query: Matt Smith's first major role in television was in a series.

document: Matthew Robert `` Matt '' Smith -LRB- born 28 October 1982 -RRB- is an English actor . He is best known for his role as the Eleventh Doctor in the BBC science fiction series Doctor Who , for which he received a BAFTA Award nomination in 2011 .   Smith initially aspired to be a professional footballer , but spondylolysis forced him out of the sport . After joining the National Youth Theatre and studying Drama and Creative Writing at the University of East Anglia , he became an actor in 2003 , performing in plays like Murder in the Cathedral , Fresh Kills , The History Boys , and On the Shore of the Wide World in London theatres . Extending his repertoire into West End theatre , he has since performed in the stage adaptation of Swimming with Sharks with Christian Slater , followed a year later by a critically acclaimed performance as Henry in That Face .   Smith 's first television role came in 2006 as Jim Taylor in the BBC adaptations of Philip Pullman 's The Ruby in the Smoke and The Shadow in the North , while his first major role in television came as Danny in the 2007 BBC series Party Animals . Smith , who was announced as the eleventh incarnation of the Doctor in January 2009 , is the youngest person to play the character in the British television series . He left the series at the end of the 2013 Christmas Day special , `` The Time of the Doctor '' . He portrayed both the physical embodiment and a holographic version of Skynet in Terminator Genisys -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . Since 2016 , he portrays Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh in Peter Morgan 's Netflix biographical drama series The Crown , opposite Claire Foy as Elizabeth II .


query: There are several championships in open wheel IndyCar racing that Paul Newman won.

document: Paul Leonard Newman -LRB- January 26 , 1925 -- September 26 , 2008 -RRB- was an American actor , IndyCar driver , entrepreneur , and philanthropist . He won and was nominated for numerous awards , winning an Academy Award for his performance in the 1986 film The Color of Money , a BAFTA Award , a Screen Actors Guild Award , a Cannes Film Festival Award , an Emmy Award , and many others . Newman 's other films include The Hustler -LRB- 1961 -RRB- , Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid -LRB- 1969 -RRB- as Butch Cassidy , The Sting -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , and The Verdict -LRB- 1982 -RRB- . However , he is perhaps best remembered for his role as the title character in Cool Hand Luke -LRB- 1967 -RRB- .   Despite being colorblind , Newman won several national championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road racing , and his race teams won several championships in open wheel IndyCar racing . He was a co-founder of Newman 's Own , a food company from which he donated all post-tax profits and royalties to charity . As of January 2017 , these donations have totaled over US$ 485 million . He was also a co-founder of Safe Water Network , a nonprofit that develops sustainable drinking water solutions for those in need . In 1988 , Newman founded the SeriousFun Children 's Network , a global family of summer camps and programs for children with serious illness which has served 290,076 children since its inception .


query: Mike Pence became governor of Indiana in 2013.

document: Michael Richard Pence -LRB- born June 7 , 1959 -RRB- is an American politician , lawyer , and the 48th and current Vice President of the United States . He previously served as the 50th Governor of Indiana from 2013 to 2017 .   Born and raised in Columbus , Indiana , Pence graduated from Hanover College and earned a law degree from the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law before entering private practice . After losing two bids for a U.S. congressional seat in 1988 and 1990 , he became a conservative radio and television talk show host from 1994 to 1999 . Pence was elected to the United States Congress in 2000 and represented and in the United States House of Representatives from 2001 to 2013 . He served as the chairman of the House Republican Conference from 2009 to 2011 . Pence positioned himself as a principled ideologue and supporter of the Tea Party movement , noting he was `` a Christian , a conservative , and a Republican , in that order . ''   Upon becoming Governor of Indiana in January 2013 , Pence initiated the largest tax cut in Indiana 's history , pushed for more funding for education initiatives , and continued to increase the state 's budget surplus . Pence signed bills intended to restrict abortions , including one that prohibited abortions if the reason for the procedure was the fetus 's race , gender , or disability . Pence stirred several high-profile controversies , including with his signature of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act , for which he encountered fierce resistance from moderate members of his party , the business community , and LGBT advocates . He later signed an additional bill acting as an amendment intended to protect LGBT people .   On November 8 , 2016 , Pence was elected as Vice President , after he dropped out of his gubernatorial re-election campaign in July to become the vice presidential running mate for Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump , who went on to win the presidential election .


