query: Reviewers of Divergent compared it unfavorably to other young adult fiction adaptations.

document: Divergent is a 2014 American science fiction action film directed by Neil Burger , based on the novel of the same name by Veronica Roth . The film is the first installment in The Divergent Series and was produced by Lucy Fisher , Pouya Shabazian , and Douglas Wick , with a screenplay by Evan Daugherty and Vanessa Taylor . It stars Shailene Woodley , Theo James , Ashley Judd , Jai Courtney , Ray Stevenson , Zoë Kravitz , Miles Teller , Tony Goldwyn , Ansel Elgort , Maggie Q and Kate Winslet . The story takes place in a dystopian and post-apocalyptic Chicago where people are divided into distinct factions based on human virtues . Beatrice Prior is warned that she is Divergent and thus will never fit into any one of the factions . She soon learns that a sinister plot is brewing in the seemingly perfect society .   Development of Divergent began in March 2011 when Summit Entertainment picked up the film rights to the novel with Douglas Wick and Lucy Fisher 's production company Red Wagon Entertainment . Principal photography began April 16 , 2013 , and concluded on July 16 , 2013 , with reshoots taking place from January 24 -- 26 , 2014 . Production mostly took place in Chicago .   Divergent was released on March 21 , 2014 , in the United States . The film received mixed reviews from critics , with praise going towards its concepts and action , and criticism focused on its execution . Reviewers found the film to be generic and unoriginal , comparing it unfavorably to other young adult fiction adaptations . Despite this , the film was a financial success as it reached the # 1 spot at the box office during its opening weekend . After its release , the film earned over US$ 288 million worldwide against its budget of US$ 85 million . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 5 , 2014 .   A sequel , Insurgent , was released on March 20 , 2015 in the United States .


query: Telangana is a part of Asia.

document: Telangana -LRB- t -RRB- is one of the 29 states in India , located in southern India . Formed in June 2014 as the youngest state in India , from the northwestern part of the Joint State of Andhra Pradesh , Telangana has an area of 112077 km2 , and a population of 35,193,978 -LRB- 2011 census -RRB- . It is the twelfth largest state in India , and the twelfth most populated state in India . Its major cities include Hyderabad , Warangal , Khammam , Karimnagar and Nizamabad . Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north and north west , Chhattisgarh to the north , Karnataka to the west and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south .   Telangana had a history as the Telugu-speaking region of the princely state of Hyderabad , ruled by the Nizam of Hyderabad . It joined the Union of India in 1948 . In 1956 , the Hyderabad state was dissolved as part of the linguistic reorganisation of states and Telangana was merged with former Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh . Following a movement for separation , Telangana was awarded separate statehood on 2 June 2014 . Hyderabad will continue to serve as the joint capital city for Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for no more than ten years .


query: Doug Jones works in movies.

document: Doug Jones -LRB- born May 24 , 1960 -RRB- is an American actor and former contortionist known for roles in the science fiction , fantasy , and horror genres , often wearing heavy makeup to play nonhuman characters . He is perhaps best known for his collaborations with filmmaker Guillermo del Toro , starring in Mimic , as Abe Sapien in Hellboy and Hellboy II : The Golden Army , the Faun and the Pale Man in Pan 's Labyrinth , Crimson Peak and The Shape of Water . He has appeared in films such as Tank Girl , Hocus Pocus and The Bye Bye Man . He also portrayed the titular Silver Surfer in the superhero film Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer , as well as appearing in the TV series Falling Skies , Buffy the Vampire Slayer and del Toro 's The Strain . He is currently a series regular in Star Trek : Discovery , as Lt. Saru .


query: Judy Garland was a Grammy-winning performer and actress.

document: Judy Garland -LRB- born Frances Ethel Gumm ; June 10 , 1922 -- June 22 , 1969 -RRB- was an American singer , actress , and vaudevillian . She was renowned for her contralto vocals and attained international stardom that continued throughout a career spanning more than 40 years as an actress in musical and dramatic roles , as a recording artist , and on concert stages .   Garland began performing in vaudeville with her two older sisters and was signed to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as a teenager . She made more than two dozen films with MGM , including nine with Mickey Rooney . Garland 's most famous role was as Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz -LRB- 1939 -RRB- . Her other roles at MGM included Meet Me in St. Louis -LRB- 1944 -RRB- , The Harvey Girls -LRB- 1946 -RRB- and Easter Parade -LRB- 1948 -RRB- . After 15 years , she was released from the studio and made record-breaking concert appearances , a successful recording career , and her own Emmy-nominated television series . Film appearances became fewer in her later years , but included two Academy Award nominated performances in A Star Is Born -LRB- 1954 -RRB- and Judgment at Nuremberg -LRB- 1961 -RRB- .   Garland received a Golden Globe Award , a Juvenile Academy Award , and a Special Tony Award , and at 39 , became the youngest and first female recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award for lifetime achievement in the film industry . She was the first woman to win a Grammy for Album of the Year for her live recording of Judy at Carnegie Hall . In 1997 , Garland was posthumously awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award . Several of her recordings have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame . In 1999 , the American Film Institute placed her among the 10 greatest female stars of classic American cinema .   From an early age , Garland struggled in her personal life . The pressures of adolescent stardom sent her to a psychiatrist at age 18 . Her self-image was influenced by film executives who said she was unattractive and manipulated her on-screen physical appearance . She was plagued by financial instability , often owing hundreds of thousands of dollars in back taxes . She married five times , with her first four marriages ending in divorce . She also had a long addiction with drugs and alcohol , which ultimately led to her death from a barbiturate overdose at the age of 47 .


query: Disinvestment from South Africa involved America.

document: Disinvestment -LRB- or divestment -RRB- from South Africa was first advocated in the 1960s , in protest of South Africa 's system of apartheid , but was not implemented on a significant scale until the mid-1980s . The disinvestment campaign , after being realized in federal legislation enacted in 1986 by the United States , is credited by some as pressuring the South African Government to embark on negotiations ultimately leading to the dismantling of the Apartheid system .


query: Sierra Leone became an independent nation on April 27 1961.

document: Sierra Leone -LRB- -LSB- sɪˈɛərə_lɪˈəʊni , _ - lɪˈəʊn -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Republic of Sierra Leone , is a country in West Africa . It is bordered by Guinea to the north-east , Liberia to the south-east , and the Atlantic Ocean to the south-west . Sierra Leone has a tropical climate , with a diverse environment ranging from savannah to rainforests . Sierra Leone has a total area of 71740 km2 and a population of 7,075,641 -LRB- based on 2015 national census -RRB- .   Sierra Leone is officially made up of four administrative regions : the Northern Province , Eastern Province , Southern Province and the Western Area , which are subdivided into fourteen districts . Each district has its own elected local government .   Freetown -LRB- population 1,050,301 -RRB- , located in the Western Area , is the capital , largest city and its economic and political centre . Bo -LRB- population 306,000 -RRB- , is the second largest city , and is located in the Southern Province , about 160 miles from Freetown . Kenema -LRB- population 200,354 -RRB- , located in the Eastern Province , is the third largest city and is about 190 miles from Freetown . Koidu Town -LRB- population 128,074 -RRB- , located in the diamond rich Kono District in the Eastern Province , is the fourth largest city , and is about 275 miles from Freetown . Makeni -LRB- population 126,058 -RRB- , located in the Northern Province , is the fifth largest of Sierra Leone 's five major cities , and is about 85 miles from Freetown .   Sierra Leone is a constitutional republic with a directly elected president and a unicameral legislature . Sierra Leone became an independent Nation on 27 April 1961 from Britain , led by Sir Milton Margai , who was elected by landslide as the first prime minister of the new nation under parliamentary government .   The current constitution of Sierra Leone was adopted in 1991 during the presidency of Joseph Saidu Momoh , though it has been amended several times . Since independence to present , Sierra Leone politics has been dominated by two major political parties ; the Sierra Leone People 's party -LRB- SLPP -RRB- and the All People 's Congress -LRB- APC -RRB- . The current president of SIerra Leone is Ernest Bai Koroma , a member of the APC party , who was elected in 2007 after defeating the ruling SLPP candidate , and he won reelection for his final term as president in 2012 .   From 1991 to 2002 , the Sierra Leone civil war was fought and devastated the country . This proxy war left more than 50,000 people dead , much of the country 's infrastructure destroyed , and over two million people displaced as refugees in neighbouring countries . In January 2002 , then Sierra Leone 's president Ahmad Tejan Kabbah , fulfilled his campaign promise by ending the civil war , with help by the British Government , ECOWAS and the United Nations .   More recently , the 2014 Ebola outbreak overburdened the weak healthcare infrastructure , leading to more deaths from medical neglect than Ebola itself . It created a humanitarian crisis situation and a negative spiral of weaker economic growth . The country has an extremely low life expectancy at 57.8 years .   About sixteen ethnic groups inhabit Sierra Leone , each with its own language and customs . The two largest and most influential are the Temne and the Mende people . The Temne are predominantly found in the north of the country , while the Mende are predominant in the south-east . Sierra Leone has a significant minority of the Krio people , who are descendants of freed African American and West Indian slaves .   Although English is the official language spoken at schools and government administration , the Krio language is the most widely spoken language across Sierra Leone and is spoken by 97 % of the country 's population . The Krio language unites all the different ethnic groups in the country , especially in their trade and social interaction with each other .   Sierra Leone is a predominantly secular Muslim majority country , with the overall muslim population at 77 % of the population , though with an influential Christian minority at about 22 % . Sierra Leone is regarded as one of the most religiously tolerant nations in the world . Muslims and Christians collaborate and interact with each other very peacefully . Religious violence is very rare in the country . The major Christian and Muslim holidays are officially national holidays including Christmas and Eid Al Fitr . In politics , the overwhelming majority of Sierra Leoneans vote for a candidate without regard to whether the candidate is a Muslim or a Christian .   Sierra Leone has relied on mining , especially diamonds , for its economic base . It is also among the largest producers of titanium and bauxite , a major producer of gold , and has one of the world 's largest deposits of rutile . Sierra Leone is home to the third-largest natural harbour in the world . Despite exploitation of this natural wealth , 70 % of its people live in poverty .   Sierra Leone is a member of many international organisations , including the United Nations , the African Union , the Economic Community of West African States -LRB- ECOWAS -RRB- , the Mano River Union , the Commonwealth of Nations , the African Development Bank , and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation .


query: Social justice is invoked today in philosophical debates about differences among human beings.

document: Social justice is the fair and just relation between the individual and society . This is measured by the explicit and tacit terms for the distribution of wealth , opportunities for personal activity and social privileges . In Western as well as in older Asian cultures , the concept of social justice has often referred to the process of ensuring that individuals fulfill their societal roles and receive what was their due from society . In the current global grassroots movements for social justice , the emphasis has been on the breaking of barriers for social mobility , the creation of safety nets and economic justice .   Social justice assigns rights and duties in the institutions of society , which enables people to receive the basic benefits and burdens of cooperation . The relevant institutions often include taxation , social insurance , public health , public school , public services , labour law and regulation of markets , to ensure fair distribution of wealth , and equal opportunity .   Interpretations that relate justice to a reciprocal relationship to society are mediated by differences in cultural traditions , some of which emphasize the individual responsibility toward society and others the equilibrium between access to power and its responsible use . Hence , social justice is invoked today while reinterpreting historical figures such as Bartolomé de las Casas , in philosophical debates about differences among human beings , in efforts for gender , racial and social equality , for advocating justice for migrants , prisoners , the environment , and the physically and mentally disabled .   While the concept of social justice can be traced through the theology of Augustine of Hippo and the philosophy of Thomas Paine , the term `` social justice '' became used explicitly from the 1840s . A Jesuit priest named Luigi Taparelli is typically credited with coining the term , and it spread during the revolutions of 1848 with the work of Antonio Rosmini-Serbati . In the late industrial revolution , progressive American legal scholars began to use the term more , particularly Louis Brandeis and Roscoe Pound . From the early 20th century it was also embedded in international law and institutions ; the preamble to establish the International Labour Organization recalled that `` universal and lasting peace can be established only if it is based upon social justice . '' In the later 20th century , social justice was made central to the philosophy of the social contract , primarily by John Rawls in A Theory of Justice -LRB- 1971 -RRB- . In 1993 , the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action treats social justice as a purpose of human rights education .


query: Elvis & Nixon stars Alex Pettyfer.

document: Elvis & Nixon is a 2016 American comedy-drama film directed by Liza Johnson and written by Joey Sagal , Hanala Sagal , and Cary Elwes . The film stars Kevin Spacey as President Richard Nixon and Michael Shannon as singer Elvis Presley , and focuses on the December 21 , 1970 meeting between the two men at the White House . The film also stars Alex Pettyfer , Johnny Knoxville , Colin Hanks , and Evan Peters . The film was released on April 22 , 2016 by Amazon Studios and Bleecker Street .


query: Gray Davis had a rating.

document: Joseph Graham `` Gray '' Davis , Jr. -LRB- born December 26 , 1942 -RRB- is a retired American politician and attorney who served as the 37th Governor of California from 1999 to 2003 . A member of the Democratic Party , only months into his second term , in 2003 Davis was recalled and removed from office , the second state governor successfully recalled in U.S. history . Prior to serving as governor , Davis was chief of staff to Governor Jerry Brown -LRB- 1975 -- 81 -RRB- , a California State Assemblyman -LRB- 1983 -- 87 -RRB- , California State Controller -LRB- 1987 -- 95 -RRB- and the 44th Lieutenant Governor of California -LRB- 1995 -- 99 -RRB- . Davis holds a B.A. in history from Stanford University and a J.D. from Columbia Law School . He was awarded a Bronze Star for his service as a Captain in the Vietnam War .   During his time as governor , Davis made education his top priority and California spent eight billion dollars more than was required under Proposition 98 during his first term . Under Davis , California standardized test scores increased for five straight years . Davis signed the nation 's first state law requiring automakers to limit auto emissions . Davis supported laws to ban assault weapons and he is also credited with improving relations between California and Mexico . Davis began his tenure as governor with strong approval ratings , but those ratings declined as voters blamed Davis for the California electricity crisis and the California budget crisis that followed the bursting of the dot-com bubble . Voters were also alienated by Davis 's record-breaking fundraising efforts and negative campaigning .   On October 7 , 2003 , Davis was recalled in the second of three such elections in U.S. history , which include the removal of Lynn Frazier of North Dakota in 1921 and the unsuccessful recall of Scott Walker of Wisconsin in 2012 . He was succeeded in office on November 17 , 2003 by actor Arnold Schwarzenegger , who won the recall replacement race . Davis spent 1,778 days as governor and signed 5,132 bills out of 6,244 , vetoing 1,112 bills . Since being recalled , Davis has worked as a lecturer at the UCLA School of Public Affairs , as an attorney at Loeb & Loeb and sat on the Board of Directors of the animation company DiC Entertainment .


query: Naga Chaitanya worked on a film directed by Gautham Menon in 2010.

document: Naga Chaitanya Akkineni -LRB- born 23 November 1986 -RRB- is an Indian film actor who works in Telugu cinema . He debuted in the 2009 film Josh , directed by newcomer Vasu Varma and produced by Dil Raju . Prior to the release of his first film , he signed his second film with Indira Productions , which was to be directed by Gautham Menon . Ye Maaya Chesave released in February 2010 with comparisons drawn to his father Akkineni Nagarjuna 's romantic film , Geethanjali .   His next movie was Sukumar 's 100 % Love co-starring Tamannaah . The movie was shortly followed by Dhada and Bejawada . Chaitanya also appeared in the movie Autonagar Surya . In 2013 , he appeared in Thadaka . The film Manam also featured other members of his family . He has also appeared in Oka Laila Kosam .


query: The first PM of Sierra Leone was Sir Milton Margai.


query: Johannes Vermeer, the Dutch painter, created the Girl with a Pearl Earring painting.

document: Girl with a Pearl Earring is a 2003 drama film directed by Peter Webber . The screenplay was adapted by screenwriter Olivia Hetreed , based on the novel of the same name by Tracy Chevalier . Scarlett Johansson stars as Griet , a young 17th-century servant in the household of the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer -LRB- played by Colin Firth -RRB- at the time he painted Girl with a Pearl Earring -LRB- 1665 -RRB- in the city of Delft in Holland . Other cast members include Tom Wilkinson , Cillian Murphy , and Judy Parfitt .   Hetreed read the novel before its publication , and her husband 's production company convinced Chevalier to sell the film rights . Initially , the production was to feature Kate Hudson as Griet with Mike Newell directing . Hudson withdrew shortly before filming began , however , and the film was placed in hiatus until the hire of Webber , who re-initiated the casting process . In this , which was his feature film debut , Webber sought to avoid employing traditional characteristics of the period film drama . Cinematographer Eduardo Serra used distinctive lighting and colour schemes similar to Vermeer 's paintings .   Released on 12 December 2003 in North America and on 16 January 2004 in the United Kingdom , Girl with a Pearl Earring earned a worldwide gross of $ 31,466,789 . It garnered a mostly positive critical reception , with a 72 % approval rating from Rotten Tomatoes . Critics generally applauded the film 's visuals and performances while questioning elements of its story . The film was subsequently nominated for ten British Academy Film Awards , three Academy Awards , and two Golden Globe Awards .


query: Gwen Stefani is the co-founder of a band.

document: Gwen Renée Stefani -LRB- -LSB- gwɛn_ˈstəˈfɑːni -RSB- born October 3 , 1969 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , fashion designer , actress , and television personality . She is the co-founder and lead vocalist of the band No Doubt that experienced major success after their breakthrough studio album Tragic Kingdom -LRB- 1995 -RRB- along with various successful singles , including `` Just a Girl '' , `` Do n't Speak '' , `` Hey Baby '' , and `` It 's My Life '' . During the band 's hiatus , Stefani embarked on a solo pop career in 2004 by releasing her debut studio album Love . Angel . Music . Baby . Inspired by pop music from the 1980s , the album was met with both critical and commercial success . It spawned three commercially successful singles : `` What You Waiting For ? '' , `` Rich Girl '' , and `` Hollaback Girl '' , the latter reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 while also becoming the first US download to sell one million copies . In 2006 Stefani released her second studio album The Sweet Escape . The album produced two successful singles : `` Wind It Up '' and the album 's title track `` The Sweet Escape '' . Her third solo album This Is What the Truth Feels Like was released in March 2016 and became her first solo number-one album on the Billboard 200 .   Stefani has won three Grammy Awards . As a solo artist she has received various accolades , including an American Music Award , Brit Award , World Music Award and two Billboard Music Awards . In 2003 , she debuted her clothing line L.A.M.B. and expanded her collection with the 2005 Harajuku Lovers line , drawing inspiration from Japanese culture and fashion . Stefani performs and makes public appearances with four back-up dancers known as the Harajuku Girls . She was married to British musician Gavin Rossdale from 2002 to 2015 and they have three sons . Billboard magazine ranked Stefani the 54th most successful artist and 37th most successful Hot 100 artist of the 2000 -- 09 decade . VH1 ranked her 13th on their `` 100 Greatest Women in Music '' list in 2012 . Including her work with No Doubt , Stefani has sold more than 30 million albums worldwide .


query: Anne Bancroft was only nominated for two Golden Globes.

