query: Apple Inc.'s consumer software includes something.

document: Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino , California that designs , develops , and sells consumer electronics , computer software , and online services . The company 's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone , the iPad tablet computer , the Mac personal computer , the iPod portable media player , the Apple Watch smartwatch , and the Apple TV digital media player . Apple 's consumer software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems , the iTunes media player , the Safari web browser , and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites . Its online services include the iTunes Store , the iOS App Store and Mac App Store , Apple Music , and iCloud .   Apple was founded by Steve Jobs , Steve Wozniak , and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 to develop and sell personal computers . It was incorporated as Apple Computer , Inc. in January 1977 , and sales of its computers saw significant momentum and revenue growth for the company . Within a few years , they had hired a staff of computer designers and had a production line . Apple went public in 1980 to instant financial success . Over the next few years , Apple shipped new computers featuring innovative graphical user interfaces , and Apple 's marketing commercials for its products received widespread critical acclaim . However , the high price tag of its products and limited software titles caused problems , as did power struggles between executives at the company . Jobs resigned from Apple and created his own company . As the market for personal computers increased , Apple 's computers saw diminishing sales due to lower-priced products from competitors , in particular those offered with the Microsoft Windows operating system . More executive job shuffles happened at Apple until then-CEO Gil Amelio in 1997 decided to buy Jobs ' company to bring him back . Jobs regained position as CEO , and began a process to rebuild Apple 's status , which included opening Apple 's own retail stores in 2001 , making numerous acquisitions of software companies to create a portfolio of software titles , and changed some of the hardware technology used in its computers . It again saw success and returned to profitability . In January 2007 , Jobs announced that Apple Computer , Inc. would be renamed Apple Inc. to reflect its shifted focus toward consumer electronics , and announced the iPhone , which saw critical acclaim and significant financial success . In August 2011 , Jobs resigned as CEO due to health complications , and Tim Cook became the new CEO . Two months later , Jobs died , marking the end of an era for the company .   Apple is the world 's largest information technology company by revenue , and the world 's second-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung . In February 2015 , Apple became the first U.S. company to be valued at over US$ 700billion . The company employs 116,000 full-time employees and maintains 496 retail stores in 21 countries . It operates the iTunes Store , which is the world 's largest music retailer . , more than one billion Apple products are actively in use worldwide .   Apple 's worldwide annual revenue totaled $ 215billion for the 2016 fiscal year . The company enjoys a high level of brand loyalty and has been repeatedly ranked as the world 's most valuable brand . However , it receives significant criticism regarding the labor practices of its contractors and its environmental and business practices , including the origins of source materials .


query: Matthew Modine played the character Sullivan Groff.

document: Matthew Avery Modine -LRB- born March 22 , 1959 -RRB- is an American film actor who rose to prominence through his role as United States Marine Corps Private Joker in Stanley Kubrick 's `` Full Metal Jacket '' . His other well-known roles include Dr. Martin Brenner in Stranger Things , the title character in Alan Parker 's Birdy , high school wrestler Louden Swain in Vision Quest and the oversexed Sullivan Groff on Weeds .


query: Kid Cudi has worked with Robin Thicke.

document: Robin Charles Thicke -LRB- born March 10 , 1977 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter and record producer .   Thicke has worked with several artists , such as Christina Aguilera , Nicki Minaj , K. Michelle , Pharrell Williams , Usher , Jennifer Hudson , Flo Rida , Brandy , Kid Cudi and Mary J. Blige , among others . Thicke worked on albums such as Usher 's Confessions and Lil Wayne 's Tha Carter III , while releasing his own R&B singles in the US including `` Lost Without U '' , `` Magic '' , and `` Sex Therapy '' . He rose to international fame in 2013 with his single `` Blurred Lines '' , which reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 .   He is the son of actor Alan Thicke and actress Gloria Loring and known for his former marriage to actress Paula Patton . In 2013 and 2014 , their separation and divorce was covered extensively by the tabloid press including Thicke 's efforts to reconcile with Patton .


query: Quebec is a province in Canada.

document: Quebec -LRB- pronounced -LSB- audio = En-Quebec . ogvkwᵻˈbɛk -RSB- or -LSB- kəˈbɛk -RSB- Québec -LSB- kebɛk -RSB- -RRB- is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population , with French as the sole provincial official language .   Quebec is Canada 's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division ; only the territory of Nunavut is larger . It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario , James Bay , and Hudson Bay ; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay ; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador ; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the US states of Maine , New Hampshire , Vermont , and New York . It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia .   Quebec is Canada 's second-most populous province , after Ontario . Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City , the capital . Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area , including the Island of Montreal . English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais , Eastern Townships , and Gaspé regions . The Nord-du-Québec region , occupying the northern half of the province , is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples . The climate around the major cities is four-season continental with cold and snowy winters combined with warm to hot humid summers , but further north long winter seasons dominate and as a result the northern areas of the province are marked by tundra conditions . Even in central Quebec at comparatively southerly latitudes winters are severe in inland areas .   Quebec independence debates have played a large role in the politics of the province . Parti Québécois governments held referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995 ; both were voted down by voters , the latter defeated by a very narrow margin . In 2006 , the House of Commons of Canada passed a symbolic motion recognizing the `` Québécois as a nation within a united Canada . ''   While the province 's substantial natural resources have long been the mainstay of its economy , sectors of the knowledge economy such as aerospace , information and communication technologies , biotechnology , and the pharmaceutical industry also play leading roles . These many industries have all contributed to helping Quebec become an economically influential province within Canada , second only to Ontario in economic output .


query: A reflex is made possible by neural pathways that act on an impulse.

document: A reflex , or reflex action , is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus . A reflex is made possible by neural pathways called reflex arcs which can act on an impulse before that impulse reaches the brain . The reflex is then an automatic response to a stimulus that does not receive or need conscious thought .


query: One Teen Choice Award was won by Anne Hathaway.

document: Anne Jacqueline Hathaway -LRB- born November 12 , 1982 -RRB- is an American actress and singer . Born in Brooklyn , New York and brought up in Millburn , New Jersey , Hathaway was inspired to act by her mother and as a high school student was nominated for the Paper Mill Playhouse Rising Star Award for Best Performance by a High School Actress for her performance in Once Upon a Mattress . She made her professional screen debut in the short-lived Fox television series Get Real -LRB- 1999 -- 2000 -RRB- , before landing the lead role of Mia Thermopolis in the Disney comedy film The Princess Diaries -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , for which she won the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Comedy . Hathaway went on to become a widely praised `` role model for children '' for her roles in Nicholas Nickleby -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , Ella Enchanted -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , The Princess Diaries 2 : Royal Engagement -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , and Hoodwinked ! -LRB- 2005 -RRB- .   Hathaway began to transition to more adult roles in 2005 , winning a DVD Exclusive Award for Best Actress for Havoc -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , receiving a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for her role in the critically acclaimed Brokeback Mountain -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , garnering further recognition for appearing alongside Meryl Streep in The Devil Wears Prada -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , and earning a BIFA nomination for Best Performance by an Actress for her portrayal of Jane Austen in Becoming Jane -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . Hathaway received praise for her performance as a recovering drug addict in Rachel Getting Married -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , for which she won the Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Academy , Golden Globe , Screen Actors Guild , and Indie Spirit Awards for Best Actress / Female Lead . She went on to win her second Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Comedy for starring in Bride Wars -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and in 2010 , appeared in the box office hits Valentine 's Day , Alice in Wonderland and Love & Other Drugs , which earned her the Satellite Award for Best Actress and a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Comedy or Musical .   In 2011 , Hathaway voiced Jewel in the animated film Rio and hosted the 83rd Academy Awards with James Franco , which was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Program . In 2012 , she portrayed Catwoman in Christopher Nolan 's The Dark Knight Rises , for which she won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress . The same year , she starred as Fantine in Tom Hooper 's Les Misérables , which earned her widespread acclaim and she won the Academy , Golden Globe , BAFTA , and SAG Awards for Best Supporting Actress . Hathaway has since gone on to appear in Rio 2 -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Interstellar -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , The Intern -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , and reprised her role as the White Queen in Alice Through the Looking Glass -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .   People magazine named Hathaway one of its breakthrough stars of 2001 , and she appeared on its list of the world 's 50 Most Beautiful People in 2006 . Following a four-year relationship with real estate developer Raffaello Follieri , Hathaway married Adam Shulman in 2012 , with whom she has one son , born in March 2016 .


query: Alkaline Trio released an album in 2001.

document: Alkaline Trio is an American punk rock band from McHenry , Illinois . The band consists of guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba , bassist and vocalist Dan Andriano , and drummer Derek Grant . Founded in late 1996 by Skiba , bassist Rob Doran , and drummer Glenn Porter , Alkaline Trio released its debut single , `` Sundials '' , in 1997 . Following its release , Doran departed from the band and was replaced by Andriano . The band subsequently recorded an EP , For Your Lungs Only -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , and its debut studio album , Goddamnit -LRB- 1998 -RRB- . Following the release of the band 's second album , Maybe I 'll Catch Fire -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Porter left the band and was replaced by Mike Felumlee for its subsequent album , From Here to Infirmary -LRB- 2001 -RRB- .   Backed by the singles `` Stupid Kid '' and `` Private Eye '' , From Here to Infirmary significantly increased the band 's exposure , and its follow-up , Good Mourning -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , charted highly on the Billboard 200 . Good Mourning marked the recording debut of current drummer Derek Grant . In 2005 , the band released Crimson which expanded upon the band 's punk rock influences , with prominent overdubs and additional instrumentation , and continued with this direction on Agony & Irony -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , which was released on V2 Records .   In 2010 , the band released This Addiction on its own label Heart & Skull and Epitaph . Recorded in the band 's home town of Chicago , with early producer Matt Allison , the album was a conscious effort by the band to return to their punk rock roots ; it became the highest charting album of their career , debuting on the Billboard 200 at No. 11 . In 2011 , the band celebrated its 15-year anniversary with the release of Damnesia , which featured new , acoustic-based recordings of songs from across the band 's career . The band 's eighth studio album , My Shame Is True , was released on April 2 , 2013 .