query: Red was directed by a German.

document: Red is a 2010 American action comedy film inspired by the limited comic book series of the same name created by Warren Ellis and Cully Hamner and published by the DC Comics imprint Homage . The film stars Bruce Willis , Morgan Freeman , John Malkovich , Mary-Louise Parker , Helen Mirren and Karl Urban , with German film director Robert Schwentke directing a screenplay by Jon Hoeber and Erich Hoeber . In the film version , the title is derived from the designation of former CIA Agent Frank Moses -LRB- Bruce Willis -RRB- , meaning `` Retired , Extremely Dangerous '' .   The film was released on October 15 , 2010 . The film grossed $ 199 million worldwide . In 2011 , the film received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Musical or Comedy Film . A sequel , Red 2 , was released on July 19 , 2013 . Another sequel , Red 3 , is in development .


query: Transgender is a word contained in the acronym LGBT.

document: LGBT , or GLBT , is an initialism that stands for lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender . In use since the 1990s , the term is an adaptation of the initialism LGB , which was used to replace the term gay in reference to the LGBT community beginning in the mid-to-late 1980s . Activists believed that the term gay community did not accurately represent all those to whom it referred .   The initialism has become mainstream as a self-designation ; it has been adopted by the majority of sexuality and gender identity-based community centers and media in the United States , as well as some other English-speaking countries . The term is used also in some other countries , particularly those which languages use the initialism , such as Argentina , France , and Turkey .   The initialism , LGBT , is intended to emphasize a diversity of sexuality and gender identity-based cultures . It may be used to refer to anyone who is non-heterosexual or non-cisgender , instead of exclusively to people who are lesbian , gay , bisexual , or transgender . To recognize this inclusion , a popular variant adds the letter Q for those who identify as queer or are questioning their sexual identity ; LGBTQ has been recorded since 1996 . Those who add intersex people to LGBT groups or organizing use an extended initialism LGBTI . Some people combine the two acronyms and use the term LGBTIQ . Others use LGBT + to encompass a spectrum of gender and sexuality .


query: The Netherlands hosts the International Court of Justice.

document: The Netherlands , -LRB- -LSB- ˈnɛðərləndz -RSB- Nederland -LSB- ˈneːdərˌlɑnt -RSB- ; Nederlân -RRB- also known informally as Holland , is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean.designated Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba within ISO ISO 3166-1 . The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , sharing maritime borders with Belgium , the United Kingdom , and Germany .   The four largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague and Utrecht -LRB- collectively known as G4 -RRB- . Amsterdam is the country 's capital , while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of parliament and government . The port of Rotterdam is the world 's largest port outside East-Asia , and the largest port in Europe . The name Holland is used informally to refer to the whole of the country of the Netherlands.Formally ` Holland ' refers only to two of the country 's twelve provinces : North Holland and South Holland .   `` Netherlands '' literally means `` lower countries '' , influenced by its low land and flat geography , with only about 50 % of its land exceeding one metre above sea level . Most of the areas below sea level are artificial . Since the late 16th century , large areas -LRB- polders -RRB- have been reclaimed from the sea and lakes , amounting to nearly 17 % of the country 's current land mass . With a population density of 412 people per km2 -- 507 -LRB- January 2017 -RRB- if water is excluded -- the Netherlands is classified as a very densely populated country . Only Bangladesh , South Korea , and Taiwan have both a larger population and higher population density . Nevertheless , the Netherlands is the world 's second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products , after the United States . This is partly due to the fertility of the soil and the mild climate . The Netherlands was the third country in the world to have an elected parliament , and since 1848 it has been governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy , organised as a unitary state . The Netherlands has a long history of social tolerance and is generally regarded as a liberal country , having legalised abortion , prostitution and euthanasia , while maintaining a progressive drugs policy . In 2001 , it became the world 's first country to legalise same-sex marriage .   The Netherlands is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G-10 , NATO , OECD and WTO ; as well as being a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . The country is host to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and five international courts : the Permanent Court of Arbitration , the International Court of Justice , the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia , the International Criminal Court and the Special Tribunal for Lebanon . The first four are situated in The Hague , as is the EU 's criminal intelligence agency Europol and judicial co-operation agency Eurojust . This has led to the city being dubbed `` the world 's legal capital . '' The country also ranks second highest in the world 's 2016 Press Freedom Index , as published by Reporters Without Borders .   The Netherlands has a market-based mixed economy , ranking 17th of 177 countries according to the Index of Economic Freedom . It had the thirteenth-highest per capita income in the world in 2013 according to the International Monetary Fund . In 2013 , the United Nations World Happiness Report ranked the Netherlands as the seventh-happiest country in the world , reflecting its high quality of life . The Netherlands also ranks joint third highest in the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index , along with Australia .