document: Anna Maria Louisa Italiano -LRB- September 17 , 1931 -- June 6 , 2005 -RRB- , known professionally as Anne Bancroft , was an American actress associated with the method acting school , having studied under Lee Strasberg . Respected for her acting prowess and versatility , Bancroft was acknowledged for her work in film , theatre and television . She won one Academy Award , three BAFTA Awards , two Golden Globes , two Tony Awards and two Emmy Awards , and several other awards and nominations .   After her film debut in Do n't Bother to Knock -LRB- 1952 -RRB- and a string of supporting film roles during the 1950s , she won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her lead role in The Miracle Worker -LRB- 1962 -RRB- as the teacher of teenage Helen Keller , reprising her role in the Broadway stage play . She won both an Oscar for her work in the film , and a Tony for the same role in the play . On Broadway in 1965 , she played a medieval nun obsessed with a priest -LRB- Jason Robards -RRB- in John Whiting 's play The Devils , based on the Aldous Huxley novel The Devils of Loudun . She was perhaps best known as the seductress , Mrs. Robinson , in The Graduate -LRB- 1967 -RRB- , a role that she later stated had come to overshadow her other work .   Bancroft received several other Oscar nominations and continued in lead roles until the late 1980s .  She played a ballet dancer in The Turning Point -LRB- 1977 -RRB- , and in Agnes of God -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , she played the mother superior of a convent who clashes with a psychiatrist played by Jane Fonda over dealings with a troubled young novice nun played by Meg Tilly . In 1987 , she starred with Anthony Hopkins in 84 Charing Cross Road . She appeared in several movies directed or produced by her second husband , comedian Mel Brooks , including the award-winning drama The Elephant Man as well as comedies To Be or Not to Be and Dracula : Dead and Loving It .   In the 1990s she returned to supporting roles in films , but continued to play lead roles in television films . She received Emmy and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations , for The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , as well as an Emmy nomination for 2001 's Haven .


query: How I Met Your Mother had 208 episodes.

document: How I Met Your Mother -LRB- often abbreviated to HIMYM -RRB- is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19 , 2005 to March 31 , 2014 . The series follows the main character , Ted Mosby , and his group of friends in Manhattan . As a framing device , Ted , in the year 2030 , recounts to his son and daughter the events that led him to meeting their mother .   The series was created by Craig Thomas and Carter Bays , who also served as the show 's executive producers and were frequent writers . The series was loosely inspired by their friendship when they both lived in New York City . Among the 208 episodes , there were only four directors : Pamela Fryman -LRB- 196 episodes -RRB- , Rob Greenberg -LRB- 7 episodes -RRB- , Michael Shea -LRB- 4 episodes -RRB- , and Neil Patrick Harris -LRB- 1 episode -RRB- .   Known for its unique structure and eccentric humor , How I Met Your Mother has gained a cult following over the years . The show initially received positive reviews , while the later seasons received more mixed reviews . The show was nominated for 28 Emmy Awards , winning nine . In 2010 , Alyson Hannigan won the People 's Choice Award for Favorite TV Comedy Actress . In 2012 , seven years after its premiere , the series won the People 's Choice Award for Favorite Network TV Comedy , and Neil Patrick Harris won the award for Favorite TV Comedy Actor .   The ninth and final season began airing on September 23 , 2013 , and concluded on March 31 , 2014 , with a double-length finale episode , which received polarized reviews from critics and fans alike for its controversial twist ending , as many critics and fans believed it contradicted many of the previous episodes .   How I Met Your Mother is often compared to Friends , for its setting and characters . Both shows take place in New York and both casts have similar character archetypes .


query: Tommy Lee Jones portrayed Agent K.

document: Tommy Lee Jones -LRB- born September 15 , 1946 -RRB- is an American actor and filmmaker . He has received four Academy Award nominations , winning Best Supporting Actor for his performance as U.S. Marshal Samuel Gerard in the 1993 thriller film The Fugitive .   His other notable starring roles include former Texas Ranger Woodrow F. Call in the TV mini-series Lonesome Dove , Agent K in the Men in Black film series , Sheriff Ed Tom Bell in No Country for Old Men , the villain Two-Face in Batman Forever , terrorist William Strannix in Under Siege , a Texas Ranger in Man of the House , rancher Pete Perkins in The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada , which he directed , Colonel Chester Phillips in Captain America : The First Avenger , CIA Director Robert Dewey in Jason Bourne and Warden Dwight McClusky in Natural Born Killers . Jones has also portrayed real-life figures such as businessman Howard Hughes , Radical Republican Congressman Thaddeus Stevens , executed murderer Gary Gilmore , U.S. Army General Douglas MacArthur , Oliver Lynn , husband of Loretta Lynn in Coal Miner 's Daughter , and baseball great Ty Cobb .   Early in his career , Jones first gained recognition for his contract role as Dr. Mark Toland on the soap opera One Life to Live for six years .


query: Seattle is the biggest city in the state of Washington.

document: Seattle -LRB- -LSB- siˈætəl -RSB- -RRB- is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County , Washington . With an estimated 704,352 residents , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America . In July 2013 , it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the Top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1 % . In July 2016 , Seattle was again the fastest-growing major U.S. city , with a 3.1 % annual growth rate . The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound -LRB- an inlet of the Pacific Ocean -RRB- and Lake Washington , about 100 mi south of the Canada -- United States border . A major gateway for trade with Asia , Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling .   The Seattle area was previously inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers . Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers , subsequently known as the Denny Party , arrived from Illinois via Portland , Oregon , on the schooner Exact at Alki Point on November 13 , 1851 . The settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named `` Seattle '' in 1852 , after Chief Si'ahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes .   Logging was Seattle 's first major industry , but by the late-19th century , the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush . Growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company , which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing . The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s , with companies like Microsoft becoming established in the region . In 1994 , Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle . The stream of new software , biotechnology , and Internet companies led to an economic revival , which increased the city 's population by almost 50,000 between 1990 and 2000 .   Seattle has a noteworthy musical history . From 1918 to 1951 , nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street , from the current Chinatown / International District , to the Central District . The jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles , Quincy Jones , Ernestine Anderson , and others . Seattle is also the birthplace of hip-hop sensation Neema , rock musician Jimi Hendrix , origin of the bands Nirvana , Pearl Jam , Soundgarden , Alice in Chains and the alternative rock subgenre grunge .


query: Hayden Panetierre has acted in Kingdom Hearts.

document: Hayden Leslie Panettiere -LRB- born August 21 , 1989 -RRB- is an American actress , model , singer , and activist . She is known for her roles as cheerleader Claire Bennet on the NBC sci-fi series Heroes -LRB- 2006 -- 10 -RRB- , Juliette Barnes in the ABC/CMT musical-drama series Nashville -LRB- 2012 -- present -RRB- and Kairi in the video game series Kingdom Hearts .   A native of New York City , she first appeared in a commercial at the age of 11 months . She began her acting career by playing Sarah Roberts on One Life to Live -LRB- 1994 -- 97 -RRB- , and Lizzie Spaulding on Guiding Light -LRB- 1996 -- 2000 -RRB- , before starring at age 10 as Sheryl Yoast in the Disney feature film Remember the Titans . Other notable roles include her portrayal of the title character in the true crime drama Amanda Knox : Murder on Trial in Italy and Kirby Reed in the slasher film Scream 4 . She received two nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress -- Series , Miniseries or Television Film , for her work on Nashville in 2012 and 2013 .


query: Transformers: The Last Knight stars an actor.

document: Stanley Tucci -LRB- -LSB- ˈtuːtʃi -RSB- -LSB- ˈtuttʃi -RSB- ; born November 11 , 1960 -RRB- is an American character actor , writer , producer and film director .   Tucci was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Lovely Bones -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . He won two Emmy Awards for his performances in Winchell and Monk . He was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children , for The One and Only Shrek ! .


query: Quinoa is edible.

document: Quinoa -LRB- -LSB- ˈkiːnwɑː -RSB- or -LSB- kɪˈnoʊ.ə -RSB- , from Quechua kinwa or kinuwa -RRB- is the common name for Chenopodium quinoa , a flowering plant in the amaranth family Amaranthaceae . It is a herbaceous annual plant grown as a grain crop primarily for its edible seeds . Because it is not a grass , it is a pseudocereal rather than a true cereal . Quinoa is closely related to the edible plants beetroot , spinach , and amaranth -LRB- Amaranthus spp . -RRB- , another pseudocereal which it closely resembles .   After harvest , the seeds are processed to remove the outer coating that contains bitter-tasting saponins . They are gluten-free . Generally , the seeds are cooked the same way as rice and can be used in a wide range of dishes . The leaves are sometimes eaten as a leaf vegetable , much like amaranth , but commercial availability of quinoa greens is limited .   When cooked , the nutrient composition is comparable to common cereals like wheat and rice , supplying a moderate amount of dietary fiber and minerals . The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations declared 2013 to be the `` International Year of Quinoa '' .   Quinoa originated in the Andean region of Peru , Bolivia , Ecuador , Colombia and Chile , and was domesticated 3,000 to 4,000 years ago for human consumption in the Lake Titicaca basin of Peru and Bolivia , though archaeological evidence shows a non-domesticated association with pastoral herding 5,200 to 7,000 years ago .


query: British Fantasy Award categories include Best Anthology and Best Collection.

document: The British Fantasy Awards are administered annually by the British Fantasy Society -LRB- BFS -RRB- and were first awarded in 1976 . Prior to that they were known as The August Derleth Fantasy Awards -LRB- see August Derleth Award -RRB- . First awarded in 1972 -LRB- The Knight of Swords by Michael Moorcock -RRB- only for novels , the number of award categories increased and in 1976 the BFS renamed them collectively the British Fantasy Awards . The current award categories are Best Fantasy Novel -LRB- the Robert Holdstock Award -RRB- , Best Horror Novel -LRB- the August Derleth Award -RRB- , Best Novella , Best Short Story , Best Independent Press , Best Artist , Best Anthology , Best Collection , Best Comic/Graphic Novel , Best Non-Fiction , and Best Newcomer -LRB- the Sydney J. Bounds Award -RRB- , while the Karl Edward Wagner Award for `` important contribution to the genre or the Society '' is given at the discretion of the BFS committee . The membership of the BFS vote to determine the shortlists of the awards , the winners being decided by juries .


query: Break on Me is a part of a studio album.

