query: To Kill a Mockingbird is a Southern Gothic novel.

document: To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960 . It was immediately successful , winning the Pulitzer Prize , and has become a classic of modern American literature . The plot and characters are loosely based on Lee 's observations of her family , her neighbors and an event that occurred near her hometown of Monroeville , Alabama , in 1936 , when she was 10 years old .   The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor , despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality . The narrator 's father , Atticus Finch , has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers . One critic explains the novel 's impact by writing , `` In the twentieth century , To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America , and its protagonist , Atticus Finch , the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism . ''   As a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman , the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence . Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class , courage , compassion , and gender roles in the American Deep South . The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice . Despite its themes , To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms , often challenged for its use of racial epithets .   Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication . Despite the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education , literary analysis of it is sparse . Author Mary McDonough Murphy , who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures , calls the book `` an astonishing phenomenon '' . In 2006 , British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one `` every adult should read before they die '' . It was adapted into an Oscar-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan , with a screenplay by Horton Foote . Since 1990 , a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee 's hometown .   To Kill a Mockingbird was Lee 's only published book until Go Set a Watchman , an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird , was published on July 14 , 2015 . Lee continued to respond to her work 's impact until her death in February 2016 , although she had refused any personal publicity for herself or the novel since 1964 .


query: The Dardanelles connects the Aegean Sea.

document: The Aegean Sea -LRB- -LSB- ᵻˈdʒiːən -RSB- Αιγαίο Πέλαγος -LSB- eˈʝeo ˈpelaɣos -RSB- ; Ege Denizi -LSB- eɟe denizi -RSB- -RRB- is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the Greek and Anatolian peninsulas , i.e. , between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey . In the north , it is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosphorus . The Aegean Islands are within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery , including Crete and Rhodes .   The sea was traditionally known as Archipelago -LRB- in Greek , Αρχιπέλαγος , meaning `` chief sea '' -RRB- , but in English this word 's meaning has changed to refer to the Aegean Islands and , generally , to any island group .


query: The French Revolution began before 1792.

document: The French Revolution -LRB- Révolution française -LSB- ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz -RSB- -RRB- was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799 , and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire . The Revolution overthrew the monarchy , established a republic , experienced violent periods of political turmoil , and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond . Inspired by liberal and radical ideas , the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history , triggering the global decline of absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and liberal democracies . Through the Revolutionary Wars , it unleashed a wave of global conflicts that extended from the Caribbean to the Middle East . Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human history .   The causes of the French Revolution are complex and are still debated among historians . Following the Seven Years ' War and the American Revolutionary War , the French government was deeply in debt and attempted to restore its financial status through unpopular taxation schemes . Years of bad harvests leading up to the Revolution also inflamed popular resentment of the privileges enjoyed by the clergy and the aristocracy . Demands for change were formulated in terms of Enlightenment ideals and contributed to the convocation of the Estates-General in May 1789 . The first year of the Revolution saw members of the Third Estate taking control , the assault on the Bastille in July , the passage of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in August , and a women 's march on Versailles that forced the royal court back to Paris in October . A central event of the first stage , in August 1789 , was the abolition of feudalism and the old rules and privileges left over from the Ancien Régime . The next few years featured political struggles between various liberal assemblies and right-wing supporters of the monarchy intent on thwarting major reforms . The Republic was proclaimed in September 1792 after the French victory at Valmy . In a momentous event that led to international condemnation , Louis XVI was executed in January 1793 .   External threats closely shaped the course of the Revolution . The Revolutionary Wars beginning in 1792 ultimately featured French victories that facilitated the conquest of the Italian Peninsula , the Low Countries and most territories west of the Rhine -- achievements that had eluded previous French governments for centuries . Internally , popular agitation radicalised the Revolution significantly , culminating in the rise of Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins . The dictatorship imposed by the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror , from 1793 until 1794 , established price controls on food and other items , abolished slavery in French colonies abroad , dechristianised society through the creation of a new calendar and the expulsion of religious figures , and secured the borders of the new republic from its enemies . Large numbers of civilians were executed by revolutionary tribunals during the Terror , with estimates ranging from 16,000 to 40,000 . After the Thermidorian Reaction , an executive council known as the Directory assumed control of the French state in 1795 . The rule of the Directory was characterised by suspended elections , debt repudiations , financial instability , persecutions against the Catholic clergy , and significant military conquests abroad . Dogged by charges of corruption , the Directory collapsed in a coup led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1799 . Napoleon , who became the hero of the Revolution through his popular military campaigns , went on to establish the Consulate and later the First Empire , setting the stage for a wider array of global conflicts in the Napoleonic Wars .   The modern era has unfolded in the shadow of the French Revolution . Almost all future revolutionary movements looked back to the Revolution as their predecessor . Its central phrases and cultural symbols , such as La Marseillaise and Liberté , égalité , fraternité , became the clarion call for other major upheavals in modern history , including the Russian Revolution over a century later .   The values and institutions of the Revolution dominate French politics to this day . The Revolution resulted in the suppression of the feudal system , the emancipation of the individual , the greater division of landed property , the abolition of the privileges of noble birth and the establishment of equality . The French Revolution differed from other revolutions in being not merely national , for it aimed at benefiting all humanity .   Globally , the Revolution accelerated the rise of republics and democracies . It became the focal point for the development of all modern political ideologies , leading to the spread of liberalism , radicalism , nationalism , socialism , feminism , and secularism , among many others . The Revolution also witnessed the birth of total war by organising the resources of France and the lives of its citizens towards the objective of military conquest . Some of its central documents , like the Declaration of the Rights of Man , expanded the arena of human rights to include women and slaves , leading to movements for abolitionism and universal suffrage in the next century .


query: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them had its premiere in New York City.

document: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a 2016 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . A spin-off of the Harry Potter film series , it was produced and written by J. K. Rowling , in her screenwriting debut , and inspired by her book of the same name . Set in 1926 New York , the film stars Eddie Redmayne as Newt Scamander with Katherine Waterston , Dan Fogler , Alison Sudol , Ezra Miller , Samantha Morton , Jon Voight , Carmen Ejogo , Ron Perlman and Colin Farrell in supporting roles . It is the first instalment in the Fantastic Beasts series , and the ninth overall in J. K. Rowling 's Wizarding World , the franchise that began with the Harry Potter films .   Principal photography began at Warner Bros. . Studios , Leavesden , England in August 2015 and was completed in January 2016 . Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them premiered in New York City on 10 November 2016 and was released worldwide on 18 November 2016 in 3D , IMAX 4K Laser and other large format cinemas . The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 814 million worldwide , making it the eighth highest-grossing film of 2016 .   The film was nominated for five BAFTAs , winning for Best Production Design , as well as two Academy Awards , winning Best Costume Design , becoming the first film in J.K. Rowling 's Wizarding World to win an Academy Award .


query: Superman works for the Daily Planet.

document: Superman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . The character was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster , high school students living in Cleveland , Ohio , in 1933 . They sold Superman to Detective Comics , the future DC Comics , in 1938 . Superman debuted in Action Comics # 1 -LRB- cover-dated June 1938 -RRB- and subsequently appeared in various radio serials , newspaper strips , television programs , films , and video games . With this success , Superman helped to create the superhero archetype and establish its primacy within the American comic book . The character is also referred to by such epithets as the Big Blue Boy Scout , the Man of Steel , the Man of Tomorrow , and the Last Son of Krypton .   The origin story of Superman relates that he was born Kal-El on the planet Krypton , before being rocketed to Earth as an infant by his scientist father Jor-El , moments before Krypton 's destruction . Discovered and adopted by a Kansas farm couple , the child is raised as Clark Kent and imbued with a strong moral compass . Very early on he started to display various superhuman abilities , which , upon reaching maturity , he resolved to use for the benefit of humanity through a `` Superman '' identity .   Superman resides and operates in the fictional American city of Metropolis . As Clark Kent , he is a journalist for the Daily Planet , a Metropolis newspaper . Superman 's love interest is generally Lois Lane , and his archenemy is the supervillain Lex Luthor . A close ally of Batman and Wonder Woman , he is typically depicted as a member of the Justice League . Like other characters in the DC Universe , several alternate versions of Superman have been characterized over the years .   Superman 's appearance is distinctive and iconic ; he usually wears a blue costume with a red-and-yellow emblem on the chest , consisting of the letter S in a shield shape , and a red cape . This shield is used in many media to symbolize the character . Superman is widely considered an American cultural icon . He has fascinated scholars , with cultural theorists , commentators , and critics alike exploring the character 's role and impact in the United States and worldwide . The character 's ownership has often been the subject of dispute , with Siegel and Shuster twice suing for the return of rights . The character has been adapted extensively and portrayed in other forms of media as well , including films , television series , and video games . Several actors have portrayed Superman in motion pictures and TV series including Kirk Alyn , George Reeves , Christopher Reeve , Dean Cain , Tom Welling , Brandon Routh , Henry Cavill , and Tyler Hoechlin .


query: Omar Sharif spoke English and Greek fluently.

document: Omar Sharif -LRB- عمر الشريف , -LSB- ˈʕomɑɾ eʃʃɪˈɾiːf -RSB- ; born Michel Dimitri Chalhoub -LSB- - arzmiˈʃel dɪˈmitɾi ʃælˈhuːb -RSB- 10 April 193210 July 2015 -RRB- was an Egyptian actor . He began his career in his native country in the 1950s , but is best known for his appearances in both British and American productions . His films included Lawrence of Arabia -LRB- 1962 -RRB- , Doctor Zhivago -LRB- 1965 -RRB- , and Funny Girl -LRB- 1968 -RRB- . He was nominated for an Academy Award . He won three Golden Globe Awards and a César Award .   Sharif , who spoke Arabic , English , Greek , French , Spanish , Portuguese and Italian fluently , was often cast as a foreigner of some sort . He bridled at travel restrictions imposed by the government of Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser , leading to self-exile in Europe . The estrangement led to an amicable divorce from his wife , the iconic Egyptian actress Faten Hamama . He had converted to Islam in order to marry her . He was a lifelong horse racing enthusiast , and at one time ranked among the world 's top contract bridge players .


query: One common cosmetic are skin cleansers to remove makeup.

document: Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body . Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and hair . They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds ; some being derived from natural sources -LRB- such as coconut oil -RRB- , and some being synthetics . Common cosmetics include lipstick , mascara , eye shadow , foundation , rouge , skin cleansers and skin lotions , shampoo , hairstyling products -LRB- gel , hair spray , etc. -RRB- , perfume and cologne . Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called make-up or makeup .   In the U.S. , the Food and Drug Administration -LRB- FDA -RRB- , which regulates cosmetics , defines cosmetics as `` intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing , beautifying , promoting attractiveness , or altering the appearance without affecting the body 's structure or functions '' . This broad definition includes any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product . The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category .


query: Hunter S. Thompson traveled to the state of California.

document: Hunter Stockton Thompson -LRB- July 18 , 1937 -- February 20 , 2005 -RRB- was an American journalist and author , and the founder of the gonzo journalism movement . Born in Louisville , Kentucky , to a middle-class family , Thompson had a turbulent youth after the death of his father left the family in poverty . He was unable to formally finish high school as he was incarcerated for 60 days after abetting a robbery . He subsequently joined the United States Air Force before moving into journalism . He traveled frequently , including stints in California , Puerto Rico , and Brazil , before settling in Aspen , Colorado , in the early 1960s .   Thompson became internationally known with the publication of Hell 's Angels : The Strange and Terrible Saga of the Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs -LRB- 1967 -RRB- . For his research on the book he had spent a year living and riding with the Angels , experiencing their lives and hearing their stories first-hand . Previously a relatively conventional journalist , with the publication in 1970 of The Kentucky Derby Is Decadent and Depraved he became a counter cultural figure , with his own brand of New Journalism which he termed `` Gonzo '' , an experimental style of journalism where reporters involve themselves in the action to such a degree that they become central figures of their stories . The work he remains best known for , Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas : A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream -LRB- 1971 -RRB- , constitutes a rumination on the failure of the 1960s counterculture movement . It was first serialized in Rolling Stone , a magazine with which Thompson would be long associated , and was released as a film starring Johnny Depp and Benicio del Toro and directed by Terry Gilliam in 1998 .   Politically minded , Thompson ran unsuccessfully for sheriff of Pitkin County , Colorado , in 1970 , on the Freak Power ticket . He became well known for his inveterate hatred of Richard Nixon , who he claimed represented `` that dark , venal , and incurably violent side of the American character '' and whom he characterized in Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail ' 72 . Thompson 's output notably declined from the mid-1970s , as he struggled with the consequences of fame , and he complained that he could no longer merely report on events as he was too easily recognized . He was also known for his lifelong use of alcohol and illegal drugs , his love of firearms , and his iconoclastic contempt for authoritarianism . He remarked : `` I hate to advocate drugs , alcohol , violence , or insanity to anyone , but they 've always worked for me . ''   After a bout of health problems , Thompson committed suicide at the age of 67 . In accordance with his wishes , his ashes were fired out of a cannon in a ceremony funded by his friend Johnny Depp and attended by friends including then-Senator John Kerry and Jack Nicholson . Hari Kunzru wrote that `` the true voice of Thompson is revealed to be that of American moralist ... one who often makes himself ugly to expose the ugliness he sees around him . ''


query: Freddie Mercury was the singer in a rock band.

document: Queen are a British rock band that formed in London in 1970 . Their classic line-up was Freddie Mercury -LRB- lead vocals , piano -RRB- , Brian May -LRB- lead guitar , vocals -RRB- , Roger Taylor -LRB- drums , vocals -RRB- , and John Deacon -LRB- bass guitar -RRB- . Queen 's earliest works were influenced by progressive rock , hard rock and heavy metal , but the band gradually ventured into more conventional and radio-friendly works by incorporating further styles , such as arena rock and pop rock , into their music .   Before forming Queen , Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile . Freddie Mercury -LRB- then known by his birth name of Farrokh `` Freddie '' Bulsara -RRB- was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques . Mercury joined the band in 1970 , suggested `` Queen '' as a new band name , and adopted his familiar stage name . John Deacon was recruited before the band recorded their eponymous debut album in 1973 . Queen first charted in the UK with their second album , Queen II , in 1974 , but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success . The latter featured `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' , which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video .   The band 's 1977 album News of the World contained `` We Will Rock You '' and `` We Are the Champions '' , which have become anthems at sporting events . By the early 1980s , Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world . Released in 1980 , `` Another One Bites the Dust '' is their best selling single , while their 1981 compilation album Greatest Hits is the best-selling album in the UK and is certified eight times platinum in the US . Their performance at the 1985 Live Aid concert has been ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications , and the best in a 2005 industry poll . In 1991 , Mercury died of bronchopneumonia , a complication of AIDS , and Deacon retired in 1997 . Since then , May and Taylor have performed under the name of Queen with Paul Rodgers and Adam Lambert as vocalists on several tours .   The band have released a total of 18 number-one albums , 18 number-one singles , and 10 number-one DVDs . Estimates of their record sales generally range from 150 million to 300 million records , making them one of the world 's best-selling music artists . Queen received the Outstanding Contribution to British Music Award from the British Phonographic Industry in 1990 . They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001 .


query: Laurence Fishburne acted in a movie.

document: The Matrix is a science fiction action media franchise created by The Wachowskis , about heroes who fight a desperate war against machine overlords that have enslaved humanity in an extremely sophisticated virtual reality gestalt .   The series began with the feature film The Matrix -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , and continued with two sequels , The Matrix Reloaded -LRB- 2003 -RRB- and The Matrix Revolutions -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , all written and directed by the Wachowskis and produced by Joel Silver . The franchise is owned by Warner Bros. , which distributed the films along with Village Roadshow Pictures . The latter , along with Silver Pictures are the two production companies that worked on all three films .   The first film was an important critical and commercial success , winning four Academy Awards , introducing popular culture symbols such as the red pill and blue pill , and influencing action filmmaking . For those reasons it has been added to the National Film Registry for preservation . Its first sequel was an even bigger commercial success , becoming the highest-grossing R-rated film in history , a title which it held for 13 years .   The series features a cyberpunk story incorporating references to numerous philosophical and religious ideas . Influences include the principles of mythology , anime , and Hong Kong action films -LRB- particularly `` heroic bloodshed '' and martial arts movies -RRB- .   The characters and settings of the films are further explored in other media set in the same fictional universe , including animation , comics , and video games . The comic `` Bits and Pieces of Information '' and The Animatrix short film `` The Second Renaissance '' act as prequels to the films , explaining how the franchise 's setting came to be . The video game Enter the Matrix connects the story of the Animatrix short `` Final Flight of the Osiris '' with the events of Reloaded , while the video game The Matrix Online is a direct sequel to Revolutions .   As of February 2016 , the franchise has generated $ 3 billion in revenue , making it one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . In March 2017 , it was reported that Warner Bros. was in early stages of developing a relaunch of the franchise with new films .


query: Quentin Tarantino made the movie Reservoir Dogs in the 90's.

document: Quentin Jerome Tarantino -LRB- -LSB- ˌtærənˈtiːnoʊ -RSB- born March 27 , 1963 -RRB- is an American director , writer , and actor . His films are characterized by nonlinear storylines , satirical subject matter , an aestheticization of violence , extended scenes of dialogue , ensemble casts consisting of established and lesser-known performers , references to popular culture , soundtracks primarily containing songs and score pieces from the 1960s to the 1980s , and features of neo-noir film . He is widely considered one of the greatest filmmakers of his generation .   His career began in the late 1980s , when he wrote and directed My Best Friend 's Birthday , the screenplay of which formed the basis for True Romance . In the early 1990s , he began his career as an independent filmmaker with the release of Reservoir Dogs in 1992 ; regarded as a classic and cult hit , it was called the `` Greatest Independent Film of All Time '' by Empire . Its popularity was boosted by his second film , Pulp Fiction -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , a black comedy crime film that was a major success both among critics and audiences . Judged the greatest film from 1983 -- 2008 by Entertainment Weekly , many critics and scholars have named it one of the most significant works of modern cinema . For his next effort , Tarantino paid homage to the blaxploitation films of the 1970s with Jackie Brown -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , an adaptation of the novel Rum Punch .   Kill Bill , a highly stylized `` revenge flick '' in the cinematic traditions of Kung fu films , Japanese martial arts , Spaghetti Westerns and Italian horror , followed six years later , and was released as two films : Volume 1 in 2003 and Volume 2 in 2004 . Tarantino directed Death Proof -LRB- 2007 -RRB- as part of a double feature with friend Robert Rodriguez , under the collective title Grindhouse . His long-postponed Inglourious Basterds , which tells the fictional alternate history story of two plots to assassinate Nazi Germany 's political leadership , was released in 2009 to positive reviews . After that came 2012 's critically acclaimed Django Unchained , a Western film set in the antebellum era of the Deep South . It became the highest-grossing film of his career so far , making over $ 425 million at the box office . His eighth film , the mystery Western The Hateful Eight , was released in its roadshow version December 25 , 2015 , in 70 mm film format , complete with opening `` overture '' and halfway-point intermission , after the fashion of big-budget films of the 1960s and early 1970s .   Tarantino 's films have garnered both critical and commercial success . He has received many industry awards , including two Academy Awards , two Golden Globe Awards , two BAFTA Awards and the Palme d'Or , and has been nominated for an Emmy and a Grammy . He was named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World by Time in 2005 . Filmmaker and historian Peter Bogdanovich has called him `` the single most influential director of his generation '' . In December 2015 , Tarantino received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry .


query: Julia Louis-Dreyfus plays the main character Selina Meyer in Veep.

document: Julia Scarlett Elizabeth Louis-Dreyfus -LRB- -LSB- ˈluːi_ˈdraɪfəs -RSB- born January 13 , 1961 -RRB- is an American actress , comedian , and producer . She is known for her work in television comedy , including Saturday Night Live -LRB- 1982 -- 85 -RRB- , Seinfeld -LRB- 1989 -- 98 -RRB- , The New Adventures of Old Christine -LRB- 2006 -- 10 -RRB- , and Veep -LRB- 2012 -- present -RRB- . Louis-Dreyfus holds several records for most Primetime Emmy Award wins and nominations .   Louis-Dreyfus broke into comedy as a performer in The Practical Theatre Company in Chicago , Illinois , which led to her casting in the sketch show Saturday Night Live from 1982 to 1985 . Her breakthrough came in 1990 with a nine-season run playing Elaine Benes on Seinfeld , one of the most critically and commercially successful sitcoms of all time . Other notable television roles include Christine Campbell in The New Adventures of Old Christine , which had a five-season run on CBS , and her role as Selina Meyer in Veep , which has recently been renewed by HBO for a sixth season . Louis-Dreyfus ' film roles have included Hannah and Her Sisters -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , National Lampoon 's Christmas Vacation -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , Deconstructing Harry -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , and Enough Said -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . She has voiced roles in several animated films , including A Bug 's Life -LRB- 1998 -RRB- and Planes -LRB- 2013 -RRB- .   Louis-Dreyfus has received nine Emmy Awards , seven for acting and two for producing , with a total of 22 nominations throughout her career . She has also received a Golden Globe Award , seven Screen Actors Guild Awards , five American Comedy Awards , and two Critics ' Choice Television Awards . Louis-Dreyfus received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2010 , and was inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in 2014 . In 2016 , Time named Louis-Dreyfus one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list .


query: Slovakia joined the Eurozone.

document: Slovakia -LRB- listen -RRB- , is a landlocked country in Central Europe . It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west , Poland to the north , Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south . Slovakia 's territory spans about 49000 km2 and is mostly mountainous . The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks . The capital and largest city is Bratislava . The official language is Slovak .   The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries . In the 7th century , they played a significant role in the creation of Samo 's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra . In the 10th century , the territory was integrated into the Kingdom of Hungary , which itself became part of the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire . After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , the Slovaks and Czechs established Czechoslovakia . A separate -LRB- First -RRB- Slovak Republic -LRB- 1939 -- 1945 -RRB- existed in World War II as a client state of Nazi Germany . In 1945 , Czechoslovakia was re-established under Communist rule as a Soviet satellite . In 1989 the Velvet Revolution ended authoritarian Communist rule in Czechoslovakia . Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia , sometimes known as the Velvet Divorce .   Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index , a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties , press freedom , internet freedom , democratic governance and peacefulness . The country maintains a combination of market economy with a comprehensive social security system . Citizens of Slovakia are provided with universal health care , free education and one of the longest paid maternity leave in the OECD . The country joined the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone on 1 January 2009 . Slovakia is also a member of the Schengen Area , NATO , the United Nations , the OECD , the WTO , CERN , the OSCE , the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group . The Slovak economy is one of the fastest growing economies in Europe and 3rd fastest in eurozone . Its legal tender , the Euro , is the world 's 2nd most traded currency . Although regional income inequality is high , 90 % of citizens own their homes . In 2016 , Slovak citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 165 countries and territories , ranking the Slovak passport 11th in the world . Slovakia is the world 's largest per-capita car producer with a total of 1,040,000 cars manufactured in the country in 2016 alone and the 7th largest car producer in the European Union . The car industry represents 43 % of Slovakia 's industrial output , and a quarter of its exports .


query: In 2013, the final component of the One World Trade Center's spire was installed.

document: One World Trade Center -LRB- also known as 1 World Trade Center , 1 WTC or Freedom Tower -RRB- is the main building of the rebuilt World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan , New York City . It is the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere , and the sixth-tallest in the world . The supertall structure has the same name as the North Tower of the original World Trade Center , which was completely destroyed in the terrorist attacks of September 11 , 2001 . The new skyscraper stands on the northwest corner of the 16 acre World Trade Center site , on the site of the original 6 World Trade Center . The building is bounded by West Street to the west , Vesey Street to the north , Fulton Street to the south , and Washington Street to the east .   The building 's architect was David Childs , whose firm Skidmore , Owings & Merrill -LRB- SOM -RRB- also designed the Burj Khalifa and the Willis Tower . The construction of below-ground utility relocations , footings , and foundations for the new building began on April 27 , 2006 . One World Trade Center became the tallest structure in New York City on April 30 , 2012 , when it surpassed the height of the Empire State Building . The tower 's steel structure was topped out on August 30 , 2012 . On May 10 , 2013 , the final component of the skyscraper 's spire was installed , making the building , including its spire , reach a total height of 1776 ft. Its height in feet is a deliberate reference to the year when the United States Declaration of Independence was signed . The building opened on November 3 , 2014 ; the One World Observatory opened on May 29 , 2015 .   On March 26 , 2009 , the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey -LRB- PANYNJ -RRB- confirmed that the building would be officially known by its legal name of `` One World Trade Center '' , rather than its colloquial name of `` Freedom Tower '' . The building is 104 standard floors high , but the tower has only 94 actual stories .   The new World Trade Center complex will eventually include five high-rise office buildings built along Greenwich Street , as well as the National September 11 Memorial & Museum , located just south of One World Trade Center where the original Twin Towers stood . The construction of the new building is part of an effort to memorialize and rebuild following the destruction of the original World Trade Center complex .


query: Chester Bennington's project on the side was named Dead by Sunrise.

document: Chester Charles Bennington -LRB- born March 20 , 1976 -RRB- is an American musician , singer , songwriter and actor . He is best known as the lead vocalist of rock bands Linkin Park , Dead by Sunrise , and live rock cover band Bucket of Weenies . He was originally the lead vocalist for Sean Dowdell And His Friends ? and Grey Daze . Bennington was the lead vocalist for Stone Temple Pilots from 2013 to 2015 .   Bennington became known as a vocalist with Linkin Park 's debut album , Hybrid Theory , in 2000 , which was a massive commercial success . The album was certified Diamond by the RIAA in 2005 , making it the best-selling debut album of the decade , as well as one of the few albums to ever hit that many sales . Linkin Park 's following studio albums , Meteora -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , Minutes to Midnight -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , A Thousand Suns -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Living Things -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and The Hunting Party -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , continued the band 's success . Bennington formed his own band , Dead by Sunrise , as a side project in 2005 . The band 's debut album , Out of Ashes , was released on October 13 , 2009 . He worked on new material with Stone Temple Pilots in 2013 to release the EP High Rise on October 8 , 2013 via their own record label , Play Pen . Bennington has been ranked in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by Hit Parader -LRB- No. 46 -RRB- .


query: The Great Gatsby was edited by Maxwell Perkins.

document: The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922 . The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his quixotic passion and obsession for the beautiful former debutante Daisy Buchanan . Considered to be Fitzgerald 's magnum opus , The Great Gatsby explores themes of decadence , idealism , resistance to change , social upheaval , and excess , creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has been described as a cautionary tale regarding the American Dream .   Fitzgerald -- inspired by the parties he had attended while visiting Long Island 's north shore -- began planning the novel in 1923 , desiring to produce , in his words , `` something new -- something extraordinary and beautiful and simple and intricately patterned . '' Progress was slow , with Fitzgerald completing his first draft following a move to the French Riviera in 1924 . His editor , Maxwell Perkins , felt the book was vague and persuaded the author to revise over the next winter . Fitzgerald was repeatedly ambivalent about the book 's title and he considered a variety of alternatives , including titles that referenced the Roman character Trimalchio ; the title he was last documented to have desired was Under the Red , White , and Blue .   First published by Scribner 's in April 1925 , The Great Gatsby received mixed reviews and sold poorly ; in its first year , the book sold only 20,000 copies . Fitzgerald died in 1940 , believing himself to be a failure and his work forgotten . However , the novel experienced a revival during World , and became a part of American high school curricula and numerous stage and film adaptations in the following decades . Today , The Great Gatsby is widely considered to be a literary classic and a contender for the title `` Great American Novel . '' In 1998 , the Modern Library editorial board voted it the 20th century 's best American novel and second best English-language novel of the same time period .


query: In Secret was an adaptation of a French novel.

document: In Secret , previously titled Thérèse , is a 2013 American erotic thriller film written and directed by Charlie Stratton . Based on Émile Zola 's 1867 classic novel Thérèse Raquin , the film stars Elizabeth Olsen , Tom Felton , Oscar Isaac and Jessica Lange . It was screened in the Special Presentation section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival . The film received a regional release on February 21 , 2014 .


query: Jane Fonda starred in a movie.

document: Barefoot in the Park is a 1967 American comedy film . The film stars Jane Fonda as Corie and Robert Redford as Paul .   Based on Neil Simon 's 1963 play of the same name , it focuses on newlyweds Corie and Paul Bratter and their adventures living in a minuscule sixth floor walk-up apartment in a Greenwich Village brownstone . Stuffed-shirt Paul is a hard-working young attorney just starting his practice , while spontaneous bride Corie is determined to create a romantic environment in one room with no heat , a hole in the skylight , and oddball neighbors .   The title refers to Paul becoming drunk , throwing caution to the wind and running barefoot in Washington Square Park in response to his wife 's repeated complaints about his sober and cautious demeanor .   The film 's screenplay was written by Simon . Gene Saks directed Robert Redford , reprising his Broadway role of Paul , and Jane Fonda , who replaced the play 's Elizabeth Ashley . Mildred Natwick reprises her stage role as the bride 's mother , Charles Boyer is featured as the eccentric upstairs neighbor , and Herb Edelman reprises his stage role as a telephone installer . The lead female role had been offered to Natalie Wood who had already played opposite Robert Redford in two movies . Wood declined the offer because she wanted to take time off .   Natwick was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , Fonda was nominated for a BAFTA as Best Foreign Actress , and Simon received a nod from the Writers Guild of America .


query: Inhumans stars a Canadian actor.

document: Marvel 's Inhumans , or simply Inhumans , is an upcoming American television series developed for ABC , based on the Marvel Comics race of the same name . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe -LRB- MCU -RRB- , sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise . The series is produced by ABC Studios and Marvel Television , with IMAX Corporation as a financing partner and Scott Buck serving as showrunner .   The series is centered around Black Bolt , with Anson Mount in the role , and other members of the Inhuman Royal Family . A film from Marvel Studios based on the Inhumans began development in 2011 , before being announced in October 2014 for a November 2018 release as part of their Phase Three slate of films . The species was first introduced to the MCU in the second season of Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , and the film was subsequently removed from Marvel Studios ' release schedule in April 2016 . Inhumans was announced in November , to be partly filmed on IMAX digital cameras and to be the first live-action television series to debut on IMAX screens . Buck joined the series the next month . Mount was cast in February 2017 , with Iwan Rheon , Serinda Swan , Eme Ikwuakor , Isabelle Cornish , Ken Leung , Ellen Woglom , Sonya Balmores , and Mike Moh also starring in the series . Filming began in March 2017 , at the former Naval Air Station Barbers Point airfield in Kalaeloa , Hawaii .   Inhumans is set to debut on IMAX screens on September 1 , 2017 , and run for two weeks , before premiering on ABC on September 22 , and airing eight episodes .


query: Jessica Chastain has won a Golden Globe award.

document: Jessica Michelle Chastain -LRB- born March 24 , 1977 -RRB- is an American actress and film producer . Born in Carmichael , California , and raised in Sacramento , Chastain developed an interest in acting from a young age . In 1998 , she made her professional stage debut as Shakespeare 's Juliet . After studying acting at the Juilliard School , she was signed to a talent holding deal with the television producer John Wells . She was a recurring guest star in several television shows , including Law & Order : Trial by Jury . She also took on roles in the stage productions of Anton Chekhov 's play The Cherry Orchard in 2004 and Oscar Wilde 's tragedy Salome in 2006 .   Chastain made her film debut in the drama Jolene -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , and gained wide recognition in 2011 for starring roles in half a dozen films , including the dramas Take Shelter and The Tree of Life . Her performance as an aspiring socialite in The Help earned her an Academy Award nomination . In 2012 , she won a Golden Globe Award and received a second Oscar nomination for playing a CIA agent in the thriller Zero Dark Thirty . Chastain made her Broadway debut in a revival of The Heiress in the same year . Her highest-grossing releases came with the science fiction films Interstellar -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and The Martian -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , as she continued to draw praise for her performances in the dramas The Disappearance of Eleanor Rigby -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , A Most Violent Year -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and Miss Sloane -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .   Chastain 's accolades include two Academy Award and British Academy Film Award nominations . She is known to prepare extensively for her roles . Chastain is the founder of the production company Freckle Films , which was created to promote diversity in film . She is vocal about social issues such as gender and racial equality , and mental health . Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2012 .


query: Frank Ocean is an entertainer.

document: Christopher Francis `` Frank '' Ocean -LRB- born Christopher Edwin Breaux ; October 28 , 1987 -RRB- , is an American singer , songwriter , and rapper . Known for his idiosyncratic musical style , Ocean first embarked on a career as a ghostwriter , and in 2010 he became a member of hip hop collective Odd Future . He released his breakout mixtape , Nostalgia , Ultra , to critical acclaim in 2011 . It generated his first charting single `` Novacane '' . In 2012 , Ocean finished in second place in BBC 's Sound of 2012 poll .   His debut studio album , Channel Orange , was released in July 2012 to critical acclaim and reached No. 2 on the Billboard 200 . It was promoted with three singles : `` Thinkin Bout You '' , `` Pyramids '' and `` Sweet Life '' . In 2016 , Ocean released the visual album Endless alongside his second studio album Blonde , following several years of delays . Blonde was acclaimed by critics , and debuted at number one in the United States and the United Kingdom .


query: The phrase cult film was used to describe the culture that surrounded underground films.

document: A cult film , also commonly referred to as a cult classic , is a film that has acquired a cult following . Cult films are known for their dedicated , passionate fanbase , an elaborate subculture that engage in repeated viewings , quoting dialogue , and audience participation . Inclusive definitions allow for major studio productions , especially box office bombs , while exclusive definitions focus more on obscure , transgressive films shunned by the mainstream . The difficulty in defining the term and subjectivity of what qualifies as a cult film mirror classificatory disputes about art . The term cult film itself was first used in the 1970s to describe the culture that surrounded underground films and midnight movies , though cult was in common use in film analysis for decades prior to that .   Cult films trace their origin back to controversial and suppressed films kept alive by dedicated fans . In some cases , reclaimed or rediscovered films have acquired cult followings decades after their original release , occasionally for their camp value . Other cult films have since become well-respected or reassessed as classics ; there is debate as to whether these popular and accepted films are still cult films . After failing in the cinema , some cult films have become regular fixtures on cable television or profitable sellers on home video . Others have inspired their own film festivals . Cult films can both appeal to specific subcultures and form their own subcultures . Other media that reference cult films can easily identify which demographics they desire to attract and offer savvy fans an opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge .   Cult films frequently break cultural taboos , and many feature excessive displays of violence , gore , sexuality , profanity , or combinations thereof . This can lead to controversy , censorship , and outright bans ; less transgressive films may attract similar amounts of controversy when critics call them frivolous or incompetent . Films that fail to attract requisite amounts of controversy may face resistance when labeled as cult films . Mainstream films and big budget blockbusters have attracted cult followings similar to more underground and lesser known films ; fans of these films often emphasize the films ' niche appeal and reject the more popular aspects . Fans who like the films for the wrong reasons , such as perceived elements that represent mainstream appeal and marketing , will often be ostracized or ridiculed . Likewise , fans who stray from accepted subcultural scripts may experience similar rejection .   Since the late 1970s , cult films have become increasingly popular . Films that once would have been limited to obscure cult followings are now capable of breaking into the mainstream , and showings of cult films have proved to be a profitable business venture . Overbroad usage of the term has resulted in controversy , as purists state it has become a meaningless descriptor applied to any film that is the slightest bit weird or unconventional ; others accuse Hollywood studios of trying to artificially create cult films or use the term as a marketing tactic . Films are frequently stated to be an `` instant cult classic '' now , occasionally before they are released . Fickle fans on the Internet have latched on to unreleased films only to abandon them later on release . At the same time , other films have acquired massive , quick cult followings , thanks to spreading virally through social media . Easy access to cult films via video on demand and peer-to-peer file sharing has led some critics to pronounce the death of cult films .


query: Hungary shares a border with Austria.

document: Hungary -LRB- -LSB- ˈhʌŋɡəri -RSB- Magyarország -LSB- ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ -RSB- -RRB- is a unitary parliamentary republic in Central Europe . It covers an area of 93,030 km2 , situated in the Carpathian Basin , and is bordered by Slovakia to the north , Romania to the east , Serbia to the south , Croatia to the southwest , Slovenia to the west , Austria to the northwest , and Ukraine to the northeast . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest metropolis is Budapest , a significant economic hub , classified as a global city . Major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr .   Following centuries of successive habitation by Celts , Romans , Slavs , Gepids and Avars , the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád in the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended to the throne in 1000 , converting the country to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a middle power within the Western world , reaching a golden age by the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 and about 150 years of partial Ottoman occupation -LRB- 1541 -- 1699 -RRB- , Hungary came under Habsburg rule , and later formed the great power Austro -- Hungarian Empire together with Austria .   Hungary 's current borders were established in 1920 by the Treaty of Trianon after World War I , when the country lost 71 % of its territory , 58 % of its population , and 32 % of ethnic Hungarians . Following the interwar period , Hungary joined the Axis Powers in World War II , suffering significant damage and casualties . Hungary became a satellite state of the Soviet Union , which contributed to the establishment of a four-decade-long communist dictatorship -LRB- 1947 -- 1989 -RRB- . The country gained widespread international attention regarding the Revolution of 1956 and the seminal opening of its previously-restricted border with Austria in 1989 , which accelerated the collapse of the Eastern Bloc . On 23 October 1989 , Hungary again became a democratic parliamentary republic .   In the 21st century , Hungary is a middle power and has the world 's 57th largest economy by nominal GDP , as well as the 58th largest by PPP , out of 188 countries measured by the IMF . As a substantial actor in several industrial and technological sectors , it is both the world 's 36th largest exporter and importer of goods . Hungary is a high-income economy with a very high standard of living . It keeps up a social security and universal health care system , and a tuition-free university education . Hungary performs well in international rankings : it is 20th in quality of life , 25th in inequality-adjusted human development , 32nd in the Social Progress Index , and ranks as the 19th safest country in the world .   Hungary joined the European Union in 2004 and has been part of the Schengen Area since 2007 . Hungary is a member of the United Nations , NATO , WTO , World Bank , the AIIB , the Council of Europe and Visegrád Group . Well known for its rich cultural history , Hungary has contributed significantly to arts , music , literature , sports and science and technology . Hungary is the 11th most popular country as a tourist destination in Europe , attracting 14.3 million international tourists in 2015 . It is home to the largest thermal water cave system , the second largest thermal lake in the world , the largest lake in Central Europe , and the largest natural grasslands in Europe .


query: In 1976, Meryl Streep was nominated for a Tony.

document: Mary Louise `` Meryl '' Streep -LRB- born June 22 , 1949 -RRB- is an American actress and philanthropist . Cited in the media as the `` best actress of her generation '' , -- a designation to which she objects -- Streep is particularly known for her versatility in her roles , transformation into the characters she plays , and her accent adaptation . Nominated for 20 Academy Awards , Streep has more nominations than any other actor , and is one of the six actors to have won three or more competitive Oscars for acting . Streep has also received 30 Golden Globe nominations , winning eight -- more nominations , and more competitive wins than any other actor .   Streep made her professional stage debut in Trelawny of the Wells in 1975 , and in 1976 received a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Play for 27 Wagons Full of Cotton . She made her screen debut in the 1977 television film The Deadliest Season , and made her film debut later that same year in Julia . In 1978 , she won an Emmy Award for her role in the miniseries Holocaust , and received her first Academy Award nomination for The Deer Hunter . She went on to win Best Supporting Actress for Kramer vs. Kramer -LRB- 1979 -RRB- , and Best Actress for Sophie 's Choice -LRB- 1982 -RRB- and The Iron Lady -LRB- 2011 -RRB- .   Streep 's other Oscar nominated roles were in The French Lieutenant 's Woman -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , Silkwood -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , Out of Africa -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , Ironweed -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Evil Angels -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , Postcards from the Edge -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , The Bridges of Madison County -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , One True Thing -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , Music of the Heart -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , Adaptation -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , The Devil Wears Prada -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Doubt -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Julie & Julia -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , August : Osage County -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , Into the Woods -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and Florence Foster Jenkins -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . She returned to the stage for the first time in over 20 years in The Public Theater 's 2001 revival of The Seagull , won a second Emmy Award in 2004 for the HBO miniseries Angels in America -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , and starred in The Public Theater 's 2006 production of Mother Courage and Her Children .   Streep was awarded the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2004 , the Gala Tribute from the Film Society of Lincoln Center in 2008 , and the Kennedy Center Honor in 2011 for her contribution to American culture through performing arts . President Barack Obama awarded her the 2010 National Medal of Arts and in 2014 the Presidential Medal of Freedom . In 2003 , the government of France made her a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters . In 2017 , Streep was awarded the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award .


query: Oliver Reed was in Tommy.

document: Robert Oliver Reed -LRB- 13 February 1938 -- 2 May 1999 -RRB- was an English actor known for his upper-class , macho image , hellraiser lifestyle , and `` tough guy '' roles . Notable films include The Trap -LRB- 1966 -RRB- , Oliver ! -LRB- 1968 -RRB- , Women in Love -LRB- 1969 -RRB- , Hannibal Brooks -LRB- 1969 -RRB- , The Devils -LRB- 1971 -RRB- , The Three Musketeers -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , Tommy -LRB- 1975 -RRB- , Lion of the Desert -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , Castaway -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , The Adventures of Baron Munchausen -LRB- 1988 -RRB- and Funny Bones -LRB- 1995 -RRB- . For Gladiator -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , his final film , Reed was posthumously nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role .   At the peak of his career , in 1971 , British exhibitors voted Reed 5th most popular star at the box office .


query: HBO on-demand was the broadcast medium for the pilot of The Night Of.

document: The Night Of is an American eight-part crime drama television miniseries based on Criminal Justice , a 2008 -- 09 British television series . The miniseries was written by Richard Price and Steven Zaillian and directed by Zaillian and James Marsh . Broadcast on HBO , The Night Of premiered on July 10 , 2016 to critical acclaim . The first episode premiered on June 24 , 2016 , via HBO on-demand .


query: Dwayne Wade played for an NBA team.

document: Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. -LRB- -LSB- dweɪn -RSB- ; born January 17 , 1982 -RRB- is an American professional basketball player for the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- . He has established himself as one of the most well-known and popular players in the league . Wade had the top-selling jersey in the NBA for nearly two years , leading the league in jersey sales from the 2005 NBA Playoffs , until the midpoint of the 2006 -- 07 season .   After a successful college career at Marquette , Wade was drafted fifth overall in the 2003 NBA draft by the Miami Heat . He was named to the All-Rookie team and the All-Star team the following twelve seasons . In his third season , Wade led the Heat to their first NBA championship in franchise history and was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP . At the 2008 Summer Olympics , Wade led the United States men 's basketball team , commonly known as the `` Redeem Team '' , in scoring , and helped them capture gold medal honors in Beijing , China . In the 2008 -- 09 season , Wade led the league in scoring and earned his first NBA scoring title . With LeBron James and Chris Bosh , Wade guided Miami to four consecutive NBA Finals from 2011 to 2014 , winning back-to-back championships in 2012 and 2013 . In 2016 , Wade departed the Heat in free agency to play for the Chicago Bulls .


query: Linux is computer software.

document: Linux -LRB- pronounced -LSB- - en audio = Linus-linux . oggˈlɪnəks -RSB- or , less frequently , -LSB- ˈlaɪnəks -RSB- -RRB- is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open-source software development and distribution . The defining component of Linux is the Linux kernel , an operating system kernel first released on September 17 , 1991 by Linus Torvalds . The Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to describe the operating system , which has led to some controversy .   Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture , but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system . Because of the dominance of Android on smartphones , Linux has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems . Linux is also the leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers , and is used on 99.6 % of the TOP500 supercomputers . It is used by around 2.3 % of desktop computers . The Chromebook , which runs the Linux kernel-based Chrome OS , dominates the US K -- 12 education market and represents nearly 20 % of the sub - $ 300 notebook sales in the US . Linux also runs on embedded systems -- devices whose operating system is typically built into the firmware and is highly tailored to the system . This includes TiVo and similar DVR devices , network routers , facility automation controls , televisions , video game consoles and smartwatches . Many smartphones and tablet computers run Android and other Linux derivatives .   The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open-source software collaboration . The underlying source code may be used , modified and distributedcommercially or non-commerciallyby anyone under the terms of its respective licenses , such as the GNU General Public License . Typically , Linux is packaged in a form known as a Linux distribution -LRB- or distro for short -RRB- for both desktop and server use . Some of the most popular mainstream Linux distributions are Arch Linux , CentOS , Debian , Fedora , Gentoo Linux , Linux Mint , Mageia , openSUSE and Ubuntu , together with commercial distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . Distributions include the Linux kernel , supporting utilities and libraries , many of which are provided by the GNU Project , and usually a large amount of application software to fulfil the distribution 's intended use .   Desktop Linux distributions include a windowing system , such as X11 , Mir or a Wayland implementation , and an accompanying desktop environment such as GNOME or the KDE Software Compilation ; some distributions may also include a less resource-intensive desktop , such as LXDE or Xfce . Distributions intended to run on servers may omit all graphical environments from the standard install , and instead include other software to set up and operate a solution stack such as LAMP . Because Linux is freely redistributable , anyone may create a distribution for any intended use .


query: Romelu Lukaku joined Chelsea during the 2011 summer transfer window.

document: Romelu Menama Lukaku -LRB- born 13 May 1993 -RRB- is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Premier League club Everton and the Belgium national team . He is one of only five players to score 50 Premier League goals before his 23rd birthday , and the first foreign player to score 80 before his 24th birthday .   Lukaku started his career with local side Rupel Boom , before joining Lierse , where he earned a move to Anderlecht of the Belgian Pro League in 2006 . Lukaku made his professional debut while still at school at the age of 16 , and became the 2009 -- 10 top scorer in Belgium as Anderlecht won the Belgian championship . He also won the Belgian Ebony Shoe in 2011 . In the 2011 summer transfer window , Lukaku joined Premier League club Chelsea . He did not appear regularly in his first season there , and spent the following two seasons on loan at West Bromwich Albion and Everton respectively , signing permanently for the latter for a club record # 28 million in 2014 .   Lukaku made his senior international debut for Belgium in 2010 , and has since earned over 50 caps . He has also represented the country at the 2014 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2016 .


query: Worcester, Massachusetts is 40 mi from the capital of Massachusetts.

document: Worcester -LRB- -LSB- ˈwʊstər -RSB- , -LSB- ˈwʊstə -RSB- -RRB- is a city and the county seat of Worcester County , Massachusetts , United States . Named after Worcester , England , as of the 2010 Census the city 's population was 181,045 , making it the second most populous city in New England after Boston . Worcester is located approximately 40 mi west of Boston , 50 mi east of Springfield and 40 mi north of Providence . Due to its location in Central Massachusetts , Worcester is known as the `` Heart of the Commonwealth '' , thus , a heart is the official symbol of the city . However , the heart symbol may also have its provenance in lore that the mass-produced Valentine 's Day card was invented in the city .   Worcester was considered its own region for centuries ; however , with the encroachment of Boston 's suburbs in the 1970s after the construction of Interstate 495 and Interstate 290 , it now marks the western periphery of the Boston-Worcester-Providence -LRB- MA-RI-NH -RRB- U.S. Census Combined Statistical Area -LRB- CSA -RRB- , or Greater Boston . The city features many examples of Victorian-era mill architecture .


query: Dr. Dre featured Snoop Dogg on his solo debut album.

document: Cordozar Calvin Broadus , Jr. -LRB- born October 20 , 1971 -RRB- , known professionally as Snoop Dogg -LRB- sometimes shortened to Snoop and formerly called Snoop Doggy Dogg and Snoop Lion -RRB- , is an American rapper and actor from Long Beach , California . His music career began in 1992 when he was discovered by Dr. Dre of N.W.A , and as a result was prominently featured throughout Dr. Dre 's solo debut album , The Chronic -LRB- 1992 -RRB- . He has since sold over twenty-three million albums in the United States and thirty-five million albums worldwide .   Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts . Selling almost a million copies in the first week of its release , Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' and `` Gin & Juice '' . In 1994 Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . His second album Tha Doggfather -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , also debuted at number one on both charts with `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , as the lead single . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 .   After leaving Death Row Records , Snoop signed with No Limit Records , where he recorded his next three albums . Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , No Limit Top Dogg -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , and Tha Last Meal -LRB- 2000 -RRB- . Snoop then signed with Priority/Capitol/EMI Records in 2002 , where he released Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss . He then signed with Geffen Records in 2004 for his next three albums R&G -LRB- Rhythm & Gangsta -RRB- : The Masterpiece , Tha Blue Carpet Treatment , and Ego Trippin ' . Malice 'n Wonderland -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , and Doggumentary -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , were released on Priority . Snoop Dogg has starred in motion pictures and hosted several television shows , including Doggy Fizzle Televizzle , Snoop Dogg 's Father Hood , and Dogg After Dark . He also coaches a youth football league and high school football team . In September 2009 , Snoop was hired by EMI as the chairman of a reactivated Priority Records .   In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion . Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated , and a documentary film of the same name , of his Jamaican experience , in early 2013 . His fourteenth solo studio album , Coolaid , was released in July 2016 .   Snoop Dogg holds the dubious distinction of having seventeen Grammy nominations without a win .   In March 2016 , the night before WrestleMania 32 in Arlington , Texas , Snoop was inducted into the celebrity wing of the WWE Hall of Fame having made several appearances for the company , including as Master of Ceremonies during a match at Wrestlemania XXIV .


query: There are six FA cups and a Charity Shield award under the name Newcastle United F.C.

document: Newcastle United Football Club is an English professional association football club based in Newcastle upon Tyne , that will play in the Premier League , the top tier of English football , after winning the Championship title in 2017 . Newcastle United was founded in 1892 by the merger of Newcastle East End and Newcastle West End , and has played at its current home ground , St James ' Park , ever since . The ground was developed into an all-seater stadium in the mid-1990s and now has a capacity of 52,354 . The club has been a member of the Premier League for all but three years of the competition 's history , spending 85 seasons in the top tier as of May 2016 , and has never dropped below English football 's second tier since joining the Football League in 1893 .   They have won four League Championship titles , six FA Cups and a Charity Shield , as well as the 1969 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup . Newcastle United has the ninth highest total of trophies won by an English club . The club 's most successful period was between 1904 and 1910 , when they won an FA Cup and three of their First Division titles . The club were highly successful in the Premier League in the 1990s and early 2000s without winning any trophies , but have been mostly struggling since the 2006 -- 07 season , and were relegated in 2009 and 2016 .   Newcastle has a fierce local rivalry with Sunderland , and the two clubs have engaged in the Tyne -- Wear derby since 1898 . The club 's traditional kit colours are black and white striped shirts , black shorts and black socks . Their traditional crest takes elements of the city coat of arms , which features two grey seahorses .   The club has been owned by Mike Ashley since 2007 , succeeding long term chairman and owner Sir John Hall . The club is the seventeenth highest revenue producing club in the world in terms of annual revenue , generating $ 169.3 m in 2015 . Historically , Newcastle 's highest placing was in 1999 when they were the fifth highest revenue producing football club in the world , and second in England only behind Manchester United .


query: Imagine Dragons have the single "It's Time" on their Night Visions album.

document: Imagine Dragons is an American rock band from Las Vegas , Nevada , consisting of lead vocalist Dan Reynolds , lead guitarist Wayne Sermon , bassist Ben McKee , and drummer Daniel Platzman . The band first gained exposure in 2012 with the releases of their debut studio album Night Visions and its first single `` It 's Time '' . Billboard placed them at the top of their `` Year In Rock '' rankings for 2013 , and named them their `` Breakthrough Band of 2013 '' . Rolling Stone named their single `` Radioactive '' from Night Visions the `` biggest rock hit of the year '' , and MTV called them `` the year 's biggest breakout band '' . Night Visions peaked at number two on the weekly US Billboard 200 chart and the UK Albums Chart . The band 's second studio album Smoke + Mirrors was released in 2015 , and reached number one in the US , Canada and the UK .   Imagine Dragons has won two American Music Awards for Favorite Alternative Artist , a Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance , five Billboard Music Awards , and a World Music Award . In May 2014 , the band was nominated for a total of fourteen different Billboard Music Awards , including Top Artist of the Year and a Milestone Award , which recognizes innovation and creativity of artists across different genres . As of January 2017 , Imagine Dragons have sold 9 million albums and 27 million singles worldwide .


query: Amoxicillin can be taken orally.

document: Amoxicillin also spelled amoxycillin , is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections . It is the first line treatment for middle ear infections . It may also be used for strep throat , pneumonia , skin infections , and urinary tract infections among others . It is taken by mouth , or less commonly by injection .   Common side effects include nausea and rash . It may also increase the risk of yeast infections and , when used in combination with clavulanic acid , diarrhea . It should not be used in those who are allergic to penicillin . While usable in those with kidney problems , the dose may need to be decreased . Its use in pregnancy and breastfeeding does not appear to be harmful .   Amoxicillin was discovered in 1958 and came into medical use in 1972 . It is on the World Health Organization 's List of Essential Medicines , the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system . It is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in children . Amoxicillin is available as a generic medication . It has a wholesale cost in the developing world of between 0.02 and 0.05 USD per pill . In the United States ten days of treatment costs about 16 USD .


query: Spain has territory next to Morocco.

document: Spain -LRB- España -LSB- esˈpaɲa -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Kingdom of Spain -LRB- -LSB- Reino de España , links = no -RSB- -RRB- , is a sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe , with two large archipelagoes , the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast , two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast . Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . It is the only European country to have a border with an African country -LRB- Morocco -RRB- and its African territory accounts for nearly 5 % of its population , mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla .   With an area of 505990 km2 , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Bilbao and Málaga .   Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Span or Spania . In the Middle Ages , the area was conquered by Germanic tribes and later by the Moors . Spain emerged as a unified country in the 15th century , following the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs and the completion of the eight centuries-long reconquest , or Reconquista from the Moors in 1492 . In the early modern period , Spain became one of history 's first global colonial empires , leaving a vast cultural and linguistic legacy that includes over 500 million Spanish speakers , making Spanish the world 's second most spoken first language , after Mandarin Chinese .   Spain is a democracy organised in the form of a parliamentary government under a constitutional monarchy . It is a middle power and a major developed country with the world 's fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing power parity . It is a member of the United Nations -LRB- UN -RRB- , the European Union -LRB- EU -RRB- , the Eurozone , the Council of Europe -LRB- CoE -RRB- , the Organization of Ibero-American States -LRB- OEI -RRB- , the North Atlantic Treaty Organization -LRB- NATO -RRB- , the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development -LRB- OECD -RRB- , the World Trade Organization -LRB- WTO -RRB- and many other international organisations .


query: Stars Are Blind had the producer Garibay.

document: `` Stars Are Blind '' is the debut single recorded by American recording artist Paris Hilton . It was released as the lead single from her debut album Paris on June 5 , 2006 . The song was written by Fernando Garibay , Sheppard Solomon and Ralph McCarthy , and produced by Garibay with additional production by Solomon . `` Stars Are Blind '' is a mid-tempo reggae song strongly influenced by contemporary R&B .   `` Stars Are Blind '' was well received by music critics . It peaked at number 18 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart .   A remix featuring reggaeton singers Wisin y Yandel was released in Latin America , receiving heavy airplay and achieving club success in countries like Colombia , Ecuador , Chile and Venezuela .


query: David Thewlis has performed.

document: David Thewlis -LRB- born David Wheeler ; born 20 March 1963 -RRB- is an English actor , director , screenwriter , author . His most commercially successful role to date has been that of Remus Lupin in the Harry Potter film series . Other notable performances include the films Naked -LRB- for which he won the Best Actor award at Cannes Film Festival -RRB- , Dragonheart , Kingdom of Heaven , The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas , The Theory of Everything , Black Beauty , and Macbeth -LRB- in which he played King Duncan -RRB- . He will play Ares in Wonder Woman . He has also done voice work in the films James and the Giant Peach -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , The Miracle Maker -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , and Anomalisa -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , and is additionally known for the role of Cyrus Crabb in the TV mini series Dinotopia .


query: Logan Lerman was in a 2014 American epic biblical drama movie.

document: Logan Wade Lerman -LRB- born January 19 , 1992 -RRB- is an American actor , known for playing the title role in the fantasy-adventure Percy Jackson films . He appeared in commercials in the mid-1990s , before starring in the series Jack & Bobby -LRB- 2004 -- 2005 -RRB- and the movies The Butterfly Effect -LRB- 2004 -RRB- and Hoot -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . Lerman gained further recognition for his roles in the western 3:10 to Yuma , the thriller The Number 23 , the comedy Meet Bill , and 2009 's Gamer and My One and Only . He subsequently played d'Artagnan in 2011 's The Three Musketeers , starred in the coming-of-age dramas The Perks of Being a Wallflower -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Indignation -LRB- 2016 -RRB- and Sidney Hall -LRB- 2017 -RRB- , and had major roles in the 2014 films Noah and Fury .


query: Katherine Heigl acted in a TV show.

document: Katherine Marie Heigl -LRB- -LSB- ˈhaɪɡəl -RSB- born November 24 , 1978 -RRB- is an American actress , film producer and former fashion model . She started her career as a child model with Wilhelmina Models before turning her attention to acting . She made her film debut in That Night -LRB- 1992 -RRB- and later appeared in My Father the Hero -LRB- 1994 -RRB- as well as Under Siege 2 : Dark Territory -LRB- 1995 -RRB- . From 1999 to 2002 , Heigl co-starred as Isabel Evans on the television series Roswell .   Heigl played Izzie Stevens on the ABC medical drama Grey 's Anatomy from 2005 to 2010 , a role for which she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2007 . Heigl has also had a prominent film career , with appearances in Knocked Up -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , 27 Dresses -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , The Ugly Truth -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , Killers -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Life As We Know It -LRB- 2010 -RRB- and New Year 's Eve -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . She played the lead role on the short-lived NBC television series State of Affairs from 2014 to 2015 .   Additionally , she has established herself as a cover model , appearing in numerous publications including Maxim , Vanity Fair and Cosmopolitan . Heigl is married to singer Josh Kelley , with whom she has one son and two adopted daughters .


query: Pirates of the Caribbean (film series) had a successful film.

document: Pirates of the Caribbean is a series of fantasy swashbuckler films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and based on Walt Disney 's theme park ride of the same name .   Directors of the series include Gore Verbinski -LRB- 1 -- 3 -RRB- , Rob Marshall -LRB- 4 -RRB- , and Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg -LRB- 5 -RRB- . The series is primarily written by Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio -LRB- 1 -- 4 -RRB- ; other writers include Stuart Beattie -LRB- 1 -RRB- , Jay Wolpert -LRB- 1 -RRB- , and Jeff Nathanson -LRB- 5 -RRB- . The stories follow the adventures of Captain Jack Sparrow -LRB- Johnny Depp -RRB- , Will Turner -LRB- Orlando Bloom -RRB- , and Elizabeth Swann -LRB- Keira Knightley -RRB- . Characters such as Hector Barbossa -LRB- Geoffrey Rush -RRB- and Joshamee Gibbs -LRB- Kevin McNally -RRB- follow Jack , Will , and Elizabeth in the course of the films . The fourth film features Blackbeard -LRB- Ian McShane -RRB- and Angelica -LRB- Penélope Cruz -RRB- , while the fifth film features Armando Salazar -LRB- Javier Bardem -RRB- , Henry Turner -LRB- Brenton Thwaites -RRB- and Carina Smyth -LRB- Kaya Scodelario -RRB- . The films take place in a fictional historical setting ; a world ruled by the British Empire , the East India Trading Company -LRB- based on the real East India Company -RRB- , and the Spanish Empire , with pirates representing freedom from the ruling powers .   The film series started in 2003 with Pirates of the Caribbean : The Curse of the Black Pearl , which received positive reviews from the critics and grossed US$ 654 million worldwide . After the first film 's success , Walt Disney Pictures revealed that a trilogy was in the works . The franchise 's second film , subtitled Dead Man 's Chest , was released three years later in 2006 ; the sequel proved successful , breaking financial records worldwide the day of its premiere . Dead Man 's Chest ended up being the number one film of the year upon earning almost $ 1.1 billion at the worldwide box office . The third film in the series , subtitled At World 's End , followed in 2007 , and Disney released a fourth film , subtitled On Stranger Tides , in 2011 in conventional 2D , Digital 3-D and IMAX 3D . On Stranger Tides succeeded in also grossing more than $ 1 billion , becoming the second film in the franchise and only the eighth film in history to achieve this .   So far , the film franchise has grossed $ 4 billion worldwide ; it is the ninth highest-grossing film series of all-time and it was the first franchise where more than one film grossed $ 1 billion worldwide .


query: Ileana D'Cruz starred in a movie.

document: Nanban -LRB- English : Friend -RRB- is a 2012 Indian Tamil coming-of-age comedy film directed by Shankar . It is a remake of Rajkumar Hirani 's 3 Idiots -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , which itself was adapted from the novel Five Point Someone -- What not to do at IIT ! by Chetan Bhagat . The film features an ensemble cast that includes Vijay , Jiiva , Srikanth , Ileana D'Cruz , Sathyan and Sathyaraj .   The plot of the film illustrates the embankment of two friends on a quest for a lost buddy , who was once an optimistic and successful student . On their journey , they recount their college life and special moments that the three shared up until their lost friend secretly parted ways after convocation . During their quest , the two encounter a rival classmate who once made a long forgotten bet with them , a funeral that goes impossibly out of control , and a wedding they must crash .   The film 's soundtrack and background score were composed by Harris Jayaraj and cinematography was handled by Manoj Paramahamsa . The film was produced by Gemini Film Circuit , who had purchased the remake rights of 3 Idiots in early 2010 . A lengthy and controversial delay in casting delayed filming by a year . Filming took place for a total of eight months in various locations in Europe and India . The film was released on 12 January 2012 and received critical acclaim and eventually became a average grosser at the box office . Its dubbed version in Telugu , Snehithudu , released on 26 January 2012 in Andhra Pradesh to positive reviews . The film was also screened at the Melbourne Film Festival .


query: Planet of the Apes (1968 film) was written by Rod Serling.

document: Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner . It stars Charlton Heston , Roddy McDowall , Kim Hunter , Maurice Evans , James Whitmore , James Daly and Linda Harrison . The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel La Planète des Singes by Pierre Boulle . Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score . It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973 , all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox .   The film tells the story of an astronaut crew who crash-land on a strange planet in the distant future . Although the planet appears desolate at first , the surviving crew members stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech . The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are mute creatures wearing animal skins .   The script was originally written by Rod Serling , but underwent many rewrites before filming eventually began . Directors J. Lee Thompson and Blake Edwards were approached , but the film 's producer Arthur P. Jacobs , upon the recommendation of Charlton Heston , chose Franklin J. Schaffner to direct the film . Schaffner 's changes included an ape society less advanced -- and therefore less expensive to depict -- than that of the original novel . Filming took place between May 21 and August 10 , 1967 , in California , Utah and Arizona , with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell , Glen Canyon National Recreation Area . The film 's final `` closed '' cost was $ 5.8 million .   The film was released on February 8 , 1968 , in the United States and was a commercial success , earning a lifetime domestic gross of $ 32.6 million . The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers and was well received by critics and audiences , launching a film franchise , including four sequels , as well as a short-lived television show , animated series , comic books , and various merchandising . In particular , Roddy McDowall had a long-running relationship with the Apes series , appearing in four of the original five films -LRB- absent , apart from a brief voiceover , from the second film of the series , Beneath the Planet of the Apes , in which he was replaced by David Watson in the role of Cornelius -RRB- , and also in the television series .   The original series was followed by Tim Burton 's remake Planet of the Apes in 2001 and the reboot Rise of the Planet of the Apes in 2011 . Also in 2001 , Planet of the Apes was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .


query: Nick Nolte acts professionally.

document: Nicholas King Nolte -LRB- born February 8 , 1941 -RRB- is an American actor and former model . He won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for the 1991 film The Prince of Tides . He went on to receive Academy Award nominations for Affliction -LRB- 1998 -RRB- and Warrior -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . His other film appearances include The Deep -LRB- 1977 -RRB- , 48 Hrs . -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , Down and Out in Beverly Hills -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , Another 48 Hrs . -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , Everybody Wins -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , Cape Fear -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , Lorenzo 's Oil -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , The Thin Red Line -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , Hulk -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , The Good Thief -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , Hotel Rwanda -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Tropic Thunder -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , A Walk in the Woods -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and The Ridiculous 6 -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . He was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Television Series Musical or Comedy for his role in the TV series Graves -LRB- 2016 -- present -RRB- .


query: Jane Fonda and Martin Sheen worked together in a television show.

document: Jane Fonda -LRB- born Jayne Seymour Fonda ; December 21 , 1937 -RRB- is an American actress , writer , political activist , former fashion model and fitness guru . She is a two-time Academy Award winner and two time BAFTA Award winner . In 2014 , she was the recipient of the American Film Institute AFI Life Achievement Award .   Fonda made her Broadway debut in the 1960 play There Was a Little Girl , for which she received the first of two Tony Award nominations , and made her screen debut later the same year in Tall Story . She rose to fame in 1960s films such as Period of Adjustment -LRB- 1962 -RRB- , Sunday in New York -LRB- 1963 -RRB- , Cat Ballou -LRB- 1965 -RRB- , Barefoot in the Park -LRB- 1967 -RRB- and Barbarella -LRB- 1968 -RRB- . Her first husband was Barbarella director Roger Vadim . A seven-time Academy Award nominee , she received her first nomination for They Shoot Horses , Do n't They -LRB- 1969 -RRB- and went on to win two Best Actress Oscars in the 1970s for Klute -LRB- 1971 -RRB- and Coming Home -LRB- 1978 -RRB- . Her other nominations were for Julia -LRB- 1977 -RRB- , The China Syndrome -LRB- 1979 -RRB- , On Golden Pond -LRB- 1981 -RRB- and The Morning After -LRB- 1986 -RRB- . Her other major competitive awards include an Emmy Award for the 1984 TV film The Dollmaker , two BAFTA Awards for Julia and The China Syndrome and four Golden Globe Awards .   In 1982 , she released her first exercise video , Jane Fonda 's Workout , which became the highest-selling video of the time . It would be the first of 22 workout videos released by her over the next 13 years which would collectively sell over 17 million copies . Divorced from second husband Tom Hayden , she married billionaire media mogul Ted Turner in 1991 and retired from acting . Fonda was divorced from Turner in 2001 . She returned to acting with her first film in 15 years , the 2005 comedy Monster in Law . Subsequent films have included Georgia Rule -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , The Butler -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , This Is Where I Leave You -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and Youth -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . In 2009 , she returned to Broadway after a 45-year absence , in the play 33 Variations , which earned her a Tony Award nomination , while her recurring role in the HBO drama series The Newsroom -LRB- 2012-2014 -RRB- , has earned her two Emmy Award nominations . She also released another five exercise videos between 2010 and 2012 . She stars with Lily Tomlin , Sam Waterston and Martin Sheen in the Netflix original series Grace and Frankie , which premiered in 2015 .   Fonda was a visible political activist in the counterculture era during the Vietnam War and later became involved in advocacy for women . She was famously and controversially photographed sitting on an anti-aircraft gun on a 1972 visit to Hanoi . She has also protested the Iraq War and violence against women , and describes herself as a feminist . In 2005 , she , Robin Morgan and Gloria Steinem co-founded the Women 's Media Center , an organization that works to amplify the voices of women in the media through advocacy , media and leadership training , and the creation of original content . Fonda serves on the board of the organization .


query: George R. R. Martin was born in the first half of the 20th century.

document: The 20th century was a century that began on   January 1 , 1901 and ended on December 31 , 2000 . It was the tenth and final century of the 2nd millennium . It is distinct from the century known as the 1900s which began on January 1 , 1900 , and ended on December 31 , 1999 .   The 20th century was dominated by a chain of events that heralded significant changes in world history as to redefine the era : World War I and World War II , nuclear power and space exploration , nationalism and decolonization , the Cold War and post-Cold War conflicts ; intergovernmental organizations and cultural homogenization through developments in emerging transportation and communications technology ; poverty reduction and world population growth , awareness of environmental degradation , ecological extinction ; and the birth of the Digital Revolution . It saw great advances in communication and medical technology that by the late 1980s allowed for near-instantaneous worldwide computer communication and genetic modification of life . The term `` short twentieth century '' was coined to represent the events from 1914 to 1991 .   Global total fertility rates , sea level rise and ecological collapses increased ; the resulting competition for land and dwindling resources accelerated deforestation , water depletion . and the mass extinction of half the world 's estimated nine million unique species and wildlife population ; consequences which are now being dealt with . It took all of human history up to 1804 for the world 's population to reach 1 billion ; world population reached an estimated 2 billion in 1927 ; by late 1999 , the global population reached 6 billion . Global literacy averaged 80 % ; global lifespan-averages exceeded 40 + years for the first time in history , with over half achieving 70 + years -LRB- three decades longer than it was a century ago -RRB- .


query: Love & Mercy (film) features a portrayal of Brian Wilson.

document: Love & Mercy -LRB- stylized as love & mercy -RRB- is a 2014 American biographical drama film directed and co-produced by Bill Pohlad , co-produced by Claire Rudnick-Polstein and John Wells and written by Michael Alan Lerner and Oren Moverman . The film , deriving its title from the 1988 song by Wilson , focuses on musician-songwriter Brian Wilson , co-founder of the Beach Boys , during the 1960s and 1980s , presenting the film in a nonlinear narrative . Paul Dano and John Cusack star as the young and middle-aged Wilson , respectively , with Elizabeth Banks as Wilson 's second wife Melinda Ledbetter , and Paul Giamatti as Wilson 's psychotherapist Dr. Eugene Landy .   The film premiered in the Special Presentations section of the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2014 and was released by Lionsgate and Roadside Attractions on June 5 , 2015 . It grossed $ 28.6 million over a $ 10 million budget , a moderate commercial success , and received critical acclaim from reviewers , lauded for its unorthodox style , original score by Atticus Ross , Dano 's performance as Wilson in the 1960s , and scenes that closely recreated Wilson 's advanced studio recording methods during the making of Pet Sounds -LRB- 1966 -RRB- . Wilson -- who had little involvement during development -- praised the film for being `` very factual . '' It was nominated for two Golden Globes : Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture -LRB- Paul Dano -RRB- and Best Original Song -LRB- `` One Kind of Love '' -RRB- .


query: Laura Linney worked in live theatre.

document: Broadway theatre , Although theater is the generally preferred spelling in the United States -LRB- see American and British English spelling differences -RRB- , many Broadway venues , performers and trade groups for live dramatic presentations use the spelling theatre . commonly known as Broadway , refers to the theatrical performances presented in the 41 professional theatres with 500 or more seats located in the Theater District and Lincoln Center along Broadway , in Midtown Manhattan , New York City . Along with London 's West End theatre , Broadway theatre is widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world .   The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City . According to The Broadway League , for the 2016 -- 2017 season -LRB- which ended May 21 , 2017 -RRB- , total attendance was 13,270,343 and Broadway shows had US$ 1,449,399,149 in grosses , with attendance down 0.4 % , grosses up 5.5 % , and playing weeks down 4.1 % .   The great majority of Broadway shows are musicals . Historian Martin Shefter argues , '' ` Broadway musicals , ' culminating in the productions of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein , became enormously influential forms of American popular culture '' and helped make New York City the cultural capital of the nation .


query: Frank Ocean was in a poll.

document: Christopher Francis `` Frank '' Ocean -LRB- born Christopher Edwin Breaux ; October 28 , 1987 -RRB- , is an American singer , songwriter , and rapper . Known for his idiosyncratic musical style , Ocean first embarked on a career as a ghostwriter , and in 2010 he became a member of hip hop collective Odd Future . He released his breakout mixtape , Nostalgia , Ultra , to critical acclaim in 2011 . It generated his first charting single `` Novacane '' . In 2012 , Ocean finished in second place in BBC 's Sound of 2012 poll .   His debut studio album , Channel Orange , was released in July 2012 to critical acclaim and reached No. 2 on the Billboard 200 . It was promoted with three singles : `` Thinkin Bout You '' , `` Pyramids '' and `` Sweet Life '' . In 2016 , Ocean released the visual album Endless alongside his second studio album Blonde , following several years of delays . Blonde was acclaimed by critics , and debuted at number one in the United States and the United Kingdom .


query: Gwen Stefani works in the music industry.

document: Billboard -LRB- stylized as billboard -RRB- is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group , a division of Eldridge Industries . It publishes pieces involving news , video , opinion , reviews , events and style . It is also known for its music charts , including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200 , tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres . It also hosts events , owns a publishing firm , and operates several TV shows . Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters . Donaldson later acquired Hennegen 's interest in 1900 for $ 500 .   In the 1900s , it covered the entertainment industry , such as circuses , fairs and burlesque shows . It also created a mail service for travelling entertainers . Billboard began focusing more on the music industry as the jukebox , phonograph and radio became commonplace . Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines , including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music . After Donaldson died in 1925 , Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegan 's children , until it was sold to private investors in 1985 , and has since been owned by various parties .


query: David Carradine had an acting career.

document: David Carradine -LRB- born John Arthur Carradine ; December 8 , 1936 -- June 3 , 2009 -RRB- was an American actor and martial artist . He was known for his leading role as a peace-loving Shaolin monk , Kwai Chang Caine , in the 1970s television series Kung Fu . He was also known for playing Frankenstein in the original Death Race movie and Bill in both Kill Bill films .   He was a member of an acting family that began with his father , John Carradine . Carradine 's acting career , which included major and minor roles on stage and television , and in cinema , spanned over four decades . A prolific `` B '' movie actor , he appeared in more than 100 feature films in career spanning over sixty years . He was nominated for four Golden Globe Awards , for projects such as the television series Kung Fu -LRB- 1972 -- 1975 -RRB- , the Woody Guthrie biopic Bound for Glory -LRB- 1976 -RRB- and the miniseries North and South -LRB- 1985 -RRB- . His final nomination came in the category of Best Supporting Actor for portraying the titular character in Quentin Tarantino 's Kill Bill : Volume 2 -LRB- 2004 -RRB- .   Films that featured Carradine continued to be released after his death . These posthumous credits were from a variety of genres including action , documentaries , drama , horror , martial arts , science fiction , and westerns . In addition to his acting career , Carradine was a director and musician . Moreover , influenced by his most popular acting role , he studied martial arts .   He was sometimes arrested and prosecuted for a variety of offenses , which often involved substance abuse . He died on June 3 , 2009 , in a hotel room in Bangkok , Thailand from auto-erotic asphyxiation .