query: Bryan Cranston had the starring role Walter White in Breaking Bad.

document: Bryan Lee Cranston -LRB- born March 7 , 1956 -RRB- is an American actor , voice actor , screenwriter , director and producer . He is best known for portraying Walter White on the AMC crime drama series Breaking Bad , Hal on the Fox comedy series Malcolm in the Middle , and Dr. Tim Whatley in five episodes of the NBC comedy series Seinfeld .   For Breaking Bad , Cranston won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series four times -LRB- 2008 -- 2010 , 2014 -RRB- , including three consecutive wins -LRB- the second time in television history after Bill Cosby in I Spy during the 1960s -RRB- . After becoming one of the producers of Breaking Bad in 2011 , he also won the award for Outstanding Drama Series twice .   Cranston was also nominated three times for the Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for his role in Malcolm in the Middle . His role in Breaking Bad also earned him five Golden Globe nominations and one win in 2014 , nine Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations with four wins , and six Satellite Awards nominations with four wins . In June 2014 , he won a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for his portrayal of Lyndon B. Johnson in the play All the Way on Broadway . He reprised his role in the television film of the same name , which debuted on HBO in May 2016 . For the film Trumbo -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , he received widespread acclaim and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor .   Cranston has directed episodes of various television series , including seven episodes of Malcolm in the Middle , three episodes of Breaking Bad , two episodes of Modern Family and one episode of The Office . He has also appeared in several acclaimed films such as Saving Private Ryan -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , Little Miss Sunshine -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Drive -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Argo -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and Godzilla -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . In 2015 , Cranston , together with David Shore , executive produced and wrote the story for the Amazon Studios original crime drama Sneaky Pete , the pilot episode of which aired on August 7 , 2015 .


query: Empress Matilda was the daughter of King Henry I of England.

document: Henry II -LRB- 5 March 1133 -- 6 July 1189 -RRB- , also known as Henry Curtmantle -LRB- Court-manteau -RRB- , Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet , ruled as Count of Anjou , Count of Maine , Duke of Normandy , Duke of Aquitaine , Count of Nantes , King of England -LRB- 1154 -- 89 -RRB- and Lord of Ireland ; at various times , he also controlled Wales , Scotland and Brittany . Henry was the son of Geoffrey of Anjou and Matilda , daughter of Henry I of England . He became actively involved by the age of 14 in his mother 's efforts to claim the throne of England , then occupied by Stephen of Blois , and was made Duke of Normandy at 17 . He inherited Anjou in 1151 and shortly afterwards married Eleanor of Aquitaine , whose marriage to Louis VII of France had recently been annulled . Stephen agreed to a peace treaty after Henry 's military expedition to England in 1153 : Henry inherited the kingdom on Stephen 's death a year later .   Henry was an energetic and sometimes ruthless ruler , driven by a desire to restore the lands and privileges of his royal grandfather , Henry I . During the early years of his reign the younger Henry restored the royal administration in England , re-established hegemony over Wales and gained full control over his lands in Anjou , Maine and Touraine . Henry 's desire to reform the relationship with the Church led to conflict with his former friend Thomas Becket , the Archbishop of Canterbury . This controversy lasted for much of the 1160s and resulted in Becket 's murder in 1170 . Henry soon came into conflict with Louis VII and the two rulers fought what has been termed a `` cold war '' over several decades . Henry expanded his empire , often at Louis ' expense , taking Brittany and pushing east into central France and south into Toulouse ; despite numerous peace conferences and treaties , no lasting agreement was reached . By 1172 , he controlled England , large parts of Wales , the eastern half of Ireland and the western half of France , an area that would later come to be called the Angevin Empire .   Henry and Eleanor had eight children . As they grew up , tensions over the future inheritance of the empire began to emerge , encouraged by Louis and his son King Philip II . In 1173 Henry 's heir apparent , `` Young Henry '' , rebelled in protest ; he was joined by his brothers Richard and Geoffrey and by their mother , Eleanor . France , Scotland , Flanders , and Boulogne allied themselves with the rebels . The Great Revolt was only defeated by Henry 's vigorous military action and talented local commanders , many of them `` new men '' appointed for their loyalty and administrative skills . Young Henry and Geoffrey revolted again in 1183 , resulting in Young Henry 's death . The Norman invasion of Ireland provided lands for his youngest son John , but Henry struggled to find ways to satisfy all his sons ' desires for land and immediate power . Philip successfully played on Richard 's fears that Henry would make John king , and a final rebellion broke out in 1189 . Decisively defeated by Philip and Richard and suffering from a bleeding ulcer , Henry retreated to Chinon in Anjou , where he died .   Henry 's empire quickly collapsed during the reign of his youngest son John . Many of the changes Henry introduced during his long rule , however , had long-term consequences . Henry 's legal changes are generally considered to have laid the basis for the English Common Law , while his intervention in Brittany , Wales and Scotland shaped the development of their societies and governmental systems . Historical interpretations of Henry 's reign have changed considerably over time . In the 18th century , scholars argued that Henry was a driving force in the creation of a genuinely English monarchy and , ultimately , a unified Britain . During the Victorian expansion of the British Empire , historians were keenly interested in the formation of Henry 's own empire , but they also expressed concern over his private life and treatment of Becket . Late-20th-century historians have combined British and French historical accounts of Henry , challenging earlier Anglo-centric interpretations of his reign .


query: Judith Barsi died in 1988.

document: Judith Eva Barsi -LRB- June 6 , 1978 -- July 25 , 1988 -RRB- was an American child actress in the mid - to late 1980s . She began her career in television , making appearances in commercials and television shows , and later appeared in the films Jaws : The Revenge , The Land Before Time , and All Dogs Go to Heaven , supplying the voice for animated characters in the latter two . She and her mother , Maria , were both killed in July 1988 as a result of a double murder -- suicide perpetrated by her father , József .


query: Azerbaijan is one of the most irreligious countries in the Muslim world.

document: Azerbaijan -LRB- -LSB- æzərbaɪˈʒɑːn -RSB- ; Azərbaycan -RRB- , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan -LRB- Azərbaycan Respublikası -RRB- , is a country in the South Caucasus region , situated at the crossroads of Southwest Asia and Southeastern Europe . It is bound by the Caspian Sea to the east , Russia to the north , Georgia to the northwest , Armenia to the west and Iran to the south . The exclave of Nakhchivan is bound by Armenia to the north and east , Iran to the south and west , while having an 11 km border with Turkey in the north west .   The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence in 1918 and became the first democratic state in the Muslim orient world . The country was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1920 as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic . The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991 , prior to the official dissolution of the USSR in December 1991 . In September 1991 , the Armenian majority of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region seceded to form the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic . The region and seven adjacent districts outside it became de facto independent with the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994 . These regions are internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan pending a solution to the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh , found through negotiations facilitated by the OSCE .   Azerbaijan is a unitary semi-presidential republic . The country is a member state of the Council of Europe , the OSCE and the NATO Partnership for Peace -LRB- PfP -RRB- program . It is one of six independent Turkic states , an active member of the Turkic Council and the TÜRKSOY community . Azerbaijan has diplomatic relations with 158 countries and holds membership in 38 international organizations . It is one of the founding members of GUAM , the Commonwealth of Independent States -LRB- CIS -RRB- and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons . A member of the United Nations since 1992 after its independence , Azerbaijan was elected to membership in the newly established Human Rights Council by the United Nations General Assembly on 9 May 2006 . Its term of office began on 19 June 2006 . Azerbaijan is also a member state of the Non-Aligned Movement , holds observer status in World Trade Organization and is a correspondent at the International Telecommunication Union .   The Constitution of Azerbaijan does not declare an official religion and all major political forces in the country are secularist . However , the majority of the population are of a Shiite Muslim background . Most Azerbaijanis however , do not actively practice any religion , and the country has been seen to be one of the most irreligious countries in the Muslim world , with 53 % stating religion has little to no importance in their lives , according to Pew Research Center and Gallup polls . Azerbaijan has a high level of human development which ranks on par with most Eastern European countries . It has a high rate of economic development and literacy , as well as a low rate of unemployment . According to the Davos World Economic Forum , Azerbaijan 's economy has scored 37th place within 138 countries in 2016 . Global Competitiveness Index 2015 indicates that Azerbaijan scores highest in its region .   ASAN services , established with Presidential Decree , are countrywide known for eliminating bribery and corruption in the provision of public services . ASAN Service has been awarded with United Nations ' Public Service Award 2015 , which is the most prestigious award in the world in the field of public service delivery .   The ruling party , the New Azerbaijan Party , has been accused of authoritarianism and human rights abuses .


query: Cara Delevingne played a part in a movie that was directed by Jake Shreier.

document: Cara Jocelyn Delevingne -LRB- -LSB- ˈkɑːrə_ˌdɛləˈviːn -RSB- ; born 12 August 1992 -RRB- is an English fashion model and actress . She signed with Storm Model Management after leaving school in 2009 . Delevingne won the `` Model of the Year '' award at the British Fashion Awards in 2012 and 2014 and has appeared in shows for houses including Burberry , Mulberry , Dolce & Gabbana , and Jason Wu . She started her acting career with a minor role in the 2012 film adaptation of Anna Karenina . Her first major roles were as Margo Roth Spiegelman in the romantic mystery film Paper Towns -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , Kath Talent in London Fields , and the Enchantress in the comic book film Suicide Squad -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .


query: Diamonds is a work of music.