document: `` Break on Me '' -LRB- stylized as `` Break on Me . '' -RRB- is a song written by Ross Copperman and Jon Nite and recorded by New Zealand-born Australian country music singer Keith Urban . It was released on 23 October 2015 as the second single from his ninth studio album , Ripcord , through Hit Red and Capitol Nashville . The bass-driven ballad was co-produced by Urban with Nathan Chapman and has been deemed a stylistic counterpoint to its funky predecessor `` John Cougar , John Deere , John 3:16 '' . The song is also the second of his career not to have an accompanying music video , after 2010 's `` I 'm In '' .


query: Pablo Fenjves ghostwrote for Janice Dickinson and he was successful.

document: Pablo F. Fenjves -LRB- born 16 August 1953 -RRB- is an American screenwriter and ghostwriter based in Los Angeles , California . His screenwriting credits include the 1995 film The Affair , Man on a Ledge , released in January , 2012 , and a string of television movies .   Born in Caracas , Venezuela to Hungarian survivors of the Holocaust , Fenjves went to college in Illinois . His first journalism job was in Canada . He joined the National Enquirer in Florida in the late 1970s , where he befriended Judith Regan .   Fenjves has ghostwritten more than a dozen books , including two number one New York Times Best-Sellers -LRB- Witness and Blood Brother -RRB- . Fenjves also ghostwrote the autobiographies and memoirs of Bernie Mac , Janice Dickinson , and music producer David Foster . He collaborated with O.J. Simpson to ghostwrite If I Did It , an account of the Simpson murder case . That book was pulled by the publisher just weeks before its release date , but it was subsequently revived by Fred Goldman , father of murder victim Ron Goldman , and spent five weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list . Fenjves had a personal connection to the Simpson case : Fenjves lived a few doors down from the Brentwood murder scene , and had testified against Simpson regarding the time at which he heard Nicole Simpson 's dog barking .   His current film projects include an original action script , Undertow , which is being produced by Michael De Luca ; and an original comedy , Mother , to which Halle Berry is attached .


query: Michael Caine acted in The Man Who Would Be King.

document: Sir Michael Caine , -LRB- -LSB- keɪn -RSB- born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Jr. ; 14 March 1933 -RRB- is an English actor and author . Renowned for his distinctive working class cockney accent , Caine has appeared in over 115 films and is regarded as a British film icon .   He made his breakthrough in the 1960s with starring roles in a number of acclaimed British films , including Zulu -LRB- 1964 -RRB- , The Ipcress File -LRB- 1965 -RRB- , Alfie -LRB- 1966 -RRB- , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award , The Italian Job -LRB- 1969 -RRB- , and Battle of Britain -LRB- 1969 -RRB- . His most notable roles in the 1970s included Get Carter -LRB- 1971 -RRB- , The Last Valley , Sleuth -LRB- 1972 -RRB- , for which he earned his second Academy Award nomination , The Man Who Would Be King -LRB- 1975 -RRB- , and A Bridge Too Far -LRB- 1977 -RRB- . He achieved some of his greatest critical success in the 1980s , with Educating Rita -LRB- 1983 -RRB- earning him the BAFTA and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . In 1986 , he received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Woody Allen 's Hannah and Her Sisters .   Caine played Ebenezer Scrooge in The Muppet Christmas Carol -LRB- 1992 -RRB- . Having by that time practically retired from acting on the big screen , he enjoyed a career resurgence in the late 1990s , receiving his second Golden Globe Award for his performance in Little Voice in 1998 and receiving his second Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for The Cider House Rules the following year . Caine played Nigel Powers in the 2002 parody Austin Powers in Goldmember , and Alfred Pennyworth in Christopher Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy . He appeared in several other of Nolan 's films including The Prestige -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Inception -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , and Interstellar -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . He also appeared as a supporting character in Alfonso Cuarón 's Children of Men and Pixar 's 2011 film Cars 2 . As of February 2017 , films in which he has starred have grossed over $ 3.5 billion domestically and over $ 7.8 billion worldwide . Caine is ranked as the twelfth highest grossing box office star .   Caine is one of only two actors nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to 2000s -LRB- the other one being Jack Nicholson ; Laurence Olivier was also nominated for an acting Academy Award in five different decades , beginning in 1939 and ending in 1978 -RRB- . In 2000 , Caine was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in recognition of his contribution to cinema .


query: Xi Jinping served as the Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission.

document: Xi Jinping -LRB- -LSB- - cmnɕǐ tɕìn.pʰǐŋ -RSB- , ; born 15 June 1953 -RRB- is the current General Secretary of the Communist Party of China , President of the People 's Republic of China , and Chairman of the Central Military Commission . As Xi holds the top offices of the party and the military , in addition to being the head of state through the office of the president , he is sometimes referred to as China 's `` Paramount Leader '' and recognized by the party as its leadership `` core '' . As General Secretary , Xi holds an ex-officio seat on the Politburo Standing Committee , China 's top decision-making body .   The son of Communist veteran Xi Zhongxun , Xi Jinping rose through the ranks politically in China 's coastal provinces . Xi was governor of Fujian from 1999 to 2002 , and governor , then party secretary of neighboring Zhejiang province from 2002 to 2007 . Following the dismissal of Chen Liangyu , Xi was transferred to Shanghai as party secretary for a brief period in 2007 . Xi joined the Politburo Standing Committee and central secretariat in October 2007 , spending the next five years as Hu Jintao 's presumed successor . Xi was vice-president from 2008 to 2013 and Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 2010 to 2012 .   Since assuming power , Xi has attempted to legitimize the authority of the Communist Party by introducing far-ranging measures to enforce party discipline and to ensure internal unity . He initiated an unprecedented and far-reaching campaign against corruption , leading to the downfall of prominent incumbent and retired officials . Xi has also imposed further restrictions over civil society and ideological discourse , advocating the concept of `` internet sovereignty '' .   Considered the central figure of the People 's Republic 's fifth generation of leadership , Xi has significantly centralized institutional power by taking on a wide range of leadership positions , including chairing the newly formed National Security Commission , as well as new steering committees on economic and social reforms , military reform , and the Internet . Xi has called for further market economic reforms , for governing according to the law and for strengthening legal institutions , with an emphasis on individual and national aspirations under the neologism `` Chinese Dream '' . Xi has also championed a more assertive foreign policy , particularly with regards to Sino-Japanese relations , China 's claims in the South China Sea , and its role as a leading advocate of free trade and globalization . He has also sought to expand China 's regional influence through the One Belt , One Road initiative , played a leading role in the fight against climate change , and invested heavily in energy and natural resources .


query: George Lucas created the Star Wars franchise.

document: George Walton Lucas Jr. -LRB- born May 14 , 1944 -RRB- is an American filmmaker and entrepreneur . He is best known as the creator of the Star Wars and Indiana Jones franchises , as well as the founder of Lucasfilm and Industrial Light & Magic . He was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer -LRB- CEO -RRB- of Lucasfilm , before selling it to The Walt Disney Company in 2012 .   Upon graduating from the University of Southern California in 1967 , Lucas co-founded American Zoetrope with fellow filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola . Lucas wrote and directed THX 1138 -LRB- 1971 -RRB- , based on his earlier student short Electronic Labyrinth : THX 1138 4EB , which was a critical success but a financial failure . His next work as a writer-director was the film , American Graffiti -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , inspired by his teen years in early 1960s Modesto , California , and produced through the newly founded Lucasfilm . The film was critically and commercially successful , and received five Academy Award nominations including Best Picture .   Lucas 's next film , an epic space opera titled Star Wars -LRB- 1977 -RRB- , went through a troubled production process ; however , it was a surprise hit , becoming the highest-grossing film at the time , as well as a winner of six Academy Awards and a cultural phenomenon . Following the first Star Wars film , Lucas produced and co-wrote the following installments in the trilogy , The Empire Strikes Back -LRB- 1980 -RRB- and Return of the Jedi -LRB- 1983 -RRB- . Along with Steven Spielberg , Lucas co-created and wrote the Indiana Jones films Raiders of the Lost Ark -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , Temple of Doom -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , and The Last Crusade -LRB- 1989 -RRB- . Lucas also produced and wrote a variety of films through Lucasfilm in the 1980s and 1990s .   In 1997 , Lucas re-released the original Star Wars trilogy as part of a Special Edition , where he made several alterations to the films ; home media releases with further changes were released in 2004 and 2011 . Lucas also returned to directing with the Star Wars prequel trilogy , consisting of The Phantom Menace -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , Attack of the Clones -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , and Revenge of the Sith -LRB- 2005 -RRB- . He later collaborated on the story for the Indiana Jones sequel Kingdom of the Crystal Skull -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , and served as the story writer and executive producer for the war film , Red Tails -LRB- 2012 -RRB- .   Five of Lucas 's seven features are among the 100 highest-grossing movies at the North American box office , adjusted for ticket-price inflation . Lucas is one of the American film industry 's most financially successful filmmakers , and has been personally nominated for four Academy Awards . Lucas is considered a significant figure in the New Hollywood era .


query: Uranus is located completely within the Solar System.

document: Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun . It has the third-largest planetary radius and fourth-largest planetary mass in the Solar System . Uranus is similar in composition to Neptune , and both have different bulk chemical composition from that of the larger gas giants Jupiter and Saturn . For this reason , scientists often classify Uranus and Neptune as `` ice giants '' to distinguish them from the gas giants . Uranus 's atmosphere is similar to Jupiter 's and Saturn 's in its primary composition of hydrogen and helium , but it contains more `` ices '' such as water , ammonia , and methane , along with traces of other hydrocarbons . It is the coldest planetary atmosphere in the Solar System , with a minimum temperature of 49 K , and has a complex , layered cloud structure with water thought to make up the lowest clouds and methane the uppermost layer of clouds . The interior of Uranus is mainly composed of ices and rock .   Uranus is the only planet whose name is derived from a figure from Greek mythology , from the Latinised version of the Greek god of the sky Ouranos . Like the other giant planets , Uranus has a ring system , a magnetosphere , and numerous moons . The Uranian system has a unique configuration among those of the planets because its axis of rotation is tilted sideways , nearly into the plane of its solar orbit . Its north and south poles , therefore , lie where most other planets have their equators . In 1986 , images from Voyager 2 showed Uranus as an almost featureless planet in visible light , without the cloud bands or storms associated with the other giant planets . Observations from Earth have shown seasonal change and increased weather activity as Uranus approached its equinox in 2007 . Wind speeds can reach 250 m/s .