query: David Bowie has an album called Heroes.

document: David Robert Jones -LRB- 8 January 1947 -- 10 January 2016 -RRB- , known professionally as David Bowie -LRB- -LSB- ˈboʊi -RSB- -RRB- , was an English singer , songwriter and actor . He was a figure in popular music for over five decades , becoming acclaimed by critics and other musicians for his innovative work . His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation , his music and stagecraft significantly influencing popular music . During his lifetime , his record sales , estimated at 140 million worldwide , made him one of the world 's best-selling music artists . In the UK , he was awarded nine platinum album certifications , eleven gold and eight silver , releasing eleven number-one albums . In the US , he received five platinum and seven gold certifications . He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 .   Born in Brixton , South London , Bowie developed an interest in music as a child , eventually studying art , music and design before embarking on a professional career as a musician in 1963 . `` Space Oddity '' became his first top-five entry on the UK Singles Chart after its release in July 1969 . After a period of experimentation , he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with his flamboyant and androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust . The character was spearheaded by the success of his single `` Starman '' and album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars , which won him widespread popularity . In 1975 , Bowie 's style shifted radically towards a sound he characterised as `` plastic soul '' , initially alienating many of his UK devotees but garnering him his first major US crossover success with the number-one single `` Fame '' and the album Young Americans . In 1976 , Bowie starred in the cult film The Man Who Fell to Earth and released Station to Station . The following year , he further confounded musical expectations with the electronic-inflected album Low -LRB- 1977 -RRB- , the first of three collaborations with Brian Eno that would come to be known as the `` Berlin Trilogy '' . `` Heroes '' -LRB- 1977 -RRB- and Lodger -LRB- 1979 -RRB- followed ; each album reached the UK top five and received lasting critical praise .   After uneven commercial success in the late 1970s , Bowie had UK number ones with the 1980 single `` Ashes to Ashes '' , its parent album Scary Monsters and Super Creeps , and `` Under Pressure '' , a 1981 collaboration with Queen . He then reached his commercial peak in 1983 with Let 's Dance , with its title track topping both UK and US charts . Throughout the 1990s and 2000s , Bowie continued to experiment with musical styles , including industrial and jungle . He also continued acting ; his roles included Major Celliers in Merry Christmas , Mr. Lawrence -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , the Goblin King Jareth in Labyrinth -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , Pontius Pilate in The Last Temptation of Christ -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , and Nikola Tesla in The Prestige -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , among other film and television appearances and cameos . He stopped concert touring after 2004 , and his last live performance was at a charity event in 2006 . In 2013 , Bowie returned from a decade-long recording hiatus with the release of The Next Day . He remained musically active until he died of liver cancer two days after the release of his final album , Blackstar -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .


query: Jordan Peele is an actor.

document: Jordan Haworth Peele -LRB- born February 21 , 1979 -RRB- is an American actor , comedian , writer , producer , and director . He is best known for starring in the Comedy Central sketch series Key & Peele and for his five seasons as a cast member on MADtv . In 2014 , he also had a recurring role in the first season of the FX anthology series Fargo . His directorial debut , the horror film Get Out , was released in 2017 to critical acclaim and box-office success .


query: Serena Williams plays tennis.

document: Serena Jameka Williams -LRB- born September 26 , 1981 -RRB- is an American professional tennis player . The Women 's Tennis Association -LRB- WTA -RRB- has ranked her world no. 1 in singles on eight occasions , from 2002 to 2017 . She became the world no. 1 for the first time on July 8 , 2002 . On the sixth occasion , she held the ranking for 186 consecutive weeks , tying the record set by Steffi Graf for the most consecutive weeks as world no. 1 by a female tennis player . In total , she has been world no. 1 for 319 weeks , which ranks her third in the Open Era among female tennis players . Williams ' accomplishments and success in professional tennis have led some commentators , players , and sports writers to regard her as the greatest female tennis player of all time .   Williams holds the most Grand Slam titles in singles , doubles , and mixed doubles combined amongst active players . Her record of 39 Grand Slam titles puts her third on the all-time list and second in the open era : 23 in singles , 14 in women 's doubles , and 2 in mixed doubles . She is the most recent female player to have held all four Grand Slam singles titles simultaneously -LRB- 2002 -- 03 and 2014 -- 15 -RRB- and the third player to achieve this record twice after Rod Laver and Steffi Graf . She is also the most recent player , together with her sister Venus Williams , to have held all four Grand Slam women 's doubles titles simultaneously -LRB- 2009 -- 10 -RRB- .   Her total of 23 Grand Slam singles titles marks the record for the most Grand Slam wins by a tennis player in the Open Era , and is second on the all-time list behind Margaret Court -LRB- 24 -RRB- . She is the only tennis player in history -LRB- man or woman -RRB- to have won singles titles at least six times in three of the four Grand Slam tournaments , and the only player ever to have won two of the four Grand Slams seven times each -LRB- seven Wimbledon titles and seven Australian Open titles -RRB- . She is also the only tennis player to have won 10 Grand Slam singles titles in two separate decades . She has won an all-time record of 13 Grand Slam singles titles on hardcourt . Williams holds the Open Era record for most titles won at the Australian Open -LRB- 7 -RRB- and shares the Open Era record for most titles won at the US Open with Chris Evert -LRB- 6 -RRB- . She also holds an all-time record for the most singles matches won at the Grand Slams -LRB- man or woman -RRB- with 316 matches -LRB- through the 2017 Australian Open -RRB- .   She has won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles with her sister Venus , and the pair are unbeaten in Grand Slam doubles finals . As a team , she and Venus have the third most women 's doubles grand slam titles , behind the 18 titles of Natasha Zvereva -LRB- 14 with Gigi Fernández -RRB- and the record 20 titles won by Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver . Williams is also a five-time winner of the WTA Tour Championships in the singles division . Serena has also won four Olympic gold medals , one in women 's singles and three in women 's doubles -- an all-time record shared with her sister , Venus . The arrival of the Williams sisters has been credited with ushering in a new era of power and athleticism on the women 's professional tennis tour . Williams was the highest paid female athlete in 2016 , earning $ 28.9 million in prize money and endorsements . She has won the Laureus Sportswoman of the Year award three times -LRB- 2003 , 2010 , 2016 -RRB- , and in December 2015 , she was named Sportsperson of the Year by Sports Illustrated magazine .


query: Minos was a father of Xenodice.

document: In Greek mythology Minos -LRB- -LSB- ˈmaɪnɒs -RSB- or -LSB- ˈmaɪnəs -RSB- Μίνως , Minōs -RRB- was the first King of Crete , son of Zeus and Europa . Every nine years , he made King Aegeus pick seven young boys and seven young girls to be sent to Daedalus 's creation , the labyrinth , to be eaten by the Minotaur . After his death , Minos became a judge of the dead in the underworld . The Minoan civilization of Crete has been named after him by the archaeologist Arthur Evans . By his wife , Pasiphaë -LRB- or some say Crete -RRB- , he fathered Ariadne , Androgeus , Deucalion , Phaedra , Glaucus , Catreus , Acacallis and Xenodice . By a nymph , Pareia , he had four sons , Eurymedon , Nephalion , Chryses and Philolaus , who were killed by Heracles in revenge for the murder of the latter 's two companions ; and by Dexithea , one of the Telchines , he had a son called Euxanthius . By Androgeneia of Phaestus he had Asterion , who commanded the Cretan contingent in the war between Dionysus and the Indians . Also given as his children are Euryale , possibly the mother of Orion with Poseidon , and Pholegander , eponym of the island Pholegandros .   Minos , along with his brothers , Rhadamanthys and Sarpedon , were raised by King Asterion -LRB- or Asterius -RRB- of Crete . When Asterion died , his throne was claimed by Minos who banished Sarpedon and , according to some sources , Rhadamanthys too .


query: Chris Pine appeared in a film directed by a director.

document: Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name . Distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures , it is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe . The film is directed by Patty Jenkins with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg ; story provided by Heinberg , Zack Snyder and Jason Fuchs . Gal Gadot stars as the titular character with Chris Pine , Robin Wright , Danny Huston , David Thewlis , Connie Nielsen and Elena Anaya in supporting roles . Wonder Woman is the first live action theatrical film based on the character , following her first live action theatrical appearance in 2016 's Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice . In the film , American pilot Steve Trevor crashes on the island of Themyscira and tells Diana Prince about World War I , Diana leaves her home to try to stop the war and becomes Wonder Woman .   Development for the film was on-going since 1996 , with Jenkins signing on to direct in 2015 . Principal photography began on November 21 , 2015 with filming taking place in the United Kingdom , France , and Italy before wrapping up on May 19 , 2016 . Additional filming also took place in November 2016 . Wonder Woman is the first summer tent pole superhero film directed by a woman , and Jenkins is the first woman to direct a superhero film with a female protagonist .   Wonder Woman premiered in Shanghai on May 15 , 2017 and is scheduled to be released in the United States on June 2 , 2017 in 2D , 3D , and IMAX 3D . It received largely positive reviews from critics , with many praising Gadot 's performance .


query: Michael Phelps is the holder of three long course world records.

document: Michael Fred Phelps II -LRB- born June 30 , 1985 -RRB- is an American former competitive swimmer and the most decorated Olympian of all time , with a total of 28 medals . Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals -LRB- 23 -RRB- , Olympic gold medals in individual events -LRB- 13 -RRB- , and Olympic medals in individual events -LRB- 16 -RRB- . In winning eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games , Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz 's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games . At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , Phelps won four gold and two silver medals , and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , he won five gold medals and one silver . This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics in a row .   Phelps is the long course world record holder in the 100 meter butterfly , 200 meter butterfly , and 400 meter individual medley as well as the former long course world record holder in the 200 meter freestyle and 200 meter individual medley . He has won 83 medals in major international long course competition , of which 66 were gold , 14 silver , and 3 bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Phelps 's international titles and record-breaking performances have earned him the World Swimmer of the Year Award eight times and American Swimmer of the Year Award eleven times , as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2012 and 2016 . His unprecedented Olympic success in 2008 earned Phelps Sports Illustrated magazine 's Sportsman of the Year award .   After the 2008 Summer Olympics , Phelps started the Michael Phelps Foundation , which focuses on growing the sport of swimming and promoting healthier lifestyles . Phelps retired following the 2012 Olympics , but in April 2014 he made a comeback . At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , his fifth Olympics , he won five golds and one silver . Phelps was chosen to be a captain of the 2016 US Olympic team , and was also voted by his team to be the flag bearer of the United States at the 2016 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations .


query: Yeh Dillagi had a cast.

document: Yeh Dillagi -LRB- English : This Romance -RRB- is a 1994 Bollywood romantic film , produced by Yash Chopra and directed by Naresh Malhotra under the banner of Yash Raj Films . It stars Akshay Kumar , Saif Ali Khan and Kajol . Karisma Kapoor has a special appearance . It was the sixth highest-grossing film of 1994 . Akshay Kumar was nominated as Best Actor and Kajol for Best Actress at the Filmfare Awards . It is a remake of the 1954 American romantic comedy Sabrina , starring Audrey Hepburn and William Holden . This was the first of several films in which Akshay Kumar and Saif Ali Khan acted together .


query: Drake's debut studio album is certified platinum.

document: Aubrey Drake Graham -LRB- born October 24 , 1986 -RRB- better known by the stage name Drake , is a Canadian rapper , singer , songwriter , record producer , and actor . Drake initially gained recognition as an actor on the teen drama television series Degrassi : The Next Generation in the early 2000s . Intent on pursuing a career as a rapper , he departed the series in 2007 following the release of his debut mixtape , Room for Improvement . He released two further independent projects , Comeback Season and So Far Gone , before signing to Lil Wayne 's Young Money Entertainment in June 2009 .   Drake released his debut studio album Thank Me Later in 2010 , which debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 and was soon certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- . His next two releases were 2011 's Take Care and 2013 's Nothing Was the Same , with certifications of quadruple and triple platinum respectively in the U.S. , with the former also earning him his first Grammy Award for Best Rap Album . They were followed by two mixtapes , with the trap-influenced If You 're Reading This It 's Too Late , and a collaboration with Future for What a Time to Be Alive , in 2015 , which both also earned platinum certification in the U.S.   Drake released his fourth album , Views , in 2016 , breaking several chart records in the process . The dancehall-influenced album sat atop the Billboard 200 for ten nonconsecutive weeks , becoming the first album by a solo male to do so in over 10 years . Its single `` One Dance '' topped the chart in several countries , including the U.S. , the UK and Canada , where it became his first number-one single as the lead artist . This saw Drake leading the Billboard Hot 100 and the Billboard 200 simultaneously for eight weeks , coming close to a record held by Whitney Houston . It achieved quadruple platinum status in the U.S. , and earned over 1 million album-equivalent units in the first week of its release . The single `` Hotline Bling '' secured him his second and third Grammy win , for Best Rap/Sung Performance and Best Rap Song , at the organization 's 59th ceremony .   Drake released the multi-genre More Life in 2017 . Described by Drake as a playlist , it was his seventh consecutive number one on the Billboard 200 , and set multiple streaming records .   Drake owns several Billboard chart records . He has the most charted songs -LRB- 154 -RRB- among solo artists in the history of the Billboard Hot 100 , the most simultaneously charted Hot 100 songs in a single week -LRB- 24 -RRB- , and the most Hot 100 debuts in a week -LRB- 21 -RRB- . Drake also has the most number one singles on the Hot Rap Songs , Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Airplay and Rhythmic Charts . Alongside his Grammy Award wins , Drake has won three Juno Awards and six American Music Awards .   Drake has developed other ventures , including his OVO Sound record label with longtime collaborator Noah `` 40 '' Shebib . Drake acts as a producer , producing under the pseudonym of Champagne Papi . Using the `` OVO '' moniker , Drake has his own clothing line and his own program on Beats 1 Radio . He is also currently acting as the global ambassador for NBA franchise , the Toronto Raptors .


query: Robert Schwentke directed Red.

document: Red is a 2010 American action comedy film inspired by the limited comic book series of the same name created by Warren Ellis and Cully Hamner and published by the DC Comics imprint Homage . The film stars Bruce Willis , Morgan Freeman , John Malkovich , Mary-Louise Parker , Helen Mirren and Karl Urban , with German film director Robert Schwentke directing a screenplay by Jon Hoeber and Erich Hoeber . In the film version , the title is derived from the designation of former CIA Agent Frank Moses -LRB- Bruce Willis -RRB- , meaning `` Retired , Extremely Dangerous '' .   The film was released on October 15 , 2010 . The film grossed $ 199 million worldwide . In 2011 , the film received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Musical or Comedy Film . A sequel , Red 2 , was released on July 19 , 2013 . Another sequel , Red 3 , is in development .


query: Friday the 13th involves death.

document: Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that comprises twelve slasher films , a television show , novels , comic books , video games , and tie‑in merchandise , as of 2017 . The franchise mainly focuses on the fictional character Jason Voorhees , who drowned as a boy at Camp Crystal Lake due to the negligence of the camp staff . Decades later , the lake is rumored to be `` cursed '' and is the setting for a series of mass murders . Jason is featured in all of the films , as either the killer or the motivation for the killings . The original film was written by Victor Miller and was produced and directed by Sean S. Cunningham . The films have grossed over $ 464 million at the box-office worldwide .   The first film was created to cash in on the success of Halloween -LRB- 1978 -RRB- , and its own success led Paramount Pictures to purchase the full licensing rights to Friday the 13th . Frank Mancuso , Jr. , a producer of the films , also developed the television show Friday the 13th : The Series after Paramount released Jason Lives . The television series was not connected to the franchise by any character or setting , but was created based on the idea of `` bad luck and curses '' , which the film series symbolized . While the franchise was owned by Paramount , four films were adapted into novels , with Friday the 13th Part III adapted by two separate authors . When the franchise was sold to New Line Cinema , Cunningham returned as a producer to oversee two additional films , in addition to a crossover film with character Freddy Krueger from the Nightmare on Elm Street film series . Under New Line Cinema , thirteen novellas and various comic book series featuring Jason were published .   Although the films were not popular with critics , Friday the 13th is considered one of the most successful media franchises in America -- not only for the success of the films , but also because of the extensive merchandising and repeated references to the series in popular culture . The franchise 's popularity has generated a fanbase who have created their own Friday the 13th films , fashioned replica Jason Voorhees costumes , and tattooed their bodies with Friday the 13th artwork . Jason 's hockey mask has become one of the most recognizable images in horror and popular culture .


query: Lonesome Dove is a four-part adaptation and it was on television.

document: Lonesome Dove is an American epic Western adventure television miniseries directed by Simon Wincer . It is a four-part adaptation of the 1985 novel of the same name by Larry McMurtry and is the first installment in the Lonesome Dove series . The series stars Robert Duvall and Tommy Lee Jones . The series was originally broadcast by CBS from February 5 to 8 , 1989 , drawing a huge viewing audience , earning numerous awards , and reviving both the television western and the miniseries .   An estimated 26 million homes tuned in to watch Lonesome Dove , unusually high numbers for a Western at that time . The western genre was considered dead by most people , as was the miniseries . By the show 's end , it had earned huge ratings and virtually revamped the entire 1989 -- 1990 television season . A favorite with audiences , as well as critics , Lonesome Dove garnered many honors and awards . At the 1989 Emmy Awards , the miniseries had 18 nominations and seven wins , including one for director Simon Wincer . Lonesome Dove also won two Golden Globes , for Best Miniseries and Best Actor in a Miniseries -LRB- Robert Duvall -RRB- .


query: Venom appears in American picture books.

document: Venom , or the Venom Symbiote , is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics , commonly in association with Spider-Man . Venom made his first appearance in The Amazing Spider-Man # 300 -LRB- May 1988 -RRB- . Venom was originally conceived as a supervillain , but has since become more of an antihero . Venom is a Symbiote , a sentient alien , with a gooey , almost liquid-like form . As with real-world symbiotes , it requires a host , usually human , to bond with for its survival . After bonding , the Symbiote endows its enhanced powers upon the host . When the Venom Symbiote bonds with a human , that new dual-life form refers to itself as `` Venom '' .   The Venom Symbiote 's first known host was Spider-Man , who eventually separated himself from the creature when he discovered its true nature . The Symbiote went on to merge with other hosts , most notably Eddie Brock , its second and most infamous host , with whom it first became Venom and one of Spider-Man 's archenemies . According to S.H.I.E.L.D. , it is considered one of the greatest threats to humanity , alongside Magneto , Doctor Doom , and Red Skull .   Comics journalist and historian Mike Conroy writes of the character : `` What started out as a replacement costume for Spider-Man turned into one of the Marvel web-slinger 's greatest nightmares . '' Venom was ranked as the 22nd Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time in IGN 's list of the top 100 comic villains . IGN also ranked Mac Gargan 's incarnation of Venom as # 17 in their list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' , while the Flash Thompson incarnation was ranked as # 27 . The character was listed as # 33 on Empire Magazines 50 Greatest Comic Book Characters .


query: Dany Rigoulot won a figure skating championship.

document: Dany Rigoulot is a former French figure skater who competed in ladies singles . She is the 1958-59 and 1961 French champion .


query: A Woman in Paris stars Charlie Chaplin.

document: Sir Charles Spencer `` Charlie '' Chaplin , -LRB- 16 April 1889 -- 25 December 1977 -RRB- was an English comic actor , filmmaker , and composer who rose to fame during the era of silent film . Chaplin became a worldwide icon through his screen persona `` the Tramp '' and is considered one of the most important figures in the history of the film industry . His career spanned more than 75 years , from childhood in the Victorian era until a year before his death in 1977 , and encompassed both adulation and controversy .   Chaplin 's childhood in London was one of poverty and hardship . As his father was absent and his mother struggled financially , he was sent to a workhouse twice before the age of nine . When he was 14 , his mother was committed to a mental asylum . Chaplin began performing at an early age , touring music halls and later working as a stage actor and comedian . At 19 , he was signed to the prestigious Fred Karno company , which took him to America . Chaplin was scouted for the film industry and began appearing in 1914 for Keystone Studios . He soon developed the Tramp persona and formed a large fan base . Chaplin directed his own films from an early stage and continued to hone his craft as he moved to the Essanay , Mutual , and First National corporations . By 1918 , he was one of the best-known figures in the world .   In 1919 , Chaplin co-founded the distribution company United Artists , which gave him complete control over his films . His first feature-length was The Kid -LRB- 1921 -RRB- , followed by A Woman of Paris -LRB- 1923 -RRB- , The Gold Rush -LRB- 1925 -RRB- , and The Circus -LRB- 1928 -RRB- . He refused to move to sound films in the 1930s , instead producing City Lights -LRB- 1931 -RRB- and Modern Times -LRB- 1936 -RRB- without dialogue . Chaplin became increasingly political , and his next film , The Great Dictator -LRB- 1940 -RRB- , satirised Adolf Hitler . The 1940s were a decade marked with controversy for Chaplin , and his popularity declined rapidly . He was accused of communist sympathies , while his involvement in a paternity suit and marriages to much younger women caused scandal . An FBI investigation was opened , and Chaplin was forced to leave the United States and settle in Switzerland . He abandoned the Tramp in his later films , which include Monsieur Verdoux -LRB- 1947 -RRB- , Limelight -LRB- 1952 -RRB- , A King in New York -LRB- 1957 -RRB- , and A Countess from Hong Kong -LRB- 1967 -RRB- .   Chaplin wrote , directed , produced , edited , starred in , and composed the music for most of his films . He was a perfectionist , and his financial independence enabled him to spend years on the development and production of a picture . His films are characterised by slapstick combined with pathos , typified in the Tramp 's struggles against adversity . Many contain social and political themes , as well as autobiographical elements . In 1972 , as part of a renewed appreciation for his work , Chaplin received an Honorary Academy Award for `` the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century '' . He continues to be held in high regard , with The Gold Rush , City Lights , Modern Times , and The Great Dictator often ranked on industry lists of the greatest films of all time .


query: Walt Whitman published works.

document: Walter `` Walt '' Whitman -LRB- -LSB- ˈhwɪtmən -RSB- May 31 , 1819 -- March 26 , 1892 -RRB- was an American poet , essayist , and journalist . A humanist , he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism , incorporating both views in his works . Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon , often called the father of free verse . His work was very controversial in its time , particularly his poetry collection Leaves of Grass , which was described as obscene for its overt sexuality .   Born in Huntington on Long Island , Whitman worked as a journalist , a teacher , a government clerk , and -- in addition to publishing his poetry -- was a volunteer nurse during the American Civil War . Early in his career , he also produced a temperance novel , Franklin Evans -LRB- 1842 -RRB- . Whitman 's major work , Leaves of Grass , was first published in 1855 with his own money . The work was an attempt at reaching out to the common person with an American epic . He continued expanding and revising it until his death in 1892 . After a stroke towards the end of his life , he moved to Camden , New Jersey , where his health further declined . When he died at age 72 , his funeral became a public spectacle .


query: Massachusetts was not a center for the abolitionist movement.

document: Massachusetts -LSB- mæsəˈtʃuːsᵻts -RSB- or -LSB- ˌmæsəˈtʃuːzᵻts -RSB- ; officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts , is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east , the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south , New Hampshire and Vermont to the north , and New York to the west . The state is named for the Massachusett tribe , which once inhabited the area . The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston . Over 80 % of Massachusetts ' population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area , a region influential upon American history , academia , and industry . Originally dependent on agriculture , fishing and trade , Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution . During the 20th century , Massachusetts ' economy shifted from manufacturing to services . Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology , engineering , higher education , finance , and maritime trade .   Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England , founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims , passengers of the Mayflower . In 1692 , the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America 's most infamous cases of mass hysteria , the Salem witch trials . In 1777 , General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory , which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances , including interchangeable parts . In 1786 , Shays ' Rebellion , a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans , influenced the United States Constitutional Convention . In the 18th century , the Protestant First Great Awakening , which swept the Atlantic World , originated from the pulpit of Northampton preacher Jonathan Edwards . In the late 18th century , Boston became known as the `` Cradle of Liberty '' for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution .   The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a powerful commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States . Before the American Civil War , Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist , temperance , and transcendentalist movements . In the late 19th century , the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke , respectively . In 2004 , Massachusetts became the first U.S. state to legally recognize same-sex marriage as a result of the decision in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court . Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state , including the Adams and Kennedy families . Harvard University in Cambridge is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States , with the largest financial endowment of any university , and Harvard Law School has educated a contemporaneous majority of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States . Kendall Square in Cambridge has been called `` the most innovative square mile on the planet '' , in reference to the high concentration of entrepreneurial start-ups and quality of innovation which have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010 . Both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , also in Cambridge , have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world . Massachusetts ' public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance .


query: Stockard Channing acted in a movie.

document: Stockard Channing -LRB- born Susan Antonia Williams Stockard ; February 13 , 1944 -RRB- is an American stage , film and television actress . She is known for playing Betty Rizzo in the film Grease -LRB- 1978 -RRB- and First Lady Abbey Bartlet on the NBC television series The West Wing -LRB- 1999 -- 2006 -RRB- . She is also known for originating the role of Ouisa Kittredge in the stage and film versions of Six Degrees of Separation , for which she was nominated for a Tony Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress .   A 13-time Primetime Emmy Award nominee and seven-time Tony Award nominee , she won the 1985 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for the Broadway revival of A Day in the Death of Joe Egg , and won Emmy Awards for The West Wing and The Matthew Shepard Story , both in 2002 . She won a Daytime Emmy Award in 2004 for her role in Jack . Her film appearances include The Fortune -LRB- 1975 -RRB- , The Big Bus -LRB- 1976 -RRB- , The Cheap Detective -LRB- 1978 -RRB- , Heartburn -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , Up Close & Personal -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , Practical Magic -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , and Woody Allen 's Anything Else -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . She also played the recurring role of Veronica Loy on the CBS drama The Good Wife -LRB- 2012 -- 16 -RRB- .


query: Bowie experimented with different genres of music.

document: David Robert Jones -LRB- 8 January 1947 -- 10 January 2016 -RRB- , known professionally as David Bowie -LRB- -LSB- ˈboʊi -RSB- -RRB- , was an English singer , songwriter and actor . He was a figure in popular music for over five decades , becoming acclaimed by critics and other musicians for his innovative work . His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation , his music and stagecraft significantly influencing popular music . During his lifetime , his record sales , estimated at 140 million worldwide , made him one of the world 's best-selling music artists . In the UK , he was awarded nine platinum album certifications , eleven gold and eight silver , releasing eleven number-one albums . In the US , he received five platinum and seven gold certifications . He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 .   Born in Brixton , South London , Bowie developed an interest in music as a child , eventually studying art , music and design before embarking on a professional career as a musician in 1963 . `` Space Oddity '' became his first top-five entry on the UK Singles Chart after its release in July 1969 . After a period of experimentation , he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with his flamboyant and androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust . The character was spearheaded by the success of his single `` Starman '' and album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars , which won him widespread popularity . In 1975 , Bowie 's style shifted radically towards a sound he characterised as `` plastic soul '' , initially alienating many of his UK devotees but garnering him his first major US crossover success with the number-one single `` Fame '' and the album Young Americans . In 1976 , Bowie starred in the cult film The Man Who Fell to Earth and released Station to Station . The following year , he further confounded musical expectations with the electronic-inflected album Low -LRB- 1977 -RRB- , the first of three collaborations with Brian Eno that would come to be known as the `` Berlin Trilogy '' . `` Heroes '' -LRB- 1977 -RRB- and Lodger -LRB- 1979 -RRB- followed ; each album reached the UK top five and received lasting critical praise .   After uneven commercial success in the late 1970s , Bowie had UK number ones with the 1980 single `` Ashes to Ashes '' , its parent album Scary Monsters and Super Creeps , and `` Under Pressure '' , a 1981 collaboration with Queen . He then reached his commercial peak in 1983 with Let 's Dance , with its title track topping both UK and US charts . Throughout the 1990s and 2000s , Bowie continued to experiment with musical styles , including industrial and jungle . He also continued acting ; his roles included Major Celliers in Merry Christmas , Mr. Lawrence -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , the Goblin King Jareth in Labyrinth -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , Pontius Pilate in The Last Temptation of Christ -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , and Nikola Tesla in The Prestige -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , among other film and television appearances and cameos . He stopped concert touring after 2004 , and his last live performance was at a charity event in 2006 . In 2013 , Bowie returned from a decade-long recording hiatus with the release of The Next Day . He remained musically active until he died of liver cancer two days after the release of his final album , Blackstar -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .


query: Lindsay Lohan is an actress.

document: Lindsay Dee Lohan -LRB- born July 2 , 1986 -RRB- is an American actress and singer . Lohan began her career as a child fashion model when she was three , and was later featured on the soap opera Another World for a year when she was 10 . At age 11 , Lohan made her motion picture debut in Disney 's commercially and critically successful 1998 remake of The Parent Trap . Her next major motion picture , Disney 's 2003 remake of Freaky Friday , was also a critical and commercial success . With the release of Mean Girls -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , another critical and commercial success , and Disney 's Herbie : Fully Loaded -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , another commercial success , Lohan became a teen idol sensation , a household name and a frequent focus of paparazzi and tabloids . However , Lohan 's next starring role in the romantic comedy Just My Luck -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , received poor reviews and was only a modest commercial success . Following Just My Luck , Lohan focused on smaller , more mature roles in independent movies , receiving positive comments on her work , including A Prairie Home Companion -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Bobby -LRB- 2006 -RRB- and Chapter 27 -LRB- 2007 -RRB- .   After recording several songs for her movie soundtracks , Lohan signed with Casablanca Records . Lohan 's debut studio album , titled Speak , was released in December 2004 and became the first high-seller from Casablanca in several years , selling 1 million copies in the United States alone and peaking at number four on the Billboard 200 . Though the album received mostly lukewarm reviews , it was certified platinum and sold over 4 million copies worldwide . Lohan 's second album , titled A Little More Personal -LRB- Raw -RRB- , was released in December 2005 and featured darker material than her debut had . That album received mixed reviews , and it was certified gold .   In 2007 , two driving under the influence incidents led to Lohan being put on probation , and together with three visits to rehabilitation facilities caused the loss of several movie deals . In 2008 and 2009 , Lohan worked as a fashion model and launched the clothing line 6126 . She resumed her acting career with TV work in 2008 , and starred in the TV film Labor Pains -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . She appeared in Robert Rodriguez 's feature film Machete -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . Between 2010 and 2013 , Lohan went into rehabilitation three times , and spent much of her time entangled in legal problems stemming from misdemeanors and probation violations . In 2012 and 2013 , she did further television work , including starring as Elizabeth Taylor in the biographical TV film Liz & Dick -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . In 2013 , she starred in Paul Schrader 's independent film The Canyons . In 2014 , the docu-series Lindsay aired on the Oprah Winfrey Network , and Lohan made her stage debut in the London West End production of Speed-the-Plow .


query: Ronald Reagan was a person.

document: Ronald Wilson Reagan -LRB- -LSB- ˈrɒnəld_ˈwɪlsən_ˈreɪɡən -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- February 6 , 1911 -- June 5 , 2004 -RRB- was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989 . Before his presidency , he was the 33rd Governor of California , from 1967 to 1975 , after a career as a Hollywood actor and union leader .   Raised in a poor family in small towns of northern Illinois , Reagan graduated from Eureka College in 1932 and worked as a sports announcer on several regional radio stations . After moving to Hollywood in 1937 , he became an actor and starred in a few major productions . Reagan was twice elected President of the Screen Actors Guild , the labor union for actors , where he worked to root out Communist influence . In the 1950s , he moved into television and was a motivational speaker at General Electric factories . Having been a lifelong Democrat , his views changed . He became a conservative and in 1962 switched to the Republican Party . In 1964 , Reagan 's speech , `` A Time for Choosing '' , in support of Barry Goldwater 's foundering presidential campaign , earned him national attention as a new conservative spokesman . Building a network of supporters , he was elected Governor of California in 1966 . As governor , Reagan raised taxes , turned a state budget deficit to a surplus , challenged the protesters at the University of California , ordered National Guard troops in during a period of protest movements in 1969 , and was re-elected in 1970 . He twice ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for the U.S. presidency in 1968 and 1976 ; four years later , he easily won the nomination outright , becoming the oldest elected U.S. president up to that time , defeating incumbent Jimmy Carter in 1980 .   Entering the presidency in 1981 , Reagan implemented sweeping new political and economic initiatives . His supply-side economic policies , dubbed `` Reaganomics '' , advocated tax rate reduction to spur economic growth , control of the money supply to curb inflation , economic deregulation , and reduction in government spending . In his first term he survived an assassination attempt , spurred the War on Drugs , and fought public sector labor . Over his two terms , the economy saw a reduction of inflation from 12.5 % to 4.4 % , and an average annual growth of real GDP of 3.4 ; while Reagan did enact cuts in domestic discretionary spending , tax cuts and increased military spending contributed to increased federal outlays overall , even after adjustment for inflation . During his re-election bid , Reagan campaigned on the notion that it was `` Morning in America '' , winning a landslide in 1984 with the largest electoral college victory in American history . Foreign affairs dominated his second term , including ending of the Cold War , the bombing of Libya , and the Iran -- Contra affair . Publicly describing the Soviet Union as an `` evil empire '' , and during his famous speech at the Brandenburg Gate , President Reagan challenged Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev to `` tear down this wall ! '' . He transitioned Cold War policy from détente to rollback , by escalating an arms race with the USSR while engaging in talks with Gorbachev , which culminated in the INF Treaty , shrinking both countries ' nuclear arsenals . Reagan 's presidency came during the decline of the Soviet Union and just ten months after the end of his term , the Berlin Wall fell , and on December 26 , 1991 , nearly three years after he left office , the Soviet Union collapsed .   Leaving office in 1989 , Reagan held an approval rating of sixty-eight percent , matching those of Franklin D. Roosevelt , and later Bill Clinton , as the highest ratings for departing presidents in the modern era . He was the first president since Dwight D. Eisenhower to serve two full terms , after a succession of five prior presidents failed to do so . While having planned an active post-presidency , in 1994 Reagan disclosed his diagnosis with Alzheimer 's disease earlier that year , appearing publicly for the last time at the funeral of Richard Nixon ; he died ten years later in 2004 at the age of 93 ; Reagan had the second-longest life out of all the presidents ; the current longest lifespan of a president is held by Gerald Ford , who died two years after Reagan . An icon among Republicans , he is viewed favorably in historian rankings of U.S. presidents , and his tenure constituted a realignment toward conservative policies in the U.S.


query: Eddie Redmayne appeared in Like Minds (2006).

document: Edward John David Redmayne , -LRB- -LSB- ` rɛdˌmeɪn -RSB- born 6 January 1982 -RRB- is an English actor of stage and screen . Born and raised in Westminster , he studied history of art at Trinity College , Cambridge , after which he briefly dabbled with a modelling career . Redmayne began his professional acting career as a youth in West End theatre before making his screen debut in 1998 with guest appearances on television . His first film roles came in 2006 with Like Minds and The Good Shepherd , and he went on to play supporting roles in several films , including Savage Grace -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Elizabeth : The Golden Age -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , and The Other Boleyn Girl -LRB- 2008 -RRB- .   Redmayne also starred in the stage productions of Red -LRB- 2009 -- 10 -RRB- and Richard II -LRB- 2011 -- 12 -RRB- . The former won him the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play . His film breakthrough came with the roles of Colin Clark in the biographical drama My Week with Marilyn -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and Marius Pontmercy in Tom Hooper 's musical Les Misérables -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . In 2014 , Redmayne portrayed English physicist Stephen Hawking in The Theory of Everything , winning an Academy Award , a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award for Best Actor . The following year , he played Lili Elbe , one of the first known recipients of sex reassignment surgery , in Hooper 's The Danish Girl , which saw him nominated for Best Actor in the three aforementioned awards . In 2016 , he starred as Newt Scamander in the fantasy film Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them .


query: Laura Dern performed.

document: Laura Elizabeth Dern -LRB- born February 10 , 1967 -RRB- is an American actress . For her performance in the 1991 film Rambling Rose , she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress , while for her performance in the 2014 film Wild , she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . Her other film roles include Mask -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , Smooth Talk -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , Blue Velvet -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , Wild at Heart -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , Jurassic Park -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , Citizen Ruth -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , October Sky -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , I Am Sam -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , Inland Empire -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , The Master -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , The Fault in Our Stars -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and Star Wars : The Last Jedi -LRB- 2017 -RRB- .   Dern won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Miniseries or Television Film for the 1992 film Afterburn , and guest starred in the 1997 `` Puppy Episode '' of the sitcom Ellen . She went on to win the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television for her portrayal of Florida Secretary of State Katherine Harris in the 2008 TV film Recount , and the 2012 Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy Series for her role as Amy Jellicoe in HBO 's Enlightened -LRB- 2011 -- 13 -RRB- . She is known for her collaborations with filmmaker David Lynch , having appeared in three of his films and the revival of Twin Peaks .


query: Rashida Jones was in The Social Network.

document: Rashida Leah Jones -LRB- born February 25 , 1976 -RRB- is an American actress , comic book author , producer , singer , and screenwriter . She is known for playing Ann Perkins on NBC 's comedy Parks and Recreation , Louisa Fenn on Fox 's Boston Public and Karen Filippelli on The Office , as well as a small role in the TV show Freaks & Geeks . She has had film roles in I Love You , Man -LRB- 2009 -RRB- ; Our Idiot Brother -LRB- 2011 -RRB- ; The Social Network -LRB- 2010 -RRB- ; The Muppets -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and Celeste and Jesse Forever -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , for the last of which she also wrote the screenplay . She now plays the lead role in the TBS comedy series Angie Tribeca , and recently co-wrote the screenplay for Toy Story 4 .


query: Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen is a motion picture.

document: Transformers : Revenge of the Fallen is a 2009 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay and executive produced by Steven Spielberg , based on the toy line of the same name created by Hasbro . It is the sequel to 2007 's Transformers , as well as the second installment in the live-action Transformers film series . Taking place two years after its predecessor , the plot revolves around Sam Witwicky , who is caught in the war between two factions of alien robots , the Autobots , led by Optimus Prime and the Decepticons , led by Megatron . Sam is having strange visions of Cybertronian symbols , and being hunted by the Decepticons under the orders of an ancient Decepticon named The Fallen , who seeks to get revenge on Earth by finding and activating a machine that would provide the Decepticons with an energon source , destroying the sun and all life on Earth in the process . Returning Transformers include Optimus Prime , Bumblebee , Ironhide , Ratchet , Megatron , Starscream , and Scorponok .   With deadlines jeopardized by possible strikes by the Directors Guild of America and the Screen Actors Guild , Bay managed to finish the production on time with the help of previsualization and a scriptment by his writers Roberto Orci , Alex Kurtzman , and series newcomer Ehren Kruger . Shooting took place from May to November 2008 , with locations in Egypt , Jordan , Pennsylvania , New Jersey , and California , as well as air bases in New Mexico and Arizona . This was the last film in the series to star Megan Fox , and was also the last film in the series to be co-produced by DreamWorks Pictures , leaving Paramount Pictures to become the distributor of its future films .   Revenge of the Fallen premiered on June 8 , 2009 in Tokyo and was released on June 24 , 2009 in the United States . Metacritic said the film received `` generally unfavorable reviews '' ; criticism was directed at its bland story , melodramatic acting , romantic scenes , crude humor , overall length , repetitive action sequences , abrupt ending , and Optimus Prime 's drastically decreased screen time compared to the previous film . However , critics praised the visual effects , music , and the voice performances of Hugo Weaving , Charlie Adler and Tony Todd . The film won three Golden Raspberry Awards at the 30th Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony , and became the highest-grossing film to win the Worst Picture award . The film grossed a total of $ 402.1 million in the US and Canada and $ 434.2 million in other territories , for a total of $ 836.3 million worldwide . It was the second highest-grossing film of 2009 in the US and Canada , 23rd domestically , the 44th highest-grossing film of all time and fourth highest of the year worldwide . With over 11 million home media sales in 2009 , it was also the top-selling film of the year in the United States . It was followed by Dark of the Moon in 2011 , and by Age of Extinction in 2014 . A fifth film , titled The Last Knight , is scheduled for a 2017 release .


query: Demi Lovato released a memoir in 2014.

document: Demetria Devonne Lovato -LRB- -LSB- ˈdɛmi_loʊ-ˈvɑːtoʊ -RSB- or ; born August 20 , 1992 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , and actress . After making her debut as a child actress in Barney & Friends , Lovato rose to prominence in 2008 when she starred in the Disney Channel television film Camp Rock and released her debut single `` This Is Me '' which peaked at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100 . The success of the film and its soundtrack resulted in a recording contract with Hollywood Records . Her debut album , Do n't Forget -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 . The following year , Lovato was cast as the titular character of the television series Sonny with a Chance and she released her sophomore album , Here We Go Again , which became her first one to top the Billboard 200 chart .   After the release of additional television films and their soundtracks in 2010 , including Camp Rock 2 : The Final Jam , Lovato 's personal issues put her career on a hiatus and led to the discontinuation of Sonny with a Chance after a second season . She entered a treatment center in November 2010 to seek help for addictions , an eating disorder , and self-harm . While there , she was diagnosed with bipolar disorder . Work on her third studio album , Unbroken -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , began after she successfully completed treatment . The album addresses several of her difficulties . Its lead single , `` Skyscraper '' , became Lovato 's second top 10 entry in the US , while its second single , `` Give Your Heart a Break '' , was certified triple platinum in the country . Lovato was a judge and mentor on the American version of The X Factor in 2012 and 2013 . Her third album , Demi -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , opened with first-week sales of 110,000 copies . The lead single from her eponymous album , `` Heart Attack '' , became her third top 10 in the US and the album spawned three more singles . While promoting the project , Lovato released a book titled Staying Strong : 365 Days a Year -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . She also returned to acting as a recurring character in Glee , and released a memoir in 2014 . Lovato 's fifth album , Confident -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , reached number two on the Billboard 200 . Its lead single `` Cool for the Summer '' was eventually certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . All five of Lovato 's albums have received a gold certification in the US .   Musically , Lovato is considered a pop , pop rock , and R&B artist . Lovato has received a considerable number of accolades , including an MTV Video Music Award , 13 Teen Choice Awards , five People 's Choice Awards , an ALMA Award , a Latin American Music Award and a Grammy Award nomination . In 2013 , Maxim ranked her 26th on its Hot 100 list and Billboard ranked her second on its Social 50 Artists of the Year list . Outside the entertainment industry , Lovato has been involved with several social and environmental causes since the launch of her career . In May 2013 , she was cited for her dedication as a mentor to teens and young adults with mental health challenges at a National Children 's Mental Health Awareness Day hosted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration in Washington , D.C. . She has also become an advocate for the LGBT community , and women 's rights . In 2014 , she was announced as the Grand Marshal for LA Pride week , and that same year she became the face for Human Rights Campaign 's Americans for Marriage Equality Campaign . In April 2016 , Lovato was honored with the GLAAD Vanguard Award for making a significant difference in promoting equal rights for LGBT people .


query: Inhumans have a character called Medusa.

document: The Inhumans are a fictional race of superhumans appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics .   The comic book series has usually focused more specifically on the adventures of the Inhuman Royal Family , and many people associate the name `` Inhumans '' with this particular team of super-powered characters .   The Inhumans first appeared in Fantastic Four # 45 -LRB- December 1965 -RRB- , though members Medusa and Gorgon appeared in earlier issues of that series -LRB- # 36 and # 44 , respectively -RRB- . Their home , the city of Attilan , was first mentioned years earlier , in a Tuk the Caveboy story written and drawn by Jack Kirby that appeared in Captain America Comics # 1 -LRB- March 1941 -RRB- . The city was described as the home of a race that was evolutionarily advanced when human beings were still in the Stone Age .   The Inhuman Royal Family had been adapted to numerous Marvel animated series and video games over the years . Inhuman characters were introduced in live-action in the second season of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , while the Inhuman Royal Family will be featured in the TV series Inhumans , which is scheduled to premiere in 2017 .


query: Home Alone has been released.

document: Home Alone is a 1990 American Christmas comedy film written and produced by John Hughes and directed by Chris Columbus . The film stars Macaulay Culkin as Kevin McCallister , a boy who is mistakenly left behind when his family flies to Paris for their Christmas vacation . Kevin initially relishes being home alone , but soon has to contend with two would-be burglars played by Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern . The film also features Catherine O'Hara and John Heard as Kevin 's parents .   Culkin was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Musical or Comedy . After its release , Home Alone became the highest-grossing live action comedy film of all time in the United States , and also held the record worldwide until it was overtaken by The Hangover Part II in 2011 . It is the highest grossing Christmas movie of all time at the North American box office -LRB- when adjusted for inflation -RRB- . Home Alone has spawned a successful film franchise with four sequels , including the 1992 film Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York , the only Home Alone sequel to have the original cast reprising their roles .


query: The first Ku Klux Klan flourished in the 1860s.

document: The Ku Klux Klan -LRB- KKK -RRB- , or simply the Klan , is the name of three distinct movements in the United States that have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy , white nationalism , anti-immigration , and , especially in later iterations , Nordicism , anti-Catholicism , and antisemitism . Historically the KKK used terrorism , both physical assault and murder , against groups or individuals whom they opposed .  All three movements have called for the `` purification '' of American society , and all are considered right-wing extremist organizations .   The first Klan flourished in the Southern United States in the late 1860s , then died out by the early 1870s . It sought to overthrow the Republican state governments in the South during the Reconstruction Era , especially by using violence against African American leaders . With numerous chapters across the South , it was suppressed around 1871 , through federal law enforcement . Members made their own , often colorful , costumes : robes , masks , and conical hats , designed to be terrifying , and to hide their identities .   The second group was founded in 1915 , and it flourished nationwide in the early and mid-1920s , particularly in urban areas of the Midwest and West . It was rooted in local Protestant communities and opposed Catholics and Jews , and stressed its opposition to the Catholic Church at a time of high immigration from mostly Catholic nations of southern and eastern Europe . This second organization adopted a standard white costume and used code words which were similar to those used by the first Klan , while adding cross burnings and mass parades to intimidate others .   The third and current manifestation of the KKK emerged after 1950 , in the form of small , local , unconnected groups that use the KKK name . They have focused on opposition to the Civil Rights Movement , often using violence and murder to suppress activists . It is classified as a hate group by the Anti-Defamation League and the Southern Poverty Law Center . , the Anti-Defamation League puts total Klan membership nationwide at around 3,000 , while the Southern Poverty Law Center -LRB- SPLC -RRB- puts it at 6,000 members total .   The second and third incarnations of the Ku Klux Klan made frequent references to America 's `` Anglo-Saxon '' blood , hearkening back to 19th-century nativism . Although members of the KKK swear to uphold Christian morality , virtually every Christian denomination has officially denounced the KKK .


query: Lumps are possible signs of cancer that often occur in the breasts.

document: Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue . Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast , a change in breast shape , dimpling of the skin , fluid coming from the nipple , or a red scaly patch of skin . In those with distant spread of the disease , there may be bone pain , swollen lymph nodes , shortness of breath , or yellow skin .   Risk factors for developing breast cancer include being female , obesity , lack of physical exercise , drinking alcohol , hormone replacement therapy during menopause , ionizing radiation , early age at first menstruation , having children late or not at all , older age , and family history . About 5 -- 10 % of cases are due to genes inherited from a person 's parents , including BRCA1 and BRCA2 among others . Breast cancer most commonly develops in cells from the lining of milk ducts and the lobules that supply the ducts with milk . Cancers developing from the ducts are known as ductal carcinomas , while those developing from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas . In addition , there are more than 18 other sub-types of breast cancer . Some cancers , such as ductal carcinoma in situ , develop from pre-invasive lesions . The diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by taking a biopsy of the concerning lump . Once the diagnosis is made , further tests are done to determine if the cancer has spread beyond the breast and which treatments it may respond to .   The balance of benefits versus harms of breast cancer screening is controversial . A 2013 Cochrane review stated that it is unclear if mammographic screening does more good or harm . A 2009 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force found evidence of benefit in those 40 to 70 years of age , and the organization recommends screening every two years in women 50 to 74 years old . The medications tamoxifen or raloxifene may be used in an effort to prevent breast cancer in those who are at high risk of developing it . Surgical removal of both breasts is another preventative measure in some high risk women . In those who have been diagnosed with cancer , a number of treatments may be used , including surgery , radiation therapy , chemotherapy , hormonal therapy and targeted therapy . Types of surgery vary from breast-conserving surgery to mastectomy . Breast reconstruction may take place at the time of surgery or at a later date . In those in whom the cancer has spread to other parts of the body , treatments are mostly aimed at improving quality of life and comfort .   Outcomes for breast cancer vary depending on the cancer type , extent of disease , and person 's age . Survival rates in the developed world are high , with between 80 % and 90 % of those in England and the United States alive for at least 5 years . In developing countries survival rates are poorer . Worldwide , breast cancer is the leading type of cancer in women , accounting for 25 % of all cases . In 2012 it resulted in 1.68 million new cases and 522,000 deaths . It is more common in developed countries and is more than 100 times more common in women than in men .


query: One of Batman's creators was American.

document: Batman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . The character was created by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger , and first appeared in Detective Comics # 27 -LRB- 1939 -RRB- . Originally named the `` Bat-Man '' , the character is also referred to by such epithets as the Caped Crusader , the Dark Knight , and the World 's Greatest Detective .   Batman 's secret identity is Bruce Wayne , a wealthy American playboy , philanthropist , and owner of Wayne Enterprises . After witnessing the murder of his parents Dr. Thomas Wayne and Martha Wayne as a child , he swore vengeance against criminals , an oath tempered by a sense of justice . Bruce Wayne trains himself physically and intellectually and crafts a bat-inspired persona to fight crime .   Batman operates in the fictional Gotham City with assistance from various supporting characters , including his butler Alfred , police commissioner Gordon , and vigilante allies such as Robin . Unlike most superheroes , Batman does not possess any superpowers ; rather , he relies on his genius intellect , physical prowess , martial arts abilities , detective skills , science and technology , vast wealth , intimidation , and indomitable will . A large assortment of villains make up Batman 's rogues gallery , including his archenemy , the Joker .   The character became popular soon after his introduction in 1939 and gained his own comic book title , Batman , the following year . As the decades went on , differing interpretations of the character emerged . The late 1960s Batman television series used a camp aesthetic , which continued to be associated with the character for years after the show ended . Various creators worked to return the character to his dark roots , culminating in 1986 with The Dark Knight Returns by Frank Miller . The success of Warner Bros. ' live-action Batman feature films have helped maintain the public 's interest in the character .   An American cultural icon , Batman has been licensed and adapted into a variety of media , from radio to television and film , and appears on various merchandise sold all over the world , such as toys and video games . The character has also intrigued psychiatrists , with many trying to understand the character 's psyche . In 2015 , FanSided ranked Batman as number one on their list of `` 50 Greatest Super Heroes In Comic Book History '' . Kevin Conroy , Bruce Greenwood , Peter Weller , Anthony Ruivivar , Jason O'Mara , and Will Arnett , among others , have provided the character 's voice for animated adaptations . Batman has been portrayed in both film and television by Lewis Wilson , Robert Lowery , Adam West , Michael Keaton , Val Kilmer , George Clooney , Christian Bale , and Ben Affleck .


query: William Hanna met at least one person.

document: Hanna-Barbera Productions , Inc. -LRB- simply known as Hanna-Barbera and also referred to as H-B Enterprises , H-B Production Company and Hanna-Barbera Cartoons , Inc. -RRB- was an American animation studio that dominated American television animation for over three decades in the mid 20th century .   It was founded in 1957 by former Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation directors William Hanna and Joseph Barbera -LRB- creators of Tom and Jerry -RRB- and live-action director George Sidney in partnership with Screen Gems , a TV unit of Columbia Pictures . In late 1966 , it was sold to Taft Broadcasting and spent two decades as its subsidiary . It is officially considered the very first major animation studio to successfully produce cartoons exclusively for television .   Hanna-Barbera is known for creating a wide variety of popular animated characters and for 30 years , the studio produced a succession of hit cartoon shows , including The Flintstones , Yogi Bear , The Jetsons , Wacky Races , Scooby-Doo and The Smurfs . For their achievements , Hanna and Barbera together won seven Academy Awards , eight Emmy Awards , a Governors Award , a Golden Globe Award and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . The pair was also inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in 1993 .   Both the two men and their company had yielded more than over 3,500 half-hours of animated programming and a slew of television movies , specials , theatrical films , public service announcements , shorts , direct-to-video features and commercials were also produced by the studio . Many of Hanna-Barbera 's cartoons were distributed and seen internationally worldwide in over 175 countries in 45 languages around the world .   Hanna-Barbera 's fortunes declined in the mid-1980s when the profitability of Saturday morning cartoons was eclipsed by weekday afternoon syndication . In late 1991 , the studio was purchased from Taft -LRB- by then named Great American Broadcasting -RRB- by Turner Broadcasting System , who used much of its back catalog to program its new channel , Cartoon Network . After Turner purchased the company , Hanna and Barbera continued to serve as creative consultants and mentors .   Turner merged with Time Warner in 1996 and the studio became a subsidiary of Warner Bros. . Animation , in which Hanna-Barbera would absorb into before Hanna died in 2001 . Cartoon Network Studios continued the projects for the channel 's output . Barbera went on to work for Warner Bros. . Animation until his death in 2006 .   As of 2017 , the studio exists as an in-name-only unit used to market properties and productions associated with the Hanna-Barbera library , specifically its `` classic '' works . In 2005 , the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences honored Hanna and Barbera with a wall sculpture of themselves and their characters at the Television Academy 's Hall of Fame Plaza .


query: The United States is a superpower.

document: The United States of America -LRB- USA -RRB- , commonly known as the United States -LRB- U.S. -RRB- or America , is a constitutional federal republic composed of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions .  Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico . The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America , bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west . The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean . The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea . Nine time zones are covered . The geography , climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse .   At 3.8 million square miles -LRB- 9.8 million km2 -RRB- and with over 324 million people , the United States is the world 's third - or fourth-largest country by total area , third-largest by land area , and the third-most populous . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , and is home to the world 's largest immigrant population . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the largest city is New York City ; nine other major metropolitan areas -- each with at least 4.5 million inhabitants and the largest having more than 13 million people -- are Los Angeles , Chicago , Dallas , Houston , Philadelphia , Miami , Atlanta , Boston , and San Francisco .   Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years ' War led to the American Revolution , which began in 1775 . On July 4 , 1776 , during the course of the American Revolutionary War , the colonies unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence . The war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain , representing the first successful war of independence against a European power . The current constitution was adopted in 1788 , after the Articles of Confederation , adopted in 1781 , were felt to have provided inadequate federal powers . The first ten amendments , collectively named the Bill of Rights , were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties .   The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century , displacing Native American tribes , acquiring new territories , and gradually admitting new states until it spanned the continent by 1848 . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the end of legal slavery in the country . By the end of that century , the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean , and its economy , driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution , began to soar . The Spanish -- American War and confirmed the country 's status as a global military power . The United States emerged from as a global superpower , the first country to develop nuclear weapons , the only country to use them in warfare , and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council . The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world 's sole superpower . The U.S. is a founding member of the United Nations , World Bank , International Monetary Fund , Organization of American States -LRB- OAS -RRB- , and other international organizations .   The United States is a highly developed country , with the world 's largest economy by nominal GDP and second-largest economy by PPP . Though its population is only 4.3 % of the world total , Americans hold nearly 40 % of the total wealth in the world . The United States ranks among the highest in several measures of socioeconomic performance , including average wage , human development , per capita GDP , and productivity per person . While the U.S. economy is considered post-industrial , characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy , the manufacturing sector remains the second-largest in the world . Accounting for approximately a quarter of global GDP and a third of global military spending , the United States is the world 's foremost economic and military power . The United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally , and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations .


query: U2 has released critically-acclaimed studio albums.

document: U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin formed in 1976 . The group consists of Bono -LRB- lead vocals and rhythm guitar -RRB- , the Edge -LRB- lead guitar , keyboards , and backing vocals -RRB- , Adam Clayton -LRB- bass guitar -RRB- , and Larry Mullen Jr. -LRB- drums and percussion -RRB- . Initially rooted in post-punk , U2 's sound grew to incorporate influences from many genres of popular music , yet has maintained an anthemic sound built on Bono 's expressive vocals and the Edge 's effects-based guitar textures . Their lyrics , often embellished with spiritual imagery , focus on personal themes and sociopolitical concerns . Popular for their live performances , the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career .   The band formed at Mount Temple Comprehensive School in 1976 when the members were teenagers with limited musical proficiency . Within four years , they signed with Island Records and released their debut album , Boy -LRB- 1980 -RRB- . Subsequent work such as their first UK number-one album , War -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , and the singles `` Sunday Bloody Sunday '' and `` Pride -LRB- In the Name of Love -RRB- '' helped establish U2 's reputation as a politically and socially conscious group . By the mid-1980s , they had become renowned globally for their live act , highlighted by their performance at Live Aid in 1985 . The group 's fifth album , The Joshua Tree -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , made them international superstars and was their greatest critical and commercial success . Topping music charts around the world , it produced their only number-one singles in the US , `` With or Without You '' and `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' . Facing a backlash and creative stagnation , U2 reinvented themselves in the 1990s through a new musical direction and public image . Beginning with their acclaimed seventh album , Achtung Baby -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , and the multimedia intensive Zoo TV Tour , the band integrated influences from alternative rock , electronic dance music , and industrial music into their sound , and embraced a more ironic , flippant image . This experimentation continued through their ninth album , Pop -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , and the PopMart Tour , which were mixed successes . U2 regained critical and commercial favour with the records All That You Ca n't Leave Behind -LRB- 2000 -RRB- and How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , which established a more conventional , mainstream sound for the group . Their U2 360 ° Tour of 2009 -- 2011 is the highest-attended and highest-grossing concert tour in history . The group 's thirteenth album , Songs of Innocence -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , was released at no cost through the iTunes Store , but received criticism for its automatic placement in users ' music libraries .   U2 have released 13 studio albums and are one of the world 's best-selling music artists of all time , having sold more than 170 million records worldwide . They have won 22 Grammy Awards , more than any other band , and in 2005 , they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in their first year of eligibility . Rolling Stone ranked U2 at number 22 on its list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' . Throughout their career , as a band and as individuals , they have campaigned for human rights and philanthropic causes , including Amnesty International , Jubilee 2000 , the ONE/DATA campaigns , Product Red , War Child , and Music Rising .


query: A block is additionally named a "denial."

document: In basketball , a block or blocked shot occurs when a defensive player legally deflects a field goal attempt from an offensive player . The defender is not allowed to make contact with the offensive player 's hand -LRB- unless the defender is also in contact with the ball -RRB- or a foul is called . In order to be legal , the block must occur while the shot is traveling upward or at its apex . A deflected field goal that is made does not count as a blocked shot and simply counts as a successful field goal attempt for shooter plus the points awarded to the shooting team . Every successful blocked shot is counted as a missed field goal attempt for the shooter . Also , on a shooting foul , a blocked shot can not be awarded or counted , even if the player who deflected the field goal attempt is different from the player who committed the foul . If the ball is heading downward when the defender hits it , it is ruled as goaltending and counts as a made basket . Goaltending is also called if the block is made after the ball bounces on the backboard -LRB- NFHS excepted ; the NCAA also used this rule until the 2009 -- 10 season -RRB- .   Nicknames for blocked shots include `` rejections , '' `` stuffs , '' `` bushed '' , `` fudged '' , or notably `` double-fudged '' -LRB- two-handed blocks -RRB- , `` facials , '' `` swats , '' `` denials , '' and `` packs . '' Blocked shots were first officially recorded in the NBA during the 1973 -- 74 season .   Largely due to their height and position near the basket , centers and power forwards tend to record the most blocks , but shorter players with good jumping ability can also be blockers , an example being Dwyane Wade , the shortest player , at 6 ' 4 '' , to record 100 blocked shots in a single season . A player with the ability to block shots can be a positive asset to a team 's defense , as they can make it difficult for opposing players to shoot near the basket and by keeping the basketball in play , as opposed to swatting it out of bounds , a blocked shot can lead to a fast break , a skill Bill Russell was notable for . To be a good shot-blocker , a player needs great court sense and timing , and good height or jumping ability . One tactic is that a shot-blocker can intimidate opponents to alter their shots , resulting in a miss .


query: Ryan Gosling earned an award nomination.

document: Ryan Thomas Gosling -LRB- born November 12 , 1980 -RRB- is a Canadian actor and musician . He began his career as a child star on the Disney Channel 's Mickey Mouse Club -LRB- 1993 -- 95 -RRB- and went on to appear in other family entertainment programs including Are You Afraid of the Dark ? -LRB- 1995 -RRB- and Goosebumps -LRB- 1996 -RRB- . His first starring film role was as a Jewish neo-Nazi in The Believer -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , and he went on to star in several independent films , including Murder by Numbers -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , The Slaughter Rule -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , and The United States of Leland -LRB- 2003 -RRB- .   Gosling came to the attention of a wider audience in 2004 with a leading role in the commercially successful romantic drama The Notebook . His performance as a drug-addicted teacher in Half Nelson -LRB- 2006 -RRB- was nominated for an Academy Award and his performance as a socially inept loner in Lars and the Real Girl -LRB- 2007 -RRB- was nominated for a Golden Globe Award . After a three-year acting hiatus , Gosling starred in the marital drama Blue Valentine -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , earning him a second Golden Globe nomination . Gosling co-starred in three mainstream films in 2011the romantic comedy-drama Crazy , Stupid , Love , the political drama The Ides of March , and the action thriller Driveand received two more Golden Globe nominations . Gosling 's directorial debut Lost River was released in 2014 to poor reviews . Greater success came to Gosling when he starred in two critically acclaimed filmsthe financial comedy-drama The Big Short -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and the musical La La Land -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . For the latter , he won a Golden Globe Award and received a second Oscar nomination .   Gosling 's band , Dead Man 's Bones , released their self-titled debut album and toured North America in 2009 . He is a co-owner of Tagine , a Moroccan restaurant in Beverly Hills , California . He is a supporter of PETA , Invisible Children and the Enough Project and has traveled to Chad , Uganda and eastern Congo to raise awareness about conflicts in the regions .


query: Snoop Dogg has released Tha Last Meal.

document: Tha Last Meal is the fifth studio album by American rapper Snoop Dogg . It was released on December 19 , 2000 . It was his third and final studio album released on No Limit Records and his first album on his newly founded label Doggystyle Records in the United States . The album was produced mostly by Master P and Dr. Dre along with Timbaland and Soopafly . The album included the singles `` Snoop Dogg -LRB- What 's My Name Pt . 2 -RRB- '' , `` Hennesey n Buddah '' featuring Kokane ,  `` Lay Low '' featuring Nate Dogg , `` Loosen ' Control '' and `` Wrong Idea '' featuring Bad Azz .


query: Role Models stars at least one actor.

document: Role Models is a 2008 American comedy film directed by David Wain and written by David Wain , Timothy Dowling , Paul Rudd and Ken Marino . It is about two energy drink salesmen who are ordered to perform 150 hours of community service as punishment for various offenses . For their service , the two men work at a program designed to pair kids with adult role models . The film stars Seann William Scott , Paul Rudd , Christopher Mintz-Plasse , Bobb ' e J. Thompson , Jane Lynch and Elizabeth Banks .