query: 2005 was the year Criminal Minds premiered.

document: Criminal Minds is an American police procedural crime drama television series created by Jeff Davis , and is the original show in the Criminal Minds franchise . It premiered on September 22 , 2005 , on the broadcast network CBS and October 5 , 2005 on CTV . The series is produced by The Mark Gordon Company , in association with CBS Television Studios and ABC Studios -LRB- a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company -RRB- . Criminal Minds is set primarily at the FBI 's Behavioral Analysis Unit -LRB- BAU -RRB- based in Quantico , Virginia . In accordance with the show 's plot , Criminal Minds differs from many procedural dramas by focusing on profiling the criminal , called the unsub or `` unknown subject '' , rather than the crime itself .   The show has an ensemble cast that has had many cast member changes since its inception . Thomas Gibson , Shemar Moore , Matthew Gray Gubler , A. J. Cook , and Kirsten Vangsness are the only actors to have appeared in every season .   The series follows a group of FBI profilers who set about catching various criminals through behavioral profiling . The plot focuses on the team working cases and on the personal lives of the characters , depicting the hardened life and statutory requirements of a profiler . The show spawned two spin-offs : Criminal Minds : Suspect Behavior -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and Criminal Minds : Beyond Borders -LRB- 2016 -- 2017 -RRB- .   On April 7 , 2017 , CBS renewed the series for a thirteenth season . The series is moving back an hour to 10 p.m. on Wednesday nights starting in the fall .


query: Steven Spielberg directed a film.

document: Steven Allan Spielberg , , -LRB- born December 18 , 1946 -RRB- is an American director , producer , and screenwriter . He is considered one of the founding pioneers of the New Hollywood era , as well as being viewed as one of the most popular directors and producers in film history . He is also one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios .   In a career spanning more than four decades , Spielberg 's films have spanned many themes and genres . Spielberg 's early science-fiction and adventure films , such as Jaws -LRB- 1975 -RRB- , Close Encounters of the Third Kind -LRB- 1977 -RRB- , Raiders of the Lost Ark -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood escapist filmmaking . In later years , his films began addressing humanistic issues such as the Holocaust , the transatlantic slave trade , civil rights , war , and terrorism in such films as The Color Purple -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , Empire of the Sun -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Schindler 's List -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , Amistad -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Saving Private Ryan -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , Munich -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , War Horse -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Lincoln -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and Bridge of Spies -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . His other films include Jurassic Park -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , A.I. Artificial Intelligence -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , and War of the Worlds -LRB- 2005 -RRB- .   Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for Schindler 's List and Saving Private Ryan , as well as receiving five other nominations . Three of Spielberg 's films -- Jaws , E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial , and Jurassic Park -- achieved box office records , originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film . The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $ 9 billion worldwide , making him the highest-grossing director in history . His personal net worth is estimated to be more than $ 3 billion . He is also known for his long-standing associations with several actors , producers , and technicians , most notably composer John Williams , who has composed music for all but two of Spielberg 's movies which are The Color Purple and Bridge of Spies .


query: Tennis is played on tennis courts.

document: Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent -LRB- singles -RRB- or between two teams of two players each -LRB- doubles -RRB- . Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent 's court . The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return . The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point , while the opposite player will .   Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages . The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket , including wheelchair users . The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham , England , in the late 19th century as `` lawn tennis '' . It had close connections both to various field -LRB- `` lawn '' -RRB- games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport of real tennis . During most of the 19th century , in fact , the term `` tennis '' referred to real tennis , not lawn tennis : for example , in Disraeli 's novel Sybil -LRB- 1845 -RRB- , Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will `` go down to Hampton Court and play tennis . ''   The rules of tennis have changed little since the 1890s . Two exceptions are that from 1908 to 1961 the server had to keep one foot on the ground at all times , and the adoption of the tiebreak in the 1970s . A recent addition to professional tennis has been the adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point challenge system , which allows a player to contest the line call of a point , a system known as Hawk-Eye .   Tennis is played by millions of recreational players and is also a popular worldwide spectator sport . The four Grand Slam tournaments -LRB- also referred to as the `` Majors '' -RRB- are especially popular : the Australian Open played on hard courts , the French Open played on red clay courts , Wimbledon played on grass courts , and the US Open played also on hard courts .


query: Grey's Anatomy is a series with dramatic elements.

document: Grey 's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on American Broadcasting Company -LRB- ABC -RRB- as a mid-season replacement on March 27 , 2005 . The series focuses on the fictional lives of surgical interns , residents and attending physicians , as they evolve into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships . The title is a play on Gray 's Anatomy , a human anatomy textbook by Henry Gray . The show 's premise originated with Shonda Rhimes , who serves as an executive producer , along with Betsy Beers , Mark Gordon , Krista Vernoff , Rob Corn , Mark Wilding , and Allan Heinberg . Although it is set in Seattle at the fictional Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital -LRB- formerly Seattle Grace -RRB- it is primarily filmed in Los Angeles , California . The show was originally titled Complications , a reference to the complicated medical procedures and personal lives of the characters .   The series was created to be racially diverse , utilizing a color-blind casting technique . It revolves around the title character , Dr. Meredith Grey , played by Ellen Pompeo . The original cast consisted of nine star-billed actors : Pompeo , Sandra Oh , Katherine Heigl , Justin Chambers , T. R. Knight , Chandra Wilson , James Pickens Jr. , Isaiah Washington and Patrick Dempsey . The cast has undergone major changes through the show 's run , with many members leaving and being replaced by others . In its twelfth season , the show had a large ensemble of sixteen actors , including four from the original cast . On February 10 , 2017 , ABC renewed Grey 's Anatomy for a fourteenth season , which will premiere in the fall of 2017 .   Grey 's Anatomy , even in its thirteenth season , is ABC 's highest-rated drama ; although its ratings have fallen over the course of its run -LRB- it was once among the overall top 10 shows in the United States -RRB- , it is still one of the highest rated shows among the 18 -- 49 demographic , and the No. 3 drama on all of broadcast television . Grey 's Anatomy has been well received by critics throughout much of its run , and has been included in various critics 's year-end top ten lists . Since its inception , the show has been described by the media outlets as a television `` phenomenon '' or a `` juggernaut , '' owing to its longevity and dominant ratings . It is considered to have had a significant impact on popular culture and has received numerous awards , including the 2007 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Drama . It has received multiple Emmy nominations , including two for Outstanding Drama Series . In 2012 , Grey 's Anatomy was named the fifth-highest revenue earning show , in terms of advertising per half-hour . It is the longest running scripted primetime show currently airing on ABC , and the second-longest scripted primetime ABC show ever .


query: A Nightmare on Elm Street has a cast including Jackie Earle Haley.

document: A Nightmare on Elm Street is a 2010 American slasher film directed by Samuel Bayer and written by Wesley Strick and Eric Heisserer as a remake of Wes Craven 's 1984 film of the same name , which revolves around a group of teenagers who are being stalked in their dreams by an enigmatic man named Freddy Krueger .   Michael Bay and Platinum Dunes produced the film for New Line Cinema , as an intention to reboot the Nightmare on Elm Street franchise , with the cast of Jackie Earle Haley , Kyle Gallner , Rooney Mara , Katie Cassidy , Thomas Dekker and Kellan Lutz . This production makes it the ninth installment of the franchise . The film was released by Warner Bros. on April 30 , 2010 . It received mainly negative reviews from critics and grossed $ 115 million against a production budget of $ 35 million , making it the highest-grossing film in the Nightmare on Elm Street franchise .


query: Hamlet (1990 film) is a film.

document: Hamlet is a 1990 drama film based on the Shakespearean tragedy of the same name , directed by Franco Zeffirelli and starring Mel Gibson as the eponymous character . The film also features Glenn Close , Alan Bates , Paul Scofield , Ian Holm , Helena Bonham Carter , Stephen Dillane , and Nathaniel Parker . An international co-production between the United States , the United Kingdom , and France , the film is notable for being the first film produced by Icon Productions , a company co-founded by Gibson .


query: Pi is an irrational number.

document: The number is a mathematical constant , the ratio of a circle 's circumference to its diameter , commonly approximated as 3.14159 . It has been represented by the Greek letter '' '' since the mid-18th century , though it is also sometimes spelled out as `` pi '' -LRB- -LSB- paɪ -RSB- -RRB- .   Being an irrational number , can not be expressed exactly as a fraction -LRB- equivalently , its decimal representation never ends and never settles into a permanent repeating pattern -RRB- . Still , fractions such as 22/7 and other rational numbers are commonly used to approximate . The digits appear to be randomly distributed . In particular , the digit sequence of is conjectured to satisfy a specific kind of statistical randomness , but to date no proof of this has been discovered . Also , is a transcendental number ; that is , a number that is not the root of any non-zero polynomial having rational coefficients . This transcendence of implies that it is impossible to solve the ancient challenge of squaring the circle with a compass and straightedge .   Ancient civilizations required fairly accurate computed values for for practical reasons . It was calculated to seven digits , using geometrical techniques , in Chinese mathematics , and to about five digits in Indian mathematics in the 5th century AD . The historically first exact formula for , based on infinite series , was not available until a millennium later , when in the 14th century the Madhava -- Leibniz series was discovered in Indian mathematics . In the 20th and 21st centuries , mathematicians and computer scientists discovered new approaches that , when combined with increasing computational power , extended the decimal representation of to many trillions of digits after the decimal point . Practically all scientific applications require no more than a few hundred digits of , and many substantially fewer , so the primary motivation for these computations is the quest to find more efficient algorithms for calculating lengthy numeric series , as well as the desire to break records . The extensive calculations involved have also been used to test supercomputers and high-precision multiplication algorithms .   Because its most elementary definition relates to the circle , is found in many formulae in trigonometry and geometry , especially those concerning circles , ellipses , and spheres . In more modern mathematical analysis , the number is instead defined using the spectral properties of the real number system , as an eigenvalue or a period , without any reference to geometry . It appears therefore in areas of mathematics and the sciences having little to do with the geometry of circles , such as number theory and statistics , as well as in almost all areas of physics . The ubiquity of makes it one of the most widely known mathematical constants both inside and outside the scientific community ; several books devoted to it have been published , the number is celebrated on Pi Day , and record-setting calculations of the digits of often result in news headlines . Attempts to memorize the value of with increasing precision have led to records of over 70,000 digits .


query: Arrested Development has attracted a cult following since 2005.

document: Arrested Development is an American television sitcom created by Mitchell Hurwitz , which originally aired on Fox for three seasons from November 2 , 2003 to February 10 , 2006 . A fourth season of 15 episodes was released on Netflix on May 26 , 2013 . The show follows the fictitious Bluth family , a formerly wealthy and habitually dysfunctional family . It is presented in a continuous format , incorporating handheld camera work and voice-over narration , as well as the use of occasional archival photos and historical footage . The show also utilizes several long-running `` Easter egg '' jokes throughout each season . Ron Howard serves as both an executive producer and the series ' uncredited narrator . Set in Newport Beach , California , Arrested Development was filmed primarily in Culver City and Marina del Rey .   After its debut in 2003 , the series received widespread critical acclaim , six Primetime Emmy Awards , and one Golden Globe Award , and has attracted a cult following , including several fan-based websites . In 2007 , Time listed the show among its `` All-TIME 100 TV Shows '' ; in 2008 , it was ranked 16th on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , IGN named Arrested Development the `` funniest show of all time '' . Its humor has been cited as a key influence on later single-camera sitcoms such as 30 Rock and Community .   Despite critical acclaim , Arrested Development received low ratings and viewership on Fox , which canceled the series in 2006 . Rumors of an additional season and a feature film persisted until 2011 , when Netflix agreed to license new episodes and distribute them exclusively on its video streaming service . These episodes were later released in 2013 . Netflix has also commissioned a fifth season of Arrested Development which will premiere in 2018 .


query: Ink Master had its first female winner in season 8.

document: Ink Master is an American reality competition television series airing on Spike which premiered on January 17 , 2012 . The show features tattoo artists who compete in various challenges assessing their tattoo and other related artistic skills . They are judged by renowned tattoo artists and enthusiasts , with one or more contestants being eliminated each episode . The last contestant standing each season receives a $ 100,000 prize and the title of Ink Master . The show is produced by Original Media which also produced the reality show Miami Ink .   The sixth season of the show premiered on June 23 , 2015 . In May , the network renewed Ink Master for a seventh season which premiered on March 1 , 2016 . The eighth season of the tattoo reality competition Ink Master -LRB- subtitled as Ink Master : Peck vs. Nuñez -RRB- premiered on August 23 , 2016 on Spike . Season 8 had its first female winner . The show has been renewed for seasons 9 and 10 . A spin-off show , titled Ink Master : Redemption , has also been released . The series has also released a number of special standalone episodes generally themed around an upcoming event or holiday such as Halloween .


query: Farrah Fawcett earned four more Golden Globe nominations for her 1980s work in TV movies.

document: Farrah Fawcett -LRB- born Ferrah Leni Fawcett ; February 2 , 1947 -- June 25 , 2009 -RRB- was an American actress and artist . A four-time Emmy Award nominee and six-time Golden Globe Award nominee , Fawcett rose to international fame when she posed for her iconic red swimsuit poster -- which became the best selling pin-up poster in history -- and starred as private investigator Jill Munroe in the first season of the television series Charlie 's Angels -LRB- 1976 -- 1977 -RRB- . In 1996 , she was ranked No. 26 on TV Guide `` 50 Greatest TV stars of All-Time '' .   Fawcett began her career in 1968 in commercials and guest roles on television . During the 1970s , she appeared in numerous television series , including recurring roles on Harry O -LRB- 1974 -- 1976 -RRB- , and The Six Million Dollar Man -LRB- 1974 -- 1978 -RRB- with then husband , film and television star Lee Majors . Her breakthrough role came in 1976 , when she was cast as Jill Munroe in the ABC series Charlie 's Angels , alongside Kate Jackson and Jaclyn Smith . The show propelled all three to stardom , but especially Fawcett -LRB- then billed as Farrah Fawcett-Majors -RRB- . After appearing in only the first season , Fawcett decided to leave the show which led to legal disputes . Eventually she signed a contract requiring her to make six guest appearances in the show 's third and fourth seasons -LRB- 1978 -- 1980 -RRB- . For her role in Charlie 's Angels she received her first Golden Globe nomination .   In 1983 , Fawcett received positive reviews for her performance in the Off-Broadway play Extremities . She was subsequently cast in the 1986 film version and received a Golden Globe nomination . She received two Emmy Award nominations for her roles in TV movies , as a battered wife in the 1984 film The Burning Bed and as real-life murderer Diane Downs in the 1989 film Small Sacrifices . Her 1980s work in TV movies also earned her four additional Golden Globe nominations .   In 1997 , she gained some negative press for a rambling appearance on The Late Show with David Letterman , but also garnered strong reviews for her role in the film The Apostle with Robert Duvall . She continued in numerous TV series , including recurring roles in the sitcom Spin City -LRB- 2001 -RRB- and the drama The Guardian -LRB- 2002 -- 2003 -RRB- . For the latter , she received her third Emmy nomination . Her film roles include , Love Is a Funny Thing -LRB- 1969 -RRB- , Myra Breckinridge -LRB- 1970 -RRB- , Logan 's Run -LRB- 1976 -RRB- , Sunburn -LRB- 1979 -RRB- , Saturn 3 -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , The Cannonball Run -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , Extremities -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , The Apostle -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , and Dr. T & the Women -LRB- 2000 -RRB- .   Fawcett was diagnosed with anal cancer in 2006 ; the 2009 NBC documentary Farrah 's Story chronicled her battle with the disease . She posthumously earned her fourth Emmy nomination for her work as a producer on the documentary .


query: The debut film of Winona Ryder was Lucas.

document: Winona Ryder -LRB- born Winona Laura Horowitz ; October 29 , 1971 -RRB- is an American actress . One of the most profitable and iconic actresses of the 1990s , she made her film debut in the 1986 film Lucas . As Lydia Deetz , a goth teenager in Tim Burton 's Beetlejuice -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , she won critical acclaim and widespread recognition . After appearances in film and on television , Ryder continued her acting career with the cult film Heathers -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , a controversial satire of teenage suicide and high school life that has since become a landmark teen film . She later appeared in the coming of age drama Mermaids -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , earning a Golden Globe nomination , and in the same year appeared alongside Johnny Depp in Burton 's dark fairy-tale Edward Scissorhands -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , and shortly thereafter with Keanu Reeves in Francis Ford Coppola 's gothic romance Bram Stoker 's Dracula -LRB- 1992 -RRB- .   Having played diverse roles in many well-received films in the mid to late 1980s and early 1990s , Ryder won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and an Academy Award nomination in the same category for her role in The Age of Innocence in 1993 , as well as another Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for her role in the literary adaptation of Little Women the following year . She later appeared in the Generation X hit Reality Bites -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , Alien : Resurrection -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , the Woody Allen comedy Celebrity -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , and Girl , Interrupted -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , which she also executive-produced . In 2000 , Ryder received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , honoring her legacy in the film industry .   Ryder 's personal life has attracted significant media attention . Her relationship with Johnny Depp in the early 1990s and a 2001 arrest for shoplifting were constant subjects of tabloid journalism . She has been open about her personal struggles with anxiety and depression .   In 2002 , she appeared in the box office hit Mr. Deeds alongside Adam Sandler . In 2006 , Ryder returned to the screen after a brief hiatus , appearing in high-profile films such as Star Trek . In 2010 , she was nominated for two Screen Actors Guild Awards : as the lead actress in When Love Is Not Enough : The Lois Wilson Story and as part of the cast of Black Swan . She also reunited with Burton for Frankenweenie -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . Since 2016 , she has starred as Joyce Byers in the Netflix supernatural-horror series Stranger Things , for which she has garnered Golden Globe and SAG nominations .


query: The 1983-84 NBA season ended after 7 Finals games.

document: The 1983 -- 84 NBA season was the 38th season of the National Basketball Association . The season ended with the Boston Celtics winning the NBA Championship , beating the Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 3 for the second time since 1969 in the NBA Finals .


query: Andy Warhol is a person.

document: Andy Warhol -LRB- -LSB- ˈwɔrhɒl -RSB- born Andrew Warhola ; August 6 , 1928 -- February 22 , 1987 -RRB- was an American artist , director and producer who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art . His works explore the relationship between artistic expression , celebrity culture , and advertising that flourished by the 1960s , and span a variety of media , including painting , silkscreening , photography , film , and sculpture . Some of his best known works include the silkscreen paintings Campbell 's Soup Cans -LRB- 1962 -RRB- and Marilyn Diptych -LRB- 1962 -RRB- , the experimental film Chelsea Girls -LRB- 1966 -RRB- , and the multimedia events known as the Exploding Plastic Inevitable -LRB- 1966 -- 67 -RRB- .   Born and raised in Pittsburgh , Warhol initially pursued a successful career as a commercial illustrator . After exhibiting his work in several galleries in the late 1950s , he began to receive recognition as an influential and controversial artist . His New York studio , The Factory , became a well-known gathering place that brought together distinguished intellectuals , drag queens , playwrights , Bohemian street people , Hollywood celebrities , and wealthy patrons . He promoted a collection of personalities known as Warhol superstars , and is credited with coining the widely used expression `` 15 minutes of fame . '' In the late 1960s , he managed and produced the experimental rock band The Velvet Underground and founded Interview magazine . He authored numerous books , including The Philosophy of Andy Warhol and Popism : The Warhol Sixties . He is also notable as a gay man who lived openly as such before the gay liberation movement . After a gallbladder surgery in 1987 , Warhol died in February of that year at the age of 58 .   Warhol has been the subject of numerous retrospective exhibitions , books , and feature and documentary films . The Andy Warhol Museum in his native city of Pittsburgh , which holds an extensive permanent collection of art and archives , is the largest museum in the United States dedicated to a single artist . Many of his creations are very collectible and highly valuable . The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is US$ 105 million for a 1963 canvas titled `` Silver Car Crash -LRB- Double Disaster -RRB- '' ; his works include some of the most expensive paintings ever sold . A 2009 article in The Economist described Warhol as the `` bellwether of the art market '' .


query: Destiny was the first game in a agreement between Bungie and Activision.

document: Destiny is an online-only multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Activision . It was released worldwide on September 9 , 2014 , for the PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One consoles . Destiny marked Bungie 's first new console franchise since the Halo series , and it is the first game in a ten-year agreement between Bungie and Activision . Set in a `` mythic science fiction '' world , the game features a multiplayer `` shared-world '' environment with elements of role-playing games . Activities in Destiny are divided among player versus environment -LRB- PvE -RRB- and player versus player -LRB- PvP -RRB- game types . In addition to normal story missions , PvE features three-player `` strikes '' and six-player raids . A free roam patrol mode is also available for each planet and features public events . PvP features objective-based modes , as well as traditional deathmatch game modes .   Players take on the role of a Guardian , protectors of Earth 's last safe city as they wield a power called Light to protect the City from different alien races . Guardians are tasked with reviving a celestial being called the Traveler , while journeying to different planets to investigate and destroy the alien threats before humanity is completely wiped out . Bungie released four expansion packs , furthering the story , and adding new content , missions , and new PvP modes . Year One of Destiny featured two small expansions , The Dark Below in December 2014 and House of Wolves in May 2015 . A third , larger expansion , The Taken King , was released in September 2015 and marked the beginning of Year Two , changing much of the core gameplay . In December 2015 , Destiny shifted to an event-based model , featuring more limited-time events . A new , large expansion called Rise of Iron was released in September 2016 , beginning Year Three . Rise of Iron was only released for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One ; PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 clients subsequently stopped receiving updates . A full sequel , Destiny 2 , is scheduled for September 2017 .   Upon its release , Destiny received mixed to positive reviews with criticism centered mostly around the game 's storyline and post-campaign content . The game was praised for maintaining lineage from the Halo franchise , particularly in regards to its competitive experiences . On day one of its release , it sold over US$ 500 million at retail , making it the biggest new franchise launch of all time . It was GamesRadar 's 2014 Game of the Year and it received the BAFTA Award for Best Game at the 2014 British Academy Video Games Awards .


query: United States Congress has 435 Representatives and 100 Senators.

document: The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers : the Senate and the House of Representatives . The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington , D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment . Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party , and only rarely to a third party or as independents . Congress has 535 voting members : 435 Representatives and 100 Senators . The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members . These members can , however , sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation . These members represent Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands .   The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election .


query: Aliens (film) has characters.

document: Aliens is a 1986 American science fiction horror film written and directed by James Cameron , produced by Gale Anne Hurd and starring Sigourney Weaver , Carrie Henn , Michael Biehn , Paul Reiser , Lance Henriksen , William Hope , and Bill Paxton . It is the sequel to the 1979 film Alien and the second installment in the Alien franchise . The film follows Weaver 's character Ellen Ripley as she returns to the moon where her crew encountered the hostile Alien creature , this time accompanied by a unit of space marines .   Gordon Carroll , David Giler , and Walter Hill of Brandywine Productions , who produced the first film and its later sequels , served as executive producers on Aliens . They were interested in a follow-up to Alien as soon as its 1979 release , but the new management at 20th Century Fox postponed those plans until 1983 . That year Brandywine picked Cameron to write after reading his script for The Terminator ; when that film became a hit in 1984 , Fox greenlit Aliens with Cameron as director and a budget of approximately . The script was written with a war film tone influenced by the Vietnam War to contrast the horror motifs of the original Alien . It was filmed in England at Pinewood Studios and at a decommissioned power plant in Acton , London .   Aliens grossed worldwide . It was nominated for seven Academy Awards , including a Best Actress nomination for Sigourney Weaver , winning both Sound Effects Editing and Visual Effects . It won eight Saturn Awards , including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Actress for Weaver and Best Direction and Best Writing for Cameron . Aliens is considered one of the best films in its genre .   A sequel Alien 3 was released in 1992 , with Sigourney Weaver reprising her role as Ellen Ripley and Lance Henriksen as Bishop in the film .


query: Gwen Stefani is the lead vocalist of No Doubt.

document: Gwen Renée Stefani -LRB- -LSB- gwɛn_ˈstəˈfɑːni -RSB- born October 3 , 1969 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , fashion designer , actress , and television personality . She is the co-founder and lead vocalist of the band No Doubt that experienced major success after their breakthrough studio album Tragic Kingdom -LRB- 1995 -RRB- along with various successful singles , including `` Just a Girl '' , `` Do n't Speak '' , `` Hey Baby '' , and `` It 's My Life '' . During the band 's hiatus , Stefani embarked on a solo pop career in 2004 by releasing her debut studio album Love . Angel . Music . Baby . Inspired by pop music from the 1980s , the album was met with both critical and commercial success . It spawned three commercially successful singles : `` What You Waiting For ? '' , `` Rich Girl '' , and `` Hollaback Girl '' , the latter reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 while also becoming the first US download to sell one million copies . In 2006 Stefani released her second studio album The Sweet Escape . The album produced two successful singles : `` Wind It Up '' and the album 's title track `` The Sweet Escape '' . Her third solo album This Is What the Truth Feels Like was released in March 2016 and became her first solo number-one album on the Billboard 200 .   Stefani has won three Grammy Awards . As a solo artist she has received various accolades , including an American Music Award , Brit Award , World Music Award and two Billboard Music Awards . In 2003 , she debuted her clothing line L.A.M.B. and expanded her collection with the 2005 Harajuku Lovers line , drawing inspiration from Japanese culture and fashion . Stefani performs and makes public appearances with four back-up dancers known as the Harajuku Girls . She was married to British musician Gavin Rossdale from 2002 to 2015 and they have three sons . Billboard magazine ranked Stefani the 54th most successful artist and 37th most successful Hot 100 artist of the 2000 -- 09 decade . VH1 ranked her 13th on their `` 100 Greatest Women in Music '' list in 2012 . Including her work with No Doubt , Stefani has sold more than 30 million albums worldwide .


query: Daniel Craig starred in a movie.

document: Daniel Wroughton Craig -LRB- born 2 March 1968 -RRB- is an English actor . He trained at the National Youth Theatre and graduated from the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in 1991 , before beginning his career on stage . His film debut was in the drama The Power of One -LRB- 1992 -RRB- . Other early appearances were in the Disney family film A Kid in King Arthur 's Court -LRB- 1995 -RRB- and the biographical film Elizabeth -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , as well as in the historical war drama television series Sharpe 's Eagle -LRB- 1993 -RRB- and the action-adventure drama series Zorro . Cast as the fictional British secret agent James Bond in October 2005 , his first film in the role , Casino Royale , was released internationally in November 2006 .   Craig 's appearances in the British television film Love Is the Devil : Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , the indie war film The Trench -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , and the drama Some Voices -LRB- 2000 -RRB- attracted the film industry 's attention . This led to roles in bigger productions such as the action film Lara Croft : Tomb Raider -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , the crime thriller Road to Perdition -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , the crime thriller Layer Cake -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , and the Steven Spielberg historical drama Munich -LRB- 2005 -RRB- . Craig achieved international fame when chosen as the sixth actor to play the role of Ian Fleming 's James Bond in the official film series , taking over from Pierce Brosnan in 2005 . Although his casting was initially greeted with scepticism , his debut was highly acclaimed and earned him a BAFTA award nomination , with Casino Royale becoming the highest-grossing in the series at the time . Quantum of Solace followed two years later .   Craig 's third Bond film , Skyfall , premiered in 2012 and is currently the highest-grossing film in the series , was the highest-grossing film in the UK until 2015 and the fifteenth highest-grossing film of all time . Craig 's fourth Bond film , Spectre , premiered in 2015 . In 2006 , he joined the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . Since taking the role of Bond , he has continued to star in other films , including the World War II film Defiance -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , science fiction Western Cowboys & Aliens -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , and the English-language adaptation of Stieg Larsson 's mystery thriller The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . Craig also made a guest appearance as Bond in the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympic Games , alongside Queen Elizabeth II . As of 20 February 2017 , Craig is the second longest serving James Bond , surpassed only by Roger Moore .


query: The Weeknd has an album.

document: The Weeknd -LRB- born Abel Makkonen Tesfaye ; February 16 , 1990 -RRB- is a Canadian singer , songwriter , and record producer . The Weeknd initially gained recognition after anonymously uploading several songs to YouTube in late 2010 . This allowed him to release of his debut mixtape , House of Balloons , in early 2011 . He released two further independent projects later that year , Thursday and Echoes of Silence , before signing to Republic Records in September 2012 .   The three mixtapes received widespread critical acclaim upon release , and proceeded the release of the compilation album Trilogy . In 2013 , he released his debut studio album Kiss Land , which debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 . It was later confirmed to have sold over 273,000 copies in the United States .   The Weeknd released his second album , Beauty Behind the Madness , in 2015 , breaking chart records in the process . It saw him become the first ever artist to have simultaneously held the top three spots on the Billboard Hot R&B Songs chart , with `` Earned It '' , `` The Hills '' , and `` Ca n't Feel My Face '' . It also became his first number one album on the US Billboard 200 , and saw triple platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- . The album additionally oversaw his first Grammy Award win for Best Urban Contemporary Album , as well as `` Earned It '' winning Best R&B Performance . He won both awards at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony in 2016 .   He released his third studio album , Starboy , in 2016 to generally positive critical reception . The album 's title track topped the chart in several countries , including the U.S. , the UK and Canada , and became The Weeknd 's third number-one single . It gave him his second consecutive number one album , which also later saw platinum certification .   Alongside his Grammy Award wins , The Weeknd has won nine Juno Awards and two American Music Awards . He has also founded the record label XO , and is a producer under both his given and stage names .


query: Tokyo was formerly known by another name.

document: Tokyo -LRB- -LSB- toːkjoː -RSB- , -LSB- langˈtoʊki.oʊ -RSB- -RRB- , officially Tokyo Metropolis , is the capital of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures . The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world . It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government . Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands . Formerly known as Edo , it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters . It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868 ; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo . Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .   Tokyo is often referred to as a city , but is officially known and governed as a `` metropolitan prefecture '' , which differs from and combines elements of a city and a prefecture , a characteristic unique to Tokyo . The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo -LRB- each governed as an individual city -RRB- , which cover the area that was the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the metropolitan prefecture in 1943 . The metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains . The population of the special wards is over 9 million people , with the total population of the prefecture exceeding 13 million . The prefecture is part of the world 's most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 37.8 million people and the world 's largest urban agglomeration economy . The city hosts 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies , the highest number of any city in the world . Tokyo ranked third in the International Financial Centres Development IndexEdit . The city is also home to various television networks such as Fuji TV , Tokyo MX , TV Tokyo , TV Asahi , Nippon Television , NHK and the Tokyo Broadcasting System .   Tokyo ranked first in the Global Economic Power Index and fourth in the Global Cities Index . The city is considered an alpha + world city -- as listed by the GaWC 's 2008 inventory -- and in 2014 , Tokyo was ranked first in the `` Best overall experience '' category of TripAdvisor '' 's World City Survey -LRB- the city also ranked first in the following categories : `` helpfulness of locals '' , `` nightlife '' , `` shopping '' , `` local public transportation '' and `` cleanliness of streets '' -RRB- . In 2015 , Tokyo was ranked as the 11th most expensive city for expatriates , according to the Mercer consulting firm , and also the world 's 11th most expensive city , according to the Economist Intelligence Unit 's cost-of-living survey . In 2015 , Tokyo was named the Most Liveable City in the world by the magazine Monocle '' . The Michelin Guide has awarded Tokyo by far the most Michelin stars of any city in the world .  Tokyo ranked first in the world in the Safe Cities Index . The 2016 edition of QS Best Student Cities ranked Tokyo as the 3rd-best city in the world to be a university student . Tokyo hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics , the 1979 G-7 summit , the 1986 G-7 summit , and the 1993 G-7 summit , and will host the 2020 Summer Olympics and the 2020 Summer Paralympics .


query: Margot Kidder won an award in 2015.

document: Margaret Ruth `` Margot '' Kidder -LRB- born October 17 , 1948 -RRB- is a Canadian American actress and activist . She rose to fame in 1978 for her role as Lois Lane in the Superman film series , opposite Christopher Reeve . Kidder began her career in the 1960s appearing in low-budget Canadian films and television series , before landing a lead role in Quackser Fortune Has a Cousin in the Bronx -LRB- 1970 -RRB- .   She then appeared playing Siamese twins in Brian De Palma 's cult thriller Sisters -LRB- 1973 -RRB- ; in the slasher film Black Christmas -LRB- 1974 -RRB- ; and the drama The Great Waldo Pepper -LRB- 1975 -RRB- , opposite Robert Redford . Her performance as Kathy Lutz in the blockbuster horror film The Amityville Horror -LRB- 1979 -RRB- gained her further mainstream exposure .   After a highly publicized manic episode and nervous breakdown in 1996 , Kidder 's career began to slow . By the 2000s , however , she had maintained steady work in independent films as well as television , with guest-starring roles on Smallville , Brothers & Sisters , and The L Word . In 2015 , she won an Emmy Award for her performance on the children 's television series R.L. Stine 's The Haunting Hour . She has also acted in theatrical productions , most notably appearing on Broadway in a 2002 production of The Vagina Monologues .   In 2005 , Kidder became a naturalized U.S. citizen . She is an outspoken political , environmental , and anti-war activist . She has also advocated the use of orthomolecular medicine , which she credits as having helped treat her bipolar disorder .


query: Pawn Sacrifice is a film that stars a director.

document: Pawn Sacrifice is a 2014 American biographical drama film . It is based on the true story of Bobby Fischer 's challenge against top Soviet chess grandmasters during the Cold War and culminating in the 1972 World Chess Championship match versus Boris Spassky in Reykjavík , Iceland . It was directed by Edward Zwick and written by Steven Knight . The film stars Tobey Maguire as Bobby Fischer , Liev Schreiber as Boris Spassky , Lily Rabe as Joan Fischer , and Peter Sarsgaard as William Lombardy . It was released in the United States on September 16 , 2015 .


query: Brian Henson produced the Muppet Christmas Carol.

document: The Muppet Christmas Carol is a 1992 American musical fantasy comedy-drama film and an adaptation of Charles Dickens 's 1843 novel A Christmas Carol . It is the fourth in a series of live-action musical films featuring The Muppets , with Michael Caine starring as Ebenezer Scrooge . Although it is a comedic film with contemporary songs , The Muppet Christmas Carol otherwise follows Dickens 's original story closely . The film was produced and directed by Brian Henson for Jim Henson Productions and released by Walt Disney Pictures .   The Muppet Christmas Carol was dedicated to the memory of Muppets creator Jim Henson and fellow puppeteer Richard Hunt , who died during pre-production .


query: Sachin Tendulkar is an athlete.

document: Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar -LRB- -LSB- sətʃɪn_tɛnˈduːlkər -RSB- born 24 April 1973 -RRB- is a former Indian cricketer and captain , widely regarded as one of the greatest batsmen of all time . He took up cricket at the age of eleven , made his Test debut on 15 November 1989 against Pakistan in Karachi at the age of sixteen , and went on to represent Mumbai domestically and India internationally for close to twenty-four years . He is the only player to have scored one hundred international centuries , the first batsman to score a double century in a One Day International , the holder of the record for the number of runs in both ODI and Test cricket , and the only player to complete more than 30,000 runs in international cricket .   In 2002 , just halfway through his career , Wisden Cricketers ' Almanack ranked him the second greatest Test batsman of all time , behind Don Bradman , and the second greatest ODI batsman of all time , behind Viv Richards . Later in his career , Tendulkar was a part of the Indian team that won the 2011 World Cup , his first win in six World Cup appearances for India . He had previously been named `` Player of the Tournament '' at the 2003 edition of the tournament , held in South Africa . In 2013 , he was the only Indian cricketer included in an all-time Test World XI named to mark the 150th anniversary of Wisden Cricketers ' Almanack .   Tendulkar received the Arjuna Award in 1994 for his outstanding sporting achievement , the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 1997 , India 's highest sporting honour , and the Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan awards in 1999 and 2008 , respectively , India 's fourth and second highest civilian awards . After a few hours of his final match on 16 November 2013 , the Prime Minister 's Office announced the decision to award him the Bharat Ratna , India 's highest civilian award . He is the youngest recipient to date and the first ever sportsperson to receive the award . He also won the 2010 Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for cricketer of the year at the ICC awards . In 2012 , Tendulkar was nominated to the Rajya Sabha , the upper house of the Parliament of India . He was also the first sportsperson and the first person without an aviation background to be awarded the honorary rank of group captain by the Indian Air Force . In 2012 , he was named an Honorary Member of the Order of Australia .   In December 2012 , Tendulkar announced his retirement from ODIs . He retired from Twenty20 cricket in October 2013 and subsequently announced his retirement from all forms of cricket , retiring on 16 November 2013 after playing his 200th and final Test match , against the West Indies in Mumbai 's Wankhede Stadium . Tendulkar played 664 international cricket matches in total , scoring 34,357 runs .


query: Tupac Shakur was inducted into a place that recognizes people that has influence on the development of rock on the fourth month of the U.S Calendar year.

document: Tupac Amaru Shakur -LRB- -LSB- ˈtuːpɑːk_ʃəˈkʊər -RSB- ; born Lesane Parish Crooks ; June 16 , 1971September 13 , 1996 -RRB- , also known by his stage names 2Pac , Makaveli , and Pac , was an American rapper , record producer , actor , and poet . As of 2007 , Shakur has sold over 75 million records worldwide . His double disc albums All Eyez on Me and his Greatest Hits are among the best-selling albums in the United States . He has been listed and ranked as one of the greatest artists of all time by many publications , including Rolling Stone , which ranked him 86th on its list of The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time . He is consistently ranked as one of the greatest and most influential rappers of all time . On April 7 , 2017 , Shakur was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame .   Shakur began his career as a roadie , backup dancer , and MC for the alternative hip hop group Digital Underground , eventually branching off as a solo artist . Most of the themes in Shakur 's songs revolved around the violence and hardship in inner cities , racism , and other social problems . Both of his parents and several other people in his family were members of the Black Panther Party , whose ideals were reflected in his songs . During the latter part of his career , Shakur was a vocal participant during the East Coast -- West Coast hip hop rivalry , becoming involved in conflicts with other rappers , producers , and record-label staff members , most notably The Notorious B.I.G. and the label Bad Boy Records .   On September 7 , 1996 , Shakur was fatally shot in a drive-by shooting at the intersection of Flamingo Road and Koval Lane in Las Vegas , Nevada . He was taken to the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada , where he died six days later .


query: Howard Hughes was a producer.

document: Howard Robard Hughes Jr. -LRB- December 24 , 1905 -- April 5 , 1976 -RRB- was an American businessman , investor , pilot , film director , and philanthropist , known during his lifetime as one of the most financially successful individuals in the world . He first made a name for himself as a film producer , and then became an influential figure in the aviation industry . Later in life , he became known for his eccentric behavior and reclusive lifestyle -- oddities that were caused in part by a worsening obsessive -- compulsive disorder -LRB- OCD -RRB- and chronic pain from a plane crash .   As a maverick film tycoon , Hughes gained prominence in Hollywood beginning in the late 1920s , when he produced big-budget and often controversial films like The Racket -LRB- 1928 -RRB- , Hell 's Angels -LRB- 1930 -RRB- , and Scarface -LRB- 1932 -RRB- . Later he controlled the RKO film studio .   Hughes formed the Hughes Aircraft Company in 1932 , hiring numerous engineers and designers . He spent the rest of the 1930s setting multiple world air speed records and building the Hughes H-1 Racer and H-4 Hercules -LRB- the `` Spruce Goose '' -RRB- . He acquired and expanded Trans World Airlines and later acquired Air West , renaming it Hughes Airwest . Hughes was included in Flying Magazine 's list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation , ranked at 25 . Today , his legacy is maintained through the Howard Hughes Medical Institute .


query: Minions had two directors.

document: Minions is a 2015 American computer-animated comedy film , serving as a spin-off/prequel to the Despicable Me franchise . Produced by Illumination Entertainment for Universal Pictures , it was directed by Pierre Coffin and Kyle Balda , written by Brian Lynch , and produced by Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy . The film stars the voices of Coffin -LRB- as the Minions , including : Kevin , Stuart and Bob -RRB- , Sandra Bullock , Jon Hamm , Michael Keaton , Allison Janney , Steve Coogan and Jennifer Saunders with the narration provided by Geoffrey Rush . It was first foreshadowed in the end credits of Despicable Me 2 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , where Kevin , Stuart and Bob , three of the Minions , are seen auditioning for the film .   Minions had its premiere on June 11 , 2015 , in Leicester Square , London , and went into general release in the United States on July 10 , 2015 . Critical response was mixed : some critics praised the comedic aspects of the film and the performances of Bullock and Hamm , while also felt that the title characters were not able to carry the film on their own , and that the villains were flatly characterized . The film has grossed over $ 1.1 billion worldwide -LRB- outgrossing each of the Despicable Me films -RRB- , making it the thirteenth highest-grossing film of all time , the second highest-grossing animated film and the highest-grossing non-Disney animated film . A sequel is scheduled to be released on July 3 , 2020 .


query: Chris Brown collaborated with a rapper.

document: `` Run It ! '' is the debut single recorded by American recording artist Chris Brown . It was written and produced by Scott Storch and Sean Garrett for his debut studio album , Chris Brown -LRB- 2005 -RRB- . It features rap verses from American rapper Juelz Santana . The song was released as a single on June 30 , 2005 . The remix features rappers Bow Wow and Jermaine Dupri and was performed at The 2006 Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards by Bow Wow and Chris Brown . The radio version of the song was featured on the 2006 compilation album Now That 's What I Call Music ! 21 .   Commercially , the song peaked inside the top ten in six countries and the top twenty in other four . The song also managed to top the charts in the United States , Australia and New Zealand . The music video earned nominations at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards for `` Best New Artist '' and `` Viewer 's Choice '' .


query: Miley Cyrus released her fifth studio album independently.

document: Miley Ray Cyrus -LRB- born Destiny Hope Cyrus ; November 23 , 1992 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , and actress . After playing minor roles in the television series Doc and the film Big Fish in her childhood , she became a teen idol starring as the character Miley Stewart in the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana in 2006 . Her father Billy Ray Cyrus also starred in the show . She subsequently signed a recording contract with Hollywood Records , and her debut studio album Meet Miley Cyrus -LRB- 2007 -RRB- was certified triple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- having shipped over three million units . She released her second album Breakout and launched her film career as a voice actress in the animated film Bolt in 2008 .   Cyrus starred in the feature film Hannah Montana : The Movie , and began cultivating a more mature image with her EP The Time of Our Lives in 2009 . In 2010 , she released her third album Ca n't Be Tamed , which stands as the lowest-selling record of her career , and starred in the coming-of-age film The Last Song . Cyrus focused on her acting career with several television and film appearances in 2011 and 2012 . Her sexually explicit behavior generated widespread controversy while promoting her fourth album Bangerz -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , her first under her recording contract with RCA Records . Cyrus ' independently-released fifth studio album Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz -LRB- 2015 -RRB- deviated from her traditional pop style for more psychedelic experimentation . In 2016 , she was a coach for the eleventh season of the singing competition series The Voice .   With Bangerz , Cyrus achieved her third number-one album on the U.S. Billboard 200 , and fifth overall including Hannah Montana soundtrack albums . She has logged eight top 10 entries on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 with : `` See You Again '' , `` 7 Things '' , `` The Climb '' , `` Party in the U.S.A. '' , `` Ca n't Be Tamed '' , `` We Ca n't Stop '' , `` Malibu '' and the chart-topping `` Wrecking Ball '' . Cyrus has earned numerous awards and nominations , as Billboard ranked her as the fourth best-selling female artist of 2009 . She was ranked number thirteen on Forbes Celebrity 100 in 2010 , and in 2013 was declared `` Artist of the Year '' by MTV . She has been included on the Time 100 list of most influential people in 2008 and 2014 .


query: A reflex is made possible by reflex arcs, which can act on an impulse before it reaches the brain.

document: A reflex , or reflex action , is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus . A reflex is made possible by neural pathways called reflex arcs which can act on an impulse before that impulse reaches the brain . The reflex is then an automatic response to a stimulus that does not receive or need conscious thought .


query: Nelson Mandela's administration retained its predecessor's liberal framework.

document: Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela -LRB- -LSB- mænˈdɛlə -RSB- 18 July 1918 -- 5 December 2013 -RRB- was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary , politician , and philanthropist , who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999 . He was the country 's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election . His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation . Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist , he served as President of the African National Congress -LRB- ANC -RRB- party from 1991 to 1997 .   A Xhosa , Mandela was born in Mvezo to the Thembu royal family . He studied law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of the Witwatersrand before working as a lawyer in Johannesburg . There he became involved in anti-colonial and African nationalist politics , joining the ANC in 1943 and co-founding its Youth League in 1944 . After the National Party 's white-only government established apartheid -- a system of racial segregation that privileged whites -- he and the ANC committed themselves to its overthrow . Mandela was appointed President of the ANC 's Transvaal branch , rising to prominence for his involvement in the 1952 Defiance Campaign and the 1955 Congress of the People . He was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the 1956 Treason Trial . Influenced by Marxism , he secretly joined the banned South African Communist Party -LRB- SACP -RRB- . Although initially committed to non-violent protest , in association with the SACP he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe in 1961 and led a sabotage campaign against the government . In 1962 , he was arrested for conspiring to overthrow the state and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Rivonia Trial .   Mandela served 27 years in prison , initially on Robben Island , and later in Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Prison . Amid growing domestic and international pressure , and with fears of a racial civil war , President F. W. de Klerk released him in 1990 . Mandela and de Klerk negotiated an end to apartheid and organised the 1994 multiracial general election in which Mandela led the ANC to victory and became President . Leading a broad coalition government which promulgated a new constitution , Mandela emphasised reconciliation between the country 's racial groups and created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate past human rights abuses . Economically , Mandela 's administration retained its predecessor 's liberal framework despite his own socialist beliefs , also introducing measures to encourage land reform , combat poverty , and expand healthcare services . Internationally , he acted as mediator in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial and served as Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999 . He declined a second presidential term and in 1999 was succeeded by his deputy , Thabo Mbeki . Mandela became an elder statesman and focused on combating poverty and HIV/AIDS through the charitable Nelson Mandela Foundation .   Mandela was a controversial figure for much of his life . Although critics on the right denounced him as a communist terrorist and those on the radical left deemed him too eager to negotiate and reconcile with apartheid 's supporters , he gained international acclaim for his activism . Widely regarded as an icon of democracy and social justice , he received more than 250 honours -- including the Nobel Peace Prize -- and became the subject of a cult of personality . He is held in deep respect within South Africa , where he is often referred to by his Xhosa clan name , Madiba , and described as the `` Father of the Nation '' .


query: Jennifer Aniston is an actress.

document: Jennifer Joanna Aniston -LRB- born February 11 , 1969 -RRB- is an American actress , producer , and businesswoman . She is the daughter of Greek-born actor John Aniston and American actress Nancy Dow . Aniston gained worldwide recognition for portraying Rachel Green on the popular television sitcom Friends -LRB- 1994 -- 2004 -RRB- , a role which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award , a Golden Globe Award , and a Screen Actors Guild Award . The character was widely popular during the airing of the series and was later recognized as one of the 100 greatest female characters in United States television .   Aniston has played the female protagonist in a number of comedies and romantic comedies . Her box office hits include Bruce Almighty -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , The Break-Up -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Marley & Me -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Just Go with It -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Horrible Bosses -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , and We 're the Millers -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , each of which have grossed over 200 million in worldwide receipts . Her most critically acclaimed roles included the role of Olivia in Friends with Money -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , The Good Girl -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , for which she was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead , and the drama Cake -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , for which she received nominations for the Golden Globe Award and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress . Her other films include Along Came Polly -LRB- 2004 -RRB- and He 's Just Not That Into You -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . In 2008 , she co-founded the production company Echo Films .   In 2012 , Aniston received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . She is one of the highest paid actresses in Hollywood , and as of 2014 , her net worth is estimated to be 150 million . She has also been included in magazines ' lists of the world 's most beautiful women . People magazine named Aniston `` The Most Beautiful Woman '' in 2004 and 2016 , and Men 's Health magazine voted her the `` Sexiest Woman of All Time '' in 2011 . Divorced from actor Brad Pitt , to whom she was married for five years , she has been married to actor Justin Theroux since 2015 .


query: A singer from Barbados made Unapologetic.

document: Robyn Rihanna Fenty -LRB- -LSB- riˈænə -RSB- born February 20 , 1988 -RRB- is a Barbadian singer , songwriter , and actress . Born in Saint Michael and raised in Bridgetown , she first entered the music industry by recording demo tapes under the direction of record producer Evan Rogers in 2003 . She ultimately signed a recording contract with Def Jam Recordings after auditioning for its then-president , hip hop producer and rapper Jay Z . In 2005 , Rihanna rose to fame with the release of her debut studio album Music of the Sun and its follow-up A Girl like Me -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , which charted on the top 10 of the US Billboard 200 and respectively produced the singles `` Pon de Replay '' and `` SOS '' .   She assumed creative control for her third studio album Good Girl Gone Bad -LRB- 2007 -RRB- and adopted a public image as a sex symbol while reinventing her music . Its successful lead single `` Umbrella '' became an international breakthrough in her career , as she won her first Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration with Jay Z in 2008 . After releasing four consecutive platinum studio albums , including the Grammy Award winner Unapologetic -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , she was recognized as a pop icon . Her eighth studio album Anti -LRB- 2016 -RRB- and its lead single `` Work '' reached number-one on the Billboard 200 and Hot 100 . Many of her songs rank among the world 's best-selling singles of all time , including the singles `` Umbrella '' , `` Take a Bow '' , `` Disturbia '' , `` Only Girl -LRB- In the World -RRB- '' , `` S&M '' , `` We Found Love '' , `` Diamonds '' , and `` Stay '' in which she is the lead artist , and her collaborations `` Live Your Life '' -LRB- with T.I. -RRB- , `` Love the Way You Lie '' and `` The Monster '' -LRB- both with Eminem -RRB- .   With sales exceeding 230 million records worldwide , Rihanna is one of the best-selling artists of all time . Rihanna is the youngest and fastest solo artist to earn fourteen number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 , and was named the Digital Songs Artist of the 2000s decade and the top Hot 100 artist of the 2010s decade by Billboard . Among numerous awards and accolades , Rihanna has won eight Grammy Awards , twelve American Music Awards , twelve Billboard Music Awards and the inaugural Icon Award at the American Music Awards of 2013 . Widely recognized for frequently reinventing her style , she received the Fashion Icon lifetime achievement award from the Council of Fashion Designers of America in 2014 . Forbes ranked Rihanna the fourth most powerful celebrity of 2012 , and was named one of Times `` 100 Most Influential People in the World '' later that year .


query: Laura Dern is an actor.

document: Laura Elizabeth Dern -LRB- born February 10 , 1967 -RRB- is an American actress . For her performance in the 1991 film Rambling Rose , she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress , while for her performance in the 2014 film Wild , she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . Her other film roles include Mask -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , Smooth Talk -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , Blue Velvet -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , Wild at Heart -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , Jurassic Park -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , Citizen Ruth -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , October Sky -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , I Am Sam -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , Inland Empire -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , The Master -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , The Fault in Our Stars -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and Star Wars : The Last Jedi -LRB- 2017 -RRB- .   Dern won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Miniseries or Television Film for the 1992 film Afterburn , and guest starred in the 1997 `` Puppy Episode '' of the sitcom Ellen . She went on to win the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television for her portrayal of Florida Secretary of State Katherine Harris in the 2008 TV film Recount , and the 2012 Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy Series for her role as Amy Jellicoe in HBO 's Enlightened -LRB- 2011 -- 13 -RRB- . She is known for her collaborations with filmmaker David Lynch , having appeared in three of his films and the revival of Twin Peaks .


query: Curse, Inc. is used by a game.

document: Curse , Inc. is an online game portal and network of gaming websites founded by Hubert Thieblot in 2006 . The company is headquartered in Huntsville , Alabama , and has offices in San Francisco , New York City , Los Angeles , Brighton , UK , and Berlin , Germany . Claiming to be the `` number one resource for core online gamers , '' Quantcast estimated monthly unique traffic in 2013 in excess of 30 million visitors . Curse has several primary functions , the most notable of which include an add-on and modification service called Curse Client for such games as World of Warcraft , Rift , The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim , Terraria , Kerbal Space Program , and Minecraft , a collection of over 1000 gaming wikis known as Gamepedia , and a Voice over IP -LRB- VoIP -RRB- service called Curse Voice .   Curse formerly sponsored a professional team , known collectively as Team Curse , that competed in League of Legends and Call of Duty '' , which in addition to various high-profile wins have garnered sponsorship from companies such as Nissan , Alienware , and Cooler Master . In January 2015 Team Curse merged with Team Liquid under the name of the latter organization .   While Curse initially offered modifications and add-ons alone through their Curse-Beta website , offerings have expanded to include Wiki services , the Curse client , CurseForge , CurseVoice , Union for Gamers , BukkitDev , and in-house content produced for YouTube .   On August 16 , 2016 , Curse announced that it had agreed to be acquired by Amazon.com Inc. via its subsidiary Twitch Interactive for an undisclosed amount .


query: Japan contains Tokyo.

document: Japan has three levels of government : national , prefectural , and municipal . The nation is divided into 47 prefectures . Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities , with 1,719 in total -LRB- January 2013 figures -RRB- . There are four types of municipalities in Japan : cities , towns , villages and special wards -LRB- the ku of Tokyo -RRB- . In Japanese , this system is known as , where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities .   The status of a municipality , if it is a village , town or city , is decided by the prefectural government . Generally , a village or town can be promoted to a city when its population increases above fifty thousand , and a city can -LRB- but need not -RRB- be demoted to a town or village when its population decreases below fifty thousand . The least-populated city , Utashinai , Hokkaidō , has a population of merely four thousand , while a town in the same prefecture , Otofuke , Hokkaidō , has nearly forty thousand residents .   Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions , also known as wards . But , unlike the Special wards of Tokyo , these wards are not municipalities .   The following are examples of 19 designated cities :  Fukuoka , the most populous city in the Kyūshū region  Hiroshima , the busy manufacturing city in the Chūgoku region of Honshū  Kobe , a major port on the Inland Sea , located in the center of Honshū near Osaka  Kitakyūshū , a city of just over one million inhabitants in Kyūshū  Kyoto , former capital , historic center and thriving modern city  Nagasaki , a port on the island of Kyūshū  Nagoya , center of a major automobile-manufacturing region on the eastern seaboard of Honshū  Osaka , a vast manufacturing city on the Inland Sea coast of Honshū  Sapporo , the largest city in Hokkaidō  Sendai , the principal center of northeast Honshū -LRB- also known as the Tōhoku region -RRB-  Yokohama , a port city just south of Tokyo   The capital , Tokyo , no longer has city status . Tokyo Prefecture now encompasses 23 special wards , each a city unto itself , as well as many other cities , towns and even villages on the Japanese mainland and outlying islands . Each of the 23 special wards of Tokyo is legally equivalent to a city , though sometimes the 23 special wards as a whole are regarded as one city . For information on the former city of Tokyo , see Tokyo City ; for information about present-day Tokyo Prefecture , see Tokyo .   See List of cities in Japan for a complete list of cities .   See also : Core city


query: Humanz features collaborations with multiple rappers.

document: Vincent Jamal `` Vince '' Staples -LRB- born July 2 , 1993 -RRB- is an American rapper from Long Beach , California . He is part of the hip hop trio Cutthroat Boyz alongside fellow Californian rappers A$ ton Matthews and Joey Fatts . Staples was once a close associate of Odd Future , in particular Mike G and Earl Sweatshirt . He is currently signed to Blacksmith Records , ARTium Recordings and Def Jam Recordings .   Staples rose to prominence with appearances on albums by Odd Future members and his collaborative mixtape titled Stolen Youth with Mac Miller , who produced the project . In October 2014 , he released his debut EP Hell Can Wait , which included the singles `` Hands Up '' and `` Blue Suede '' . His debut album , Summertime ' 06 , was released on June 30 , 2015 , to critical acclaim . He was also featured as a part of the XXL 2015 Freshman Class .


query: Derrick Rose was the youngest player to win the MVP Award.

document: Derrick Martell Rose -LRB- born October 4 , 1988 -RRB- is an American professional basketball player for the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- . He played one year of college basketball for the Memphis Tigers before being drafted first overall by his hometown Chicago Bulls in the 2008 NBA draft . After being named the NBA Rookie of the Year , Rose , at age 22 , became the youngest player to win the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in 2011 .   Rose was born and raised in the Chicago area , and attended Simeon Career Academy . He was highly recruited by NCAA scouts and coaches , eventually choosing to join the University of Memphis under Coach John Calipari . Rose led the Memphis Tigers to the most wins in NCAA history -LRB- a 38-2 record -RRB- , their first number one ranking in 25 years , and an appearance in the NCAA Championship game . In 2009 , an NCAA investigation revealed that Rose 's SAT scores had been invalidated , and as a result , the NCAA vacated Memphis ' entire 2007 -- 08 season .   Rose has struggled with significant knee injuries since his 2010 -- 11 MVP campaign . In the first round of the 2012 NBA Playoffs against the Philadelphia 76ers , Rose tore his ACL in his left knee . Rose required surgery and was subsequently sidelined for the entire 2012 -- 13 season . Rose returned to play in 2013 -- 14 . However , on November 22 , 2013 , during a regular season game against the Portland Trail Blazers , Rose injured his right meniscus which caused him to miss the remainder of the season . Rose returned once again the following season , but knee injuries continued to riddle him , causing him to miss 30 games . In June 2016 , he was traded to the New York Knicks .


query: Penny Dreadful's season was eight episodes long.

document: Penny Dreadful is a British-American horror drama television series created for Showtime and Sky by John Logan , who also acts as executive producer alongside Sam Mendes . The show was originally pitched to several US and UK channels , and eventually landed with Showtime , with Sky Atlantic as co-producer . It premiered at the South by Southwest film festival on March 9 and began airing on television on April 28 , 2014 , on Showtime on Demand . The series premiered on Showtime on May 11 , 2014 , the first in an eight-episode season . After the third-season finale on June 19 , 2016 , series creator John Logan announced that Penny Dreadful had ended as the main story had reached its conclusion .   The title refers to the penny dreadfuls , a type of 19th-century British fiction publication with lurid and sensational subject matter . The series draws upon many public domain characters from 19th-century British and Irish fiction , including Dorian Gray from Oscar Wilde 's The Picture of Dorian Gray ; Mina Harker , Abraham Van Helsing , Dr. Seward , Renfield , and Count Dracula from Bram Stoker 's Dracula ; Victor Frankenstein and his monster from Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein ; and Dr. Henry Jekyll from Robert Louis Stevenson 's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde .


query: There is a character in Kingdom Hearts III.

document: Kingdom Hearts III is an upcoming action role-playing game developed and published by Square Enix for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One . It is the twelfth installment in the Kingdom Hearts series , sequel to Kingdom Hearts II , and the final chapter in the Dark Seeker saga . Set after the events of Kingdom Hearts 3D : Dream Drop Distance , returning protagonist Sora is joined by Donald Duck , Goofy , King Mickey and Riku in their search for the seven guardians of light and the `` Key to Return Hearts '' as they attempt to thwart Master Xehanort 's plan to bring about a second Keyblade War . Their journey has them cross paths with characters , and visit worlds , based on Disney properties and Final Fantasy .   Concepts for the game began as early as 2006 , after the release of Kingdom Hearts II : Final Mix in Japan , with the game not officially confirmed to be in development until E3 2013 , after years of rumors and speculation . Kingdom Hearts III sees many returning gameplay features from the series , while introducing new `` Attraction Flow '' attacks that incorporate Disney Parks attractions . The game also is the first in the series to utilize Unreal Engine 4 .


query: Arab Attack was a previous name for DJ Khaled.

document: Khaled Mohamed Khaled -LRB- born November 26 , 1975 -RRB- , known professionally as DJ Khaled , is an American record producer , radio personality , DJ , record label executive , and author . He previously went by the name Arab Attack , but changed it after the 9/11 attacks , as he did not want to appear insensitive . He was a radio host for the Miami-based urban music radio station WEDR and the DJ for the hip hop group Terror Squad . From 2004 to 2006 , Khaled assisted in the production of the hip-hop albums Real Talk by Fabolous , True Story by Terror Squad , All or Nothing and Me , Myself , & I by Fat Joe .   In 2006 , Khaled released his debut studio album Listennn ... the Album . He went on to release We the Best -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , We Global -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Victory -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , We the Best Forever -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Kiss the Ring -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and Suffering from Success -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . In 2009 , Khaled became the president of record label Def Jam South and he is also the CEO and founder of We the Best Music Group . Khaled released his eighth studio album , I Changed a Lot , on October 23 , 2015 . In July 2016 he released his ninth studio album Major Key .


query: Usher was raised in a state.

document: Usher Raymond IV -LRB- born October 14 , 1978 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , dancer , and actor . Born in Dallas , Texas but raised and lived in Chattanooga , Tennessee until moving to Atlanta , Georgia . At the age of 12 , his mother put him in local singing competitions , before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records . In 1994 , he released his self-titled debut album , Usher . He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his sophomore album My Way -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , which spawned his first U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one single , `` Nice & Slow '' , amongst top-two singles `` You Make Me Wan na ... '' and `` My Way '' . 8701 -LRB- 2001 -RRB- produced the number-one singles `` U Remind Me '' and `` U Got It Bad '' , and top-three single `` U Do n't Have to Call '' . It sold 8 million copies worldwide and won his first two Grammy Awards as Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2002 and 2003 .   Confessions -LRB- 2004 -RRB- established him as one of the best-selling musical artists of the 2000s decade , selling 20 million copies worldwide . Bolstered by its four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number one singles ; `` Yeah ! '' , `` Burn '' , `` Confessions Part II '' , and `` My Boo '' , it has been certified Diamond by the RIAA . Here I Stand -LRB- 2008 -RRB- and Raymond v. Raymond -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , debuted atop of the Billboard 200 , and produced the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles `` Love in This Club '' and `` OMG '' . The EP , Versus , also produced the Hot 100 top-five single `` DJ Got Us Fallin ' in Love '' . Looking 4 Myself -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , also debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart and produced the Hot 100 top-ten single `` Scream '' . Raymond v. Raymond and Looking 4 Myself received Grammy Awards for R&B singles `` There Goes My Baby '' and `` Climax '' . Hard II Love -LRB- 2016 -RRB- peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 albums chart .   Usher has sold 23.8 million albums and 38.2 million digital songs in the United States . To date , his worldwide sales stand at 43 million albums and 75 million records overall , making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time . Usher has won numerous awards and accolades including 18 Billboard Music Awards and 8 Grammy Awards . At the end of 2009 , Billboard named him the second most successful artist of the 2000s decade , the number-one Hot 100 artist of the 2000s decade , and ranked Confessions as the top solo album of the 2000s decade . Billboard also placed him at number 6 on their list of `` Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years '' . Usher has attained 9 US Hot 100 number-one singles . Considered an icon and sex symbol , he was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame and Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 2008 , he started his own record label Raymond-Braun Media Group -LRB- RBMG -RRB- ; a joint venture with talent manager Scooter Braun that includes Canadian singer Justin Bieber .


query: In 1966, Frank Zappa released his first album.

document: Frank Vincent Zappa -LRB- December 21 , 1940 -- December 4 , 1993 -RRB- was an American musician , activist and filmmaker . His work was characterized by nonconformity , free-form improvisation , sound experiments , musical virtuosity , and satire of American culture . In a career spanning more than 30 years , Zappa composed rock , pop , jazz , jazz fusion , orchestral and musique concrète works , and produced almost all of the 60-plus albums that he released with his band the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist . Zappa also directed feature-length films and music videos , and designed album covers . He is considered one of the most innovative and stylistically diverse rock musicians of his generation .   As a self-taught composer and performer , Zappa 's diverse musical influences led him to create music that was sometimes difficult to categorize . While in his teens , he acquired a taste for 20th-century classical composers such as Edgard Varèse , Igor Stravinsky , and Anton Webern , along with 1950s rhythm and blues and doo-wop music . He began writing classical music in high school , while at the same time playing drums in rhythm and blues bands ; later switching to electric guitar . His 1966 debut album with the Mothers of Invention , Freak Out ! , combined songs in conventional rock and roll format with collective improvisations and studio-generated sound collages . He continued this eclectic and experimental approach , irrespective of whether the fundamental format was rock , jazz or classical .   Zappa 's output is unified by a conceptual continuity he termed `` Project/Object '' , with numerous musical phrases , ideas , and characters reappearing across his albums . His lyrics reflected his iconoclastic views of established social and political processes , structures and movements , often humorously so . He was a strident critic of mainstream education and organized religion , and a forthright and passionate advocate for freedom of speech , self-education , political participation and the abolition of censorship . Unlike many other rock musicians of his era , he personally disapproved of and seldom used drugs , but supported their decriminalization and regulation .   During Zappa 's lifetime , he was a highly productive and prolific artist , earning widespread acclaim from critics and fellow musicians . He had some commercial success , particularly in Europe , and worked as an independent artist for most of his career . He remains a major influence on musicians and composers . His honors include an induction into the 1995 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the 1997 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2000 , he was ranked number 36 on VH1 's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock . In 2004 , Rolling Stone magazine ranked him at number 71 on its list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' , and in 2011 at number 22 on its list of the `` 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time '' .


query: Barbara Stanwyck starred in Ball of Fire.

document: Barbara Stanwyck -LRB- born Ruby Catherine Stevens ; July 16 , 1907 -- January 20 , 1990 -RRB- was an American actress , model and dancer . She was a film and television star , known during her 60-year career as a consummate and versatile professional with a strong , realistic screen presence , and a favorite of directors including Cecil B. DeMille , Fritz Lang , and Frank Capra . After a short but notable career as a stage actress in the late 1920s , she made 85 films in 38 years in Hollywood , before turning to television .   Orphaned at the age of four and partially raised in foster homes , by 1944 Stanwyck had become the highest-paid woman in the United States . She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress four times , for Stella Dallas -LRB- 1937 -RRB- , Ball of Fire -LRB- 1941 -RRB- , Double Indemnity -LRB- 1944 -RRB- and Sorry , Wrong Number -LRB- 1948 -RRB- . For her television work , she won three Emmy Awards , for The Barbara Stanwyck Show -LRB- 1961 -RRB- , The Big Valley -LRB- 1966 -RRB- and The Thorn Birds -LRB- 1983 -RRB- . Her performance in The Thorn Birds also won her a Golden Globe . She received an Honorary Oscar at the 1982 Academy Award ceremony and the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1986 . She was also the recipient of honorary lifetime awards from the American Film Institute -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , the Film Society of Lincoln Center -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , the Los Angeles Film Critics Association -LRB- 1981 -RRB- and the Screen Actors Guild -LRB- 1967 -RRB- . Stanwyck received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 , and was ranked as the 11th greatest female star of classic American cinema by the American Film Institute .


query: Gabrielle Union starred in Bring It On (film).

document: Bring It On is a 2000 American teen comedy film directed by Peyton Reed and written by Jessica Bendinger . The film stars Kirsten Dunst , Eliza Dushku , Jesse Bradford , and Gabrielle Union . It was the first of the Bring It On film series and was followed by four direct-to-video sequels , none of which contain any of the original cast members : Bring It On Again -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , which shared producers with the original , Bring It On : All or Nothing -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Bring It On : In It to Win It -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , and Bring It On : Fight to the Finish -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . The plot of the film centers around a team 's preparation for , and participation in cheerleading competitions .   Bring It On was released in theaters in the North America on August 25 , 2000 . The film received mostly positive reviews , with some critics praising its light nature and humorous take on its subject , and others criticizing its conventional and formulaic plot . Bring It On earned a worldwide gross of approximately $ 90 million , and was considered a financial success . Since its release , the film has become a cult classic .


query: Among the supporting co-stars of 30 Rock was Tracy Morgan.

document: 30 Rock is an American satirical television sitcom created by Tina Fey that ran on NBC from October 11 , 2006 , to January 31 , 2013 . The series , loosely based on Fey 's experiences as head writer for Saturday Night Live , takes place behind the scenes of a fictional live sketch comedy show depicted as airing on NBC . The series ' name refers to 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City , the address of the Comcast Building , where the NBC Studios are located and where Saturday Night Live is written , produced , and performed . This series is produced by Broadway Video and Little Stranger , Inc. , in association with NBCUniversal .   30 Rock episodes were produced in a single-camera setup -LRB- with the exception of the two live episodes that were taped in the multiple-camera setup -RRB- , and were filmed in New York . The pilot episode premiered on October 11 , 2006 , and seven seasons followed . The series stars Fey with a supporting cast that includes Alec Baldwin , Tracy Morgan , Jane Krakowski , Jack McBrayer , Scott Adsit , Judah Friedlander , Katrina Bowden , Keith Powell , Lonny Ross , John Lutz , Sue Galloway , Kevin Brown , Grizz Chapman , Maulik Pancholy , and Rachel Dratch .   Tonally , 30 Rock uses surreal humor to parody the complex corporate structure of NBC and its then parent company General Electric . Television critic Todd VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club once remarked that it `` usually adopts the manic pacing of a live-action cartoon . '' The show was influential in its extensive use of smash cuts : sudden , short cuts to unrelated scenes showing something the characters are briefly discussing . 30 Rock also became known for its dedication to making these extremely elaborate , once showing a set that took three days to build for only six seconds of video .   30 Rock received critical acclaim throughout its run , winning several major awards -LRB- including Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Comedy Series in 2007 , 2008 , and 2009 and nominations for every other year it ran -RRB- , and appearing on many critics ' year-end `` best of '' 2006-2013 lists . On July 14 , 2009 , the series was nominated for 22 Primetime Emmy Awards , the most in a single year for a comedy series . Over the course of the series , it was nominated for 103 Primetime Emmy Awards and won 16 , in addition to numerous other nominations and wins from other awards shows . Despite the high praise , the series struggled in the ratings throughout its run , something of which Fey herself has made light .   In 2009 , Comedy Central and WGN America bought the syndication rights to the show , which began airing on both networks on September 19 , 2011 ; the series also entered into local broadcast syndication on the same day . Today , 30 Rock is regarded as a landmark series . Its series finale in particular has been named as one of the greatest in television history by several publications . In 2013 , the Writers Guild of America named 30 Rock the 21st best-written television series of all time .


query: Glenn Frey was a member of a band.

document: Glenn Lewis Frey -LRB- -LSB- fraɪ -RSB- November 6 , 1948 -- January 18 , 2016 -RRB- was an American singer , songwriter and actor , best known as a founding member of the rock band Eagles . Frey was the lead singer and frontman for the Eagles , roles he came to share with fellow member Don Henley , with whom he wrote most of the Eagles ' material . Frey played guitar , piano , and keyboards . He sang lead vocals on songs such as `` Take It Easy '' , `` Peaceful Easy Feeling '' , `` Tequila Sunrise '' , `` Already Gone '' , `` Lyin ' Eyes '' , `` New Kid in Town '' , and `` Heartache Tonight '' .   After the breakup of the Eagles in 1980 , Frey embarked on a successful solo career . He released his debut album , No Fun Aloud , in 1982 and went on to record Top 40 hits `` The One You Love '' , `` Smuggler 's Blues '' , `` Sexy Girl '' , `` The Heat Is On '' , `` You Belong to the City '' , `` True Love '' , `` Soul Searchin ' '' and `` Livin ' Right '' . As a member of the Eagles , Frey won six Grammy Awards , and five American Music Awards . The Eagles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 , the first year they were nominated . Consolidating his solo recordings and those with the Eagles , Frey had 24 Top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 .


query: Antonio Vivaldi was a Baroque composer who wrote operas.

document: Antonio Lucio Vivaldi -LRB- -LSB- anˈtɔːnjo ˈluːtʃo viˈvaldi -RSB- ; 4 March 1678 -- 28 July 1741 -RRB- was an Italian Baroque composer , virtuoso violinist , teacher and cleric . Born in Venice , he is recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers , and his influence during his lifetime was widespread across Europe . He composed many instrumental concertos , for the violin and a variety of other instruments , as well as sacred choral works and more than forty operas . His best-known work is a series of violin concertos known as The Four Seasons .   Many of his compositions were written for the female music ensemble of the Ospedale della Pietà , a home for abandoned children where Vivaldi -LRB- who had been ordained as a Catholic priest -RRB- was employed from 1703 to 1715 and from 1723 to 1740 . Vivaldi also had some success with expensive stagings of his operas in Venice , Mantua and Vienna . After meeting the Emperor Charles VI , Vivaldi moved to Vienna , hoping for preferment . However , the Emperor died soon after Vivaldi 's arrival , and Vivaldi himself died less than a year later in poverty .


query: Captain America: The Winter Soldier premiered in March.

document: Captain America : The Winter Soldier is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the sequel to 2011 's Captain America : The First Avenger and the ninth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe -LRB- MCU -RRB- . The film was directed by Anthony and Joe Russo , with a screenplay by Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely , who had also written The First Avenger . It stars Chris Evans as Captain America , leading an ensemble cast that includes Scarlett Johansson , Sebastian Stan , Anthony Mackie , Cobie Smulders , Frank Grillo , Emily VanCamp , Hayley Atwell , Robert Redford , and Samuel L. Jackson . In Captain America : The Winter Soldier , Captain America , Black Widow , and Falcon join forces to uncover a conspiracy within S.H.I.E.L.D. while facing a mysterious assassin known as the Winter Soldier .   A major influence in The Winter Soldier was conspiracy fiction from the 1970s such as Three Days of the Condor , with the script also drawing from the Winter Soldier story arc written by Ed Brubaker . The script was written in 2011 , with the Russo brothers entering negotiations to direct in June 2012 and casting beginning the following month . Principal photography commenced in April 2013 in Los Angeles , California before moving to Washington , D.C. and Cleveland , Ohio . While the directors aimed for more realism , with focus on practical effects and intense stunt work , 2,500 visual effects shots were done by six different companies .   Captain America : The Winter Soldier premiered in Los Angeles on March 13 , 2014 . It was released internationally on March 26 , 2014 , and in North America on April 4 , 2014 , in 2D , 3D , and IMAX 3D . The film became a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 714 million worldwide . It also received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects . A sequel titled Captain America : Civil War also directed by the Russo brothers was released on May 6 , 2016 .


query: Edward Norton's grandfather is James Rouse.

document: Edward Harrison Norton -LRB- born August 18 , 1969 -RRB- is an American actor , filmmaker and activist . He has been nominated for three Academy Awards for his work in the films Primal Fear -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , American History X -LRB- 1998 -RRB- and Birdman -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . He also starred in other roles , such as Everyone Says I Love You -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , The People vs. Larry Flynt -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , Fight Club -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , Red Dragon -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , 25th Hour -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , Kingdom of Heaven -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , The Illusionist -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Moonrise Kingdom -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , The Grand Budapest Hotel -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and Sausage Party -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . He has also directed and co-written films , including his directorial debut , Keeping the Faith -LRB- 2000 -RRB- . He has done uncredited work on the scripts for The Score -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , Frida -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , and The Incredible Hulk -LRB- 2008 -RRB- .   Alongside his work in cinema , Norton is an environmental and social activist , and is a member of the board of trustees of Enterprise Community Partners , a non-profit organization for developing affordable housing founded by his grandfather James Rouse . Norton is president of the American branch of the Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust . He ran in the 2009 New York City Marathon to raise money for the Trust . He also raises money for charity through Crowdrise , a social networking community for volunteers and a micro-donations fundraising platform . In July 2010 , Norton was designated as the United Nations Goodwill Ambassador for Biodiversity by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon . On July 2 , 2014 , Norton was elected chairman of the board of trustees to Signature Theatre , a not-for-profit theater company in New York . Norton has been on Signature 's board since 1996 and served as the co-chair of the Capital Campaign during the building of the Pershing Square Signature Center .


query: Kafka stars Armin Mueller-stahl.

document: Kafka is a 1991 mystery thriller film directed by Steven Soderbergh . Ostensibly a biopic , based on the life of Franz Kafka , the film blurs the lines between fact and Kafka 's fiction -LRB- most notably The Castle and The Trial -RRB- , creating a Kafkaesque atmosphere . It was written by Lem Dobbs , and stars Jeremy Irons in the title role , with Theresa Russell , Ian Holm , Jeroen Krabbé , Joel Grey , Armin Mueller-Stahl , and Alec Guinness .   Released after Soderbergh 's critically acclaimed debut Sex , Lies , and Videotape it was the first of what would be a series of low-budget box-office disappointments . It has since become a cult film , being compared to Terry Gilliam 's Brazil and David Cronenberg 's Naked Lunch -LRB- all of which star Ian Holm -RRB- .