document: `` Diamonds '' is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her seventh studio album , Unapologetic -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . It was written by Sia Furler together with its producers , Benny Blanco and StarGate . The song premiered on September 26 , 2012 , during the Elvis Duran and the Morning Show and was digitally released the following day as the lead single from Unapologetic . Def Jam Recordings serviced the single to contemporary hit radio in the United States on October 2 . `` Diamonds '' is a mid-tempo pop , electronic and R&B ballad that features heavy synthesizers , orchestral sounds and electronic rhythms . The song 's lyrics serve as a departure from the themes of unhealthy relationships that were on Rihanna 's previous singles and contain a prominent concept of love .   `` Diamonds '' topped music charts in over twenty countries , including the United States , where it became Rihanna 's twelfth number one single on the Billboard Hot 100 and tied her with Madonna and The Supremes for the fifth-most number one singles in the chart 's history . `` Diamonds '' was certified quintuple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- and sold over 3.5 million digital copies in the country . By May 2013 , it had sold over 7.5 million copies worldwide and became one of the best-selling singles of all-time .   The song 's music video was shot by director Anthony Mandler , a frequent collaborator of Rihanna 's , and depicts her in four environments that represent the elements of earth , air , water , and fire . The video received positive reviews and was praised for its imagery . Some critics believe that the heavily tattooed man intertwined with Rihanna 's arm in the video resembles Chris Brown . The singer performed `` Diamonds '' on television shows such as Saturday Night Live and The X Factor and included it on the 777 , Diamonds , Monster Tour and the Anti World Tour set lists . The American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers -LRB- ASCAP -RRB- recognized it as one of the most performed songs of 2013 and 2014 . The official remix of `` Diamonds '' featured rapper Kanye West and was released on November 16 , 2012 . The song has been covered by various recording artists , including Josef Salvat , who released his own cover of `` Diamonds '' as a single .


query: Anna Kendrick achieved fame.

document: Anna Cooke Kendrick -LRB- born August 9 , 1985 -RRB- is an American actress and singer . She began her career as a child actor in theater productions . Her first prominent role was in the 1998 Broadway musical High Society , which earned her a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Musical . She made her film debut in the musical comedy Camp -LRB- 2003 -RRB- .   Kendrick rose to prominence for her supporting role in The Twilight Saga -LRB- 2008 -- 12 -RRB- , the film franchise based on Stephenie Meyer 's book series . She received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Up in the Air -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . She achieved further fame for playing the protagonist in the 2012 musical comedy Pitch Perfect and the 2015 sequel , Pitch Perfect 2 .   Kendrick has also featured in the comedy-drama 50/50 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , the crime-drama End of Watch -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , the musical-fantasy Into the Woods -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and the adult comedy Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .  In 2016 , Kendrick published her memoir , Scrappy Little Nobody .


query: Tom Cruise was in a romance film.

document: Thomas Cruise Mapother IV -LRB- born July 3 , 1962 -RRB- , known professionally as Tom Cruise , is an American actor and producer . He has been nominated for three Academy Awards and has won three Golden Globe Awards . He started his career at age 19 in the film Endless Love -LRB- 1981 -RRB- . After portraying supporting roles in Taps -LRB- 1981 -RRB- and The Outsiders -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , his first leading role was in the romantic comedy Risky Business , released in August 1983 . Cruise became a full-fledged movie star after starring as Pete `` Maverick '' Mitchell in the action drama Top Gun -LRB- 1986 -RRB- . One of the biggest movie stars in Hollywood , Cruise starred in several more successful films in the 1980s , including the dramas The Color of Money -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , Cocktail -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , Rain Man -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , and Born on the Fourth of July -LRB- 1989 -RRB- .   In the 1990s , he starred in a number of hit films , including the romance Far and Away -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , the drama A Few Good Men -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , the legal thriller The Firm -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , the drama horror film Interview with the Vampire -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , the romantic comedy-drama sports film Jerry Maguire -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , the erotic thriller Eyes Wide Shut , and the drama Magnolia -LRB- both 1999 -RRB- . Since 1996 , Cruise has been well known for his role as IMF agent Ethan Hunt in the Mission : Impossible film series , whose most recent film , Mission : Impossible -- Rogue Nation , was released in 2015 .   In the 2000s , Cruise starred in a number of successful films , including the science fiction thrillers Vanilla Sky -LRB- 2001 -RRB- and Minority Report -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , the epic war film The Last Samurai -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , the crime film Collateral -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , the science fiction disaster thriller War of the Worlds -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , and the historical thriller Valkyrie -LRB- 2008 -RRB- .   In the 2010s , he has starred in the action comedy Knight and Day -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , the thriller Jack Reacher -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , the post-apocalyptic science fiction film Oblivion -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , and the military science fiction film Edge of Tomorrow -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . In 2012 , Cruise was Hollywood 's highest-paid actor . 16 of his films grossed over $ 100 million domestically ; 22 have grossed in excess of $ 200 million worldwide .   He has won Golden Globe Awards for Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture in Drama in 1990 for Born on the Fourth of July ; Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture in Comedy/Musical in 1997 for Jerry Maguire ; and Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture in 2000 for Magnolia . In 2002 , Cruise won the Saturn Award for Best Actor for Vanilla Sky . In 2003 , he won an AFI Movie of the Year Award for The Last Samurai and an Empire Award for Best Actor for Minority Report .   Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the Church of Scientology and its associated social programs , and credits it with helping him overcome dyslexia . In the 2000s , his criticisms of psychiatry and anti-depressant drugs , particularly therapy for 9/11 rescue workers , and efforts to promote Scientology as a religion in Europe , sparked controversies , as did a leaked video interview of him promoting Scientology .


query: Just My Luck (2006 film) features an American actress and singer born in 1986 in a lead role.

document: Lindsay Dee Lohan -LRB- born July 2 , 1986 -RRB- is an American actress and singer . Lohan began her career as a child fashion model when she was three , and was later featured on the soap opera Another World for a year when she was 10 . At age 11 , Lohan made her motion picture debut in Disney 's commercially and critically successful 1998 remake of The Parent Trap . Her next major motion picture , Disney 's 2003 remake of Freaky Friday , was also a critical and commercial success . With the release of Mean Girls -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , another critical and commercial success , and Disney 's Herbie : Fully Loaded -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , another commercial success , Lohan became a teen idol sensation , a household name and a frequent focus of paparazzi and tabloids . However , Lohan 's next starring role in the romantic comedy Just My Luck -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , received poor reviews and was only a modest commercial success . Following Just My Luck , Lohan focused on smaller , more mature roles in independent movies , receiving positive comments on her work , including A Prairie Home Companion -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Bobby -LRB- 2006 -RRB- and Chapter 27 -LRB- 2007 -RRB- .   After recording several songs for her movie soundtracks , Lohan signed with Casablanca Records . Lohan 's debut studio album , titled Speak , was released in December 2004 and became the first high-seller from Casablanca in several years , selling 1 million copies in the United States alone and peaking at number four on the Billboard 200 . Though the album received mostly lukewarm reviews , it was certified platinum and sold over 4 million copies worldwide . Lohan 's second album , titled A Little More Personal -LRB- Raw -RRB- , was released in December 2005 and featured darker material than her debut had . That album received mixed reviews , and it was certified gold .   In 2007 , two driving under the influence incidents led to Lohan being put on probation , and together with three visits to rehabilitation facilities caused the loss of several movie deals . In 2008 and 2009 , Lohan worked as a fashion model and launched the clothing line 6126 . She resumed her acting career with TV work in 2008 , and starred in the TV film Labor Pains -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . She appeared in Robert Rodriguez 's feature film Machete -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . Between 2010 and 2013 , Lohan went into rehabilitation three times , and spent much of her time entangled in legal problems stemming from misdemeanors and probation violations . In 2012 and 2013 , she did further television work , including starring as Elizabeth Taylor in the biographical TV film Liz & Dick -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . In 2013 , she starred in Paul Schrader 's independent film The Canyons . In 2014 , the docu-series Lindsay aired on the Oprah Winfrey Network , and Lohan made her stage debut in the London West End production of Speed-the-Plow .


query: Abraham Lincoln promoted rapid modernization of the economy.

document: Abraham Lincoln -LRB- -LSB- ˈeɪbrəhæm_ˈlIŋkən -RSB- February 12 , 1809 -- April 15 , 1865 -RRB- was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865 . Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War -- its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral , constitutional , and political crisis . In doing so , he preserved the Union , paved the way to the abolition of slavery , strengthened the federal government , and modernized the economy .   Born in Hodgenville , Kentucky , Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in Kentucky and Indiana . Largely self-educated , he became a lawyer in Illinois , a Whig Party leader , and was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives , in which he served for eight years . Elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1846 , Lincoln promoted rapid modernization of the economy through banks , tariffs , and railroads . Because he had originally agreed not to run for a second term in Congress , and because his opposition to the Mexican -- American War was unpopular among Illinois voters , Lincoln returned to Springfield and resumed his successful law practice . Reentering politics in 1854 , he became a leader in building the new Republican Party , which had a statewide majority in Illinois . In 1858 , while taking part in a series of highly publicized debates with his opponent and rival , Democrat Stephen A. Douglas , Lincoln spoke out against the expansion of slavery , but lost the U.S. Senate race to Douglas .   In 1860 , Lincoln secured the Republican Party presidential nomination as a moderate from a swing state . Though he gained very little support in the slaveholding states of the South , he swept the North and was elected president in 1860 . Lincoln 's victory prompted seven southern slave states to form the Confederate States of America before he moved into the White House -- no compromise or reconciliation was found regarding slavery and secession . Subsequently , on April 12 , 1861 , a Confederate attack on Fort Sumter inspired the North to enthusiastically rally behind the Union . As the leader of the moderate faction of the Republican Party , Lincoln confronted Radical Republicans , who demanded harsher treatment of the South , War Democrats , who called for more compromise , anti-war Democrats -LRB- called Copperheads -RRB- , who despised him , and irreconcilable secessionists , who plotted his assassination . Politically , Lincoln fought back by pitting his opponents against each other , by carefully planned political patronage , and by appealing to the American people with his powers of oratory . His Gettysburg Address became an iconic endorsement of the principles of nationalism , republicanism , equal rights , liberty , and democracy .   Lincoln initially concentrated on the military and political dimensions of the war . His primary goal was to reunite the nation . He suspended habeas corpus , leading to the controversial ex parte Merryman decision , and he averted potential British intervention in the war by defusing the Trent Affair in late 1861 . Lincoln closely supervised the war effort , especially the selection of top generals , including his most successful general , Ulysses S. Grant . He also made major decisions on Union war strategy , including a naval blockade that shut down the South 's normal trade , moves to take control of Kentucky and Tennessee , and using gunboats to gain control of the southern river system . Lincoln tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond ; each time a general failed , Lincoln substituted another , until finally Grant succeeded . As the war progressed , his complex moves toward ending slavery included the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 ; Lincoln used the U.S. Army to protect escaped slaves , encouraged the border states to outlaw slavery , and pushed through Congress the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , which permanently outlawed slavery .   An exceptionally astute politician deeply involved with power issues in each state , Lincoln reached out to the War Democrats and managed his own re-election campaign in the 1864 presidential election . Anticipating the war 's conclusion , Lincoln pushed a moderate view of Reconstruction , seeking to reunite the nation speedily through a policy of generous reconciliation in the face of lingering and bitter divisiveness . On April 14 , 1865 , five days after the surrender of Confederate commanding general Robert E. Lee , Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth , a Confederate sympathizer .   Lincoln has been consistently ranked both by scholars and the public as among the greatest U.S. presidents .


query: Saskatchewan is bordered on the south by two U.S. states.

document: Saskatchewan -LRB- -LSB- səˈskætʃəwᵻn -RSB- or -LSB- - ˌwɑːn -RSB- -RRB- is a prairie and boreal province in western Canada , the only province without natural borders . It has an area of 651900 km2 , nearly 10 percent of which -LRB- 59366 km2 -RRB- is fresh water , composed mostly of rivers , reservoirs , and the province 's 100,000 lakes .   Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta , on the north by the Northwest Territories , on the east by Manitoba , to the northeast by Nunavut , and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota . As of December 2013 , Saskatchewan 's population was estimated at 1,114,170 . Residents primarily live in the southern prairie half of the province , while the northern boreal half is mostly forested and sparsely populated . Of the total population , roughly half live in the province 's largest city , Saskatoon , or the provincial capital , Regina . Other notable cities include Prince Albert , Moose Jaw , Yorkton , Swift Current , North Battleford , and the border city Lloydminster -LRB- partially within Alberta -RRB- .   Saskatchewan is a landlocked province with large distances to moderating bodies of waters . As a result , its climate is extremely continental , rendering severe winters throughout the province . Southern areas have very warm or hot summers . Midale and Yellow Grass near the U.S. border are tied for the highest ever recorded temperatures in Canada with 45 C observed at both locations on July 5 , 1937 . In winter , temperatures below -45 C are possible even in the south during extreme cold snaps .   Saskatchewan has been inhabited for thousands of years by various indigenous groups , and first explored by Europeans in 1690 and settled in 1774 . It became a province in 1905 , carved out from the vast North-West Territories , which had until then included most of the Canadian Prairies . In the early 20th century the province became known as a stronghold for Canadian social democracy ; North America 's first social-democratic government was elected in 1944 . The province 's economy is based on agriculture , mining , and energy . Saskatchewan 's current premier is Brad Wall and its lieutenant-governor is Vaughn Solomon Schofield .   In 1992 , the federal and provincial governments signed a historic land claim agreement with First Nations in Saskatchewan . The First Nations received compensation and were permitted to buy land on the open market for the tribes ; they have acquired about 3079 km2 , now reserve lands . Some First Nations have used their settlement to invest in urban areas , including Saskatoon .


query: Christoph Waltz is an  award-winning actor.

document: Christoph Waltz -LRB- -LSB- ˈkrɪstɔf ˈvalts -RSB- ; born 4 October 1956 -RRB- is an Austrian-German actor . Widely known for his works with American filmmaker Quentin Tarantino , he received acclaim for portraying SS-Standartenführer Hans Landa in Inglourious Basterds -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and bounty hunter Dr. King Schultz in Django Unchained -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . For each of those performances , he won an Academy Award , a BAFTA Award , and a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor . He also received the Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival and a Screen Actors Guild Award for his portrayal of Landa .   Waltz portrayed computer genius Qohen Leth in the sci-fi film The Zero Theorem -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , American plagiarist Walter Keane in the biographical film Big Eyes -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and 007 's nemesis and head of SPECTRE Ernst Stavro Blofeld in Spectre -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , the twenty-fourth James Bond film .


query: Jessica Chastain is a performer.

document: Jessica Michelle Chastain -LRB- born March 24 , 1977 -RRB- is an American actress and film producer . Born in Carmichael , California , and raised in Sacramento , Chastain developed an interest in acting from a young age . In 1998 , she made her professional stage debut as Shakespeare 's Juliet . After studying acting at the Juilliard School , she was signed to a talent holding deal with the television producer John Wells . She was a recurring guest star in several television shows , including Law & Order : Trial by Jury . She also took on roles in the stage productions of Anton Chekhov 's play The Cherry Orchard in 2004 and Oscar Wilde 's tragedy Salome in 2006 .   Chastain made her film debut in the drama Jolene -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , and gained wide recognition in 2011 for starring roles in half a dozen films , including the dramas Take Shelter and The Tree of Life . Her performance as an aspiring socialite in The Help earned her an Academy Award nomination . In 2012 , she won a Golden Globe Award and received a second Oscar nomination for playing a CIA agent in the thriller Zero Dark Thirty . Chastain made her Broadway debut in a revival of The Heiress in the same year . Her highest-grossing releases came with the science fiction films Interstellar -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and The Martian -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , as she continued to draw praise for her performances in the dramas The Disappearance of Eleanor Rigby -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , A Most Violent Year -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and Miss Sloane -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .   Chastain 's accolades include two Academy Award and British Academy Film Award nominations . She is known to prepare extensively for her roles . Chastain is the founder of the production company Freckle Films , which was created to promote diversity in film . She is vocal about social issues such as gender and racial equality , and mental health . Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2012 .


query: Anne's uncle had no legitimate children.

document: Anne -LRB- 6 February 1665 -- 1 August 1714 -RRB- became Queen of England , Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702 . On 1 May 1707 , under the Acts of Union , two of her realms , the kingdoms of England and Scotland , united as a single sovereign state known as Great Britain . She continued to reign as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death .   Anne was born in the reign of her uncle Charles II , who had no legitimate children . Her father , James , was first in line to the throne . His suspected Roman Catholicism was unpopular in England , and on Charles 's instructions Anne was raised as an Anglican . Three years after he succeeded Charles , James was deposed in the `` Glorious Revolution '' of 1688 . Anne 's Dutch Protestant brother-in-law and cousin William III became joint monarch with his wife , Anne 's elder sister Mary II . Although the sisters had been close , disagreements over Anne 's finances , status and choice of acquaintances arose shortly after Mary 's accession and they became estranged . William and Mary had no children . After Mary 's death in 1694 , William continued as sole monarch until he was succeeded by Anne upon his death in 1702 .   As queen , Anne favoured moderate Tory politicians , who were more likely to share her Anglican religious views than their opponents , the Whigs . The Whigs grew more powerful during the course of the War of the Spanish Succession , until in 1710 Anne dismissed many of them from office . Her close friendship with Sarah Churchill , Duchess of Marlborough , turned sour as the result of political differences .   Anne was plagued by ill health throughout her life . From her thirties onwards , she grew increasingly lame and obese . Despite seventeen pregnancies by her husband , Prince George of Denmark , she died without any surviving children and was the last monarch of the House of Stuart . Under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701 , she was succeeded by her second cousin George I of the House of Hanover , who was a descendant of the Stuarts through his maternal grandmother , Elizabeth , a daughter of James VI and I.


query: The Invention of Lying's cast includes Rob Lowe.

document: The Invention of Lying is a 2009 American fantasy romantic comedy film written and directed by Ricky Gervais and Matthew Robinson -LRB- in their directorial debuts -RRB- . The film stars Gervais as the first human with the ability to lie in a world where people can only tell the truth . The supporting cast features Jennifer Garner , Jonah Hill , Louis C.K. , Rob Lowe and Tina Fey . The film was released in the United States on October 2 , 2009 .


query: Michael Keaton was in a film.

document: Michael John Douglas -LRB- born September 5 , 1951 -RRB- , known professionally as Michael Keaton , is an American actor , producer and director . He first rose to fame for his comedic film roles in Night Shift -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , Mr. Mom -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , Johnny Dangerously -LRB- 1984 -RRB- and Beetlejuice -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , and he earned further acclaim for his dramatic portrayal of the title character in Tim Burton 's Batman -LRB- 1989 -RRB- and Batman Returns -LRB- 1992 -RRB- .   Since then , he has appeared in a variety of films ranging from dramas and romantic comedies to thriller and action films ; such as Clean and Sober -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , The Dream Team -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , Pacific Heights -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , Much Ado About Nothing -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , My Life -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , The Paper -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , Multiplicity -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , Jackie Brown -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Herbie : Fully Loaded -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , The Other Guys -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Need for Speed -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , RoboCop -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Spotlight -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and The Founder -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , and he has also provided voices for characters in animated films such as Cars -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Toy Story 3 -LRB- 2010 -RRB- and Minions -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . In 2017 , Keaton will play the role of Marvel Comics supervillain the Vulture in Spider-Man : Homecoming .   Keaton 's lead performance in Birdman or -LRB- The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance -RRB- -LRB- 2014 -RRB- earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy , the Critics ' Choice Award for Best Actor and Best Actor in a Comedy , and nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award , British Academy Film Award , and Academy Award for Best Actor . He previously received a Golden Globe Award nomination for his performance in Live from Baghdad -LRB- 2002 -RRB- and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for The Company -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . Keaton was awarded a Career Achievement Award from both the Hollywood Film Festival and Zurich Film Festivals .   On January 18 , 2016 , he was named Officer of Order of Arts and Letters in France . He is also a visiting scholar at Carnegie Mellon University . </span>


query: Instant film has chemicals in it.