query: Reese Witherspoon is in Wild.

document: Wild is a 2014 American biographical survival drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée . The screenplay by Nick Hornby is based on Cheryl Strayed 's 2012 memoir Wild : From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail . The film stars Reese Witherspoon as Strayed , alongside Laura Dern -LRB- as Strayed 's mother -RRB- , with Thomas Sadoski , Michiel Huisman and Gaby Hoffmann among several others in supporting roles . The film premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on August 29 , 2014 , and was released theatrically on December 3 , 2014 , in North America .   Wild opened to positive critical reviews , with much praise going toward the performances of Reese Witherspoon and Laura Dern . Both actresses received Academy Award nominations for their performances , in the categories of Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress , respectively .


query: Gayathri Raguram is the daughter of Raguram.

document: Gayathri Raguram is an Indian film actress and choreographer who works in south Indian language films . Daughter of noted dancer , Raguram , she began acting in the 2002 film Charlie Chaplin and later started working as choreographers in films .


query: Saving Private Ryan is a portrayal of war.

document: Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 American epic war drama film set during the Invasion of Normandy in World War II . Directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Robert Rodat , the film is notable for its graphic portrayal of war , and for the intensity of its opening 27 minutes , which includes a depiction of the Omaha Beach assault during the Normandy landings . It follows United States Army Rangers Captain John H. Miller -LRB- Tom Hanks -RRB- and a squad -LRB- Tom Sizemore , Edward Burns , Barry Pepper , Giovanni Ribisi , Vin Diesel , Adam Goldberg , and Jeremy Davies -RRB- as they search for a paratrooper , Private First Class James Francis Ryan -LRB- Matt Damon -RRB- , who is the last-surviving brother of four servicemen .   The film received critical acclaim , winning several awards for film , cast , and crew , as well as earning significant returns at the box office . The film grossed US$ 481.8 million worldwide , making it the second-highest-grossing film of the year . The film was nominated for 11 Academy Awards ; Spielberg 's direction won his second Academy Award for Best Director , with four more awards going to the film . Saving Private Ryan was released on home video in May 1999 , earning another $ 44 million from sales . In 2014 , the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress , being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . ''


query: Extreme environments can be caused by Alkalinity.

document: An extreme environment contains conditions that are hard to survive for most known life forms . These conditions may be extremely high or low temperature or pressure ; high or low content of oxygen or carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ; high levels of radiation , acidity , or alkalinity ; absence of water ; water containing a high concentration of salt or sugar ; presence of sulphur , petroleum , and other toxic substances .   Examples of extreme environments include the geographical poles , very dry deserts , volcanoes , deep ocean trenches , upper atmosphere , Mt Everest , outer space , and the environments of every planet in the Solar System except the Earth . Any organisms living in these conditions are often very well adapted to their living circumstances , which is usually a result of long-term evolution . Physiologists have long known that organisms living in extreme environments are especially likely to exhibit clear examples of evolutionary adaptation because of the presumably intense past natural selection they have experienced .


query: Tunisia contains Tunis.

document: Tunisia -LRB- تونس ; ⵜⵓⵏⴻⵙ Tunisie -RRB- , officially the Tunisian Republic is a country in North Africa , covering 165,000 km2 . Its northernmost point , Cape Angela , is the northernmost point on the African continent . It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest , Libya to the southeast , and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east . Tunisia 's population was estimated to be just under 11 million in 2014 . Tunisia 's name is derived from its capital city , Tunis , which is located on Tunisia 's northeast coast .   Geographically , Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert . Much of the rest of the country 's land is fertile soil . Its 1,300 km of coastline includes the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and , by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel , features the African mainland 's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar .   Tunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic . It is considered to be the only full democracy in the Arab World . It has a high human development index . It has an association agreement with the European Union ; is a member of La Francophonie , the Union for the Mediterranean , the Arab Maghreb Union , the Arab League , the OIC , the Greater Arab Free Trade Area , the Community of Sahel-Saharan States , the African Union , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Group of 77 ; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States . In addition , Tunisia is also a member state of the United Nations and a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court . Close relations with Europe in particular with France and with Italy have been forged through economic cooperation , privatisation and industrial modernization .   In ancient times , Tunisia was primarily inhabited by Berbers . Phoenician immigration began in the 12th century BC ; these immigrants founded Carthage . A major mercantile power and a military rival of the Roman Republic , Carthage was defeated by the Romans in 146 BC . The Romans , who would occupy Tunisia for most of the next eight hundred years , introduced Christianity and left architectural legacies like the El Djem amphitheater . After several attempts starting in 647 , the Arabs conquered the whole of Tunisia by 697 , followed by the Ottomans between 1534 and 1574 . The Ottomans held sway for over three hundred years . The French colonization of Tunisia occurred in 1881 . Tunisia gained independence with Habib Bourguiba and declared the Tunisian Republic in 1957 . In 2011 , the Tunisian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali , followed by parliamentary elections . The country voted for parliament again on 26 October 2014 , and for President on 23 November 2014 .


query: Neil Armstrong is a college graduate.

document: Neil Alden Armstrong -LRB- August 5 , 1930 -- August 25 , 2012 -RRB- was an American astronaut and the first person to walk on the Moon . He was also an aerospace engineer , naval aviator , test pilot , and university professor . Before becoming an astronaut , Armstrong was an officer in the U.S. Navy and served in the Korean War . After the war , he earned his bachelor 's degree at Purdue University and served as a test pilot at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics -LRB- NACA -RRB- High-Speed Flight Station , where he logged over 900 flights . He later completed graduate studies at the University of Southern California .   A participant in the U.S. Air Force 's Man in Space Soonest and X-20 Dyna-Soar human spaceflight programs , Armstrong joined the NASA Astronaut Corps in 1962 . He made his first space flight as command pilot of Gemini 8 in March 1966 , becoming NASA 's first civilian astronaut to fly in space . He performed the first docking of two spacecraft , with pilot David Scott . This mission was aborted after Armstrong used some of his reentry control fuel to prevent a dangerous spin caused by a stuck thruster , in the first in-flight space emergency .   Armstrong 's second and last spaceflight was as commander of Apollo 11 , the first manned Moon landing mission in July 1969 . Armstrong and Lunar Module pilot Buzz Aldrin descended to the lunar surface and spent two and a half hours outside the spacecraft , while Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit in the Command/Service Module . Along with Collins and Aldrin , Armstrong was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Richard Nixon . President Jimmy Carter presented Armstrong the Congressional Space Medal of Honor in 1978 . Armstrong and his former crewmates received the Congressional Gold Medal in 2009 .   Armstrong died in Cincinnati , Ohio on August 25 , 2012 , at the age of 82 , after complications from coronary artery bypass surgery .


query: Robert Redford directed a movie.

document: Charles Robert Redford Jr. -LRB- born August 18 , 1936 -RRB- is an American actor , director , producer , businessman , environmentalist , and philanthropist . Redford is the founder of the Sundance Film Festival .   Redford 's career began in 1960 as a guest star on numerous TV shows , including : The Untouchables , Perry Mason , Alfred Hitchcock Presents , and The Twilight Zone , among others . He earned an Emmy nomination as Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Voice of Charlie Pont -LRB- 1962 -RRB- . His greatest Broadway success was as the stuffy newlywed husband of Elizabeth Ashley in Neil Simon 's Barefoot in the Park -LRB- 1963 -RRB- .   Redford made his film debut in War Hunt -LRB- 1962 -RRB- . His role in Inside Daisy Clover -LRB- 1965 -RRB- won him a Golden Globe for best new star . He starred in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid -LRB- 1969 -RRB- , which was a huge success and made him a major star . In 1972 , he had a critical and box office hit with Jeremiah Johnson -LRB- 1972 -RRB- , and in 1973 had the greatest hit of his career , the blockbuster crime caper The Sting , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award . The popular and acclaimed All the President 's Men -LRB- 1976 -RRB- was a landmark film for Redford .   The first film that Redford directed , Ordinary People -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , was one of the most critically and publicly acclaimed films of the decade , winning four Oscars , and in the same year , he starred in Brubaker -LRB- 1980 -RRB- . He starred in Out of Africa -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , which was an enormous critical and box office success , and won seven Oscars including Best Picture , proving to be his greatest success of the decade . He released his third film as a director , A River Runs Through It , in 1992 .   Redford won the Academy Award for Best Director in 1981 for directing Ordinary People . He was previously nominated for Best Actor in 1974 for his performance in The Sting , and went on to receive Best Director and Best Picture nominations in 1995 for Quiz Show . He won a second Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2002 . In 2010 , he was made a chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur . He has won BAFTA , Directors Guild of America , Golden Globe , and Screen Actors Guild Awards .   In April 2014 , Time magazine included Redford in their annual Time 100 as one of the `` Most Influential People in the World '' , declaring him the `` Godfather of Indie Film '' . In 2016 , President Barack Obama honored Redford with a Presidential Medal of Freedom .


query: Giacomo Casanova was a person who wrote.

document: Giacomo Girolamo Casanova -LRB- -LSB- ˈdʒaːkomo dʒiˈrɔːlamo kazaˈnɔːva -RSB- or -LSB- kasaˈnɔːva -RSB- 2 April 1725 -- 4 June 1798 -RRB- was an Italian adventurer and author from the Republic of Venice . His autobiography , Histoire de ma vie -LRB- Story of My Life -RRB- , is regarded as one of the most authentic sources of the customs and norms of European social life during the 18th century .   As was not uncommon at the time , Casanova , depending on circumstances , used more or less fictitious names , such as baron or count of Farussi -LRB- the name of his mother -RRB- or Chevalier de Seingalt -LRB- pronounced Saint-Galle , as in French -RRB- . He often signed his works Jacques Casanova de Seingalt after he began writing in French following his second exile from Venice .   He has become so famous for his often complicated and elaborate affairs with women that his name is now synonymous with `` womanizer '' . He associated with European royalty , popes , and cardinals , along with luminaries such as Voltaire , Goethe , and Mozart . He spent his last years in Bohemia as a librarian in Count Waldstein 's household , where he also wrote the story of his life .


query: Plato was a major innovator of philosophy.

document: Plato -LRB- -LSB- ˈpleɪtoʊ -RSB- Greek : Πλάτων Plátōn , -LSB- plá.tɔːn -RSB- in Classical Attic ; 428/427 or 424/423 -- 348/347 BCE -RRB- was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens , the first institution of higher learning in the Western world . He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy , especially the Western tradition . Unlike nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries , Plato 's entire work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years .   Along with his teacher , Socrates , and his most famous student , Aristotle , Plato laid the very foundations of Western philosophy and science . Alfred North Whitehead once noted : `` the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato . '' In addition to being a foundational figure for Western science , philosophy , and mathematics , Plato has also often been cited as one of the founders of Western religion and spirituality . Plato 's influence on Christianity is often thought to be mediated by his major influence on Saint Augustine of Hippo , one of the most important philosophers and theologians in the foundation of the Western thought . In the 19th century the philosopher Nietzsche criticized Christianity by saying it 's `` Platonism for the people '' . Numenius of Apamea viewed this differently , he called Plato the Hellenic Moses . This would justify the superiority of Christianity over Hellenism because Moses predates Plato - thus the original source of this wisdom is the root of Christianity and not Hellenistic culture .   Plato was the innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms in philosophy . Plato appears to have been the founder of Western political philosophy , with his Republic , and Laws among other dialogues , providing some of the earliest extant treatments of political questions from a philosophical perspective . Plato 's own most decisive philosophical influences are usually thought to have been Socrates , Parmenides , Heraclitus and Pythagoras , although few of his predecessors ' works remain extant and much of what we know about these figures today derives from Plato himself .   The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy describes Plato as '' ... one of the most dazzling writers in the Western literary tradition and one of the most penetrating , wide-ranging , and influential authors in the history of philosophy . ... He was not the first thinker or writer to whom the word `` philosopher '' should be applied . But he was so self-conscious about how philosophy should be conceived , and what its scope and ambitions properly are , and he so transformed the intellectual currents with which he grappled , that the subject of philosophy , as it is often conceived -- a rigorous and systematic examination of ethical , political , metaphysical , and epistemological issues , armed with a distinctive method -- can be called his invention . Few other authors in the history of Western philosophy approximate him in depth and range : perhaps only Aristotle -LRB- who studied with him -RRB- , Aquinas and Kant would be generally agreed to be of the same rank . ''


query: John Kiffmeyer used to be in a punk rock band.

document: John Kiffmeyer -LRB- born July 11 , 1969 -RRB- , known professionally in music as Al Sobrante , is an American musician , best known as the former drummer for the punk rock band Green Day . His name of Al Sobrante is a reference to his hometown , El Sobrante . His work with Green Day resulted in about 961,000 albums sold , which are mostly from the compilation album 1,039 / Smoothed Out Slappy Hours .


query: Linkin Park continued to explore.

document: Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills , California . Formed in 1996 , the band rose to international fame with their debut album Hybrid Theory -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , which was certified diamond by the RIAA in 2005 and multi-platinum in several other countries . Their following studio album Meteora continued the band 's success , topping the Billboard 200 album chart in 2003 , and was followed by extensive touring and charity work around the world . In 2003 , MTV2 named Linkin Park the sixth-greatest band of the music video era and the third-best of the new millennium . Billboard ranked Linkin Park No. 19 on the Best Artists of the Decade chart . In 2012 , the band was voted as the greatest artist of the 2000s in a Bracket Madness poll on VH1 . In 2014 , the band was declared as the Biggest Rock Band in the World Right Now by Kerrang ! .   Having adapted nu metal and rap metal to a radio-friendly yet densely layered style in Hybrid Theory and Meteora , the band explored other genres in their next studio album , Minutes to Midnight -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . The album topped the Billboard charts and had the third-best debut week of any album that year . The band continued to explore a wider variation of musical types in their fourth album , A Thousand Suns -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , layering their music with more electronic sounds and beats . Their fifth album , Living Things -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , combines musical elements from all of their previous records . Their sixth album , The Hunting Party -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , returned to a heavier rock sound . Their seventh album One More Light , a more electronic and pop-oriented record , was released on May 19 , 2017 . The band has collaborated with several other artists , including rapper Jay Z in their mashup EP Collision Course , and many others on the remix albums Reanimation and Recharged . Linkin Park has sold over 70 million albums worldwide and has won two Grammy Awards .


query: Rope was produced by Alfred Hitchcock and Sidney Bernstein.

document: Rope is a 1948 American film noir psychological crime thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock , based on the 1929 play of the same name by Patrick Hamilton , and adapted by Hume Cronyn and Arthur Laurents .   The film was produced by Hitchcock and Sidney Bernstein as the first of their Transatlantic Pictures productions . Starring James Stewart , John Dall and Farley Granger , this is the first of Hitchcock 's Technicolor films , and is notable for taking place in real time and being edited so as to appear as a single continuous shot through the use of long takes .  It is the second of Hitchcock 's `` limited setting '' films , the first being Lifeboat .  The original play was said to be inspired by the real-life murder of 14-year-old Bobby Franks in 1924 by University of Chicago students Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb .


query: Bus Stop (1956 film) is not a musical.

document: Bus Stop is a 1956 American romantic comedy film directed by Joshua Logan for 20th Century Fox , starring Marilyn Monroe , Don Murray , Arthur O'Connell , Betty Field , Eileen Heckart , Robert Bray and Hope Lange .   Unlike most of Monroe 's movies , Bus Stop is neither a full-fledged comedy nor a musical , but rather a dramatic piece ; it was the first film she appeared in after studying at the Actors Studio in New York . Monroe does however sing one song : `` That Old Black Magic '' by Harold Arlen and Johnny Mercer .   Bus Stop was based on two plays by William Inge , People in the Wind and Bus Stop . The inspiration for the play Bus Stop came from people Inge met in Tonganoxie , Kansas .   In the 1961 -- 62 season , ABC adapted the play and film into a television series of the same name , Bus Stop starring Marilyn Maxwell as the owner of the bus station and diner . In the segment `` Chérie '' which most closely follows the film , Tuesday Weld performed the role of Marilyn Monroe , and Gary Lockwood appeared as the Don Murray character .   The film was shot in Idaho and Arizona .


query: Steve Buscemi was in Fargo's cast.

document: Steven Vincent Buscemi -LRB- -LSB- buːˈsɛmi -RSB- born December 13 , 1957 -RRB- is an American actor and film director . Buscemi has starred and supported in successful Hollywood and indie films , including Parting Glances , New York Stories , Mystery Train , Reservoir Dogs , Desperado , Con Air , Armageddon , The Grey Zone , Ghost World , Big Fish , and The Sopranos . He is also known for his appearances in many films by the Coen brothers : Miller 's Crossing , Barton Fink , The Hudsucker Proxy , Fargo , and The Big Lebowski . Buscemi provides the voice of Randall Boggs in the Monsters , Inc. franchise .   From 2010 to 2014 , he portrayed Enoch `` Nucky '' Thompson in the critically acclaimed series Boardwalk Empire , which earned him two Screen Actors Guild Awards , a Golden Globe , and two nominations for an Emmy Award . He made his directorial debut in 1996 , with Trees Lounge , in which he also starred . Other works include Animal Factory -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Lonesome Jim -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and Interview -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . He has also directed numerous episodes of TV shows , including Homicide : Life on the Street , The Sopranos , Oz , 30 Rock , and Nurse Jackie . He currently hosts the Emmy Award-winning AOL On comedy talk-show Park Bench .


query: The Twilight Saga films star multiple actors.

document: The Twilight Saga is a series of five romance fantasy films from Summit Entertainment based on the four novels by American author Stephenie Meyer . The films star Kristen Stewart , Robert Pattinson , and Taylor Lautner . The series has grossed over $ 3.3 billion in worldwide receipts and consists , to date , of five motion pictures . The first installment , Twilight , was released on November 21 , 2008 . The second installment , New Moon , followed on November 20 , 2009 , breaking box office records as the biggest midnight screening and opening day in history , grossing an estimated $ 72.7 million . The third installment , Eclipse , was released on June 30 , 2010 , and was the first Twilight film to be released in IMAX .   The series was in development since 2004 at Paramount Pictures , during which time a screen adaptation of Twilight that differed significantly from the novel was written . Three years later , Summit Entertainment acquired the rights to the film . After Twilight grossed $ 35.7 million on its opening day , Summit Entertainment announced they would begin production on New Moon ; they had acquired the rights to the remaining novels earlier that same month . A two-part adaptation of Breaking Dawn began shooting in November 2010 with release dates of November 18 , 2011 , and November 16 , 2012 , respectively .


query: Bosnia and Herzegovina was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the interwar period.

document: Bosnia and Herzegovina -LRB- -LSB- ˈbɒzniə_ənd_ˌhɛərtsəɡoʊˈviːnə , _ - ˌhɜːrt - , _ - ɡə - -RSB- or -LSB- ˌhɜːrtsəˈɡɒvᵻnə -RSB- B&H ; Bosnian , Croatian , Serbian : Bosna i Hercegovina / Боснa и Херцеговина -LSB- bôsna i xěrt͡seɡoʋina -RSB- -RRB- , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina -LRB- BiH -RRB- , and , in short , often known informally as Bosnia , is a country in Southeastern Europe located on the Balkan Peninsula . Sarajevo is the capital and largest city . Bordered by Croatia to the north , west , and south ; Serbia to the east ; Montenegro to the southeast ; and the Adriatic Sea to the south , with a coastline about 20 km long surrounding the city of Neum . In the central and eastern interior of the country the geography is mountainous , in the northwest it is moderately hilly , and the northeast is predominantly flatland . The inland is a geographically larger region and has a moderate continental climate , with hot summers and cold and snowy winters . The southern tip of the country has a Mediterranean climate and plain topography .   Bosnia and Herzegovina is a region that traces permanent human settlement back to the Neolithic age , during and after which it was populated by several Illyrian and Celtic civilizations . Culturally , politically , and socially , the country has a rich history , having been first settled by the Slavic peoples that populate the area today from the 6th through to the 9th centuries . In the 12th century the Banate of Bosnia was established , which evolved into the Kingdom of Bosnia in the 14th century , after which it was annexed into the Ottoman Empire , under whose rule it would remain from the mid-15th to the late 19th centuries . The Ottomans brought Islam to the region , and altered much of the cultural and social outlook of the country . This was followed by annexation into the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy , which lasted up until World War I . In the interwar period , Bosnia was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and after World War II , the country was granted full republic status in the newly formed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . Following the dissolution of Yugoslavia , the country proclaimed independence in 1992 , which was followed by the Bosnian War , lasting until late 1995 .   Today , the country maintains high literacy , life expectancy and education levels and is one of the most frequently visited countries in the region , projected to have the third highest tourism growth rate in the world between 1995 and 2020 . Bosnia and Herzegovina is regionally and internationally renowned for its natural beauty and cultural heritage inherited from six historical civilizations , its cuisine , winter sports , its eclectic and unique music , architecture and its festivals , some of which are the largest and most prominent of their kind in Southeastern Europe . The country is home to three main ethnic groups or , officially , constituent peoples , as specified in the constitution . Bosniaks are the largest group of the three , with Serbs second and Croats third . A native of Bosnia and Herzegovina , regardless of ethnicity , is identified in English as a Bosnian . The terms Herzegovinian and Bosnian are maintained as a regional rather than ethnic distinction , and the region of Herzegovina has no precisely defined borders of its own . Moreover , the country was simply called `` Bosnia '' until the Austro-Hungarian occupation at the end of the 19th century .   Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature and a three-member Presidency composed of a member of each major ethnic group . However , the central government 's power is highly limited , as the country is largely decentralized and comprises two autonomous entities : the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska , with a third region , the Brčko District , governed under local government . The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is itself complex and consists of 10 cantons . The country is a potential candidate for membership to the European Union and has been a candidate for North Atlantic Treaty Organisation membership since April 2010 , when it received a Membership Action Plan at a summit in Tallinn . Additionally , the country has been a member of the Council of Europe since April 2002 and a founding member of the Mediterranean Union upon its establishment in July 2008 .


query: Whoopi Goldberg is an actress.

document: Caryn Elaine Johnson -LRB- born November 13 , 1955 -RRB- , known professionally as Whoopi Goldberg -LRB- -LSB- ˈwhʊpi -RSB- -RRB- , is an American actress , comedian , author and television host . She has been nominated for 13 Emmy Awards for her work in television and is one of the few entertainers who have won an Emmy Award , a Grammy Award , an Oscar , and a Tony Award . She was the second black woman in the history of the Academy Awards to win an acting Oscar .   In the period drama film The Color Purple -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , her breakthrough role was playing Celie , a mistreated black woman in the Deep South , for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress . In the romantic fantasy film Ghost -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , Goldberg played Oda Mae Brown , an eccentric psychic who helped a slain man -LRB- Patrick Swayze -RRB- save his lover -LRB- Demi Moore -RRB- , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress .   In 1992 , she starred as a pretend nun in the comedy Sister Act . From 1998 to 2002 , she was co-producer of the television game show Hollywood Squares . Since 2007 , she has been the moderator of the daytime television talk show The View .


query: Resident Evil 7: Biohazard challenges the player with puzzles.

document: Resident Evil 7 : Biohazard is a survival horror video game developed and published by Capcom . The game was released worldwide in January 2017 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 4 -- with support for the PlayStation VR headset -- and Xbox One . It is the eleventh main entry and 24th entry overall in the Resident Evil franchise . It is the first main series installment to be played from a first-person perspective .   The story follows civilian Ethan Winters as he searches for his wife Mia , which leads him to a derelict plantation inhabited by the Baker family . Ethan makes use of weapons and tools in the fight against the Baker family , and the `` Molded '' , a humanoid form of bacteria . Healing items are used in the event of injury and there are puzzles that may be solved to further the story . Instead of being action-oriented like Resident Evil 5 and 6 , the survival horror element present in earlier installments took priority . Thus , the game uses a first-person perspective . It is the first full-length game to be developed in the RE Engine .   Resident Evil 7 received generally favorable reviews , which praised the gameplay , graphics , and design . PlayStation VR was hailed for increasing player involvement . However , it was also subject to complaint , with decreased resolution and physical discomfort cited as its chief offenses . Further criticism was directed at the game 's boss battles and the final chapter of the game . It had the third-best sales debut in the series and has sold over 3 million copies .


query: Sunrise created Future GPX Cyber Formula.

document: is a Japanese animation studio and production enterprise . It is a subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Its former name was Nippon Sunrise , and prior to that , Sunrise Studios . Its headquarters is located in Suginami , Tokyo .   Among Japan 's largest and most famous studios , Sunrise is renowned for several critically lauded and popular original anime series , such as Gundam , Cowboy Bebop , Space Runaway Ideon , Armored Trooper Votoms , Yoroiden Samurai Troopers , Future GPX Cyber Formula , Crush Gear Turbo , The Vision of Escaflowne , Love Live School Idol Project , Witch Hunter Robin , My-HiME , My-Otome , Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion , Tiger & Bunny , Cross Ange : Rondo of Angel and Dragon , as well as its numerous adaptations of acclaimed light novels including Dirty Pair , Horizon in the Middle of Nowhere and Accel World , and manga such as City Hunter , InuYasha , Outlaw Star , Yakitate !! Japan , Planetes , Keroro Gunso , Gin Tama , Kekkaishi and several others .   Many of Sunrise 's original anime include similar themes , including mecha and masked identities accompanied with fluid animation . Because of the fluidity and high degree of details on much of their works , fans refer to their animation works as `` Sunrise Smooth '' .   Most of their works are mostly original titles created in-house by their creative staffs that went into a collective pseudonym called Hajime Yatate . They also previously operated a now defunct video game studio of their own named Sunrise Interactive . Sunrise also launched their own light novel publication titled Yatate Bunko Imprint on September 30 , 2016 aimed to publish new original titles and also to supplemment their already existing franchises with new materials .   Anime created by Sunrise that have won the Animage Anime Grand Prix prize are Mobile Suit Gundam in 1979 and the first half of 1980 , Space Runaway Ideon in the second half of 1980 , Crusher Joe -LRB- co-production with Studio Nue -RRB- in 1983 , Dirty Pair in 1985 , Future GPX Cyber Formula in 1991 , Gundam SEED in 2002 , Gundam SEED Destiny in 2004 and 2005 , Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion in 2006 and 2007 and Code Geass R2 in 2008 , thus making Sunrise as the studio that won the most number of Animage Awards .


query: Lee Min-ho is an actor.

document: Lee Min-ho -LRB- , born June 22 , 1987 -RRB- is a South Korean actor and singer . He first gained widespread fame in Korea and parts of Asia with his role as Gu Jun-pyo in Boys Over Flowers in 2009 . The role won him a Best New Actor award at the 45th Baeksang Arts Awards . He is noted for his leading roles in City Hunter -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , The Heirs -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and The Legend of the Blue Sea -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . The success of Lee 's television dramas throughout Asia established him as a top Hallyu star . Lee starred in his first leading role in film with Gangnam Blues -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , followed by his first China-produced film Bounty Hunters -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .


query: Financial crimes may involve the crime of taking or attempting to take anything of value by force, threat of force or by putting the victim in fear.

document: Financial crimes are crimes against property , involving the unlawful conversion of the ownership of property -LRB- belonging to one person -RRB- to one 's own personal use and benefit . Financial crimes may involve fraud -LRB- cheque fraud , credit card fraud , mortgage fraud , medical fraud , corporate fraud , securities fraud -LRB- including insider trading -RRB- , bank fraud , insurance fraud , market manipulation , payment -LRB- point of sale -RRB- fraud , health care fraud -RRB- ; theft ; scams or confidence tricks ; tax evasion ; bribery ; embezzlement ; identity theft ; money laundering ; and forgery and counterfeiting , including the production of Counterfeit money and consumer goods .   Financial crimes may involve additional criminal acts , such as computer crime , elder abuse , burglary , armed robbery , and even violent crime such as robbery or murder . Financial crimes may be carried out by individuals , corporations , or by organized crime groups . Victims may include individuals , corporations , governments , and entire economies .


query: Emilio Estevez is a script writer.

document: Emilio Estevez -LRB- -LSB- ɛˈmiljoʊ_ɛstˈɛbɛs -RSB- born May 12 , 1962 -RRB- is an American actor , director , and writer . He started his career as an actor and is well known for being a member of the acting Brat Pack of the 1980s , starring in The Breakfast Club , St. Elmo 's Fire , and also acting in the 1983 hit movie The Outsiders . He is also known for Repo Man , The Mighty Ducks and its sequels , Stakeout , Maximum Overdrive , Bobby -LRB- which he also wrote and directed -RRB- , and his performances in Western films such as Young Guns and its sequel .


query: Poland is in the European Union.

document: Poland -LRB- Polska -LSB- ˈpɔlska -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Republic of Poland -LRB- -LSB- Rzeczpospolita Polska , links = no -RSB- , -RRB- , is a parliamentary republic in Central Europe . Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312679 km2 with a mostly temperate climate . With a population of over 38.5 million people , Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest city is Warsaw . Other cities include Kraków , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk and Szczecin .   The establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented a longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe with a uniquely liberal political system which declared Europe 's first constitution .   Following the partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century , Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles . In September 1939 , World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany , followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact . More than six million of Poland 's citizens died in the war . After World War II , the Polish People 's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence . In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989 , most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement , Poland established itself as a democratic republic .   Poland is the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union , simultaneously achieving a `` very high '' ranking on the Human Development Index . Additionally , the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe . Poland is a developed and democratic country , with a high-income economy , and a very high standard of living . It also ranks very highly in education , safety and economic freedom . According to the World Bank , Poland has one of the best educational systems in Europe , placing it among the most educated nations . The country provides free university education , state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens . Situated between Eastern and Western European cultures and coined by a changing history , Poland developed a rich cultural heritage , including numerous historical monuments and 14 UNESCO World Heritage Sites . It is visited by approximately 16 million tourists every year -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , making it the 16th most visited country in the world . Poland is a member state of the European Union , the Schengen Area , the United Nations , NATO and the OECD .


query: Memorial Day is observed on the last Monday of May to honor fallen soldiers.

document: Memorial Day is a federal holiday in the United States for remembering the people who died while serving in the country 's armed forces . The holiday , which is currently observed every year on the last Monday of May , was held on May 30 from 1868-1971 . It marks the start of the unofficial summer vacation season , while Labor Day marks its end .   Many people visit cemeteries and memorials , particularly to honor those who have died in military service . Many volunteers place an American flag on each grave in national cemeteries .   Memorial Day is not to be confused with Veterans Day ; Memorial Day is a day of remembering the men and women who died while serving , while Veterans Day celebrates the service of all U.S. military veterans .


query: Bryan Cranston and Vince Gilligan worked together.

document: Bryan Lee Cranston -LRB- born March 7 , 1956 -RRB- is an American actor , voice actor , screenwriter , director and producer . He is best known for portraying Walter White on the AMC crime drama series Breaking Bad , Hal on the Fox comedy series Malcolm in the Middle , and Dr. Tim Whatley in five episodes of the NBC comedy series Seinfeld .   For Breaking Bad , Cranston won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series four times -LRB- 2008 -- 2010 , 2014 -RRB- , including three consecutive wins -LRB- the second time in television history after Bill Cosby in I Spy during the 1960s -RRB- . After becoming one of the producers of Breaking Bad in 2011 , he also won the award for Outstanding Drama Series twice .   Cranston was also nominated three times for the Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for his role in Malcolm in the Middle . His role in Breaking Bad also earned him five Golden Globe nominations and one win in 2014 , nine Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations with four wins , and six Satellite Awards nominations with four wins . In June 2014 , he won a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for his portrayal of Lyndon B. Johnson in the play All the Way on Broadway . He reprised his role in the television film of the same name , which debuted on HBO in May 2016 . For the film Trumbo -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , he received widespread acclaim and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor .   Cranston has directed episodes of various television series , including seven episodes of Malcolm in the Middle , three episodes of Breaking Bad , two episodes of Modern Family and one episode of The Office . He has also appeared in several acclaimed films such as Saving Private Ryan -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , Little Miss Sunshine -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Drive -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Argo -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and Godzilla -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . In 2015 , Cranston , together with David Shore , executive produced and wrote the story for the Amazon Studios original crime drama Sneaky Pete , the pilot episode of which aired on August 7 , 2015 .


query: The American Broadcasting Company has a nickname.

document: The American Broadcasting Company -LRB- ABC -RRB- is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is owned by the Disney -- ABC Television Group , a subsidiary of the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company . The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan , New York City . There are additional major offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City , as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank , California .   Since 2007 , when ABC Radio -LRB- also known as Cumulus Media Networks -RRB- was sold to Citadel Broadcasting , ABC has reduced its broadcasting operations almost exclusively to television . The fifth-oldest major broadcasting network in the world and the youngest of the Big Three television networks , ABC is often nicknamed as `` The Alphabet Network '' , as its initialism also represents the first three letters of the English alphabet , in order .   ABC originally launched on October 12 , 1943 , as a radio network , separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network , which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble . It extended its operations to television in 1948 , following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS and NBC . In the mid-1950s , ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres , a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures . Leonard Goldenson , who had been the head of UPT , made the new television network profitable by helping develop and greenlight many successful series . In the 1980s , after purchasing an 80 % interest in cable sports channel ESPN , the network 's corporate parent , American Broadcasting Companies , Inc. , merged with Capital Cities Communications , owner of several print publications , and television and radio stations . In 1996 , most of Capital Cities/ABC 's assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company .   The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States and its territories . Most Canadians have access to at least one U.S.-based ABC affiliate , either over-the-air -LRB- in areas located within proximity to the Canada -- United States border -RRB- or through a cable , satellite or IPTV provider , although most ABC programs are subject to simultaneous substitution regulations imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission that allow pay television providers to replace an American station 's signal with the feed of a Canadian broadcaster to protect domestic programming rights and advertising revenue . ABC News provides news and features content for select radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting , which purchased the ABC Radio properties in 2007 .


query: Alexander Hamilton attended a college that is now called Columbia University.

document: Alexander Hamilton -LRB- January 11 , 1755 or 1757July 12 , 1804 -RRB- was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States . He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution , as well as the founder of the nation 's financial system , the Federalist Party , the United States Coast Guard , and The New York Post newspaper . As the first Secretary of the Treasury , Hamilton was the main author of the economic policies of the George Washington administration . He took the lead in the funding of the states ' debts by the Federal government , as well as the establishment of a national bank , a system of tariffs , and friendly trade relations with Britain . His vision included a strong central government led by a vigorous executive branch , a strong commercial economy , with a national bank and support for manufacturing , plus a strong military . This was challenged by Virginia agrarians Thomas Jefferson and James Madison who formed a rival party . They favored strong states based in rural America and protected by state militias as opposed to a strong national army and navy . They denounced Hamilton as too friendly toward Britain and toward monarchy in general , and too oriented toward cities , business and banking .   Hamilton was born out of wedlock in Charlestown , Nevis to a married mother of English and French Huguenot ancestry and a Scottish father . His father , James A. Hamilton , was the fourth son of Alexander Hamilton , the laird of Grange , Ayrshire . Orphaned as a child by his mother 's death and his father 's abandonment , Hamilton was taken in by an older cousin and later by a prosperous merchant family . He was recognized for his intelligence and talent , and sponsored by a group of wealthy local men to travel to New York City to pursue his education . Hamilton attended King 's College -LRB- now Columbia University -RRB- , choosing to stay in the Thirteen Colonies to seek his fortune .   Discontinuing his studies before graduating when the college closed its doors during British occupation of the city , Hamilton played a major role in the American Revolutionary War . At the start of the war in 1775 , he joined a militia company . In early 1776 , he raised a provincial artillery company , to which he was appointed captain . He soon became the senior aide to General Washington , the American forces ' commander-in-chief . Hamilton was dispatched by Washington on numerous missions to convey plans to his generals . After the war , Hamilton was elected as a representative to the Congress of the Confederation from New York . He resigned to practice law , and founded the Bank of New York .   Hamilton was among those dissatisfied with the weak national government . He led the Annapolis Convention , which successfully influenced Congress to issue a call for the Philadelphia Convention in order to create a new constitution . He was an active participant at Philadelphia , and he helped achieve ratification by writing 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers which , to this day , are the single most important reference for Constitutional interpretation .   Hamilton became the leading cabinet member in the new government under President Washington . He was a nationalist who emphasized strong central government and successfully argued that the implied powers of the Constitution provided the legal authority to fund the national debt , assume states ' debts , and create the government-backed Bank of the United States . These programs were funded primarily by a tariff on imports , and later also by a highly controversial tax on whiskey . To overcome localism , Hamilton mobilized a nationwide network of friends of the government , especially bankers and businessmen , which became the Federalist Party . A major issue in the emergence of the American two-party system was the Jay Treaty , largely designed by Hamilton in 1794 . It established friendly trade relations with Britain , to the chagrin of France and the supporters of the French Revolution . Hamilton played a central role in the Federalist party , which dominated national and state politics until it lost the election of 1800 to Jefferson 's Democratic-Republican Party .   In 1795 , he returned to the practice of law in New York . He tried to control the policies of President Adams -LRB- 1797 -- 1801 -RRB- . In 1798 -- 99 , Hamilton called for mobilization against France after the XYZ Affair and became commander of a new army , which he readied for war . However , the Quasi-War was never officially declared and did not involve army action , though it was hard-fought at sea . In the end , President Adams found a diplomatic solution that avoided a war with France . Hamilton 's opposition to Adams ' re-election helped cause his defeat in the 1800 election . Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college in 1801 , and Hamilton helped to defeat Burr , whom he found unprincipled , and to elect Jefferson despite philosophical differences .   Hamilton continued his legal and business activities in New York City , and was active in ending the legality of the international slave trade . Vice President Burr ran for governor of New York State in 1804 , and Hamilton crusaded against him as unworthy . Burr took offense and challenged him to a duel . Burr mortally wounded Hamilton , who died the next day .


query: There was a neo-noir crime film whose screenplay was by Brian Helgeland.

document: L.A. Confidential is a 1997 American neo-noir crime film directed , produced and co-written by Curtis Hanson . The screenplay by Hanson and Brian Helgeland is loosely based on James Ellroy 's 1990 novel of the same name , the third book in his L.A. Quartet series . Like the book , the film tells the story of a group of LAPD officers in 1953 , and the intersection of police corruption and Hollywood celebrity . The title refers to the 1950s scandal magazine Confidential , portrayed in the film as Hush-Hush .   At the time , Australian actor Guy Pearce and New Zealand actor Russell Crowe were relatively unknown in North America , and one of the film 's backers , Peter Dennett , was worried about the lack of established stars in the lead roles . However , he supported Hanson 's casting decisions and this gave the director the confidence to approach Kevin Spacey , Kim Basinger , and Danny DeVito .   The film grossed $ 126 million worldwide and was critically acclaimed , holding a 99 % rating at Rotten Tomatoes and an aggregated score of 90 out of 100 on Metacritic . It was nominated for nine Academy Awards , winning two : Basinger for Best Supporting Actress and Hanson and Helgeland for Best Adapted Screenplay ; it lost every other category to Titanic . In 2015 , the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , finding it `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .