query: Ludacris's record is called Battle of the Sexes and he has created work.

document: Christopher Brian `` Chris '' Bridges -LRB- born September 11 , 1977 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Ludacris , is an American hip hop recording artist and actor . Alongside his manager , Chaka Zulu , Ludacris is the co-founder of Disturbing tha Peace , an imprint distributed by Def Jam Recordings . Throughout his career , Ludacris has won Screen Actors Guild , Critic 's Choice , MTV , and Grammy Awards . Along with fellow Atlanta-based rappers Big Boi and André 3000 of OutKast , Ludacris was one of the first and most influential `` Dirty South '' rappers to achieve mainstream success during the early 2000s . In 2014 , Ludacris was featured in Forbes list titled `` Hip-Hop Cash Kings '' , as he earned $ 8 million . Next year , he could again make it to their list by earning the same amount .   Born in Champaign , Illinois , Ludacris moved to Atlanta at age nine , where he began rapping . After a brief stint as a disc jockey -LRB- DJ -RRB- , he released his first album Incognegro in 1999 , followed by Back for the First Time in 2000 , which contained the singles `` Southern Hospitality '' and `` What 's Your Fantasy '' . In 2001 , he released Word of Mouf , followed by Chicken-n-Beer in 2003 and The Red Light District in 2004 . He took a more serious approach with his next two albums , Release Therapy -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , and Theater of the Mind -LRB- 2008 -RRB- . His next record , Battle of the Sexes , was released in 2010 and featured the tone of his previous albums . Ludaversal was released on March 31 , 2015 . As an actor , he has appeared in films including Crash -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Gamer -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , and New Year 's Eve -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , but is best known for playing Tej Parker in The Fast and the Furious film series .


query: Event management includes arranging decor and catering.

document: Event management is the application of project management to the creation and development of large scale events such as festivals , conferences , ceremonies , formal parties , concerts , or conventions . It involves studying the brand , identifying it 's target audience , devising the event concept , and coordinating the technical aspects before actually launching the event .   The process of planning and coordinating the event is usually referred to as event planning and which can include budgeting , scheduling , site selection , acquiring necessary permits , coordinating transportation and parking , arranging for speakers or entertainers , arranging decor , event security , catering , coordinating with third party vendors , and emergency plans .   The events industry now includes events of all sizes from the Olympics down to business breakfast meetings . Many industries , charitable organizations , and interest groups hold events in order to market themselves , build business relationships , raise money , or celebrate achievement .


query: G1 Climax is a competition in which wrestlers compete professionally.

document: __ NOTOC __  The G1 -LRB- Grade One -RRB- Climax is a professional wrestling tournament held each August by the New Japan Pro-Wrestling promotion . The G1 draws standing room only crowds each night , record receipt gates and generates front-page coverage on the sports sections of several of the daily newspapers in Tokyo . Though it has sometimes been held as a single-elimination tournament , it is usually -LRB- and currently -RRB- held as a round-robin , with winners from two blocks wrestling in the final to decide that year 's winner . In its current format , the tournament lasts four weeks . The winner of each block is determined by a points system ; two points for a victory , one point for a draw , and zero points for a loss .


query: Cher recorded the message Cher (1987).

document: Cher -LRB- -LSB- ˈʃɛər -RSB- born Cherilyn Sarkisian , May 20 , 1946 -RRB- is an American singer and actress . Sometimes referred to as the Goddess of Pop , she has been described as embodying female autonomy in a male-dominated industry . She is known for her distinctive contralto singing voice and for having worked in numerous areas of entertainment , as well as adopting a variety of styles and appearances during her five-decade-long career .   Cher gained popularity in 1965 as one-half of the folk rock husband-wife duo Sonny & Cher after their song `` I Got You Babe '' reached number one on the American and British charts . By the end of 1967 , they had sold 40 million records worldwide and had become , according to Time magazine , rock 's `` it '' couple . She began her solo career simultaneously , releasing in 1966 her first million-seller song , `` Bang Bang -LRB- My Baby Shot Me Down -RRB- '' . She became a television personality in the 1970s with her shows The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour , watched by over 30 million viewers weekly during its three-year run , and Cher . She emerged as a fashion trendsetter by wearing elaborate outfits on her television shows . While working on television , she established herself as a solo artist with the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping singles `` Gypsys , Tramps & Thieves '' , `` Half-Breed '' , and `` Dark Lady '' . After her divorce from Sonny Bono in 1975 , Cher launched a comeback in 1979 with the disco-oriented album Take Me Home and earned $ 300,000 a week for her 198082 residency show in Las Vegas .   In 1982 , Cher made her Broadway debut in the play Come Back to the Five and Dime , Jimmy Dean , Jimmy Dean and starred in the film adaptation of the same title . She subsequently earned critical acclaim for her performances in films such as Silkwood -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , Mask -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , and Moonstruck -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress . She then revived her musical career by recording the rock-inflected albums Cher -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Heart of Stone -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , and Love Hurts -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , all of which yielded several successful singles . She reached a new commercial peak in 1998 with the album Believe , whose title track became the biggest-selling single of all time by a female artist in the UK . It also features the pioneering use of Auto-Tune , also known as the `` Cher effect '' . Her 2002 -- 2005 Living Proof : The Farewell Tour became one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time , earning $ 250 million . In 2008 , she signed a $ 180 million deal to headline the Colosseum at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas for three years . After seven years of absence , she returned to film in the 2010 musical Burlesque . Cher 's first studio album in 12 years , Closer to the Truth -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , became her highest-charting solo album in the U.S. to date at number three .   Cher has won a Grammy Award , an Emmy Award , an Academy Award , three Golden Globe Awards , a Cannes Film Festival Award , and a special CFDA Fashion Award , among several other honors . Throughout her career , she has sold 100 million records worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling music artists in the music history . She is the only artist to date to have a number-one single on a Billboard chart in each decade from the 1960s to the 2010s . Outside of her music and acting , she is noted for her political views , philanthropic endeavors and social activism , including LGBT rights and HIV/AIDS prevention .


query: Celeste and Jesse Forever was co-written by an actor.

document: Celeste and Jesse Forever is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Lee Toland Krieger . It stars Rashida Jones and Andy Samberg , and was written by Jones and Will McCormack , who also has a role in the film . It was released on August 3 , 2012 , in New York and Los Angeles .


query: 2001: A Space Odyssey was filmed in England and received praise.

document: 2001 : A Space Odyssey is a 1968 epic science-fiction film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick . The screenplay was written by Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke , partially inspired by Clarke 's short story `` The Sentinel '' . Clarke concurrently wrote the novel 2001 : A Space Odyssey , published soon after the film was released . The film follows a voyage to Jupiter with the sentient computer Hal after the discovery of a mysterious black monolith affecting human evolution . It deals with the themes of existentialism , human evolution , technology , artificial intelligence , and extraterrestrial life . It is noted for its scientifically accurate depiction of space flight , pioneering special effects , and ambiguous imagery . It uses sound and minimal dialogue in place of traditional narrative techniques ; the soundtrack consists of classical music such as Gayane Ballet Suite , The Blue Danube , Also sprach Zarathustra , and pieces from contemporary composer György Ligeti .   2001 : A Space Odyssey was financed and distributed by American studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , but it was filmed and edited almost entirely in England using the studio facilities of the MGM-British Studios and those of Shepperton Studios , mostly because of the availability of much larger sound stages than in the United States . Production was subcontracted to Kubrick 's production company , and care was taken that the film would be sufficiently British to qualify for subsidy from the Eady Levy . Kubrick had shot his previous two films in England and decided to settle there permanently during filming .   2001 : A Space Odyssey initially received mixed reactions from critics and audiences , but it garnered a cult following and slowly became the highest-grossing North American film of 1968 . It was nominated for four Academy Awards and received one for its visual effects . The sequel 2010 was released in 1984 , directed by Peter Hyams .   Today , 2001 : A Space Odyssey is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential films ever made . In 1991 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . The critics ' polls in the 2002 and 2012 editions of Sight & Sound magazine ranked 2001 : A Space Odyssey sixth in the top ten films of all time ; it also tied for second place in the directors ' poll of the same magazine . In 2010 , it was named the greatest film of all time by The Moving Arts Film Journal .


query: Belgium is mostly Flemish.

document: Belgium -LRB- -LSB- ˈbɛldʒəm -RSB- België -LSB- ˈbɛlɣijə -RSB- ; Belgique -LSB- bɛlʒik -RSB- ; Belgien -LSB- ˈbɛlɡi̯ən -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France , the Netherlands , Germany , Luxembourg , and the North Sea . It is a small , densely populated country which covers an area of 30528 km2 and has a population of about 11 million people . Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe , Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups : the Dutch-speaking , mostly Flemish community , which constitutes about 59 % of the population , and the French-speaking , mostly Walloon population , which comprises 41 % of all Belgians . Additionally , there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area , and bordering Germany .   Historically , Belgium , the Netherlands and Luxembourg -LRB- along with parts of Northern France and Western Germany -RRB- were known as the Low Countries ; it once covered a somewhat larger area than the current Benelux group of states . The region was called Belgica in Latin , after the Roman province of Gallia Belgica . From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century , the area of Belgium was a prosperous and cosmopolitan centre of commerce and culture . From the 16th century until the Belgian Revolution in 1830 , when Belgium seceded from the Netherlands , the area of Belgium served as the battleground between many European powers , causing it to be dubbed the `` Battlefield of Europe , ''  a reputation strengthened by both world wars .   Today , Belgium is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance . It is divided into three regions and three communities , that exist next to each other . Its two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia . The Brussels-Capital Region is an officially bilingual -LRB- French and Dutch -RRB- enclave within the Flemish Region .  A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia .  Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments .   Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolution  and , during the course of the 20th century , possessed a number of colonies in Africa . The second half of the 20th century was marked by rising tensions between the Dutch-speaking and the French-speaking citizens fueled by differences in language and culture and the unequal economic development of Flanders and Wallonia . This continuing antagonism has led to several far-reaching reforms , resulting in a transition from a unitary to a federal arrangement during the period from 1970 to 1993 . Despite the reforms , tensions between the groups have remained , if not increased ; there is significant separatism particularly among the Flemish ; controversial language laws exist such as the municipalities with language facilities ; and the formation of a coalition government took 18 months following the June 2010 federal election , a world record . Belgium is one of the six founding countries of the European Union and hosts the official seats of the European Commission , Council of the European Union , and European Council , as well as a seat of the European Parliament in the country 's capital , Brussels . Belgium is also a founding member of the Eurozone , NATO , OECD and WTO , and a part of the trilateral Benelux Union . Its capital , Brussels , hosts several of the EU 's official seats as well as the headquarters of many major international organizations such as NATO.Belgium is a member of , or affiliated to , many international organizations , including ACCT , AfDB , AsDB , Australia Group , Benelux , BIS , CCC , CE , CERN , EAPC , EBRD , EIB , EMU , ESA , EU , FAO , G-10 , IAEA , IBRD , ICAO , ICC , ICRM , IDA , IDB , IEA , IFAD , IFC , IFRCS , IHO , ILO , IMF , IMO , IMSO , Intelsat , Interpol , IOC , IOM , ISO , ITU , MONUC -LRB- observers -RRB- , NATO , NEA , NSG , OAS -LRB- observer -RRB- , OECD , OPCW , OSCE , PCA , UN , UNCTAD , UNECE , UNESCO , UNHCR , UNIDO , UNMIK , UNMOGIP , UNRWA , UNTSO , UPU , WADB -LRB- non-regional -RRB- , WEU , WHO , WIPO , WMO , WTrO , ZC . Belgium is also a part of the Schengen Area . Belgium is a developed country , with an advanced high-income economy and is categorized as `` very high '' in the Human Development Index .


query: The Twilight Saga's first installment was released in 2008.

document: Kristen Jaymes Stewart -LRB- born -RRB- is an American actress and model . Born in Los Angeles to parents working in show business , Stewart began her acting career in 1999 with uncredited roles and a minor character appearance in several films . She gained notice in 2002 for playing Jodie Foster 's daughter in the thriller Panic Room , which garnered her a Young Artist Award nomination for Best Leading Actress in a Feature Film . She went on to star in Speak -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Catch That Kid -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Zathura -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , and Into The Wild -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , for which she was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award . She received widespread recognition in 2008 for playing Bella Swan in The Twilight Saga film series -LRB- 2008 -- 12 -RRB- , which grossed over $ 3.3 billion worldwide .   Stewart has appeared in a wide variety of films , including Adventureland -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , The Runaways -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Snow White and the Huntsman -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , On the Road -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Camp X-Ray -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Still Alice -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and Equals -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . She won the BAFTA Rising Star Award in 2010 and was awarded the Milan International Film Festival Award for Best Actress in 2011 for Welcome to the Rileys -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . In 2015 , she received critical acclaim for her role opposite Juliette Binoche in Clouds of Sils Maria , for which she won a multitude of accolades , including the César Award for Best Supporting Actress , making her the first American actress to win a César Award . She starred in Personal Shopper -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , written for her by director Olivier Assayas , who had worked with her in the previous film .   Stewart was listed as the highest-earning female actress in the Vanity Fair `` Hollywood Top Earners List of 2010 , '' with an estimated earning of $ 28.5 million . In 2011 , she was named number one on Forbes list of `` Hollywood 's Best Actors for the Buck . '' Forbes also named her as the highest paid actress in 2012 , with total earnings of $ 34.5 million . She is the `` face '' of Chanel and Balenciaga fashion brands .


query: Tom Cruise has won Golden Globe Awards.

document: Thomas Cruise Mapother IV -LRB- born July 3 , 1962 -RRB- , known professionally as Tom Cruise , is an American actor and producer . He has been nominated for three Academy Awards and has won three Golden Globe Awards . He started his career at age 19 in the film Endless Love -LRB- 1981 -RRB- . After portraying supporting roles in Taps -LRB- 1981 -RRB- and The Outsiders -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , his first leading role was in the romantic comedy Risky Business , released in August 1983 . Cruise became a full-fledged movie star after starring as Pete `` Maverick '' Mitchell in the action drama Top Gun -LRB- 1986 -RRB- . One of the biggest movie stars in Hollywood , Cruise starred in several more successful films in the 1980s , including the dramas The Color of Money -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , Cocktail -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , Rain Man -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , and Born on the Fourth of July -LRB- 1989 -RRB- .   In the 1990s , he starred in a number of hit films , including the romance Far and Away -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , the drama A Few Good Men -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , the legal thriller The Firm -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , the drama horror film Interview with the Vampire -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , the romantic comedy-drama sports film Jerry Maguire -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , the erotic thriller Eyes Wide Shut , and the drama Magnolia -LRB- both 1999 -RRB- . Since 1996 , Cruise has been well known for his role as IMF agent Ethan Hunt in the Mission : Impossible film series , whose most recent film , Mission : Impossible -- Rogue Nation , was released in 2015 .   In the 2000s , Cruise starred in a number of successful films , including the science fiction thrillers Vanilla Sky -LRB- 2001 -RRB- and Minority Report -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , the epic war film The Last Samurai -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , the crime film Collateral -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , the science fiction disaster thriller War of the Worlds -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , and the historical thriller Valkyrie -LRB- 2008 -RRB- .   In the 2010s , he has starred in the action comedy Knight and Day -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , the thriller Jack Reacher -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , the post-apocalyptic science fiction film Oblivion -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , and the military science fiction film Edge of Tomorrow -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . In 2012 , Cruise was Hollywood 's highest-paid actor . 16 of his films grossed over $ 100 million domestically ; 22 have grossed in excess of $ 200 million worldwide .   He has won Golden Globe Awards for Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture in Drama in 1990 for Born on the Fourth of July ; Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture in Comedy/Musical in 1997 for Jerry Maguire ; and Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture in 2000 for Magnolia . In 2002 , Cruise won the Saturn Award for Best Actor for Vanilla Sky . In 2003 , he won an AFI Movie of the Year Award for The Last Samurai and an Empire Award for Best Actor for Minority Report .   Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the Church of Scientology and its associated social programs , and credits it with helping him overcome dyslexia . In the 2000s , his criticisms of psychiatry and anti-depressant drugs , particularly therapy for 9/11 rescue workers , and efforts to promote Scientology as a religion in Europe , sparked controversies , as did a leaked video interview of him promoting Scientology .


query: Jamie Foxx was in a 2014 film.

document: Eric Marlon Bishop -LRB- born December 13 , 1967 -RRB- , known professionally by his stage name Jamie Foxx , is an American actor , singer , songwriter , record producer and comedian . He won an Academy Award for Best Actor , BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role , and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy , for his portrayal of Ray Charles in the 2004 biographical film Ray . The same year , he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the crime film Collateral .   Other prominent acting roles include Staff Sergeant Sykes in Jarhead -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , Detective Ricardo Tubbs in the 2006 film adaptation of TV series Miami Vice , the title role in the film Django Unchained -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and the supervillain Electro in The Amazing Spider-Man 2 -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Foxx also starred in the 1990-1994 sketch comedy show In Living Color and his own television show from 1996 to 2001 , the sitcom The Jamie Foxx Show , in which he played Jamie King , Jr. . Foxx also starred in the 2014 film Annie , in which he played Will Stacks .   Foxx is also a Grammy Award-winning musician , producing four albums which have charted in the top ten of the US Billboard 200 : Unpredictable -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , which topped the chart , Intuition -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Best Night of My Life -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , and Hollywood : A Story of a Dozen Roses -LRB- 2015 -RRB- .


query: Cloud Atlas's plots are set in eras.

document: Cloud Atlas is a 2012 German-American science fiction film written and directed by The Wachowskis and Tom Tykwer . Adapted from the 2004 novel of the same name by David Mitchell , the film has multiple plots set across six different eras , which Mitchell described as `` a sort of pointillist mosaic . '' The official synopsis describes it as `` an exploration of how the actions of individual lives impact one another in the past , present and future , as one soul is shaped from a killer into a hero , and an act of kindness ripples across centuries to inspire a revolution . '' Tom Hanks , Halle Berry , and Jim Broadbent lead an ensemble cast .   The film was produced by Grant Hill , Stefan Arndt , the Wachowskis , and Tykwer . During four years of development , the project met difficulties securing financial support ; it was eventually produced with a $ 102 million budget provided by independent sources , making it one of the most expensive independent films of all time . Production began in September 2011 at Studio Babelsberg in Potsdam-Babelsberg , Germany .   It premiered on 8 September 2012 at the 37th Toronto International Film Festival and was released on 26 October 2012 in conventional and IMAX cinemas . It polarized critics , and has been included on various Best Film and Worst Film lists . It was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score for Tykwer -LRB- who co-scored the film -RRB- , Johnny Klimek , and Reinhold Heil . It received several nominations at the Saturn Awards including Best Science Fiction Film , winning for Best Editing and Best Make-up .


query: Connaught Tunnel is in Canada.

document: For the Connaught tunnel in East London , England , see Eastern Counties and Thames Junction Railway  The Connaught Tunnel is a railway tunnel under the Selkirk Mountains in southeastern British Columbia , Canada , near the city of Revelstoke . The 5.022 mi tunnel carries the Canadian Pacific Railway main line under Mount Macdonald and replaced the railway 's previous routing over Rogers Pass , which had been struck by several deadly avalanches since its completion in 1885 . At the time it was built , the Connaught Tunnel was the longest railway tunnel in North America . It was named for the Governor General of Canada -- the Prince Arthur , Duke of Connaught -- who in turn was named after the province of Connaught in Ireland .   Announced in February 1913 , the contract was awarded on July 1 , 1913 , to Foley Bros. . Welch and Stewart . The tunnel was designed by John G. Sullivan who joined the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1900 and eventually became Chief Engineer for Canada . A small tunnel was built , from which cross cuts were made to the main tunnel so work could carry on at a number of headings . The sub-contractor guaranteed to drill 900 ft of tunnel per month and started on April 2 , 1914 . Compressed air equipment and narrow gauge locomotives were used inside the tunnel . The company town housed some 300 workers . The tunnel was completed before the original deadline , with operation beginning December 16 , 1916 . It had a grade of only 0.95 per cent westward , and was tangent ; light at one end can be seen at the other , more than five miles away .   It cost $ 5.5 million , while a further $ 3 million were spent on track revision , which saw 14.5 mi abandoned including the Loops and over 4 mi of snow sheds . In all , the route was shortened by 4.3 mi .   Problems were encountered with ventilation , loose rocks and wet rails , which caused trains to stall . The tunnel was later lined with reinforced concrete and equipped with a better ventilation system . Originally double tracked , it was realigned with a single track in 1959 to accommodate higher freight cars .   In the late 1980s , the Mount Macdonald Tunnel was built to supplement the Connaught Tunnel and to lessen the grade on the eastern approach to the pass . Trains now predominantly travel east through the Connaught Tunnel and west through the Mount Macdonald Tunnel .   In 2001 , the Connaught Tunnel was inducted into the North America Railway Hall of Fame . The Hall of Fame recognizes and establishes an enduring tribute to the people and things that have made significant contribution relating to railway industry in North America . The Connaught Tunnel was inducted in the `` Facilities and Structures '' category with `` National '' significance .


query: Neil Patrick Harris was nominated for two Emmy Awards for his role in How I Met Your Mother.

document: Neil Patrick Harris -LRB- born June 15 , 1973 -RRB- is an American actor , comedian , magician , singer , and composer , known primarily for his comedy roles on television and his dramatic and musical stage roles . On television , he is known for playing the title character on Doogie Howser , M.D. -LRB- 1989 -- 1993 -RRB- , Barney Stinson on How I Met Your Mother -LRB- 2005 -- 2014 , for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards -RRB- , and Count Olaf on A Series of Unfortunate Events -LRB- 2017 onward -RRB- .   Harris is also known for his role as the title character in Joss Whedon 's musical Dr. Horrible 's Sing-Along Blog -LRB- 2008 -RRB- and a fictional version of himself in the Harold & Kumar film series -LRB- 2004 -- 2011 -RRB- . His other films include Starship Troopers -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Beastly -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , The Smurfs -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , The Smurfs 2 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , A Million Ways to Die in the West -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and Gone Girl -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . In 2014 , he starred in the title role in Hedwig and the Angry Inch on Broadway , for which he won the 2014 Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical .   Harris has hosted the Tony Awards in 2009 , 2011 , 2012 , and 2013 , for which he won several special class Emmy Awards . He also hosted the Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009 and 2013 , and hosted the 87th Academy Awards in 2015 , thus making him the first openly gay man to host the Academy Awards .   Harris was named one of Time magazine 's 100 Most Influential People in 2010 . He is married to David Burtka . In 2010 , they got twins through surrogacy .


query: Dylan O'Brien has worked with the director Wes Ball.

document: Dylan O'Brien -LRB- born August 26 , 1991 -RRB- is an American actor . He first received attention as `` Stiles '' Stilinski in the MTV series Teen Wolf , and transitioned to film in projects such as The First Time , The Internship and Deepwater Horizon , and as the lead in the dystopian science-fiction adventure series The Maze Runner , consisting of The Maze Runner and its sequel , Maze Runner : The Scorch Trials . He is set to reprise his role in the final installment , Maze Runner : The Death Cure , which , after some re-scheduling due to a serious on-set accident concerning O'Brien , is scheduled for a February 9 , 2018 release .


query: Snowden is a recorded work.

document: Snowden is a 2016 American-German biographical political thriller film directed by Oliver Stone and written by Stone and Kieran Fitzgerald , based on the books The Snowden Files by Luke Harding and Time of the Octopus by Anatoly Kucherena . The cast includes Joseph Gordon-Levitt as the title character , Edward Snowden , with Shailene Woodley , Melissa Leo , Zachary Quinto , Tom Wilkinson , Scott Eastwood , Logan Marshall-Green , Timothy Olyphant , Ben Schnetzer , LaKeith Lee Stanfield , Rhys Ifans and Nicolas Cage also starring . Filming began on February 16 , 2015 in Munich , Germany .   Snowden screened at Comic-Con on July 21 , 2016 , before premiering at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival on September 9 , 2016 . The film was theatrically released in the United States on September 16 , 2016 , by Open Road Films and on September 22 in Germany . It received mixed reviews and was a box office disappointment , grossing $ 37.3 million worldwide against its $ 40 million budget .


query: Tim Rice worked with a musician.

document: Sir Timothy Miles Bindon `` Tim '' Rice -LRB- born 10 November 1944 -RRB- is an English author and Academy Award , Golden Globe Award , Tony Award , and Grammy Award-winning lyricist . He is best known for his collaborations with Andrew Lloyd Webber , with whom he wrote Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat , Jesus Christ Superstar , and Evita ; with Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson of ABBA , with whom he wrote Chess ; for additional songs for the 2011 West End revival of The Wizard of Oz ; and for his work for Walt Disney Studios with Alan Menken -LRB- Aladdin , Beauty and the Beast , King David -RRB- , Elton John -LRB- The Lion King , Aida , The Road to El Dorado -RRB- and Ennio Morricone .   One of the most celebrated lyricists in British popular culture , Rice was knighted by Elizabeth II for services to music in 1994 . He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , is an inductee into the Songwriter 's Hall of Fame , is a Disney Legend recipient , and is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters , Composers and Authors . The 2016 Sunday Times Rich List values Rice at # 150m ; the 15th richest music millionaire in the UK .


query: The Resident Evil film series has a protagonist.

document: Resident Evil is a science fiction action-horror hexalogy film series loosely based on the Japanese video game franchise of the same name by Capcom . German studio Constantin Film bought the rights to the first film in January 1997 with Alan B. McElroy and George A. Romero as potential writers . In 2001 , Sony Entertainment acquired distribution rights and hired Paul W. S. Anderson as writer and director for Resident Evil -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . Anderson continued on as writer and producer for the sequels , Resident Evil : Apocalypse -LRB- 2004 -RRB- and Resident Evil : Extinction -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , and returned as the director for Resident Evil : Afterlife -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Resident Evil : Retribution -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and Resident Evil : The Final Chapter -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .   The fictional Umbrella Corporation , which acts as the main antagonist in the series , is a bioengineering pharmaceutical company that creates bioweapons . Umbrella was responsible for the zombie apocalypse , which occurred after the corporation 's T-virus infected the Earth 's population . The films follow protagonist Alice , an original character created for the films portrayed by Milla Jovovich . Alice , who was once a security operative working for Umbrella , becomes an enemy of the corporation . Characters from the video game series also appeared in the film series , including Jill Valentine , Carlos Olivera , Claire Redfield , Albert Wesker , Chris Redfield , Barry Burton , Leon S. Kennedy and Ada Wong .   Despite consistent negative reviews , with six films released , the Resident Evil film series is the highest-grossing film series to be based on video games of all time , having grossed over $ 1.233 billion worldwide .


query: Vitamin B12 is not produced by mushrooms.

document: Vitamin B12 , also called cobalamin , is a water-soluble vitamin that has a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system , and the formation of red blood cells . It is one of eight B vitamins . It is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body , especially affecting DNA synthesis , fatty acid and amino acid metabolism . No fungi , plants , or animals -LRB- including humans -RRB- are capable of producing vitamin B12 . Only bacteria and archaea have the enzymes needed for its synthesis . Some substantial sources of B12 include animal products -LRB- shellfish , meat -RRB- , fortified food products , and dietary supplements . B12 is the largest and most structurally complicated vitamin and can be produced industrially only through bacterial fermentation synthesis , typically used to manufacture B12 for fortified foods and supplements .   Vitamin B12 consists of a class of chemically related compounds -LRB- vitamers -RRB- , all of which show pharmacological activity . It contains the biochemically rare element cobalt -LRB- chemical symbol Co -RRB- positioned in the center of a planar tetra-pyrrole ring called a corrin ring . The vitamer is produced by bacteria as hydroxocobalamin , but conversion between different forms of the vitamin occurs in the body after consumption .   Vitamin B12 was discovered as a result of its relationship to the disease pernicious anemia , an autoimmune disease in which parietal cells of the stomach responsible for secreting intrinsic factor are destroyed ; these cells are also responsible for secreting acid in the stomach . Because intrinsic factor is crucial for the normal absorption of B12 , its lack in the presence of pernicious anemia causes a vitamin B12 deficiency . Many other subtler kinds of vitamin B12 deficiency and their biochemical effects have since been elucidated . Due to impairment of vitamin B12 absorption during aging , people over age 60 are at risk of deficiency .


query: There is an intro in Bohemian Rhapsody.

document: `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' is a song by the British rock band Queen . It was written by Freddie Mercury for the band 's 1975 album A Night at the Opera . It is a six-minute suite , consisting of several sections without a chorus : an intro , a ballad segment , an operatic passage , a hard rock part and a reflective coda . The song is a more accessible take on the 1970s progressive rock genre . It was reportedly the most expensive single ever made at the time of its release , though the exact cost of production can not be determined .   When it was released as a single , `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' became a commercial success , staying at the top of the UK Singles Chart for nine weeks and selling more than a million copies by the end of January 1976 . It reached number one again in 1991 for another five weeks when the same version was re-released , eventually becoming the UK 's third-best-selling single of all time . It is also the only song to be Christmas number one twice by the same artist . It topped the charts in several other markets as well , including Canada , Australia , New Zealand , Ireland and The Netherlands , later becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time . In the United States the song originally peaked at number nine in 1976 . It returned to the chart at number two in 1992 following Freddie Mercury 's death in 1991 , as well as its appearance in the film Wayne 's World , which revived its American popularity .   Although critical reaction was initially mixed , `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' remains one of Queen 's most popular songs and is frequently placed on modern lists of the greatest songs of all time . The single was accompanied by a promotional video , which many scholars consider ground-breaking . Rolling Stone magazine states : `` Its influence can not be overstated , practically inventing the music video seven years before MTV went on the air . '' In 2004 , `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame . In 2012 , the song topped the list on an ITV nationwide poll in the UK to find `` The Nation 's Favourite Number One '' over 60 years of music .


query: Ativan is included on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

document: Lorazepam , sold under the brand name Ativan among others , is a benzodiazepine medication . It is used to treat anxiety disorders , trouble sleeping , active seizures including status epilepticus , alcohol withdrawal , and chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting , as well as for surgery to interfere with memory formation and to sedate those who are being mechanically ventilated . While it can be used for severe agitation , midazolam is usually preferred . It is also used , along with other treatments , for acute coronary syndrome due to cocaine use . It can be given by mouth or as an injection into a muscle or vein . When given by injection onset of effects is between one and thirty minutes and effects last for up to a day .   Common side effects include weakness , sleepiness , low blood pressure , and a decreased effort to breathe . When given intravenously the person should be closely monitored . Among those who are depressed there may be an increased risk of suicide . With long-term use larger doses may be required for the same effect . Physical dependence and psychological dependence may also occur . If stopped suddenly after long-term use , benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome may occur . Older people more often develop adverse effects . In this age group lorazepam is associated with falls and hip fractures . Due to these concerns , lorazepam use is generally only recommended for up to two to four weeks .   Lorazepam was initially patented in 1963 and went on sale in the United States in 1977 . It is on the World Health Organization 's List of Essential Medicines , the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system . It is available as a generic medication . The wholesale cost in the developing world of a typical dose by mouth is between US$ 0.02 and US$ 0.16 as of 2014 . In the United States as of 2015 a typical month supply is less than US$ 25 . In the United States in 2011 , 28 million prescriptions for lorazepam were filled making it the second most prescribed benzodiazepine after alprazolam .


query: George Foreman was ranked the eighth greatest heavyweight of all time.

document: George Edward Foreman -LRB- born January 10 , 1949 -RRB- is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1969 to 1977 , and from 1987 to 1997 . Nicknamed `` Big George '' , he is a two-time world heavyweight champion and an Olympic gold medalist . Outside the sport he went on to become an ordained minister , author and entrepreneur .   After a troubled childhood , Foreman took up amateur boxing and won a gold medal in the heavyweight division at the 1968 Summer Olympics . Having turned professional the next year , he won the world heavyweight title with a second-round knockout of then-undefeated Joe Frazier in 1973 . Two successful title defenses were made before Foreman 's first professional loss to Muhammad Ali in `` The Rumble in the Jungle '' in 1974 . Unable to secure another title opportunity , Foreman retired after a loss to Jimmy Young in 1977 . Following what he referred to as a religious epiphany , Foreman became an ordained Christian minister . Ten years later , he announced a comeback and , in 1994 , at age 45 , he regained a portion of the heavyweight championship by knocking out 27-year-old Michael Moorer to win the unified WBA , IBF , and lineal titles . Foreman remains the oldest heavyweight champion in history , and the second oldest in any weight class after Bernard Hopkins -LRB- at light heavyweight -RRB- . He retired in 1997 at the age of 48 , with a final record of 76 wins 5 losses and 68 knockouts .   Foreman has been inducted into the World Boxing Hall of Fame and the International Boxing Hall of Fame . The International Boxing Research Organization -LRB- IBRO -RRB- rates Foreman as the eighth greatest heavyweight of all time . In 2002 , he was named one of the 25 greatest fighters of the past 80 years by The Ring magazine . The Ring ranked him as the ninth greatest puncher of all time . He was a ringside analyst for HBO 's boxing coverage for twelve years , leaving in 2004 . Outside of boxing , he is a successful entrepreneur and is known for his promotion of the George Foreman Grill , which has sold over 100 million units worldwide . In 1999 he sold the naming rights to the grill for $ 138 million .


query: Solange Knowles has costarred in Bring It On: All or Nothing with Heroes star Hayden Panettiere.

document: Hayden Leslie Panettiere -LRB- born August 21 , 1989 -RRB- is an American actress , model , singer , and activist . She is known for her roles as cheerleader Claire Bennet on the NBC sci-fi series Heroes -LRB- 2006 -- 10 -RRB- , Juliette Barnes in the ABC/CMT musical-drama series Nashville -LRB- 2012 -- present -RRB- and Kairi in the video game series Kingdom Hearts .   A native of New York City , she first appeared in a commercial at the age of 11 months . She began her acting career by playing Sarah Roberts on One Life to Live -LRB- 1994 -- 97 -RRB- , and Lizzie Spaulding on Guiding Light -LRB- 1996 -- 2000 -RRB- , before starring at age 10 as Sheryl Yoast in the Disney feature film Remember the Titans . Other notable roles include her portrayal of the title character in the true crime drama Amanda Knox : Murder on Trial in Italy and Kirby Reed in the slasher film Scream 4 . She received two nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress -- Series , Miniseries or Television Film , for her work on Nashville in 2012 and 2013 .


query: Texas shares a border with Mexico.

document: Texas -LRB- -LSB- ˈtɛksəs -RSB- , -LSB- localˈtɛksᵻz -RSB- Texas or Tejas -LSB- ˈtexas -RSB- -RRB- is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population . Geographically located in the South Central region of the country , Texas shares borders with the U.S. states of Louisiana to the east , Arkansas to the northeast , Oklahoma to the north , New Mexico to the west , and the Mexican states of Chihuahua , Coahuila , Nuevo León , and Tamaulipas to the southwest , while the Gulf of Mexico is to the southeast .   Houston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth largest in the U.S. , while San Antonio is the second most populous in the state and seventh largest in the U.S. Dallas -- Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest metropolitan statistical areas in the country , respectively . Other major cities include Austin , the second most populous state capital in the U.S. , and El Paso . Texas is nicknamed `` The Lone Star State '' to signify its former status as an independent republic , and as a reminder of the state 's struggle for independence from Mexico . The `` Lone Star '' can be found on the Texan state flag and on the Texan state seal . The origin of Texas 's name is from the word `` Tejas , '' which means `` friends '' in the Caddo language .   Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault , Texas contains diverse landscapes that resemble both the U.S. Southern and Southwestern regions . Although Texas is popularly associated with the U.S. southwestern deserts , less than 10 % of Texas ' land area is desert . Most of the population centers are located in areas of former prairies , grasslands , forests , and the coastline . Traveling from east to west , one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods , to rolling plains and rugged hills , and finally the desert and mountains of the Big Bend .   The term `` six flags over Texas `` For example , as used by the large Grand Prairie -- based national and international amusement park operator Six Flags refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory . Spain was the first European country to claim the area of Texas . France held a short-lived colony . Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence , becoming an independent Republic . In 1845 , Texas joined the union as the 28th state . The state 's annexation set off a chain of events that led to the Mexican -- American War in 1846 . A slave state before the American Civil War , Texas declared its secession from the U.S. in early 1861 , and officially joined the Confederate States of America on March 2 of the same year . After the Civil War and the restoration of its representation in the federal government , Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation .   One Texan industry that thrived after the Civil War was cattle . Due to its long history as a center of the industry , Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy . The state 's economic fortunes changed in the early 20th century , when oil discoveries initiated an economic boom in the state . With strong investments in universities , Texas developed a diversified economy and high tech industry in the mid-20th century . As of 2015 , it is second on the list of the most Fortune 500 companies with 54 . With a growing base of industry , the state leads in many industries , including agriculture , petrochemicals , energy , computers and electronics , aerospace , and biomedical sciences . Texas has led the nation in export revenue since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product .


query: James Garner received a film-related nomination.

document: James Garner -LRB- born James Scott Bumgarner ; April 7 , 1928 -- July 19 , 2014 -RRB- was an American actor , producer , and voice artist . He starred in several television series over more than five decades , including such popular roles as Bret Maverick in the 1950s western comedy series Maverick and Jim Rockford in The Rockford Files , and played leading roles in more than 50 theatrical films , including The Great Escape -LRB- 1963 -RRB- with Steve McQueen , Paddy Chayefsky 's The Americanization of Emily -LRB- 1964 -RRB- , Grand Prix -LRB- 1966 -RRB- , Blake Edwards ' Victor/Victoria -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , Murphy 's Romance -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , for which he received an Academy Award nomination , Space Cowboys -LRB- 2000 -RRB- with Clint Eastwood , and The Notebook -LRB- 2004 -RRB- .


query: Arnold Schwarzenegger served two terms as governor.

document: Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger -LRB- -LSB- ˈʃwɔːrtsənˌɛɡər -RSB- -LSB- ˈaɐ̯nɔlt ˈalɔʏs ˈʃvaɐ̯tsn̩ˌɛɡɐ -RSB- ; born July 30 , 1947 -RRB- is an Austrian-American actor , producer , businessman , investor , author , philanthropist , activist , politician and former professional bodybuilder . He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 to 2011 .   Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15 . He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times . Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent presence in bodybuilding and has written many books and articles on the sport . He is widely considered to be among the greatest bodybuilders of all time as well as bodybuilding 's biggest icon . Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action film icon . His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982 , a box office hit that resulted in a sequel .   In 1984 , Schwarzenegger appeared in James Cameron 's science-fiction thriller film The Terminator , a critical and commercial success . Schwarzenegger subsequently reprised the Terminator character in the franchise 's later installments : Terminator 2 : Judgment Day -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , Terminator 3 : Rise of the Machines -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , and Terminator Genisys -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . He has appeared in a number of successful films , such as Commando -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , The Running Man -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Predator -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Twins -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , Total Recall -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , Kindergarten Cop -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , and True Lies -LRB- 1994 -RRB- . In 2015 , it was announced that Schwarzenegger would replace Donald Trump as the host of The Celebrity Apprentice , though he left after one season due to conflicts caused by Trump 's remarks . Schwarzenegger was nicknamed `` the Austrian Oak '' in his bodybuilding days , `` Arnie '' during his acting career , and `` The Governator '' -LRB- a portmanteau of `` Governor '' and `` The Terminator '' -RRB- during his political career .   As a Republican , Schwarzenegger was first elected on October 7 , 2003 , in a special recall election to replace then-Governor Gray Davis . He was sworn in on November 17 , to serve the remainder of Davis ' term . He was then re-elected on November 7 , 2006 , in the 2006 California gubernatorial election , to serve a full term as governor , defeating Democrat Phil Angelides , who was California State Treasurer at the time . Schwarzenegger was sworn in for his second term on January 5 , 2007 . In 2011 , he completed his second term as governor and returned to acting .


query: In Dubious Battle featured Josh Hutcherson.

document: In Dubious Battle is a 2016 drama film directed by and produced by James Franco , based on John Steinbeck 's novel of the same name , with a screenplay by Matt Rager . The film features an ensemble cast , consisting of Franco , Nat Wolff , Josh Hutcherson , Selena Gomez , Vincent D'Onofrio , Analeigh Tipton , Zach Braff , Bryan Cranston , Ed Harris , and Robert Duvall . The film gets caught up in the labor movement for fruit workers in California during the 1930s . The film had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival on September 3 , 2016 .


query: Mark Zuckerberg co-founded the social media platform Facebook.

document: Mark Elliot Zuckerberg -LRB- born May 14 , 1984 -RRB- is an American computer programmer and Internet entrepreneur . He is a co-founder of Facebook , and currently operates as its chairman and chief executive officer . His net worth is estimated to be US$ 63.3 billion as of May 2017 , and he is ranked by Forbes as the fifth richest person in the world .   Zuckerberg launched Facebook from his Harvard University dormitory room on February 4 , 2004 . He was assisted by his college roommates and fellow Harvard students Eduardo Saverin , Andrew McCollum , Dustin Moskovitz , and Chris Hughes . The group then introduced Facebook to other college campuses . Facebook expanded rapidly , reaching one billion users by 2012 . Meanwhile , Zuckerberg was involved in various legal disputes brought by others in the group , who claimed a share of the company based upon their involvement during the development phase of Facebook .   In December 2012 , Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan announced that over the course of their lives they would give the majority of their wealth to `` advancing human potential and promoting equality '' in the spirit of The Giving Pledge . On December 1 , 2015 , they announced they would eventually give 99 percent of their Facebook shares -LRB- worth about US$ 45 billion at the time -RRB- to the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative .   Since 2010 , Time magazine has named Zuckerberg among the 100 wealthiest and most influential people in the world as a part of its Person of the Year award . In December 2016 , Zuckerberg was ranked 10th on Forbes list of The World 's Most Powerful People . According to Forbes Magazine , Zuckerberg has a net worth of US$ 63.3 billion as of May 2017 .


query: Emma Stone began acting as a child in a theater production of The Wind in the Willows.

document: Emily Jean `` Emma '' Stone -LRB- born November 6 , 1988 -RRB- is an American actress . One of the world 's highest-paid actresses in 2015 , Stone has received numerous accolades , including an Academy Award , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards . She appeared in Forbes Celebrity 100 in 2013 and the Time 100 in 2017 , and is often described by the media as one of the most talented actresses of her generation .   Born and raised in Scottsdale , Arizona , Stone began acting as a child , in a theater production of The Wind in the Willows in 2000 . As a teenager , she relocated to Los Angeles with her mother , and made her television debut in VH1 's In Search of the New Partridge Family -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , a reality show that produced only an unsold pilot . After small television roles , she won a Young Hollywood Award for her film debut in Superbad -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , and received positive media attention for her role in Zombieland -LRB- 2009 -RRB- .   The 2010 teen comedy Easy A was Stone 's first starring role and earned her nominations for the BAFTA Rising Star Award and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress . This breakthrough was followed by a supporting role in the commercially successful romantic comedy Crazy , Stupid , Love -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , and then a co-starring role in the critically acclaimed drama The Help -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . Stone gained wider recognition for playing Gwen Stacy in the 2012 superhero film The Amazing Spider-Man , and its sequel in 2014 . She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the role of a recovering drug addict in the black comedy-drama Birdman -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Her Broadway debut came in a revival of the musical Cabaret -LRB- 2014 -- 2015 -RRB- . Stone won an Academy Award , a BAFTA Award , and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for playing an aspiring actress in the highly successful musical film La La Land -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .


query: Warren Buffett graduated from a school.

document: Warren Edward Buffett -LRB- -LSB- ˈbʌfᵻt -RSB- born August 30 , 1930 -RRB- is an American business magnate , investor , and philanthropist . He is considered by some to be one of the most successful investors in the world , and as of March 2017 is the second wealthiest person in the United States , and the fourth wealthiest in the world , with a total net worth of $ 73.3 billion .   Born in Omaha , Buffett developed an interest in business and investing in his youth , eventually entering the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1947 before transferring and graduating from University of Nebraska -- Lincoln . After graduating at 19 , Buffett enrolled at Columbia Business School of Columbia University , learning and eventually creating his investment philosophy around a concept pioneered by Benjamin Graham -- value investing . He attended New York Institute of Finance to specialize his economics background and soon after began various business partnerships , including one with Graham . After meeting Charlie Munger , Buffett created the Buffett Partnership . His firm would eventually acquire a textile manufacturing firm called Berkshire Hathaway and assume its name to create a diversified holding company .   Buffett has been the chairman and largest shareholder of Berkshire Hathaway since 1970 , and his business exploits have had him referred to as the `` Wizard '' , `` Oracle '' or `` Sage '' of Omaha by global media outlets . He is noted for his adherence to value investing and for his personal frugality despite his immense wealth .   Buffett is a notable philanthropist , having pledged to give away 99 percent of his fortune to philanthropic causes , primarily via the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation . In 2009 , with Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg , Warren founded The Giving Pledge , whereby billionaires pledge to give away at least half of their fortunes .   He is also active in contributing to political causes , having endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U.S. presidential election ; he has publicly opposed the policies , actions , and statements of the current U.S. president , Donald Trump .


query: The Battle of Corinth was a battle.

document: The Battle of Corinth was a battle fought between the Roman Republic and the Greek city-state of Corinth and its allies in the Achaean League in 146 BC , which resulted in the complete and total destruction of Corinth . This battle marked the beginning of the period of Roman domination in Greek history .


query: John Fante is a writer.

document: The Reluctant Saint is a 1962 film which tells a somewhat fictionalized version of the story of Joseph of Cupertino , a 17th-century Italian Conventual Franciscan friar and mystic who is honored as a saint by the Catholic Church . It stars Maximilian Schell as Joseph , as well as Ricardo Montalban , Lea Padovani , Akim Tamiroff , and Harold Goldblatt . The movie was written by John Fante and Joseph Petracca and directed by Edward Dmytryk .   Joseph of Cupertino was said to have been remarkably unclever , but was recorded by many witness during his life as prone to miraculous levitation and intense ecstasies . This movie follows Joseph -LRB- Maximilian Schell -RRB- from his final days living at home with his mother -LRB- Lea Padovani -RRB- . Because of his slow wits , she has kept him in school despite his being a grown man , older than the other students . He is seen bearing patiently and good-heartedly the ridicule of his fellow villagers , and enduring failed attempts at work as a laborer . At the insistence of his mother -LRB- who saw no viable alternatives -RRB- , we see him joining a Franciscan friary through the influence of his uncle -LRB- Harold Goldblatt -RRB- , an authority in the religious order . But trouble follows Joseph wherever he goes , including the friary , because of his slow wits . Eventually his good heart is noticed by a visiting bishop , -LRB- Akim Tamiroff -RRB- , who orders that he be trained to be a priest .   Despite Joseph 's incapacity for the necessary scholarly studies , and preference for just managing the sheep and other animals in the friary 's stable , Joseph does become a priest . Although he learns little from the tutoring by the friars , Joseph passes the necessary examinations for the priesthood through a series of unlikely or possibly miraculous events . Soon after , when Joseph is seen levitating at the time of his ecstatic prayers to the Virgin Mary , one of the superiors in the community , -LRB- Ricardo Montalban -RRB- , claims that Joseph suffers from demonic possession . Joseph is therefore exorcised , but his levitations continue , persuading everyone -- including his former critic -- of the divine origins of his levitations .   Most of the key events in the movie are based on historical events or reports about the life of St. Joseph of Cupertino .


query: K-pop Star 2 featured Yang Hyun-suk as a judge.

document: The second season of the South Korean reality television competition show K-pop Star premiered on SBS on November 18 , 2012 , airing Sunday evenings at 4:55 pm KST as part of the Good Sunday lineup . Yoon Do-hyun returned as host and narrator , and Boom returned as live host . Yang Hyun-suk , Park Jin-young , and BoA returned as judges . The season ended on April 6 , 2013 , with Akdong Musician crowned as winner and chose to sign with YG Entertainment .   Contestants from the Top 10 of Season 2 returned for a special Dream Stage - Best of the Best episode on April 14 , 2013 , competing with contestants of Season 1 for the title of Overall Champion .


query: The Amazing Spider-Man 2 was produced by Avi Arad.

document: The Amazing Spider-Man 2 -LRB- also released as The Amazing Spider-Man 2 : Rise of Electro in some markets -RRB- is a 2014 American superhero film featuring the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man . The film was directed by Marc Webb and was produced by Avi Arad and Matt Tolmach . It is the fifth theatrical Spider-Man film produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Entertainment , and is the sequel to The Amazing Spider-Man -LRB- 2012 -RRB- ; it is also the final film in the Amazing Spider-Man franchise . The studio hired James Vanderbilt to write the screenplay and Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci to rewrite it . The film stars Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker / Spider-Man , Emma Stone as Gwen Stacy , Dane DeHaan as Green Goblin / Harry Osborn , Campbell Scott and Embeth Davidtz as Peter 's parents , and Sally Field as Aunt May , with the addition of a new cast including Paul Giamatti as Rhino / Aleksei Sytsevich and Jamie Foxx as Electro / Max Dillon .   Development of The Amazing Spider-Man 2 began after the success of The Amazing Spider-Man . DeHaan , Giamatti , Jones , and Cooper were cast between December 2012 and February 2013 . Filming took place in New York City from February to June 2013 . The film was released in 2D , 3D , and IMAX 3D on May 2 , 2014 , in the United States with two international premieres being held between March 31 & April 10 , 2014 . The film received mixed reviews , and although it grossed $ 709 million worldwide and became the ninth-highest-grossing film of 2014 , it was the lowest-grossing film in the series . However , the film was declared a `` hit '' in the overseas markets with high openings and a wide cinematic release . The film subsequently won awards for its music composition and acting , notably one Nickelodeon Kids ' Choice Award and two ASCAP Awards .   The Amazing Spider-Man 2 was originally envisioned as the beginning of a shared fictional universe , which would have continued with two sequels and several spin-off films . Due to its performing below expectations , all subsequent installments were cancelled and a new iteration of the character , portrayed by Tom Holland , appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , beginning with the 2016 film Captain America : Civil War .


query: Hope & Faith is a show Megan Fox performed on.

document: Megan Denise Fox -LRB- born May 16 , 1986 -RRB- is an American actress and model . She began her acting career in 2001 , with several minor television and film roles , and played a regular role on the Hope & Faith television sitcom . In 2004 , she made her film debut with a role in the teen comedy Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen . In 2007 , she co-starred as Mikaela Banes , the love interest of Shia LaBeouf 's character , in the blockbuster action film Transformers , which became her breakout role . Fox reprised her role in the 2009 sequel , Transformers : Revenge of the Fallen . Later in 2009 , she starred as the eponymous lead in the black comedy horror film Jennifer 's Body .   Fox is also considered one of the modern female sex symbols and has appeared in magazines such as Maxim , Rolling Stone and FHM .


query: Manchester City F.C. is one of the wealthiest clubs in the world since their resurgence in 2008.

document: Manchester City Football Club is a football club in Manchester , England . Founded in 1880 as St. Mark 's -LRB- West Gorton -RRB- , they became Ardwick Association Football Club in 1887 and Manchester City in 1894 . The club moved to the City of Manchester Stadium in 2003 , having played at Maine Road since 1923 .   The club 's most successful period was in the late 1960s and early 1970s when they won the League Championship , FA Cup , League Cup and European Cup Winners ' Cup under the management team of Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison . After losing the 1981 FA Cup Final , the club went through a period of decline , culminating in relegation to the third tier of English football for the only time in their history in 1998 . Having regained their Premier League status in the early 2000s , the club was purchased in 2008 by Abu Dhabi United Group and has become one of the wealthiest in the world . Since 2011 the club have won five major honours , including the Premier League in 2012 and 2014 .   By 2015 -- 16 , Manchester City had the fifth-highest revenue in the footballing world with an annual revenue of $ 463.5 million . In 2016 , Forbes magazine estimated they were the world 's sixth most valuable football club , worth $ 1.92 billion .


query: Michael Phelps holds the long course world record in 2 butterfly lengths and an individual medley.

document: Michael Fred Phelps II -LRB- born June 30 , 1985 -RRB- is an American former competitive swimmer and the most decorated Olympian of all time , with a total of 28 medals . Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals -LRB- 23 -RRB- , Olympic gold medals in individual events -LRB- 13 -RRB- , and Olympic medals in individual events -LRB- 16 -RRB- . In winning eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games , Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz 's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games . At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , Phelps won four gold and two silver medals , and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , he won five gold medals and one silver . This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics in a row .   Phelps is the long course world record holder in the 100 meter butterfly , 200 meter butterfly , and 400 meter individual medley as well as the former long course world record holder in the 200 meter freestyle and 200 meter individual medley . He has won 83 medals in major international long course competition , of which 66 were gold , 14 silver , and 3 bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Phelps 's international titles and record-breaking performances have earned him the World Swimmer of the Year Award eight times and American Swimmer of the Year Award eleven times , as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2012 and 2016 . His unprecedented Olympic success in 2008 earned Phelps Sports Illustrated magazine 's Sportsman of the Year award .   After the 2008 Summer Olympics , Phelps started the Michael Phelps Foundation , which focuses on growing the sport of swimming and promoting healthier lifestyles . Phelps retired following the 2012 Olympics , but in April 2014 he made a comeback . At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , his fifth Olympics , he won five golds and one silver . Phelps was chosen to be a captain of the 2016 US Olympic team , and was also voted by his team to be the flag bearer of the United States at the 2016 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations .


query: Tom Hardy appeared in a movie.

document: Edward Thomas Hardy  -LRB- born 15 September 1977 -RRB- is an English actor and producer . His motion picture debut was in Ridley Scott 's 2001 action film Black Hawk Down . Hardy 's other notable films include the science fiction film Star Trek : Nemesis -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , the crime film RocknRolla -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , biographical psychological drama Bronson -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , sports drama Warrior -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Cold War espionage film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , crime drama Lawless -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , drama Locke -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , mobster film The Drop -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and the biographical western thriller The Revenant -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . He portrayed `` Mad '' Max Rockatansky in the post-apocalyptic film Mad Max : Fury Road -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , and both of the Kray twins in the crime thriller Legend -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . He has appeared in three Christopher Nolan films : the science fiction thriller Inception -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , portrayed Bane in the superhero film The Dark Knight Rises -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and the action-thriller Dunkirk -LRB- 2017 -RRB- based on the British evacuation in World War II .   Hardy 's television roles include the HBO war drama miniseries Band of Brothers -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , the BBC historical drama miniseries The Virgin Queen -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , ITV 's Wuthering Heights -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , the Sky 1 drama series The Take -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , and the BBC historical crime drama television series Peaky Blinders -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . He created , co-produced and took the lead in the eight-part historical fiction series Taboo -LRB- 2017 -RRB- on BBC One and FX .   Hardy has performed on both British and American stages . He was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Most Promising Newcomer for his role as Skank in the 2003 production of In Arabia We 'd All Be Kings , and was awarded the 2003 London Evening Standard Theatre Award for Outstanding Newcomer for his performances in both In Arabia We 'd All be Kings and for his role as Luca in Blood . He starred in the 2007 production of The Man of Mode and received positive reviews for his role in the 2010 Philip Seymour Hoffman-directed play The Long Red Road .


query: Joe Biden served as chairman of a standing committee.

document: Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. -LRB- -LSB- ˈdʒoʊsᵻf_rɒbᵻˈnɛt_ˈbaɪdən -RSB- born November 20 , 1942 -RRB- is an American politician who was the 47th Vice President of the United States from 2009 to 2017 , having been jointly elected twice with President Barack Obama . A member of the Democratic Party , he represented Delaware as a United States Senator from 1973 until becoming Vice President in 2009 .   Biden was born in Scranton , Pennsylvania , in 1942 , and lived there for ten years before moving to Delaware . He became an attorney in 1969 , and was elected to the New Castle County council in 1970 . He was first elected to the Senate in 1972 , and became the sixth-youngest senator in U.S. history . He was re-elected to the Senate six times , and was the fourth most senior senator at the time of his resignation to assume the Vice Presidency in 2009 . He was a long-time member and former chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee . He opposed the Gulf War in 1991 , but advocated U.S. and NATO intervention in the Bosnian War in 1994 and 1995 . He voted in favor of the resolution authorizing the Iraq War in 2002 , but opposed the surge of U.S. troops in 2007 . He has also served as chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee , dealing with issues related to drug policy , crime prevention , and civil liberties , and led the legislative efforts for creation of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act , and the Violence Against Women Act . He chaired the Judiciary Committee during the contentious U.S. Supreme Court nominations of Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas .   Biden unsuccessfully sought the Democratic presidential nomination in 1988 and in 2008 , both times dropping out after lackluster showings . In the 2008 U.S. presidential election , Barack Obama chose Biden to be his running mate in the race , which they won . He became the first Roman Catholic , and the first Delawarean , to be Vice President of the United States .   As Vice President in the Obama administration , Biden oversaw the infrastructure spending aimed at counteracting the Great Recession , and U.S. policy toward Iraq up until the withdrawal of U.S. troops in 2011 . His ability to negotiate with congressional Republicans helped bring about legislation such as the Tax Relief , Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization , and Job Creation Act of 2010 that resolved a taxation deadlock , the Budget Control Act of 2011 that resolved that year 's debt ceiling crisis , and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 that addressed the impending `` fiscal cliff '' . In 2011 , he opposed going ahead with the military mission that resulted in the death of Osama bin Laden . Obama and Biden were re-elected in 2012 . In October 2015 , after months of speculation , Biden chose not to run for President of the United States in 2016 . In December 2016 , he refused to rule out a potential bid for President in 2020 , but announced on January 13 , 2017 , that he would not run , only to seemingly backtrack just four days later , again refusing to rule out a potential bid . On January 12 , 2017 , Obama awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom , with distinction . After leaving office , Biden was named the Benjamin Franklin Presidential Practice professor at the University of Pennsylvania .


query: Bela Lugosi played Count Dracula on Broadway.

document: Béla Ferenc Dezső Blaskó -LRB- -LSB- ˈbeːlɒ ˈfɛrɛnt͡s ˈdɛʒøː ˈblɒʃkoː -RSB- ; 20 October 1882 -- 16 August 1956 -RRB- , better known as Bela Lugosi -LRB- -LSB- ləˈgoʊsi -RSB- -LSB- ˈlugoʃi -RSB- -RRB- , was a Hungarian-American actor , famous for portraying Count Dracula in the 1931 film and for his roles in various other horror films .   He had been playing small parts on the stage in his native Hungary before making his first film in 1917 , but had to leave the country after the failed Hungarian Communist Revolution of 1919 . He had roles in several films in Weimar Germany before arriving in the United States as a seaman on a merchant ship .   In 1927 , he appeared as Count Dracula in a Broadway adaptation of Bram Stoker 's novel . He later appeared in the classic 1931 film Dracula by Universal Pictures . Through the 1930s , he occupied an important niche in popular horror films , with their East European setting , but his Hungarian accent limited his repertoire , and he tried unsuccessfully to avoid typecasting .   Meanwhile , he was often paired with Boris Karloff , who was able to demand top billing . To his frustration , Lugosi was increasingly restricted to minor parts , kept employed by the studio principally for the sake of his name on the posters . Among his pairings with Karloff , only in The Black Cat -LRB- 1934 -RRB- , The Raven -LRB- 1935 -RRB- , and Son of Frankenstein -LRB- 1939 -RRB- did he perform major roles again , and , even in The Raven , Karloff received top billing despite Lugosi performing the lead role . By this time , Lugosi had been receiving regular medication for sciatic neuritis , and he became addicted to morphine and methadone . This drug dependence was noted by producers , and the offers eventually dwindled down to a few parts in Ed Wood 's low-budget movies , most notably Plan 9 from Outer Space .


query: Kung Fu Panda 3 had the involvement from an American actress.

document: Kung Fu Panda 3 is a 2016 Chinese-American 3D computer-animated action-comedy martial arts film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It is the third installment in the Kung Fu Panda franchise , and the sequel to Kung Fu Panda 2 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . In the film , Po enters the panda village and reunites with his birth father and other pandas , but problems arise when a villainous spirit warrior , named Kai , returns to the mortal realm and steals chi from the kung fu masters . To prevent Kai from taking chi from all kung fu masters and pandas , Po forms the army of pandas to battle Kai 's jade minions and Po must become a master of chi to defeat him and save his friends .   The film was directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson and Alessandro Carloni , written by Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger , produced by Melissa Cobb , and executive produced by Guillermo del Toro . Jack Black , Dustin Hoffman , Angelina Jolie , Lucy Liu , Seth Rogen , David Cross , Jackie Chan and James Hong reprise their roles from the previous films with Randall Duk Kim reprising his role of Oogway from the first Kung Fu Panda film -LRB- 2008 -RRB- . They are joined by Bryan Cranston , J. K. Simmons and Kate Hudson in the roles of Li Shan , Kai , and Mei Mei , respectively .   Kung Fu Panda 3 received a limited release in China on January 23 for a special three-hour sneak preview and was released starting from January 28 in South Korea and Russia . It was released in theatres across the United States and Canada on January 29 in 3D , and on March 11 in the United Kingdom . The film grossed $ 521 million worldwide .


query: Noam Chomsky was a professor.

document: Avram Noam Chomsky -LRB- -LSB- æ ` vrɑːm _ ` noʊm_ˈtʃɒmski -RSB- ; born December 7 , 1928 -RRB- is an American linguist , philosopher , cognitive scientist , historian , social critic , and political activist . Sometimes described as `` the father of modern linguistics '' , Chomsky is also a major figure in analytic philosophy and one of the founders of the field of cognitive science . He is Institute Professor Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology -LRB- MIT -RRB- , where he has worked since 1955 , and is the author of over 100 books on topics such as linguistics , war , politics , and mass media . Ideologically , he aligns with anarcho-syndicalism and libertarian socialism .   Born to middle-class Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants in Philadelphia , Chomsky developed an early interest in anarchism from alternative bookstores in New York City . At the age of sixteen he began studies at the University of Pennsylvania , taking courses in linguistics , mathematics , and philosophy . From 1951 to 1955 he was appointed to Harvard University 's Society of Fellows , where he developed the theory of transformational grammar for which he was awarded his doctorate in 1955 . That year he began teaching at MIT , in 1957 emerging as a significant figure in the field of linguistics for his landmark work Syntactic Structures , which remodeled the scientific study of language , while from 1958 to 1959 he was a National Science Foundation fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study . He is credited as the creator or co-creator of the universal grammar theory , the generative grammar theory , the Chomsky hierarchy , and the minimalist program . Chomsky also played a pivotal role in the decline of behaviorism , being particularly critical of the work of B. F. Skinner .   An outspoken opponent of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War , which he saw as an act of American imperialism , in 1967 Chomsky attracted widespread public attention for his anti-war essay `` The Responsibility of Intellectuals '' . Associated with the New Left , he was arrested multiple times for his activism and placed on President Richard Nixon 's Enemies List . While expanding his work in linguistics over subsequent decades , he also became involved in the Linguistics Wars . In collaboration with Edward S. Herman , Chomsky later co-wrote an analysis articulating the propaganda model of media criticism , and worked to expose the Indonesian occupation of East Timor . However , his defense of unconditional freedom of speech -- including for Holocaust deniers -- generated significant controversy in the Faurisson affair of the early 1980s . Following his retirement from active teaching , he has continued his vocal political activism , including opposing the War on Terror and supporting the Occupy movement .   One of the most cited scholars in history , Chomsky has influenced a broad array of academic fields . He is widely recognized as a paradigm shifter who helped spark a major revolution in the human sciences , contributing to the development of a new cognitivistic framework for the study of language and the mind . In addition to his continued scholarly research , he remains a leading critic of U.S. foreign policy , neoliberalism and contemporary state capitalism , the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict , and mainstream news media . His ideas have proved highly significant within the anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist movements , but have also drawn criticism , with some accusing Chomsky of anti-Americanism .


query: Kamala Harris was a student in California.

document: Kamala Devi Harris -LRB- -LSB- ˈkɑːmələ -RSB- born October 20 , 1964 -RRB- is an American attorney and politician who is the junior United States Senator from California . She is a member of the Democratic Party and served as the 32nd Attorney General of California .   Harris graduated from Howard University and University of California , Hastings College of the Law . She worked as a Deputy District Attorney in Alameda County , California -LRB- 1990 -- 98 -RRB- . She served as Managing Attorney of the Career Criminal Unit in the San Francisco District Attorney 's Office -LRB- 1998-2000 -RRB- and as Chief of the Community and Neighborhood Division in the office of San Francisco City Attorney -LRB- 2000 -- 03 -RRB- . In 2003 , she was elected as California 's first African American female District Attorney of San Francisco , defeating incumbent Terence Hallinan . She was re-elected in 2007 and served from 2004 to 2011 .   Harris was elected California 's Attorney General in 2010 and re-elected in 2014 . Harris was the first woman , the first Jamaican American , the first Asian American , the first Indian American , and the first African American attorney general in California .   On November 8 , 2016 , she defeated Loretta Sanchez in the 2016 U.S. Senate election to replace outgoing Democratic senator Barbara Boxer , becoming the third woman of color , first Indian American , and first biracial woman -LRB- alongside Tammy Duckworth and Catherine Cortez Masto -RRB- elected to serve in the United States Senate .


query: Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales's release date was pushed back twice.

document: Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Men Tell No Tales -LRB- also known as Pirates of the Caribbean : Salazar 's Revenge -RRB- is a 2017 American fantasy swashbuckler film , the fifth installment in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series and the sequel to On Stranger Tides -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . The film is directed by Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg from a script by Jeff Nathanson , with Jerry Bruckheimer serving again as producer . Johnny Depp , Kevin McNally and Geoffrey Rush reprise their roles as Jack Sparrow , Joshamee Gibbs and Hector Barbossa , respectively . The film also stars Javier Bardem as Armando Salazar , Brenton Thwaites as Henry Turner and Kaya Scodelario as Carina Smyth . The film also features the returns of Orlando Bloom and Keira Knightley as Will Turner and Elizabeth Swann respectively , following their absence from the previous movie , On Stranger Tides .   The filmmakers cited the first installment , The Curse of the Black Pearl -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , as inspiration for the script and tone of the film . Pre-production for the film started shortly before On Stranger Tides was released in early 2011 , with Terry Rossio writing a script for the film . In early 2013 , Jeff Nathanson was hired to write a new script , with Depp being involved in Nathanson 's writing process . Initially planned for a 2015 release , the film was delayed to 2016 and then to 2017 , due to script and budget issues . Principal photography started in Australia in February 2015 , after the Australian government offered Disney $ 20 million of tax incentives , and ended in July 2015 . It was released in conventional , Disney Digital 3-D , RealD 3D and IMAX 3D formats on May 26 , 2017 , received mixed reviews and has grossed $ 365 million worldwide .


query: Taiwan's high-tech industry plays a central role in the global economy.

document: Taiwan -LRB- -LSB- taɪˈwɑːn -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Republic of China -LRB- ROC -RRB- , is a state in East Asia . Its neighbours include China -LRB- officially the People 's Republic of China , PRC -RRB- to the west , Japan to the northeast , and the Philippines to the south .  Taiwan is the most populous state that is not a member of the United Nations , and also possesses the largest economy of any state outside of the UN .   The island of Taiwan , also known as Formosa , was mainly inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before the 17th century , when Dutch and Spanish colonies opened the island to Han Chinese immigration . After a brief rule by the Kingdom of Tungning , the island was annexed by the Qing dynasty , the last dynasty of China . The Qing ceded Taiwan to Japan in 1895 after the Sino-Japanese War . While Taiwan was under Japanese rule , the Republic of China -LRB- ROC -RRB- was established on the mainland in 1912 after the fall of the Qing dynasty . Following the Japanese surrender to the Allies in 1945 , the ROC took control of Taiwan . However , the resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the ROC 's loss of the mainland to the Communists , and the flight of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949 . Although the ROC continued to claim to be the legitimate government of China , its effective jurisdiction since 1949 has been limited to Taiwan and its surrounding islands , with the main island making up 99 % of its de facto territory . As a founding member of the United Nations , the ROC continued to represent China at the United Nations until 1971 , when the PRC assumed China 's seat , causing the ROC to lose its UN membership .   In the early 1960s , Taiwan entered a period of rapid economic growth and industrialization , creating a stable industrial economy . In the 1980s and early 1990s , it changed from a one-party military dictatorship dominated by the Kuomintang to a multi-party democracy with a semi-presidential system . Taiwan is the 22nd-largest economy in the world , and its high-tech industry plays a key role in the global economy . It is ranked highly in terms of freedom of the press , healthcare , public education , economic freedom , and human development . The country benefits from a highly skilled workforce and is among the most highly educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentages of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree .   The PRC has consistently claimed sovereignty over Taiwan and asserted the ROC is no longer in legitimate existence . Under its One-China Policy the PRC refused diplomatic relations with any country that recognizes the ROC . Today only a few smaller nations recognize the ROC as the sole legal representative of China , but many other states maintain unofficial ties through representative offices and institutions that function as de facto embassies and consulates . Although Taiwan is fully self-governing , most international organizations in which the PRC participates either refuse to grant membership to Taiwan or allow it to participate only as a non-state actor . Internally , the major division in politics is between the aspirations of eventual Chinese unification or Taiwanese independence , though both sides have moderated their positions to broaden their appeal . The PRC has threatened the use of military force in response to any formal declaration of independence by Taiwan or if PRC leaders decide that peaceful unification is no longer possible .


query: Conor McGregor won Featherweight and Lightweight Championships in 2012.

document: Conor Anthony McGregor -LRB- Irish : Conchúr Antóin Mac Gréagóir ; born 14 July 1988 -RRB- is an Irish professional mixed martial artist who is currently signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship -LRB- UFC -RRB- . He is the reigning UFC Lightweight Champion , and former UFC Featherweight Champion . During his career , McGregor has competed as a featherweight , lightweight , and welterweight .   In 2008 , McGregor started his mixed martial arts -LRB- MMA -RRB- career and , in 2012 , he won both the Cage Warriors Featherweight and Lightweight Championships , holding both titles concurrently before vacating them to sign with the UFC . In 2015 , at UFC 194 , McGregor defeated José Aldo for the UFC Featherweight Championship via knockout thirteen seconds into the first round . This was the fastest victory in UFC title fight history . Upon defeating Eddie Alvarez for the UFC Lightweight Championship at UFC 205 , McGregor became the first fighter in UFC history to hold titles in two weight divisions simultaneously .   He is known for being the biggest pay-per-view draw in MMA history , as well as his extravagant lifestyle and trash talking .


query: "Beautiful" is popular in some communities.

document: `` Beautiful '' is a song recorded by American singer Christina Aguilera for her fourth studio album , Stripped -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . It was released as the album 's second single on November 16 , 2002 . A pop and R&B ballad , `` Beautiful '' was written and produced by Linda Perry . Lyrically , it discusses inner beauty , as well as self-esteem and insecurity issues . Aguilera commented that she put `` her heart and her soul '' into the track , which she felt represented the theme of Stripped . The song was later re-recorded in an electronic style for her first greatest hits album Keeps Gettin ' Better : A Decade of Hits -LRB- 2008 -RRB- .   Upon its release , `` Beautiful '' received universal acclaim from music critics , who have ranked it among Aguilera 's strongest material . It won a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance and was also nominated for Song of the Year at the 2004 ceremony . `` Beautiful '' was also a commercial success , topping the charts in Australia , Belgium , Canada , Ireland , New Zealand and the United Kingdom . The song peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , where it was certified Gold for 500,000 units shipped . It was kept from the number one spot by `` Bump , Bump , Bump '' by B2K featuring P. Diddy .   `` Beautiful '' has been widely embraced as an anthem by the LGBT community for its message of self-empowerment and inner beauty . An accompanying music video was directed by Jonas Åkerlund , and earned Aguilera a GLAAD Media Award for its positive portrayal of gay and transgender people . In 2011 , UK LGBT rights organization Stonewall named `` Beautiful '' the most empowering song of the previous decade for gay , lesbian , and bisexual people . In 2009 , Rolling Stone and VH1 listed it as one of the best songs of the 2000s -LRB- decade -RRB- . The song is widely recognized as one of Aguilera 's signature songs and has been covered on numerous occasions and featured on several television shows .


query: Adrien Broner is a male boxer.

document: Adrien Jerome Broner -LRB- born July 28 , 1989 -RRB- is an American professional boxer . He is a former four-weight world champion , having held the WBO junior lightweight title from 2011 to 2012 ; the WBC lightweight title from 2012 to 2013 ; the WBA welterweight title in 2014 ; and the WBA super lightweight title from 2015 to 2016 . The Ring magazine previously ranked Broner as the fifth best boxer in the world , pound for pound , in December 2012 .


query: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them premiered in November.

document: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a 2016 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . A spin-off of the Harry Potter film series , it was produced and written by J. K. Rowling , in her screenwriting debut , and inspired by her book of the same name . Set in 1926 New York , the film stars Eddie Redmayne as Newt Scamander with Katherine Waterston , Dan Fogler , Alison Sudol , Ezra Miller , Samantha Morton , Jon Voight , Carmen Ejogo , Ron Perlman and Colin Farrell in supporting roles . It is the first instalment in the Fantastic Beasts series , and the ninth overall in J. K. Rowling 's Wizarding World , the franchise that began with the Harry Potter films .   Principal photography began at Warner Bros. . Studios , Leavesden , England in August 2015 and was completed in January 2016 . Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them premiered in New York City on 10 November 2016 and was released worldwide on 18 November 2016 in 3D , IMAX 4K Laser and other large format cinemas . The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 814 million worldwide , making it the eighth highest-grossing film of 2016 .   The film was nominated for five BAFTAs , winning for Best Production Design , as well as two Academy Awards , winning Best Costume Design , becoming the first film in J.K. Rowling 's Wizarding World to win an Academy Award .


query: Hugo Weaving is an actor.

document: Hugo Wallace Weaving -LRB- born 4 April 1960 -RRB- is a Nigerian-born English-Australian film and stage actor . He is best known for playing Agent Smith in The Matrix trilogy -LRB- 1999 -- 2003 -RRB- , Elrond in The Lord of the Rings -LRB- 2001 -- 2003 -RRB- and The Hobbit -LRB- 2012 -- 2014 -RRB- film trilogies , V in V for Vendetta -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Red Skull in Captain America : The First Avenger -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and Tom Doss in Hacksaw Ridge -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .   Weaving 's first television role was in the 1984 Australian television series Bodyline , where he portrayed English cricket captain Douglas Jardine . In film , he first rose to prominence for his performance as Martin in the Australian drama Proof -LRB- 1991 -RRB- . Weaving played Anthony `` Tick '' Belrose/Mitzi Del Bra in the comedy-drama The Adventures of Priscilla , Queen of the Desert -LRB- 1994 -RRB- ; and multiple roles in the science fiction film Cloud Atlas -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . His roles as a voice actor include Rex in Babe , Noah in Happy Feet and Happy Feet Two , and Megatron in the Transformers film series .   Weaving 's awards for acting include a Satellite Award , MTV Movie Award and six Australian Film Institute Awards .


query: Marion Cotillard achieved worldwide recognition for her role in La Vie en Rose (2007).

document: Marion Cotillard -LRB- -LSB- ma.ʁjɔ̃ kɔ.ti.jaʁ -RSB- ; born 30 September 1975 -RRB- is a French actress , singer-songwriter , musician , environmentalist and spokesperson for Greenpeace who achieved international fame with the film La Vie en Rose -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . She is the recipient of an Academy Award , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , two César Awards , a European Award , and a Lumières Award . Cotillard has appeared in more than 50 feature films and is also known for being the face of Lady Dior handbags since 2008 . She became a Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters in France in 2010 and promoted to Officer in 2016 . Was named `` The Most Bankable French Actress of the 21st Century '' in 2014 , and described as `` the great silent film actress of our time '' by The Daily Telegraph 's Robbie Collin , for her ability to show emotions only with her eyes and facial expressions , although she has never appeared in a silent film . She received France 's highest honor and was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour in 2016 .   Cotillard had her first English-language role in the TV series Highlander in 1993 , made her film debut in The Story of a Boy Who Wanted to Be Kissed -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , her first leading role in the TV film Chloé -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , and made her breakthrough in France playing Lilly Bertineau in the action-comedy Taxi -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , which earned her a César Award nomination for Most Promising Actress and was her first box office hit . She made her Hollywood debut as Joséphine Bloom in Tim Burton 's Big Fish -LRB- 2003 -RRB- .   Since 2003 , Cotillard has alternated between French and English-language roles in mainstream and art-house productions , and has received international acclaim and awards for her performances in films such as Tina Lombardi in A Very Long Engagement -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , for which she won her first César Award for Best Supporting Actress . For her portrayal of the French singer Édith Piaf in the biopic La Vie en Rose -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Cotillard achieved worldwide recognition and won her second César Award , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , a Lumières Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress , becoming the first and -LRB- as of 2017 -RRB- only actor to win an Academy Award for a performance in French , and also the second actress and one of only six actors to have won this award for a part spoken in a foreign language . Her performance of Luisa Contini in the musical film Nine -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , earned her a second Golden Globe nomination . She next starred in Michael Mann 's Public Enemies -LRB- 2009 -RRB- as Billie Frechette , and played Mal in Christopher Nolan 's Inception -LRB- 2010 -RRB- .   In 2012 , she received widespread critical acclaim for her performance as the double amputee orca trainer Stéphanie in Rust and Bone -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and was nominated for the Golden Globes , BAFTAs , Critics ' Choice , Screen Actors Guild and the César Awards . She was highly acclaimed and awarded for her lead performances in The Immigrant -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Two Days , One Night -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , receiving a second Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for the latter , which was also her second nomination for a French-language film and the first time an actor was nominated for a Belgian film . Cotillard became one of only six actors to receive multiple Academy Award nominations for foreign-language performances .   Cotillard played Joan of Arc on stage in different countries between 2005 and 2015 in the oratorio Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher . Her English-language roles include Fanny Chenal in A Good Year -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Adriana in Midnight in Paris -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Dr. Leonora Orantes in Contagion -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Miranda Tate in The Dark Knight Rises -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Lady Macbeth in Macbeth -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , Marianne Beausejour in Allied -LRB- 2016 -RRB- and Dr. Sofia Rikkin in Assassin 's Creed -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . She provided voice acting for animated films as The Rose in The Little Prince -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , April in April and the Extraordinary World -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and Scarlet Overkill in the French version of Minions -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . Her other notable French and Belgian films include La Belle Verte -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , Furia -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , War in the Highlands -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , Lisa -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , Pretty Things -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , Love Me If You Dare -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , Innocence -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Toi et Moi -LRB- 2006 -RRB- and Dikkenek -LRB- 2006 -RRB- .