document: Instant film is a type of photographic film introduced by Polaroid to be used in an instant camera -LRB- and , with accessory hardware , many other professional film cameras -RRB- . The film contains the chemicals needed for developing and fixing the photograph , and the instant camera exposes and initiates the developing process after a photo has been taken .   In earlier Polaroid instant cameras the film is pulled through rollers which breaks open a pod containing a reagent that is spread between the exposed negative and receiving positive sheet . This film sandwich develops for some time after which the positive sheet is peeled away from the negative to reveal the developed photo . In 1972 , Polaroid introduced integral film , which incorporated timing and receiving layers to automatically develop and fix the photo without any intervention from the photographer .   Instant film is available in sizes from 24 x -LRB- similar to 135 film -RRB- up to 50.8 x size , with the most popular film sizes for consumer snapshots being approximately 83 x -LRB- the image itself is smaller as it is surrounded by a border -RRB- . Early instant film was distributed on rolls , but later and current films are supplied in packs of 8 or 10 sheets , and single sheet films for use in large format cameras with a compatible back .   Though the quality of integral instant film is not as good as conventional film , peel apart black and white film , and to a lesser extent color film approached the quality of traditional film types . Instant film was used where it was undesirable to have to wait for a roll of conventional film to be finished and processed , e.g. , documenting evidence in law enforcement , in health care and scientific applications , and producing photographs for passports and other identity documents , or simply for snapshots to be seen immediately . Some photographers use instant film for test shots , to see how a subject or setup looks before using conventional film for the final exposure . Instant film is also used by artists to achieve effects that are impossible to accomplish with traditional photography , by manipulating the emulsion during the developing process , or separating the image emulsion from the film base . Instant film has been supplanted for most purposes by digital photography , which allows the result to be viewed immediately on a display screen or printed with dye sublimation , inkjet , or laser home or professional printers .   Instant film is notable for having had a wider range of film speeds available than other negative films of the same era , having been produced in ISO 4 to ISO 20,000 . Current instant film formats typically have an ISO between 100 and 1000 .   Two companies manufacture instant film : Fujifilm -LRB- Instax integral film -RRB- and The Impossible Project for older Polaroid cameras -LRB- 600 , SX-70 , Spectra and 8x10 -RRB- .


query: Grey's Anatomy focuses on the lives of characters that are being trained.

document: Grey 's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on American Broadcasting Company -LRB- ABC -RRB- as a mid-season replacement on March 27 , 2005 . The series focuses on the fictional lives of surgical interns , residents and attending physicians , as they evolve into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships . The title is a play on Gray 's Anatomy , a human anatomy textbook by Henry Gray . The show 's premise originated with Shonda Rhimes , who serves as an executive producer , along with Betsy Beers , Mark Gordon , Krista Vernoff , Rob Corn , Mark Wilding , and Allan Heinberg . Although it is set in Seattle at the fictional Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital -LRB- formerly Seattle Grace -RRB- it is primarily filmed in Los Angeles , California . The show was originally titled Complications , a reference to the complicated medical procedures and personal lives of the characters .   The series was created to be racially diverse , utilizing a color-blind casting technique . It revolves around the title character , Dr. Meredith Grey , played by Ellen Pompeo . The original cast consisted of nine star-billed actors : Pompeo , Sandra Oh , Katherine Heigl , Justin Chambers , T. R. Knight , Chandra Wilson , James Pickens Jr. , Isaiah Washington and Patrick Dempsey . The cast has undergone major changes through the show 's run , with many members leaving and being replaced by others . In its twelfth season , the show had a large ensemble of sixteen actors , including four from the original cast . On February 10 , 2017 , ABC renewed Grey 's Anatomy for a fourteenth season , which will premiere in the fall of 2017 .   Grey 's Anatomy , even in its thirteenth season , is ABC 's highest-rated drama ; although its ratings have fallen over the course of its run -LRB- it was once among the overall top 10 shows in the United States -RRB- , it is still one of the highest rated shows among the 18 -- 49 demographic , and the No. 3 drama on all of broadcast television . Grey 's Anatomy has been well received by critics throughout much of its run , and has been included in various critics 's year-end top ten lists . Since its inception , the show has been described by the media outlets as a television `` phenomenon '' or a `` juggernaut , '' owing to its longevity and dominant ratings . It is considered to have had a significant impact on popular culture and has received numerous awards , including the 2007 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Drama . It has received multiple Emmy nominations , including two for Outstanding Drama Series . In 2012 , Grey 's Anatomy was named the fifth-highest revenue earning show , in terms of advertising per half-hour . It is the longest running scripted primetime show currently airing on ABC , and the second-longest scripted primetime ABC show ever .


query: Jawaharlal Nehru was a leader.

document: Jawaharlal Nehru -LRB- -LSB- ˈneɪruː , _ ˈnɛruː -RSB- -LSB- ˈdʒəʋaːɦərˈlaːl ˈneːɦru -RSB- ; 14 November 1889 -- 27 May 1964 -RRB- was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence . He emerged as the paramount leader of the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and ruled India from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964 . He is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state : a sovereign , socialist , secular , and democratic republic . He was also known as Pandit Nehru due to his roots with the Kashmiri Pandit community while many Indian children knew him as Chacha Nehru -LRB- Hindi , lit. , `` Uncle Nehru '' -RRB- .   The son of Motilal Nehru , a prominent lawyer and nationalist statesman and Swaroop Rani , Nehru was a graduate of Trinity College , Cambridge and the Inner Temple , where he trained to be a barrister . Upon his return to India , he enrolled at the Allahabad High Court , and took an interest in national politics , which eventually replaced his legal practice . A committed nationalist since his teenage years , he became a rising figure in Indian politics during the upheavals of the 1910s . He became the prominent leader of the left-wing factions of the Indian National Congress during the 1920s , and eventually of the entire Congress , with the tacit approval of his mentor , Gandhi . As Congress President in 1929 , Nehru called for complete independence from the British Raj and instigated the Congress 's decisive shift towards the left .   Nehru and the Congress dominated Indian politics during the 1930s as the country moved towards independence . His idea of a secular nation-state was seemingly validated when the Congress , under his leadership , swept the 1937 provincial elections and formed the government in several provinces ; on the other hand , the separatist Muslim League fared much poorer . But these achievements were seriously compromised in the aftermath of the Quit India Movement in 1942 , which saw the British effectively crush the Congress as a political organisation . Nehru , who had reluctantly heeded Gandhi 's call for immediate independence , for he had desired to support the Allied war effort during World War II , came out of a lengthy prison term to a much altered political landscape . The Muslim League under his old Congress colleague and now bête noire , Muhammad Ali Jinnah , had come to dominate Muslim politics in India . Negotiations between Nehru and Jinnah for power sharing failed and gave way to the independence and bloody partition of India in 1947 .   Nehru was elected by the Congress to assume office as independent India 's first Prime Minister , although the question of leadership had been settled as far back as 1941 , when Gandhi acknowledged Nehru as his political heir and successor . As Prime Minister , he set out to realise his vision of India . The Constitution of India was enacted in 1950 , after which he embarked on an ambitious program of economic , social and political reforms . Chiefly , he oversaw India 's transition from a colony to a republic , while nurturing a plural , multi-party system . In foreign policy , he took a leading role in the Non-Aligned Movement while projecting India as a regional hegemon in South Asia .   Under Nehru 's leadership , the Congress emerged as a catch-all party , dominating national and state-level politics and winning consecutive elections in 1951 , 1957 , and 1962 . He remained popular with the people of India in spite of political troubles in his final years and failure of leadership during the 1962 Sino-Indian War . In India , his birthday is celebrated as Children 's Day .


query: Give Me Everything was released in March.

document: `` Give Me Everything '' is a song written and performed by American rapper Pitbull , American R&B singer Ne-Yo , and Dutch DJ Afrojack , featuring additional vocals from American singer Nayer . Produced by Afrojack , it was released on March 21 , 2011 , as the second single from Pitbull 's sixth studio album , Planet Pit -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . Rolling Stone described the song as a `` club-pop cut with a plaintive Ne-Yo chorus . ''   In the United States , `` Give Me Everything '' became Pitbull 's first number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100 . It also became his first number one in the United Kingdom as the main artist . The song has also peaked at number one in Belgium , Canada , Ireland , the Netherlands and within the top-five in twelve countries . It was the seventh best-selling digital single of 2011 with worldwide sales of 11.2 million copies , making it one of the best-selling singles of all time .


query: Soundgarden signed to an American record label.

document: Soundgarden is an American rock band formed in Seattle , Washington , in 1984 by singer and rhythm guitarist Chris Cornell , lead guitarist Kim Thayil , and bassist Hiro Yamamoto . Matt Cameron became the band 's full-time drummer in 1986 , while bassist Ben Shepherd became a permanent replacement for Yamamoto in 1990 . Cornell remained in Soundgarden until his death in May 2017 , putting the band 's future in doubt and leaving Thayil as the only remaining original member of the band .   Soundgarden was one of the seminal bands in the creation of grunge , a style of alternative rock that developed in Seattle , and was one of a number of grunge bands signed to the record label Sub Pop . Soundgarden was the first grunge band to sign to a major label -LRB- A&M Records in 1988 -RRB- , though the band did not achieve commercial success until they popularized the genre in the early 1990s with Seattle contemporaries Pearl Jam , Nirvana , and Alice in Chains .   Soundgarden achieved its biggest success with the 1994 album Superunknown , which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and yielded the Grammy Award-winning singles `` Black Hole Sun '' and `` Spoonman '' . In 1997 , the band broke up due to internal strife over its creative direction . After more than a decade of working on projects and other bands , Soundgarden reunited in 2010 and their sixth studio album , King Animal , was released two years later .   As of 2012 , Soundgarden sold more than 10.5 million records in the United States , and an estimated 22.5 million worldwide . VH1 ranked Soundgarden at number 14 in their special 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock .


query: Vikram appeared in a film directed by Bala in 1999.

document: Kennedy John Victor , known professionally as Vikram or Chiyaan Vikram , is an Indian film actor who predominantly appears in Tamil language films and has won seven Filmfare Awards as well as one National Film Award and Tamil Nadu State Film Award amongst other recognitions and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the People 's University of Milan in May 2011 .   He made his debut in the 1990 film En Kadhal Kanmani , which was followed by a series of small-budget Tamil , Malayalam and Telugu films in the 1990s , many of which went unnoticed . However , the success of Bala 's tragedy film Sethu -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , in which Vikram appeared as a rogue turned lover , started Vikram 's successful career as an actor . In the early 2000s , Vikram appeared in a series of masala films , with Dhill -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , Gemini -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , Dhool -LRB- 2003 -RRB- and Saamy -LRB- 2003 -RRB- becoming commercially successful ventures . During the period , Vikram also appeared in diverse roles and received critical acclaim for his performance as a blind villager in Kasi and a Robin Hood-esque figure in Samurai . In 2003 , Vikram 's performance as a gravedigger with autism spectrum disorders in Bala 's Pithamagan saw him win the National Film Award for Best Actor , with his character only speaking a couple of lines of dialogue in the entire film . His appearance as an idealistic lawyer with multiple personality disorder in Shankar 's blockbuster Anniyan -LRB- 2005 -RRB- also won critical acclaim , as did his appearance as a superhero in Kanthaswamy -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . Vikram 's portrayal of Veeraiya , a tribal leader inspired by the Ramayana character Ravana , in Mani Ratnam 's Raavanan saw him secure further accolades , as did his appearance as a mentally challenged adult with the maturity of a six-year-old boy in Deiva Thirumagal -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . He consequently appeared in multiple get-ups as a bodybuilder and a crippled hunchback , losing up to 35 kilograms for sequences , during the making of Shankar 's romantic thriller I -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and won rave reviews from critics for his performance . It is currently the fourth highest-grossing Tamil film of all time .   Vikram has promoted various social causes and appeared as the Youth Envoy for the United Nations Human Settlements Programme in 2011 . He has been a brand ambassador of Sanjeevani Trust and a school for special children , Vidya Sudha , which he stayed at during the making of Deiva Thirumagal as well as having long-term associations with the Kasi Eye Care and running his own welfare association through the Vikram Foundation . In 2016 , he produced and directed the video to the flood relief anthem , Spirit of Chennai , as a tribute to the city 's volunteers following the -LSB- -LSB- 2015 South Indian floods -RSB-


query: Maid in Manhattan is a 2002 film.

document: Maid in Manhattan is a 2002 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Wayne Wang and based on a story by John Hughes , who is credited using a pseudonym . It stars Jennifer Lopez , Ralph Fiennes , and Natasha Richardson . In the film , a hotel maid and a high profile politician fall in love . The film was released on December 13 , 2002 .


query: Tina Fey has won awards for television.

document: Elizabeth Stamatina `` Tina '' Fey -LRB- -LSB- feɪ -RSB- born May 18 , 1970 -RRB- is an American actress , comedian , writer , and producer . She is known for her work on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live -LRB- 1998 -- today -RRB- , for her impression of former Alaska Governor and 2008 Vice-Presidential candidate Sarah Palin , and for creating acclaimed series 30 Rock -LRB- 2006 -- 2013 -RRB- and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt -LRB- 2015 -- present -RRB- . She is also well known for writing and co-starring in the film Mean Girls -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , as well as appearing in such films as Baby Mama -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Date Night -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Muppets Most Wanted -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and Sisters -LRB- 2015 -RRB- .   Fey broke into comedy as a featured player in the Chicago-based improvisational comedy group The Second City . She then joined SNL as a writer , later becoming head writer and a performer , known for her position as co-anchor in the Weekend Update segment . In 2004 , she co-starred in and wrote the screenplay for Mean Girls , which was adapted from the 2002 self-help book Queen Bees and Wannabes . After leaving SNL in 2006 , she created the television series 30 Rock for Broadway Video , a situation comedy loosely based on her experiences at SNL . In the series , Fey portrays the head writer of a fictional sketch comedy series . In 2008 , she starred in the comedy film Baby Mama , alongside former SNL co-star Amy Poehler . Fey next appeared in the 2010 comedy film Date Night and the animated film Megamind . In 2015 , she created and produced the television series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt , originally for NBC and eventually for Netflix . Her other films include Sisters and Whiskey Tango Foxtrot .   Fey has received nine Emmy Awards , two Golden Globe Awards , five Screen Actors Guild Awards , and four Writers Guild of America Awards . Her autobiography Bossypants topped The New York Times Best Seller list for five weeks . In 2008 , the Associated Press gave Fey the AP Entertainer of the Year award for her satirical portrayal of Republican vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin in a guest appearance on SNL . In 2010 , Fey was awarded the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor , becoming the youngest-ever recipient of the award . On January 13 , 2013 , Fey hosted the 70th Golden Globe Awards with her long-time friend and fellow comedian , Amy Poehler , to critical acclaim . The duo hosted again the following two years , generating the highest ratings for the annual ceremony in a decade and receiving similar acclaim .


query: San Bernardino is one of 8 counties in Southern California.

document: Southern California , often abbreviated as SoCal , is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California 's 10 southernmost counties . The region is traditionally described as eight counties , based on demographics and economic ties : Imperial , Los Angeles , Orange , Riverside , San Bernardino , San Diego , Santa Barbara , and Ventura . The more extensive 10-county definition , which includes Kern and San Luis Obispo counties , is also used and is based on historical political divisions .   The 8-county and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion , one of the 11 megaregions of the United States . The megaregion is more expansive , extending east into Las Vegas , Nevada and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana .   Southern California includes the heavily built-up urban area which stretches along the Pacific coast from Ventura through the Greater Los Angeles Area and the Inland Empire , and down to Greater San Diego . Southern California 's population encompasses seven metropolitan areas : the Los Angeles metropolitan area -LRB- Los Angeles and Orange counties -RRB- , the Inland Empire , -LRB- Riverside and San Bernardino counties -RRB- , the San Diego metropolitan area , the Oxnard -- Thousand Oaks -- Ventura metropolitan area , the Santa Barbara metropolitan area , the San Luis Obispo metropolitan area , and the El Centro area . The Los Angeles area has over 12 million inhabitants , while the Riverside-San Bernardino area has over 4 million inhabitants and the San Diego area has over 3 million inhabitants . For Community Supported Agriculture -LRB- CSA -RRB- metropolitan purposes , the five counties of Los Angeles , Orange , Riverside , San Bernardino , and Ventura , are all combined to make up the Greater Los Angeles Area with over 17.5 million people . With over 22 million people , Southern California contains roughly 60 percent of California 's population .   The Colorado Desert and the Colorado River are located on Southern California 's eastern border with Arizona , and the Mojave Desert is located north on California 's Nevada border . Southern California 's southern border is part of the Mexico -- United States border .


query: Coldplay is British.

document: Coldplay are a British rock band formed in 1996 by lead vocalist and keyboardist Chris Martin and lead guitarist Jonny Buckland at University College London -LRB- UCL -RRB- . After they formed under the name Pectoralz , Guy Berryman joined the group as bassist and they changed their name to Starfish . Will Champion joined as drummer and backing vocalist , completing the lineup . Creative director Phil Harvey is often referred to as the fifth member by the band . The band renamed themselves `` Coldplay '' in 1998 , before recording and releasing three EPs : Safety in 1998 and Brothers & Sisters and The Blue Room in 1999 . The Blue Room was their first release on a major label , after signing to Parlophone .   Coldplay achieved worldwide fame with the release of the single `` Yellow '' in 2000 , followed in the same year by their debut album Parachutes , which was nominated for the Mercury Prize . The band 's second album , A Rush of Blood to the Head -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , was released to critical acclaim and won awards including NME 's Album of the Year . Their next release , X&Y , the bestselling album worldwide in 2005 , received mostly positive reviews , though some critics felt it was inferior to its predecessor . Their fourth studio album , Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , was produced by Brian Eno and released to largely positive reviews , earning several Grammy Award nominations and wins at the 51st Grammy Awards . In October 2011 , Coldplay released their fifth studio album , Mylo Xyloto , which topped the charts in over 34 countries and was the UK 's best-selling rock album of 2011 , but received mixed reviews , In May 2014 , they released their sixth album , Ghost Stories , which also received mixed reviews and topped the iTunes Store albums charts in over 100 countries . In December 2015 , the band released their seventh album , A Head Full of Dreams , which reached the top two in most major markets , but received generally mixed reviews .   Coldplay have won 62 awards from 209 nominations throughout their career , including nine Brit Awards -- winning Best British Group four times -- five MTV Video Music Awards and seven Grammy Awards from 31 nominations . They have sold more than 80 million records worldwide , making them one of the world 's bestselling music artists . In December 2009 , Rolling Stone readers voted the group the fourth-best artist of the 2000s . Coldplay have supported various social and political causes , such as Oxfam 's Make Trade Fair campaign and Amnesty International . They have also performed at charity projects including Band Aid 20 , Live 8 , Sound Relief , Hope for Haiti Now : A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief , The Secret Policeman 's Ball , Sport Relief and the UK Teenage Cancer Trust .


query: Darth Vader is an antagonist in the Star Trek universe.

document: Darth Vader , also known by his birth name Anakin Skywalker , is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise . Vader appears in the original film trilogy as a pivotal antagonist whose actions drive the plot , while his past as Anakin Skywalker and the story of his corruption are central to the narrative of the prequel trilogy .   The character was created by George Lucas and has been portrayed by numerous actors . His appearances span the first six Star Wars films , as well as Rogue One , and his character is heavily referenced in Star Wars : The Force Awakens . He is also an important character in the Star Wars expanded universe of television series , video games , novels , literature and comic books . Originally a Jedi prophesied to bring balance to the Force , he falls to the dark side of the Force and serves the evil Galactic Empire at the right hand of his Sith master , Emperor Palpatine -LRB- also known as Darth Sidious -RRB- . He is also the father of Luke Skywalker and Princess Leia Organa , secret husband of Padmé Amidala and grandfather of Kylo Ren .   Darth Vader has become one of the most iconic villains in popular culture , and has been listed among the greatest villains and fictional characters ever . The American Film Institute listed him as the third greatest movie villain in cinema history on 100 Years ... 100 Heroes and Villains , behind Hannibal Lecter and Norman Bates . However , other critics consider him a tragic hero , citing his original motivations for the greater good before his fall to the dark side .


query: John Adams was a lawyer.

document: John Adams -LRB- October 30 -LSB- O.S. October 19 -RSB- 1735 -- July 4 , 1826 -RRB- was an American patriot who served as the second President of the United States -LRB- 1797 -- 1801 -RRB- and the first Vice President -LRB- 1789 -- 97 -RRB- . He was a lawyer , diplomat , statesman , political theorist , and , as a Founding Father , a leader of the movement for American independence from Great Britain . He was also a dedicated diarist and correspondent , particularly with his wife and closest advisor Abigail .   He collaborated with his cousin , revolutionary leader Samuel Adams , but he established his own prominence prior to the American Revolution . After the Boston Massacre , he provided a successful -LRB- though unpopular -RRB- legal defense of the accused British soldiers , in the face of severe local anti-British sentiment and driven by his devotion to the right to counsel and the `` protect -LSB- ion -RSB- of innocence '' . Adams was a delegate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress , where he played a leading role in persuading Congress to declare independence . He assisted Thomas Jefferson in drafting the Declaration of Independence in 1776 , and was its foremost advocate in the Congress . As a diplomat in Europe , he helped negotiate the eventual peace treaty with Great Britain , and acquired vital governmental loans from Amsterdam bankers . Adams was the primary author of the Massachusetts Constitution in 1780 which influenced American political theory , as did his earlier Thoughts on Government -LRB- 1776 -RRB- .   Adams 's credentials as a revolutionary secured for him two terms as President George Washington 's vice president -LRB- 1789 to 1797 -RRB- and also his own election in 1796 as the second president . In his single term as president , he encountered fierce criticism from the Jeffersonian Republicans , as well as the dominant faction in his own Federalist Party , led by his rival Alexander Hamilton . Adams signed the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts , and built up the army and navy in the face of an undeclared naval `` Quasi-War '' with France . The major accomplishment of his presidency was a peaceful resolution of the conflict in the face of Hamilton 's opposition . Due to his strong posture on defense , Adams is `` often called the father of the American Navy '' . He was the first U.S. president to reside in the executive mansion , now known as the White House .   In 1800 , Adams lost re-election to Thomas Jefferson and retired to Massachusetts . He eventually resumed his friendship with Jefferson upon the latter 's own retirement by initiating a correspondence which lasted fourteen years . He and his wife established a family of politicians , diplomats , and historians now referred to as the Adams political family . Adams was the father of John Quincy Adams , the sixth President of the United States . He died on the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence , and the same day as Jefferson . Modern historians in the aggregate have favorably ranked his administration .


query: Selma Blair stars in Legally Blonde.

document: Legally Blonde is a 2001 American comedy film adapted from the novel of the same title by Amanda Brown . It was directed by Robert Luketic , scripted by Karen McCullah Lutz and Kirsten Smith , and stars Reese Witherspoon , Luke Wilson , Selma Blair , Matthew Davis , Victor Garber , and Jennifer Coolidge . The film tells the story of Elle Woods , a sorority girl who attempts to win back her ex-boyfriend by getting a law degree .   The film was released on July 13 , 2001 , and received positive reviews from critics . The critics ' consensus states that `` though the material is predictable and formulaic , Reese Witherspoon 's funny , nuanced performance makes this movie better than it would have been otherwise '' . It was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture : Musical or Comedy and ranked 29th on Bravo 's 2007 list of `` 100 Funniest Movies '' . Witherspoon received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , and the 2002 MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance .   The box-office success led to a 2003 sequel , Red , White & Blonde , and a 2009 direct-to-DVD spin-off , Legally Blondes . Additionally , Legally Blonde : The Musical premiered on January 23 , 2007 , in San Francisco and opened in New York City at the Palace Theatre on Broadway on April 29 , 2007 , starring Laura Bell Bundy .


query: Attack on Titan is produced by Wit Studio and Production I.G.

document: is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hajime Isayama . The series began in Kodansha 's Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine on September 9 , 2009 , and has been collected into 22 tankōbon volumes as of April 2017 . It is set in a world where humanity lives in cities surrounded by enormous walls ; a defense against the Titans , gigantic humanoids that eat humans seemingly without reason . The story initially centers on Eren Yeager , his adopted sister Mikasa Ackerman and childhood friend Armin Arlert , who join the military to fight the Titans after their home town is invaded and Eren 's mother is eaten . However , as the story progresses and the truths about the Titans are slowly revealed to the reader , the narrative shifts to encompass Historia Reiss , squad leader Levi , Eren 's father Grisha , and other supporting characters .   The spin-off light novel series Before the Fall began in December 2011 and has received a manga adaptation . Two additional light novel series and four additional spin-off manga series have also been created . An anime television adaptation produced by Wit Studio and Production I.G aired in Japan on MBS between April and September 2013 and a second season of the series premiered in April 2017 . Four video game adaptations developed by Nitroplus staffers in collaboration with Production I.G were announced to be released as bonus content for the third and sixth volumes of the Blu-ray Disc release of the anime , with another game developed by Spike Chunsoft for the Nintendo 3DS . A two-part live-action film adaptation , Attack on Titan and Attack on Titan : End of the World , and a live-action web-series were released in 2015 . An anime adaptation of the Junior High spin-off manga , produced by Production I.G , began airing in October 2015 . Attack on Titan and all five spin-off manga are published in North America by Kodansha Comics USA , while the three novel series are published by Vertical . The anime has been licensed by Funimation for North America , by Manga Entertainment for the UK , and by Madman Entertainment for Australasia .   Attack on Titan has become a commercial success . As of April 2017 , the manga has 66 million copies in print . The release of the anime also saw a boost in the series ' popularity , with it having received widespread critical acclaim for its atmosphere and story . Although it also gained fame in neighboring Asian countries , the series ' themes have been a subject of controversy .


query: The National Security Agency has at least one official responsibility.

document: The National Security Agency -LRB- NSA -RRB- is a military intelligence organization and a constituent of the United States Department of Defense -LRB- DOD -RRB- . The NSA is responsible for global monitoring , collection , and processing of information and data for foreign intelligence and counterintelligence purposes , a discipline known as signals intelligence -LRB- SIGINT -RRB- . NSA is concurrently charged with protection of U.S. government communications and information systems against penetration and network warfare . Although many of NSA 's programs rely on `` passive '' electronic collection , the agency is authorized to accomplish its mission through active clandestine means , among which are physically bugging electronic systems and allegedly engaging in sabotage through subversive software . Moreover , NSA maintains physical presence in a large number of countries across the globe , where its Special Collection Service -LRB- SCS -RRB- inserts eavesdropping devices in difficult-to-reach places . SCS collection tactics allegedly encompass `` close surveillance , burglary , wiretapping , breaking and entering . ''   Unlike the Defense Intelligence Agency -LRB- DIA -RRB- and the Central Intelligence Agency -LRB- CIA -RRB- , both of which specialize primarily in foreign human espionage , NSA does not unilaterally conduct human-source intelligence gathering , despite often being portrayed so in popular culture . Instead , NSA is entrusted with assistance to and coordination of SIGINT elements at other government organizations , which are prevented by law from engaging in such activities without the approval of the NSA via the Defense Secretary . As part of these streamlining responsibilities , the agency has a co-located organization called the Central Security Service -LRB- CSS -RRB- , which was created to facilitate cooperation between NSA and other U.S. military cryptanalysis components . Additionally , the NSA Director simultaneously serves as the Commander of the United States Cyber Command and as Chief of the Central Security Service .   Originating as a unit to decipher coded communications in World War II , it was officially formed as the NSA by President Harry S. Truman in 1952 . Since then , it has become one of the largest U.S. intelligence organizations in terms of personnel and budget , operating as part of the Department of Defense and simultaneously reporting to the Director of National Intelligence .   NSA surveillance has been a matter of political controversy on several occasions , such as its spying on anti-Vietnam-war leaders and economic espionage . In 2013 , the extent of some of the NSA 's secret surveillance programs was revealed to the public by Edward Snowden . According to the leaked documents , the NSA intercepts the communications of over a billion people worldwide , many of whom are United States citizens , and tracks the movement of hundreds of millions of people using cellphones . Internationally , research has pointed to the NSA 's ability to surveil the domestic Internet traffic of foreign countries through `` boomerang routing '' .


query: The Proposal stars Betty White.

document: The Proposal is a 2009 American romantic comedy film directed by Anne Fletcher and written by Peter Chiarelli . The film stars Sandra Bullock and Ryan Reynolds , Betty White , Mary Steenburgen and Craig T. Nelson . The film was produced by Mandeville Films and released on June 19 , 2009 , in North America by Touchstone Pictures . The plot centers on a Canadian executive , Margaret Tate , who learns that she may face deportation from the U.S. because of her expired visa . Determined to retain her position as editor in chief of a publishing house , Tate convinces her assistant , Andrew Paxton , to temporarily act as her fiancé . Initially planning on resuming their lives after Tate resolves her visa issues , they appear to abandon those plans as their relationship intensifies .   Development on the film began in 2005 , when Chiarelli wrote the film 's script . Principal filming occurred over a period of two months from March to May 2008 . The film received mixed reviews from critics , who criticized its script , but praised the chemistry between Bullock and Reynolds . The film was a box office success , grossing over $ 317 million worldwide , becoming the highest grossing romantic comedy film of 2009 .


query: Serena Williams has a sister.

document: Serena Jameka Williams -LRB- born September 26 , 1981 -RRB- is an American professional tennis player . The Women 's Tennis Association -LRB- WTA -RRB- has ranked her world no. 1 in singles on eight occasions , from 2002 to 2017 . She became the world no. 1 for the first time on July 8 , 2002 . On the sixth occasion , she held the ranking for 186 consecutive weeks , tying the record set by Steffi Graf for the most consecutive weeks as world no. 1 by a female tennis player . In total , she has been world no. 1 for 319 weeks , which ranks her third in the Open Era among female tennis players . Williams ' accomplishments and success in professional tennis have led some commentators , players , and sports writers to regard her as the greatest female tennis player of all time .   Williams holds the most Grand Slam titles in singles , doubles , and mixed doubles combined amongst active players . Her record of 39 Grand Slam titles puts her third on the all-time list and second in the open era : 23 in singles , 14 in women 's doubles , and 2 in mixed doubles . She is the most recent female player to have held all four Grand Slam singles titles simultaneously -LRB- 2002 -- 03 and 2014 -- 15 -RRB- and the third player to achieve this record twice after Rod Laver and Steffi Graf . She is also the most recent player , together with her sister Venus Williams , to have held all four Grand Slam women 's doubles titles simultaneously -LRB- 2009 -- 10 -RRB- .   Her total of 23 Grand Slam singles titles marks the record for the most Grand Slam wins by a tennis player in the Open Era , and is second on the all-time list behind Margaret Court -LRB- 24 -RRB- . She is the only tennis player in history -LRB- man or woman -RRB- to have won singles titles at least six times in three of the four Grand Slam tournaments , and the only player ever to have won two of the four Grand Slams seven times each -LRB- seven Wimbledon titles and seven Australian Open titles -RRB- . She is also the only tennis player to have won 10 Grand Slam singles titles in two separate decades . She has won an all-time record of 13 Grand Slam singles titles on hardcourt . Williams holds the Open Era record for most titles won at the Australian Open -LRB- 7 -RRB- and shares the Open Era record for most titles won at the US Open with Chris Evert -LRB- 6 -RRB- . She also holds an all-time record for the most singles matches won at the Grand Slams -LRB- man or woman -RRB- with 316 matches -LRB- through the 2017 Australian Open -RRB- .   She has won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles with her sister Venus , and the pair are unbeaten in Grand Slam doubles finals . As a team , she and Venus have the third most women 's doubles grand slam titles , behind the 18 titles of Natasha Zvereva -LRB- 14 with Gigi Fernández -RRB- and the record 20 titles won by Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver . Williams is also a five-time winner of the WTA Tour Championships in the singles division . Serena has also won four Olympic gold medals , one in women 's singles and three in women 's doubles -- an all-time record shared with her sister , Venus . The arrival of the Williams sisters has been credited with ushering in a new era of power and athleticism on the women 's professional tennis tour . Williams was the highest paid female athlete in 2016 , earning $ 28.9 million in prize money and endorsements . She has won the Laureus Sportswoman of the Year award three times -LRB- 2003 , 2010 , 2016 -RRB- , and in December 2015 , she was named Sportsperson of the Year by Sports Illustrated magazine .


query: Henry VIII of England had a war with Francis I of France.

document: Henry VIII -LRB- 28 June 1491 -- 28 January 1547 -RRB- was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death . Henry was the second Tudor monarch , succeeding his father , Henry VII .   Henry is best known for his six marriages and , in particular , his efforts to have his first marriage , to Catherine of Aragon , annulled . His disagreement with the Pope on the question of such an annulment led Henry to initiate the English Reformation , separating the Church of England from papal authority and appointing himself the Supreme Head of the Church of England . Despite his resulting excommunication , Henry remained a believer in core Catholic theological teachings .   Domestically , Henry is known for his radical changes to the English Constitution , ushering in the theory of the divine right of kings to England . Besides asserting the sovereign 's supremacy over the Church of England , he greatly expanded royal power during his reign . Charges of treason and heresy were commonly used to quash dissent , and those accused were often executed without a formal trial , by means of bills of attainder . He achieved many of his political aims through the work of his chief ministers , some of whom were banished or executed when they fell out of his favour . Thomas Wolsey , Thomas More , Thomas Cromwell , Richard Rich , and Thomas Cranmer all figured prominently in Henry 's administration . He was an extravagant spender and used the proceeds from the Dissolution of the Monasteries and acts of the Reformation Parliament to convert into royal revenue the money that was formerly paid to Rome . Despite the influx of money from these sources , Henry was continually on the verge of financial ruin due to his personal extravagance as well as his numerous costly continental wars , particularly with Francis I of France and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V , as he sought to enforce his claim to the Kingdom of France . At home , he oversaw the legal union of England and Wales with the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 and following the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 he was the first English monarch to rule as King of Ireland .   His contemporaries considered Henry in his prime to be an attractive , educated , and accomplished king , and he has been described as `` one of the most charismatic rulers to sit on the English throne '' . He was an author and composer . As he aged , Henry became severely obese and his health suffered , contributing to his death in 1547 . He is frequently characterised in his later life as a lustful , egotistical , harsh , and insecure king . He was succeeded by his son Edward VI .


query: Eragon is a film with the main character played by Ed Speleers.

document: Eragon is a 2006 British-American action-fantasy film directed by Stefen Fangmeier -LRB- in his directorial debut -RRB- and written by Peter Buchman , based on the novel of the same name by Christopher Paolini . The film stars Ed Speleers in the title role as well as Jeremy Irons , Garrett Hedlund , Sienna Guillory , Robert Carlyle , John Malkovich , Djimon Hounsou , Alun Armstrong and Joss Stone , with Rachel Weisz as the voice of Saphira the dragon .   Principal photography took place at the Mafilm Fót Studios in Hungary , starting on August 1 , 2005 . Visual effects and animation were by Weta Digital and Industrial Light & Magic . Eragon was released worldwide between December 13 and December 15 , 2006 by 20th Century Fox . It was the 10th worst reviewed film of 2006 on Rotten Tomatoes , but the 31st highest-grossing film of 2006 in the US . The film was released for home entertainment on March 20 , 2007 . It is notable for being the last film to be released on VHS in the United States .


query: Adolf Hitler's ideology was racially motivated.

document: Antisemitism -LRB- also spelled anti-Semitism or anti-semitism -RRB- is hostility , prejudice , or discrimination directed against Jews as a group . A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite . Antisemitism is generally considered to be a form of racism .   The root word Semite gives the false impression that antisemitism is directed against all Semitic people , e.g. , including Arabs . The compound word antisemite was popularized in Germany in 1879 as a scientific-sounding term for Judenhass `` Jew-hatred '' , and that has been its common use since then .   Antisemitism may be manifested in many ways , ranging from expressions of hatred of or discrimination against individual Jews to organized pogroms by mobs , state police , or even military attacks on entire Jewish communities . Although the term did not come into common usage until the 19th century , it is now also applied to historic anti-Jewish incidents . Notable instances of persecution include the Rhineland massacres preceding the First Crusade in 1096 , the Edict of Expulsion from England in 1290 , the massacres of Spanish Jews in 1391 , the persecutions of the Spanish Inquisition , the expulsion from Spain in 1492 , the Cossack massacres in Ukraine from 1648 to 1657 , various anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire between 1821 and 1906 , the 1894 -- 1906 Dreyfus affair in France , the Holocaust in German-occupied Europe , official Soviet anti-Jewish policies , and Arab and Muslim involvement in the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries .


query: Singapore is considered a safe place to live.

document: Singapore -LRB- -LSB- ˈsɪŋgəpɔr -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Republic of Singapore , sometimes referred to as the Lion City , the Garden City or the Little Red Dot , is a sovereign city-state in Southeast Asia . It lies one degree -LRB- 137 km -RRB- north of the equator , at the southern tip of peninsular Malaysia , with Indonesia 's Riau Islands to the south . Singapore 's territory consists of one main island along with 62 other islets . Since independence , extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23 % -LRB- 130 km2 -RRB- , and its greening policy has covered the densely populated island with tropical flora , parks and gardens .   Stamford Raffles founded colonial Singapore in 1819 as a trading post of the East India Company ; after its collapse and the eventual establishment of the British Raj , the islands were ceded to Britain and became part of its Straits Settlements in 1826 . During the Second World War , Singapore was occupied by Japan . It gained independence from the UK in 1963 by federating with other former British territories to form Malaysia , but separated two years later over ideological differences , becoming a sovereign nation in 1965 . After early years of turbulence , and despite lacking natural resources and a hinterland , the nation developed rapidly as an Asian Tiger economy , based on external trade and its workforce .   Singapore is a global commerce , finance and transport hub . Its standings include : the most `` technology-ready '' nation -LRB- WEF -RRB- , top International-meetings city -LRB- UIA -RRB- , city with `` best investment potential '' -LRB- BERI -RRB- , second-most competitive country , third-largest foreign exchange market , third-largest financial centre , third-largest oil refining and trading centre , and the second-busiest container port . The country has also been identified as a tax haven .   Singapore ranks 5th on the UN Human Development Index and the 3rd highest GDP per capita . It is ranked highly in education , healthcare , life expectancy , quality of life , personal safety , and housing . Although income inequality is high , 90 % of homes are owner-occupied . 38 % of Singapore 's 5.6 million residents are permanent residents and other foreign nationals . There are four official languages : English -LRB- common and first language -RRB- , Malay , Mandarin , Tamil ; almost all Singaporeans are bilingual .   Singapore is a unitary multiparty parliamentary republic , with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government . The People 's Action Party has won every election since self-government in 1959 . The dominance of the PAP , coupled with a low level of press freedom and restrictions on civil liberties and political rights , has led to Singapore being classified by some as a semi-authoritarian regime . One of the five founding members of the ASEAN , Singapore is also the host of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation -LRB- APEC -RRB- Secretariat , and a member of the East Asia Summit , Non-Aligned Movement , and the Commonwealth of Nations .


query: Central America contains Costa Rica.

document: Central America -LRB- América Central or Centroamérica -RRB- is the southernmost , isthmian portion of the North American continent , which connects with South America on the southeast . Central America is bordered by Mexico to the north , Colombia to the southeast , the Caribbean Sea to the east , and the Pacific Ocean to the west . Central America consists of seven countries : Belize , Costa Rica , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Nicaragua , and Panama . The combined population of Central America is between 41,739,000 -LRB- 2009 estimate -RRB- and 42,688,190 -LRB- 2012 estimate -RRB- .   Central America is a part of the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot , which extends from northern Guatemala through to central Panama . Due to the presence of several active geologic faults and the Central America Volcanic Arc , there is a great deal of seismic activity in the region . Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur frequently ; these natural disasters have resulted in the loss of many lives and much property .   In the Pre-Columbian era , Central America was inhabited by the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica to the north and west and the Isthmo-Colombian peoples to the south and east . Soon after Christopher Columbus 's voyages to the Americas , the Spanish began to colonize the Americas . From 1609 until 1821 , most of the territory within Central America -- except for the lands that would become Belize and Panama -- was governed by the Viceroyalty of New Spain from Mexico City as the Captaincy General of Guatemala . After New Spain achieved independence from Spain in 1821 , some of its provinces were annexed to the First Mexican Empire , but soon seceded from Mexico to form the Federal Republic of Central America , which lasted from 1823 to 1838 . The seven states finally became independent autonomous states : beginning with Nicaragua , Honduras , Costa Rica , and Guatemala -LRB- 1838 -RRB- ; followed by El Salvador -LRB- 1841 -RRB- ; then Panama -LRB- 1903 -RRB- ; and finally Belize -LRB- 1981 -RRB- .


query: Stellan Skarsgård stars in Cinderella.

document: Cinderella is a 2015 American romantic fantasy film directed by Kenneth Branagh , with a screenplay written by Chris Weitz . The film is based on the eponymous folk tale and inspired in part by Walt Disney 's 1950 animated film . The film stars Lily James as the titular character with Richard Madden , Cate Blanchett , Stellan Skarsgård , Holliday Grainger , Derek Jacobi and Helena Bonham Carter . It is produced by David Barron , Simon Kinberg and Allison Shearmur for Walt Disney Pictures .   Cinderella had its world premiere on February 13 , 2015 , at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival and was released in theaters on March 13 , 2015 . It grossed over $ 543 million worldwide , becoming Branagh 's highest-grossing film to date , and received mostly positive reviews . The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Costume Design at the 88th Academy Awards .


query: The Breakfast Club is a film that came out in 1985.

document: The Breakfast Club is a 1985 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film written , produced , and directed by John Hughes , starring Emilio Estevez , Paul Gleason , Anthony Michael Hall , Judd Nelson , Molly Ringwald and Ally Sheedy . The storyline follows five teenagers , each members of different high school cliques , who spend a Saturday in detention together and come to realize that they are all more than their respective stereotypes , while facing a strict disciplinarian .   The film premiered in Los Angeles on February 7 , 1985 . Universal Pictures released the film in cinemas in the United States on February 15 , 1985 . It received critical acclaim and earned $ 51.5 million on a $ 1 million budget . Critics consider it one of the greatest high school films of all time , as well as one of Hughes ' most memorable and recognizable works . The media referred to the film 's five main actors as members of a group called the `` Brat Pack '' .   The title comes from the nickname invented by students and staff for morning detention at New Trier High School , the school attended by the son of one of John Hughes ' friends . Thus , those who were sent to detention before school starting time were designated members of `` The Breakfast Club '' .  In 2016 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .   The film was digitally remastered and was re-screened throughout 430 theaters in celebration of its 30th anniversary in 2015 .


query: Liana Liberato was in a movie written by Will Fetters.

document: Liana Daine Liberato -LRB- born August 20 , 1995 -RRB- is an American television and film actress . She played the younger version of the female lead in the 2014 film The Best of Me and starred in the 2010 films , Trust and The Last Sin Eater .


query: Arya Stark is headstrong and independent, refusing to ask for help.

document: Arya Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent point of view character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series , and also a main character in HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones .   Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Arya is the younger daughter of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She is headstrong , independent , disdains traditional female pursuits , and is often mistaken for a boy . She wields a sword named Needle , a gift from her half-brother , Jon Snow , and is trained in the Braavosi style of sword fighting .   Arya is portrayed by Maisie Williams on the HBO series Game of Thrones . Her performance has garnered critical acclaim , particularly in the second season for her work opposite veteran actor Charles Dance -LRB- Tywin Lannister -RRB- when she served as his cupbearer . She is among the most popular characters in either version of the story . Williams was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for the role in 2016 . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .


query: My Everything peaked in the top ten.

document: My Everything is the second studio album by American singer Ariana Grande , released on August 25 , 2014 by Republic Records . Grande wanted My Everything to sound as `` an evolution '' from her debut album , Yours Truly -LRB- 2013 -RRB- ; it explores more mature themes and genres . In the album 's production , Ariana worked with a host of producers -- including Max Martin , Shellback , Benny Blanco , Ryan Tedder , Darkchild , Ilya Salmanzadeh , Zedd , and David Guetta . Upon its release , the album debuted atop the Billboard 200 , selling 169,000 copies in its first week . It debuted at number one in Australia and Canada as well , and peaked in the top ten of twenty countries worldwide . As of March 2016 , the album has sold 692,000 copies in the United States .   My Everything was preceded by the lead single `` Problem '' , which features Australian rapper Iggy Azalea . After its release on April 28 , 2014 , the single debuted at number three the week of May 17 , selling over 400,000 copies in its first week and eventually peaking at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 . `` Break Free '' , featuring German-Russian musician and producer Zedd , was released as the second single on July 2 , and peaked at the fourth position on the Hot 100 . The fourth single , `` Love Me Harder '' , featuring The Weeknd , was released on September 30 , 2014 and peaked at number seven . At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in 2015 , My Everything was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album .


query: Anne Hathaway won a Critics' Choice Movie Award.

document: Anne Jacqueline Hathaway -LRB- born November 12 , 1982 -RRB- is an American actress and singer . Born in Brooklyn , New York and brought up in Millburn , New Jersey , Hathaway was inspired to act by her mother and as a high school student was nominated for the Paper Mill Playhouse Rising Star Award for Best Performance by a High School Actress for her performance in Once Upon a Mattress . She made her professional screen debut in the short-lived Fox television series Get Real -LRB- 1999 -- 2000 -RRB- , before landing the lead role of Mia Thermopolis in the Disney comedy film The Princess Diaries -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , for which she won the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Comedy . Hathaway went on to become a widely praised `` role model for children '' for her roles in Nicholas Nickleby -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , Ella Enchanted -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , The Princess Diaries 2 : Royal Engagement -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , and Hoodwinked ! -LRB- 2005 -RRB- .   Hathaway began to transition to more adult roles in 2005 , winning a DVD Exclusive Award for Best Actress for Havoc -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , receiving a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for her role in the critically acclaimed Brokeback Mountain -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , garnering further recognition for appearing alongside Meryl Streep in The Devil Wears Prada -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , and earning a BIFA nomination for Best Performance by an Actress for her portrayal of Jane Austen in Becoming Jane -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . Hathaway received praise for her performance as a recovering drug addict in Rachel Getting Married -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , for which she won the Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Academy , Golden Globe , Screen Actors Guild , and Indie Spirit Awards for Best Actress / Female Lead . She went on to win her second Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Comedy for starring in Bride Wars -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and in 2010 , appeared in the box office hits Valentine 's Day , Alice in Wonderland and Love & Other Drugs , which earned her the Satellite Award for Best Actress and a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Comedy or Musical .   In 2011 , Hathaway voiced Jewel in the animated film Rio and hosted the 83rd Academy Awards with James Franco , which was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Program . In 2012 , she portrayed Catwoman in Christopher Nolan 's The Dark Knight Rises , for which she won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress . The same year , she starred as Fantine in Tom Hooper 's Les Misérables , which earned her widespread acclaim and she won the Academy , Golden Globe , BAFTA , and SAG Awards for Best Supporting Actress . Hathaway has since gone on to appear in Rio 2 -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Interstellar -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , The Intern -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , and reprised her role as the White Queen in Alice Through the Looking Glass -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .   People magazine named Hathaway one of its breakthrough stars of 2001 , and she appeared on its list of the world 's 50 Most Beautiful People in 2006 . Following a four-year relationship with real estate developer Raffaello Follieri , Hathaway married Adam Shulman in 2012 , with whom she has one son , born in March 2016 .


query: David Schwimmer finished acting in Friends in 2004.

document: David Lawrence Schwimmer -LRB- born November 2 , 1966 -RRB- is an American actor , director , and producer . He was born in Flushing , Queens , New York , and his family moved to Los Angeles when he was 2 . He began his acting career performing in school plays at Beverly Hills High School . In 1988 , he graduated from Northwestern University with a Bachelor of Arts in theater and speech . After graduation , Schwimmer co-founded the Lookingglass Theatre Company . For much of the late 1980s , he lived in Los Angeles as a struggling , unemployed actor .   He starred in the television movie A Deadly Silence in 1989 and appeared in a number of television roles , including on L.A. Law , The Wonder Years , NYPD Blue , and Monty , in the early 1990s . Schwimmer later gained worldwide recognition for playing Ross Geller in the sitcom Friends , for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1995 . His first leading film role was in The Pallbearer -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , followed by roles in Kissing a Fool -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , Six Days , Seven Nights -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , Apt Pupil , and Picking Up the Pieces -LRB- 2000 -RRB- . He was then cast in the miniseries Band of Brothers -LRB- 2001 -RRB- as Herbert Sobel .   After the series finale of Friends in 2004 , Schwimmer was cast as the title character in the 2005 drama Duane Hopwood . Other film roles include the voice of Melman the Giraffe in the computer-animated Madagascar film franchise , the dark comedy Big Nothing -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , and the thriller Nothing But the Truth -LRB- 2008 -RRB- . Schwimmer made his West End stage debut in the leading role in Some Girl -LRB- s -RRB- in 2005 . In 2006 , he made his Broadway debut in The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial . Schwimmer made his feature film directorial debut with the 2007 comedy Run Fatboy Run . The following year he made his Off-Broadway directorial debut in the 2008 production , Fault Lines .   In 2016 , he starred as lawyer Robert Kardashian in American Crime Story , for which he received his second Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie .