indian War , it stars Salman Khan in the lead role who plays a man from India . It is confirmed from the director that Shah Rukh Khan will play a cameo on the film . Julius Packiam and Pritam will compose the music of the film , with the former composing the film score and latter composing the songs . The film is scheduled for release on 23 June 2017 during EID Festival . The end credits in the teaser revealed that the story of the film is based on the 2015 movie Little Boy . .


query: Pregnancy includes the symptom of hunger.

document: Pregnancy , also known as gestation , is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman . A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring , such as with twins . Pregnancy can occur by sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology . Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the last menstrual period -LRB- LMP -RRB- . This is just over nine lunar months , where each month is about 29 1/2 days . When measured from conception it is about 38 weeks . An embryo is the developing offspring during the first eight weeks following conception , after which , the term fetus is used until birth . Symptoms of early pregnancy may include missed periods , tender breasts , nausea and vomiting , hunger , and frequent urination . Pregnancy may be confirmed with a pregnancy test .   Pregnancy is typically divided into three trimesters . The first trimester is from week one through 12 and includes conception . Conception is when the sperm fertilizes the egg . The fertilized egg then travels down the fallopian tube and attaches to the inside of the uterus , where it begins to form the embryo and placenta . The first trimester carries the highest risk of miscarriage -LRB- natural death of embryo or fetus -RRB- . The second trimester is from week 13 through 28 . Around the middle of the second trimester , movement of the fetus may be felt . At 28 weeks , more than 90 % of babies can survive outside of the uterus if provided with high-quality medical care . The third trimester is from 29 weeks through 40 weeks .   Prenatal care improves pregnancy outcomes . Prenatal care may include taking extra folic acid , avoiding drugs and alcohol , regular exercise , blood tests , and regular physical examinations . Complications of pregnancy may include high blood pressure of pregnancy , gestational diabetes , iron-deficiency anemia , and severe nausea and vomiting among others . Term pregnancy is 37 to 41 weeks , with early term being 37 and 38 weeks , full term 39 and 40 weeks , and late term 41 weeks . After 41 weeks , it is known as post term . Babies born before 37 weeks are preterm and are at higher risk of health problems such as cerebral palsy . Delivery before 39 weeks by labor induction or caesarean section is not recommended unless required for other medical reasons .   About 213 million pregnancies occurred in 2012 , of which , 190 million were in the developing world and 23 million were in the developed world . The number of pregnancies in women ages 15 to 44 is 133 per 1,000 women . About 10 % to 15 % of recognized pregnancies end in miscarriage . In 2013 , complications of pregnancy resulted in 293,000 deaths , down from 377,000 deaths in 1990 . Common causes include maternal bleeding , complications of abortion , high blood pressure of pregnancy , maternal sepsis , and obstructed labor . Globally , 40 % of pregnancies are unplanned . Half of unplanned pregnancies are aborted . Among unintended pregnancies in the United States , 60 % of the women used birth control to some extent during the month pregnancy occurred .


query: Jessica Lange is an actor.

document: Jessica Phyllis Lange -LRB- -LSB- læŋ -RSB- born April 20 , 1949 -RRB- is an American actress who has received worldwide acclaim for her work in film , theater , and television . The recipient of several awards , including two Academy Awards , one Tony Award , three Emmy Awards , five Golden Globe Awards , one Screen Actors Guild Award , and three Dorian Awards ; in 1998 , Entertainment Weekly listed Lange among the 25 Greatest Actresses of the 1990s . In 2016 , Lange became the twenty-second thespian in history to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting .   Lange was discovered by producer Dino De Laurentiis while modeling part-time for the Wilhelmina modelling agency . She made her professional film debut in his 1976 remake of the 1933 action-adventure classic King Kong , for which she won her first Golden Globe Award , for New Star of the Year . In 1982 , she became the first performer in 40 years to receive two Oscar nominations within the same year ; she won her second Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as a soap opera star in Tootsie , and was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of the troubled actress Frances Farmer , in Frances . Lange received three more nominations before garnering a sixth Oscar nomination and winning , along with her third Golden Globe Award , the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as a manic depressive housewife in Blue Sky -LRB- 1994 -RRB- . In 1995 , Lange became the second actress in Oscar history , after Meryl Streep , to win Best Actress after winning Best Supporting Actress ; an achievement that was only repeated again after nearly 20 years by Cate Blanchett in 2014 .   In 2010 , she won her first Primetime Emmy Award for her portrayal of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis ' famed aunt , Big Edie , in HBO 's Grey Gardens -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . Between 2011 and 2014 , she won her first Screen Actors Guild Award , fifth Golden Globe Award , and second and third Emmy Awards for her performances in the first and third seasons of FX 's horror anthology series American Horror Story -LRB- 2011 -- 2015 -RRB- . In 2016 , Lange won her first Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play , an Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Lead Actress in a Play and a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play for her critically acclaimed performance in the Broadway revival of Long Day 's Journey into Night . During 2017 , Lange portrayed film legend Joan Crawford in the first season of the television series Feud , for which she received universal critical acclaim .   In addition to acting , Lange is a photographer with three published works . She has also been a foster parent and currently holds a Goodwill Ambassador position for UNICEF , specializing in HIV/AIDS in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in Russia .


query: Bryon Mann stars in The Man with the Iron Fists.

document: The Man with the Iron Fists is a 2012 American martial arts film directed by RZA and written by RZA and Eli Roth . The film stars RZA , Russell Crowe , Cung Le , Lucy Liu , Byron Mann , Rick Yune , Dave Bautista , and Jamie Chung . Set in 19th century China , the story follows a series of lone warriors who are forced to unite to defeat a common foe and save their home of Jungle Village .   Development began in 2005 when RZA shared his idea for the film with Roth . After nearly two years of development , Roth and RZA secured financial backing in May 2010 . Filming began in December 2010 on a $ 15 million budget and concluded by March 2011 . The film was shot in Shanghai and at other locations in China . RZA and Howard Drossin composed the film 's musical score , and RZA produced its soundtrack , which featured several new songs by various artists . A series of concerts featuring music from the soundtrack were held to promote the film .   The film was released in North America on November 2 , 2012 . Critics were divided over the film 's homage to martial arts films , considering it well-choreographed and representative of the genre , but offering nothing original , and the direction was criticized for a lack of refinement . The performances of Crowe and Mann were well received . The film earned $ 19 million at the box office .


query: The Kingdom of Georgia fell.

document: The Kingdom of Georgia , also known as the Georgian Empire , was a medieval monarchy which emerged in circa 1008 AD . It reached its Golden Age of political and economic strength during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar the Great from 11th to 13th centuries . At the peak of its dominance , the kingdom 's influence spanned from the south of modern-day Ukraine to the northern provinces of Iran , while also maintaining religious possessions in the Holy Land and Greece . A predominantly Christian , Georgian-speaking realm , it was the principal historical precursor of present-day Georgia .   Lasting for several centuries , the kingdom fell to the Mongol invasions in the 13th century , but managed to re-assert sovereignty by the 1340s . The following decades were marked by Black Death spread by the nomads , as well as numerous invasions under the leadership of Tamerlane , who devastated the country 's economy , population , and urban centers . The Kingdom 's geopolitical situation further worsened after the Fall of Constantinople , which effectively marked the end of the Eastern Roman Empire , Georgia 's traditional ally . As a result of these processes , by the end of the 15th century Georgia turned into an isolated , fractured Christian enclave , surrounded by hostile Turco-Iranic neighbors . Renewed incursions from 1386 led to the final collapse of the kingdom into anarchy by 1466 and the mutual recognition of its constituent kingdoms of Kartli , Kakheti and Imereti as independent states between 1490 and 1493 .


query: Alpha House's inspiration is Senator Dick Durbin.

document: Alpha House is an American political satire web television series produced by Amazon Studios . The show stars John Goodman , Clark Johnson , Matt Malloy and Mark Consuelos as four Republican U.S. Senators who share a house in Washington , D.C. . It was created by Doonesbury creator Garry Trudeau . The show premiered on Amazon.com on April 19 , 2013 .   The series is inspired by several actual Democratic legislators who share a row house in D.C. : Senator Dick Durbin -LRB- D-IL -RRB- , Senator Chuck Schumer -LRB- D-NY -RRB- , and Representative George Miller -LRB- D-CA -RRB- . The series has a number of cameos from celebrities such as Bill Murray -LRB- as Senator Vernon Smits -RRB- and politicians such as Schumer as himself .  Amazon Studios offered the first three episodes of Alpha House for free , with each subsequent episode released weekly thereafter for Amazon Prime members on Amazon Video .   On February 11 , 2014 , the series was renewed for a second season . Production for the second season began filming in July 2014 , and the entire second season became available on Amazon.com on October 24 , 2014 . The series was canceled after the second season .


query: Michael Caine starred in a movie.

document: Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner . The film was written and directed by Woody Allen , who stars along with Mia Farrow as Hannah , Michael Caine as her husband , and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters .   The film 's ensemble cast also includes Carrie Fisher , Farrow 's mother Maureen O'Sullivan , Lloyd Nolan -LRB- who died in September 1985 , more than four months before the film 's release -RRB- , Max von Sydow and Julie Kavner . Daniel Stern , Richard Jenkins , Fred Melamed , Lewis Black , Joanna Gleason , John Turturro , and Julia Louis-Dreyfus all have minor roles , while Tony Roberts and Sam Waterston make uncredited cameo appearances . Several of Farrow 's children , including a pre-adolescent Soon-Yi Previn -LRB- who married Allen in 1997 -RRB- , have credited and uncredited roles , mostly as Thanksgiving extras .   Hannah and Her Sisters was for a long time Allen 's biggest box office hit -LRB- forgoing adjustment for inflation -RRB- , with a North American gross of US$ 40 million . The film won Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay , Best Supporting Actor , and Best Supporting Actress . It is often considered one of Allen 's major works , with critics continuing to praise its writing and ensemble cast .


query: Qatar borders Saudi Arabia.

document: Qatar -LRB- -LSB- ˈkætɑːr -RSB- , -LSB- kəˈtɑːr -RSB- قطر -LSB- ˈqɑtˤɑr -RSB- Local vernacular pronunciation : -LSB- ˈɡɪtˤɑr -RSB- -RRB- , officially the State of Qatar , is a sovereign country located in Western Asia , occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south , with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf . A strait in the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island country of Bahrain , as well as sharing maritime borders with the United Arab Emirates and Iran .   Following Ottoman rule , Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971 . Qatar has been ruled by the House of Thani since the early 19th century . Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani was the founder of the State of Qatar . Qatar is a hereditary monarchy and its head of state is Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani . Whether it should be regarded as a constitutional or an absolute monarchy is a matter of opinion . In 2003 , the constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum , with almost 98 % in favour . In early 2017 , Qatar 's total population was 2.6 million : 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates .   Qatar is a high income economy , backed by the world 's third largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves . The country has the highest per capita income in the world . Qatar is classified by the UN as a country of very high human development and is the most advanced Arab state for human development . Qatar is a significant power in the Arab world , supporting several rebel groups during the Arab Spring both financially and through its globally expanding media group , Al Jazeera Media Network . For its size , Qatar wields disproportionate influence in the world , and has been identified as a middle power . Qatar will host the 2022 FIFA World Cup , becoming the first Arab country to do so .


query: Marlon Brando supported Native American movements.

document: Marlon Brando , Jr. -LRB- April 3 , 1924 -- July 1 , 2004 -RRB- was an American actor , film director and political activist . He is credited with bringing realism to film acting . He helped to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting , studying with Stella Adler in the 1940s . Brando is widely known for his Academy Award-winning performances as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront -LRB- 1954 -RRB- and Vito Corleone in The Godfather -LRB- 1972 -RRB- , as well as his performances in A Streetcar Named Desire -LRB- 1951 -RRB- , Viva Zapata ! -LRB- 1952 -RRB- , Julius Caesar -LRB- 1953 -RRB- , The Wild One -LRB- 1953 -RRB- , Guys and Dolls -LRB- 1955 -RRB- , Sayonara -LRB- 1957 -RRB- , Reflections in a Golden Eye -LRB- 1967 -RRB- , Last Tango in Paris -LRB- 1972 -RRB- , and Apocalypse Now -LRB- 1979 -RRB- . Brando was also an activist for many causes , notably the Civil Rights Movement and various Native American movements .   He initially gained acclaim and an Academy Award nomination for reprising the role of Stanley Kowalski in the 1951 film adaptation of Tennessee Williams ' play A Streetcar Named Desire , a role that he had originated successfully on Broadway . He received further praise for his performance as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront , and his portrayal of the rebel motorcycle gang leader Johnny Strabler in The Wild One proved to be a lasting image in popular culture . Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata ! ; Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewicz 's 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar ; and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in Sayonara -LRB- 1957 -RRB- , an adaption of James Michener 's 1954 novel . Brando was included in a list of Top Ten Money Making Stars three times in the 1950s , coming in at number 10 in 1954 , number 6 in 1955 , and number 4 in 1958 .   The 1960s proved to be a fallow decade for Brando . He directed and starred in the cult western film One-Eyed Jacks , a critical and commercial flop , after which he delivered a series of box-office failures , beginning with the 1962 film adaptation of the novel Mutiny on the Bounty . After 10 years , during which he did not appear in a successful film , he won his second Academy Award for playing Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola 's The Godfather , a role critics consider among his greatest . The Godfather was then one of the most commercially successful films of all time . With that and his Oscar-nominated performance in Last Tango in Paris , Brando re-established himself in the ranks of top box-office stars , placing sixth and tenth in the Money Making Stars poll in 1972 and 1973 , respectively . Brando took a four-year hiatus before appearing in The Missouri Breaks -LRB- 1976 -RRB- . After this , he was content with being a highly paid character actor in cameo roles , such as in Superman -LRB- 1978 -RRB- and The Formula -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , before taking a nine-year break from motion pictures . According to the Guinness Book of World Records , Brando was paid a record $ 3.7 million -LRB- $ million in inflation-adjusted dollars -RRB- and 11.75 % of the gross profits for 13 days ' work on Superman . He finished out the 1970s with his controversial performance as Colonel Kurtz in another Coppola film , Apocalypse Now , a box-office hit for which he was highly paid and which helped finance his career layoff during the 1980s .   Brando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950 . He was one of only three professional actors , along with Charlie Chaplin and Marilyn Monroe , named in 1999 by Time magazine as one of its 100 Most Important People of the Century . He died of respiratory failure on July 1 , 2004 , at age 80 .


query: Arrow has it's first four seasons available on Blu-ray.

document: Arrow is an American action crime television series developed by writer/producers Greg Berlanti , Marc Guggenheim , and Andrew Kreisberg . It is based on the DC Comics character Green Arrow , a costumed crime-fighter created by Mort Weisinger and George Papp . It premiered in North America on The CW on October 10 , 2012 , with international broadcasting taking place in late 2012 . Primarily filmed in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , the series follows billionaire playboy Oliver Queen -LRB- Stephen Amell -RRB- , who , five years after being stranded on a hostile island , returns home to fight crime and corruption as a secret vigilante whose weapon of choice is a bow and arrow .   The series takes a new look at the Green Arrow character , as well as other characters from the DC Comics universe . Although Oliver Queen/Green Arrow had been featured in the television series Smallville from 2006 to 2011 , on the CW , the producers decided to start clean and find a new actor to portray the character . Arrow focuses on the humanity of Oliver Queen , and how he was changed by time spent shipwrecked on an island . Most episodes in the first five seasons have flashback scenes to the five years in which Oliver was missing .   Arrow has received generally positive reviews from critics . The series averaged about 3.68 million viewers over the course of the first season and received several awards and multiple nominations . To promote it , a preview comic book was released before the television series began , while webisodes featuring a product tie-in with Bose were developed for the second season . The first four seasons are available on DVD and Blu-ray in regions 1 , 2 and 4 ; a soundtrack was also released for the first two seasons . In October 2014 , a spin-off series set in the same universe , titled The Flash , premiered . In August 2015 , an animated spin-off , Vixen , was released , while a second live-action spin-off , Legends of Tomorrow , premiered in January 2016 , featuring a number of characters from Arrow and The Flash . On March 11 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a fifth season , which premiered on October 5 , 2016 . On January 8 , 2017 , The CW renewed the show for a sixth season .


query: Tokyo was Tokugawa Ieyasu's headquarters.

document: Tokyo -LRB- -LSB- toːkjoː -RSB- , -LSB- langˈtoʊki.oʊ -RSB- -RRB- , officially Tokyo Metropolis , is the capital of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures . The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world . It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government . Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands . Formerly known as Edo , it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters . It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868 ; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo . Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .   Tokyo is often referred to as a city , but is officially known and governed as a `` metropolitan prefecture '' , which differs from and combines elements of a city and a prefecture , a characteristic unique to Tokyo . The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo -LRB- each governed as an individual city -RRB- , which cover the area that was the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the metropolitan prefecture in 1943 . The metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains . The population of the special wards is over 9 million people , with the total population of the prefecture exceeding 13 million . The prefecture is part of the world 's most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 37.8 million people and the world 's largest urban agglomeration economy . The city hosts 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies , the highest number of any city in the world . Tokyo ranked third in the International Financial Centres Development IndexEdit . The city is also home to various television networks such as Fuji TV , Tokyo MX , TV Tokyo , TV Asahi , Nippon Television , NHK and the Tokyo Broadcasting System .   Tokyo ranked first in the Global Economic Power Index and fourth in the Global Cities Index . The city is considered an alpha + world city -- as listed by the GaWC 's 2008 inventory -- and in 2014 , Tokyo was ranked first in the `` Best overall experience '' category of TripAdvisor '' 's World City Survey -LRB- the city also ranked first in the following categories : `` helpfulness of locals '' , `` nightlife '' , `` shopping '' , `` local public transportation '' and `` cleanliness of streets '' -RRB- . In 2015 , Tokyo was ranked as the 11th most expensive city for expatriates , according to the Mercer consulting firm , and also the world 's 11th most expensive city , according to the Economist Intelligence Unit 's cost-of-living survey . In 2015 , Tokyo was named the Most Liveable City in the world by the magazine Monocle '' . The Michelin Guide has awarded Tokyo by far the most Michelin stars of any city in the world .  Tokyo ranked first in the world in the Safe Cities Index . The 2016 edition of QS Best Student Cities ranked Tokyo as the 3rd-best city in the world to be a university student . Tokyo hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics , the 1979 G-7 summit , the 1986 G-7 summit , and the 1993 G-7 summit , and will host the 2020 Summer Olympics and the 2020 Summer Paralympics .


query: Charlemagne's power peaked in 800.

document: Charlemagne -LRB- -LSB- ˈʃɑːrlᵻmeɪn -RSB- -RRB- or Charles the Great -LRB- 2 April 742/747/74828 January 814 -RRB- , numbered Charles I , was the King of the Franks from 768 , King of the Lombards from 774 and Emperor of the Romans from 800 . He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages . He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier . The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded was called the Carolingian Empire .   Charlemagne was the oldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon . He became king in 768 following his father 's death , initially as co-ruler with his brother Carloman I. Carloman 's sudden death in 771 in unexplained circumstances left Charlemagne as the undisputed ruler of the Frankish Kingdom . He continued his father 's policy towards the papacy and became its protector , removing the Lombards from power in northern Italy and leading an incursion into Muslim Spain . He campaigned against the Saxons to his east , Christianising them upon penalty of death and leading to events such as the Massacre of Verden . Charlemagne reached the height of his power in 800 when he was crowned Emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day at Old St. Peter 's Basilica .   Charlemagne has been called the `` Father of Europe '' -LRB- Pater Europae -RRB- , as he united most of Western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire . His rule spurred the Carolingian Renaissance , a period of energetic cultural and intellectual activity within the Western Church . All Holy Roman Emperors considered their kingdoms to be descendants of Charlemagne 's empire , up to the last Emperor Francis II and the French and German monarchies .   However , the Eastern Orthodox Church views Charlemagne more controversially , labelling as heterodox his support of the filioque and recognition by the Bishop of Rome as legitimate Roman Emperor , rather than recognising Irene of Athens of the Eastern Roman Empire . These and other machinations led to the eventual split of Rome and Constantinople in the Great Schism of 1054 .   Charlemagne died in 814 , having ruled as emperor for thirteen years . He was laid to rest in his imperial capital of Aachen in what is today Germany . He married at least four times and had three legitimate sons , but only his son Louis the Pious survived to succeed him .