query: Hadera has immigrants.

document: Hadera is a city located in the Haifa District of Israel , in the northern Sharon region , approximately 45 kilometers -LRB- 28 miles -RRB- from the major cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa . The city is located along 7 km -LRB- 5 mi -RRB- of the Israeli Mediterranean Coastal Plain . The city has a population of about 91,634 , which includes a high proportion of immigrants arriving since 1990 , notably from Ethiopia and the former Soviet Union . In it had a population of .   Hadera was established in 1891 as a farming colony by members of the Zionist group , Hovevei Zion , from Lithuania and Latvia . By 1948 , it was a regional center with a population of 11,800 . In 1952 , Hadera was declared a city , with jurisdiction over an area of 53,000 dunams .


query: All My Children was created by a woman.

document: All My Children -LRB- often shortened to AMC -RRB- is an American television soap opera that aired on ABC for 41 years , from January 5 , 1970 , to September 23 , 2011 , and on The Online Network -LRB- TOLN -RRB- from April 29 to September 2 , 2013 , via Hulu , Hulu Plus , and iTunes . Created by Agnes Nixon , All My Children is set in Pine Valley , Pennsylvania , a fictional suburb of Philadelphia , which is modeled on the actual Philadelphia suburb of Rosemont . The original series featured Susan Lucci as Erica Kane , one of daytime 's most popular characters . The title of the series refers to the bonds of humanity . All My Children was the first new network daytime drama to debut in the 1970s . Originally owned by Creative Horizons , Inc. , the company created by Nixon and her husband , Bob , the show was sold to ABC in January 1975 . The series started at a half-hour in per-installment length , then was expanded to a full hour on April 25 , 1977 . Earlier , the show had experimented with the full-hour format for one week starting on June 30 , 1975 , after which Ryan 's Hope premiered .   From 1970 to 1990 , All My Children was recorded at ABC 's TV18 at 101 West 67th St , now a 50-story apartment tower . From March 1990 to December 2009 , it was taped at ABC 's Studio TV23 at 320 West 66th Street in Manhattan , New York City , New York . In December 2009 , the locale for taping the series moved from Manhattan to less costly Los Angeles , California . The show was then produced in Stages 1 and 2 at the Andrita Studios in Los Angeles , California , from 2010 to 2011 , and then at the Connecticut Film Center in Stamford , Connecticut . All My Children started taping in high definition on January 4 , 2010 , and began airing in high definition on February 3 , 2010 . All My Children became the third soap opera to be produced and broadcast in high definition .   At one point , the program 's popularity positioned it as the most widely recorded television show in the United States . Also , in a departure from societal norms at the time , All My Children , in the mid-1970s , had an audience that was estimated to be 30 % male . The show ranked No. 1 in the daytime Nielsen ratings in the 1978 -- 79 season . Throughout most of the 1980s and into the early 1990s , All My Children was the No. 2 daytime soap opera on the air . However , like the rest of the soap operas in the United States , All My Children experienced unprecedented declines in its daytime ratings during the 2000s . By the 2010s , it had become one of the least watched soap operas in daytime television .   On April 14 , 2011 , it was announced that ABC canceled All My Children after 41 years on the air due to low ratings . On July 7 , 2011 , ABC sold the licensing rights of All My Children to third-party production company Prospect Park with the show set to continue on the internet as a series of webisodes . The show taped its final scenes for ABC on August 30 , 2011 , and its final episode on the network aired on September 23 , 2011 , with a cliffhanger . On September 26 , 2011 , the following Monday , ABC replaced All My Children with a newly debuted talk show The Chew . Prospect Park had suspended its plan to revive the series on November 23 , 2011 , due to lack of funding and unsuccessful negotiation with the union organizations representing the actors and crews . On January 7 , 2013 , Prospect Park officially brought back its project to restore All My Children as a web series . The show taped its first scenes for Prospect Park TOLN on February 18 , 2013 , and its first episode on the network aired on April 29 , 2013 . However , the new series faced several behind-the-scene obstacles throughout its run . On November 11 , 2013 , several All My Children cast members announced that Prospect Park had closed production and canceled the series again . ABC regained the rights to the show in December 2016 .


query: Red stars Bruce Willis.


query: Angelina Jolie was in the film George Wallace.

document: Angelina Jolie Pitt -LRB- -LSB- dʒoʊˈliː -RSB- ; née Voight ; born June 4 , 1975 -RRB- is an American actress , filmmaker , philanthropist and humanitarian . She has received an Academy Award , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , and three Golden Globe Awards , and has been cited as Hollywood 's highest-paid actress . Jolie made her screen debut as a child alongside her father , Jon Voight , in Lookin ' to Get Out -LRB- 1982 -RRB- . Her film career began in earnest a decade later with the low-budget production Cyborg 2 -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , followed by her first leading role in a major film , Hackers -LRB- 1995 -RRB- . She starred in the critically acclaimed biographical cable films George Wallace -LRB- 1997 -RRB- and Gia -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , and won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the drama Girl , Interrupted -LRB- 1999 -RRB- .   Jolie 's starring role as the video game heroine Lara Croft in Lara Croft : Tomb Raider -LRB- 2001 -RRB- established her as a leading Hollywood actress . She continued her successful action-star career with Mr. & Mrs. Smith -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , Wanted -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , and Salt -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , and received critical acclaim for her performances in the dramas A Mighty Heart -LRB- 2007 -RRB- and Changeling -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , which earned her a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actress . Beginning in the 2010s , she expanded her career into directing , screenwriting , and producing , starting with the wartime dramas In the Land of Blood and Honey -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and Unbroken -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Her biggest commercial success came with the fantasy picture Maleficent -LRB- 2014 -RRB- .   In addition to her film career , Jolie is noted for her humanitarian efforts , for which she has received a Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award and an honorary damehood of the Order of St Michael and St George -LRB- DCMG -RRB- , among other honors . She promotes various causes , including conservation , education , and women 's rights , and is most noted for her advocacy on behalf of refugees as a Special Envoy for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees -LRB- UNHCR -RRB- . As a public figure , Jolie has been cited as one of the most influential and powerful people in the American entertainment industry , as well as the world 's most beautiful woman , by various media outlets . Her personal life is the subject of wide publicity . Divorced from actors Jonny Lee Miller and Billy Bob Thornton , she separated from her third husband , actor Brad Pitt , in September 2016 . They have six children together , three of whom were adopted internationally .


query: One single by The Who was "Substitute", written by Pete Townshend.

document: The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964 . Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey , guitarist and singer Pete Townshend , bass guitarist John Entwistle , and drummer Keith Moon . They are considered one of the most influential rock bands of the 20th century , selling over 100 million records worldwide and holding a reputation for their live shows and studio work .   The Who developed from an earlier group , the Detours , and established themselves as part of the pop art and mod movements , featuring auto-destructive art by destroying guitars and drums on stage . Their first single as the Who , `` I Ca n't Explain '' , reached the UK top ten , followed by a string of singles including `` My Generation '' , `` Substitute '' and `` Happy Jack '' . In 1967 , they performed at the Monterey Pop Festival and released the US top ten single `` I Can See for Miles '' , while touring extensively . The group 's fourth album , 1969 's rock opera Tommy , included the single `` Pinball Wizard '' and was a critical and commercial success . Live appearances at Woodstock and the Isle of Wight Festival , along with the live album Live at Leeds , cemented their reputation as a respected rock act . With their success came increased pressure on lead songwriter and visionary Townshend , and the follow-up to Tommy , Lifehouse , was abandoned . Songs from the project made up 1971 's Who 's Next , which included the hit `` Wo n't Get Fooled Again '' . The group released the album Quadrophenia in 1973 as a celebration of their mod roots , and oversaw the film adaptation of Tommy in 1975 . They continued to tour to large audiences before semi-retiring from live performances at the end of 1976 . The release of Who Are You in 1978 was overshadowed by the death of Moon shortly after .   Kenney Jones replaced Moon and the group resumed activity , releasing a film adaptation of Quadrophenia and the retrospective documentary The Kids Are Alright . After Townshend became weary of touring , the group split in 1982 . The Who occasionally re-formed for live appearances such as Live Aid in 1985 , a 25th anniversary tour in 1989 and a tour of Quadrophenia in 1996 -- 1997 . They resumed regular touring in 1999 , with drummer Zak Starkey . After Entwistle 's death in 2002 , plans for a new album were delayed . Townshend and Daltrey continued as the Who , releasing Endless Wire in 2006 , and continued to play live regularly .   The Who 's major contributions to rock music include the development of the Marshall stack , large PA systems , use of the synthesizer , Entwistle and Moon 's lead playing styles , Townshend 's feedback and power chord guitar technique , and the development of the rock opera . They are cited as an influence by hard rock , punk rock and mod bands , and their songs still receive regular exposure .


query: Joey Graceffa worked with an American website.

document: Joseph Michael `` Joey '' Graceffa -LRB- -LSB- grəˈsɛfə -RSB- born May 16 , 1991 -RRB- is an American YouTube personality , actor , author , producer , and singer . He has two active YouTube channels , both of which are named after him . One of them is for vlogging and the other is used for video gaming content . They both have a combined total of more than 1.6 billion views . His other YouTube channel , which he no longer uses , called WinterSpringPro , has 60 million views -LRB- as of May 2017 -RRB- . He was a contestant on 22nd and 24th seasons of The Amazing Race and has appeared in short films -LRB- as web films -RRB- and short web television series on YouTube and its subscription-only service YouTube Red .


query: Alphabet is the parent company of GV, Verily, and X.

document: Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate created in a corporate restructuring on October 2 , 2015 . It is the parent company of Google and several former Google subsidiaries . The two founders of Google assumed executive roles in the new company , with Larry Page serving as CEO and Sergey Brin as President . The company is based in Mountain View , California .   Alphabet 's portfolio encompasses several industries , including technology , life sciences , investment capital , and research . Some of its subsidiaries include Google , Calico , GV , CapitalG , Verily , Waymo , X , and Google Fiber . Some of the subsidiaries of Alphabet have altered their names since leaving Google -- Google Ventures becoming GV , Google Life Sciences becoming Verily and Google X becoming just X. Following the restructuring Page became CEO of Alphabet while Sundar Pichai took his position as CEO of Google . Shares of Google 's stock have been converted into Alphabet stock , which trade under Google 's former ticker symbols of `` GOOG '' and `` GOOGL '' .   The establishment of Alphabet was prompted by a desire to make the core Google Internet services business `` cleaner and more accountable '' while allowing greater autonomy to group companies that operate in businesses other than Internet services .


query: Ancient Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, such as the Umayyads.

document: Algeria -LRB- الجزائر ; ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ , Dzayer ; Algérie -RRB- , officially the People 's Democratic Republic of Algeria , is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast . Its capital and most populous city is Algiers , located in the country 's far north . With an area of 2381741 km2 , Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world , and the largest in Africa . Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia , to the east by Libya , to the west by Morocco , to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory , Mauritania , and Mali , to the southeast by Niger , and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea . The country is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes -LRB- counties -RRB- . Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been President since 1999 .   Ancient Algeria has known many empires and dynasties , including ancient Numidians , Phoenicians , Carthaginians , Romans , Vandals , Byzantines , Umayyads , Abbasids , Idrisid , Aghlabid , Rustamid , Fatimids , Zirid , Hammadids , Almoravids , Almohads , Spaniards , Ottomans and the French colonial empire . Berbers are the indigenous inhabitants of Algeria .   Algeria is a regional and middle power . The North African country supplies large amounts of natural gas to Europe , and energy exports are the backbone of the economy . According to OPEC Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second largest in Africa , while it has the 9th largest reserves of natural gas . Sonatrach , the national oil company , is the largest company in Africa . Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget on the continent ; most of Algeria 's weapons are imported from Russia , with whom they are a close ally . Algeria is a member of the African Union , the Arab League , OPEC , the United Nations and is the founding member of the Maghreb Union .


query: Ocean's Eight will be released.

document: Ocean 's Eight -LRB- stylized as Ocean 's 8 -RRB- is an upcoming American heist comedy film directed by Gary Ross from a script by Ross and co-writer Olivia Milch . It is both a sequel and an all-female spin-off of the Ocean 's Trilogy , and will be released on June 8 , 2018 , by Warner Bros. . Pictures . Principal photography on the film began on October 25 , 2016 , in New York City .


query: The Comedian stars multiple American actors.

document: The Comedian is a 2016 American comedy-drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and written by Lewis Friedman , Richard LaGravenese , Art Linson , and Jeff Ross . The film stars Robert De Niro , Leslie Mann , Danny DeVito , Edie Falco , Veronica Ferres , Charles Grodin , Cloris Leachman , Patti LuPone and Harvey Keitel .   The film had its world premiere at the AFI Fest on November 11 , 2016 and was released on December 9 , 2016 , by Sony Pictures Classics . The film opened to negative reviews from critics .


query: Amanda Peet has appeared in a variety of television shows.

document: Amanda Peet -LRB- born January 11 , 1972 -RRB- is an American actress and author who has appeared in film , stage , and television . After studying with Uta Hagen at Columbia University , Peet began her career in television commercials , and progressed to small roles on television , before making her film debut in 1995 . Featured roles in the 2000 comedy film The Whole Nine Yards brought her wider recognition .   She has appeared in a variety of films , including the 2001 comedy Saving Silverman , the 2003 romantic comedy Something 's Got ta Give , the 2003 psychological thriller film Identity , the 2005 action-thriller Syriana , the 2006 comedy-drama remake Griffin & Phoenix , the 2007 romantic comedy The Ex , the 2008 science fiction film The X-Files : I Want to Believe and the 2009 disaster adventure drama 2012 . She has also appeared in the 1999 drama series Jack & Jill , the 2006 drama series Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip , and the 2015 comedy-drama series Togetherness .


query: Hilda Ellis Davidson wrote on the topic of Germanic paganism.

document: Hilda Roderick Ellis Davidson -LRB- born Hilda Roderick Ellis , 1 October 1914 -- January 2006 -RRB- was an English antiquarian and academic , writing in particular on Germanic paganism and Celtic paganism . Davidson used literary , historical and archaeological evidence to discuss the stories and customs of Northern Europe . Gods and Myths of Northern Europe -LRB- Penguin Books , 1964 -RRB- is considered one of the most thorough and reputable sources on Germanic mythology . Like many of her publications , it was credited under the name H. R. Ellis Davidson . Davidson was a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries , and was president of the Council of the Folklore Society from 1974 to 1976 , and served on the council from 1956 to 1986 . Davidson has been cited as having `` contributed greatly '' to the study of Norse mythology .


query: Black Sabbath are often called pioneers of rock music.

document: Black Sabbath were an English rock band , formed in Birmingham in 1968 , by guitarist and main songwriter Tony Iommi , bassist and main lyricist Geezer Butler , singer Ozzy Osbourne , and drummer Bill Ward . The band experienced multiple line-up changes , with Iommi being the only constant member throughout its history . Originally formed as a blues rock band , the group soon adopted the Black Sabbath moniker and began incorporating occult themes with horror-inspired lyrics and tuned-down guitars . They also composed songs about social instability , political corruption and drugs .   Osbourne 's regular use of alcohol and other drugs led to his dismissal from the band in 1979 . He was replaced by former Rainbow vocalist Ronnie James Dio . Following two albums with Dio , Black Sabbath endured many personnel changes in the 1980s and 1990s that included vocalists Ian Gillan , Glenn Hughes , Ray Gillen and Tony Martin , as well as several drummers and bassists . In 1992 , Iommi and Butler rejoined Dio and drummer Vinny Appice to record Dehumanizer . The original line-up reunited with Osbourne in 1997 and released a live album Reunion . Black Sabbath 's final studio album and nineteenth overall , 13 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , features all of the original members but Ward , who left the band prior to the recording sessions due to a contract dispute . A year after embarking on a farewell tour , the band played their final concert in their home city of Birmingham on 4 February 2017 , after which they broke up . Iommi has stated , however , that he has not ruled out the possibility of new material or one-off shows under the Black Sabbath name .   Black Sabbath are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music . The band helped define the genre with releases such as Black Sabbath -LRB- 1970 -RRB- , Paranoid -LRB- 1970 -RRB- and Master of Reality -LRB- 1971 -RRB- . They were ranked by MTV as the `` Greatest Metal Band '' of all time , and placed second in VH1 's `` 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock '' list . Rolling Stone magazine ranked them number 85 in their `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' . They have sold over 70 million records worldwide . Black Sabbath were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2006 . They have also won two Grammy Awards for Best Metal Performance .


query: The Proposal was released by Touchstone Pictures.

document: The Proposal is a 2009 American romantic comedy film directed by Anne Fletcher and written by Peter Chiarelli . The film stars Sandra Bullock and Ryan Reynolds , Betty White , Mary Steenburgen and Craig T. Nelson . The film was produced by Mandeville Films and released on June 19 , 2009 , in North America by Touchstone Pictures . The plot centers on a Canadian executive , Margaret Tate , who learns that she may face deportation from the U.S. because of her expired visa . Determined to retain her position as editor in chief of a publishing house , Tate convinces her assistant , Andrew Paxton , to temporarily act as her fiancé . Initially planning on resuming their lives after Tate resolves her visa issues , they appear to abandon those plans as their relationship intensifies .   Development on the film began in 2005 , when Chiarelli wrote the film 's script . Principal filming occurred over a period of two months from March to May 2008 . The film received mixed reviews from critics , who criticized its script , but praised the chemistry between Bullock and Reynolds . The film was a box office success , grossing over $ 317 million worldwide , becoming the highest grossing romantic comedy film of 2009 .


query: Marilyn Monroe performed a fictional role in The Prince and the Showgirl (1957).

document: Marilyn Monroe -LRB- born Norma Jeane Mortenson ; June 1 , 1926 -- August 5 , 1962 -RRB- was an American actress and model . Famous for playing comic `` dumb blonde '' characters , she became one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s , emblematic of the era 's attitudes towards sexuality . Although she was a top-billed actress for only a decade , her films grossed $ 200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962 . She continues to be considered a major popular culture icon .   Born and raised in Los Angeles , Monroe spent most of her childhood in foster homes and an orphanage and married at the age of sixteen . While working in a factory in 1944 as part of the war effort , she was introduced to a photographer from the First Motion Picture Unit and began a successful pin-up modeling career . The work led to short-lived film contracts with Twentieth Century-Fox -LRB- 1946 -- 1947 -RRB- and Columbia Pictures -LRB- 1948 -RRB- . After a series of minor film roles , she signed a new contract with Fox in 1951 . Over the next two years , she became a popular actress with roles in several comedies , including As Young as You Feel and Monkey Business , and in the dramas Clash by Night and Do n't Bother to Knock . Monroe faced a scandal when it was revealed that she had posed for nude photos before becoming a star , but rather than damaging her career , the story resulted in increased interest in her films .   By 1953 , Monroe was one of the most marketable Hollywood stars , with leading roles in three films : the noir Niagara , which focused on her sex appeal , and the comedies Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and How to Marry a Millionaire , which established her star image as a `` dumb blonde '' . Although she played a significant role in the creation and management of her public image throughout her career , she was disappointed at being typecast and underpaid by the studio . She was briefly suspended in early 1954 for refusing a film project , but returned to star in one of the biggest box office successes of her career , The Seven Year Itch -LRB- 1955 -RRB- .   When the studio was still reluctant to change her contract , Monroe founded a film production company in late 1954 ; she named it Marilyn Monroe Productions -LRB- MMP -RRB- . She dedicated 1955 to building her company and began studying method acting at the Actors Studio . In late 1955 , Fox awarded her a new contract , which gave her more control and a larger salary . After a critically acclaimed performance in Bus Stop -LRB- 1956 -RRB- and acting in the first independent production of MMP , The Prince and the Showgirl -LRB- 1957 -RRB- , she won a Golden Globe for Best Actress for Some Like It Hot -LRB- 1959 -RRB- . Her last completed film was the drama The Misfits -LRB- 1961 -RRB- .   Monroe 's troubled private life received much attention . She struggled with substance abuse , depression , and anxiety . She had two highly publicized marriages , to retired baseball star Joe DiMaggio and playwright Arthur Miller , both of which ended in divorce . On August 5 , 1962 , she died at age 36 from an overdose of barbiturates at her home in Los Angeles . Although Monroe 's death was ruled a probable suicide , several conspiracy theories have been proposed in the decades following her death .


query: Mike Myers directed the documentary film Supermensch: The Legend of Shep Gordon.

document: Michael John `` Mike '' Myers -LRB- born May 25 , 1963 -RRB- is a Canadian-born actor , comedian , screenwriter , and film producer , who also holds UK and US citizenship . He is known for his run as a featured performer on Saturday Night Live from 1989 to 1995 , and for playing the title roles in the Wayne 's World , Austin Powers , and Shrek films . He also directed the documentary film Supermensch : The Legend of Shep Gordon , and had a small role in Quentin Tarantino 's Inglourious Basterds in 2009 .


query: Uranus has methane in its uppermost layer of clouds.

document: Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun . It has the third-largest planetary radius and fourth-largest planetary mass in the Solar System . Uranus is similar in composition to Neptune , and both have different bulk chemical composition from that of the larger gas giants Jupiter and Saturn . For this reason , scientists often classify Uranus and Neptune as `` ice giants '' to distinguish them from the gas giants . Uranus 's atmosphere is similar to Jupiter 's and Saturn 's in its primary composition of hydrogen and helium , but it contains more `` ices '' such as water , ammonia , and methane , along with traces of other hydrocarbons . It is the coldest planetary atmosphere in the Solar System , with a minimum temperature of 49 K , and has a complex , layered cloud structure with water thought to make up the lowest clouds and methane the uppermost layer of clouds . The interior of Uranus is mainly composed of ices and rock .   Uranus is the only planet whose name is derived from a figure from Greek mythology , from the Latinised version of the Greek god of the sky Ouranos . Like the other giant planets , Uranus has a ring system , a magnetosphere , and numerous moons . The Uranian system has a unique configuration among those of the planets because its axis of rotation is tilted sideways , nearly into the plane of its solar orbit . Its north and south poles , therefore , lie where most other planets have their equators . In 1986 , images from Voyager 2 showed Uranus as an almost featureless planet in visible light , without the cloud bands or storms associated with the other giant planets . Observations from Earth have shown seasonal change and increased weather activity as Uranus approached its equinox in 2007 . Wind speeds can reach 250 m/s .


query: John McCain campaigned in the 56th quadrennial presidential election.

document: The United States presidential election of 2008 was the 56th quadrennial presidential election . It was held on Tuesday , November 4 , 2008 . Democratic Party nominees Barack Obama , a U.S. Senator from Illinois , and his running mate Joe Biden , a long-time U.S. Senator from Delaware , defeated Republican Party nominees John McCain , a long-time and current U.S. Senator from Arizona , and his running mate Sarah Palin , a Governor of Alaska . Obama became the first African American ever to be elected president of the United States , and Joe Biden became the first Roman Catholic ever elected vice president .   The incumbent president , George W. Bush , of the Republican Party , was ineligible to be elected to a third term due to term limits in the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution . McCain secured the Republican nomination by March 2008 , but the Democratic nomination was marked by a sharp contest between Obama and initial front-runner Senator Hillary Clinton , with Obama not securing the nomination until early June . Early campaigning had focused heavily on the Iraq War and the unpopularity of outgoing Republican President George W. Bush , but all candidates focused on domestic concerns as well , which grew more prominent as the economy experienced the onset of the Great Recession and a major financial crisis that peaked in September 2008 .   Obama would go on to win a decisive victory over McCain , winning both the popular vote and the electoral college , with 365 electoral votes to McCain 's 173 ; he received the largest percentage of the popular vote for a Democrat since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 . Obama 's total vote amount of 69.5 million votes is the highest number ever won by a presidential candidate . Obama 's successes in obtaining a major party 's nomination and winning the general election were both firsts for the African American community . Although Hillary Clinton did not win the Democratic nomination , she was the first woman to win a major American party 's presidential primary for the purposes of delegate selection when she won the primary in New Hampshire on January 8 . She later went on to win the Democratic nomination but lose the general election to Donald Trump in 2016 . She also was the first woman to be an American presidential candidate in every primary and caucus in every state . Similarly , Sarah Palin became the first woman to appear on a Republican presidential ticket , and the second woman overall to appear on a major party 's presidential ticket -LRB- after Geraldine Ferraro in 1984 -RRB- .   This was also the first election in which neither candidate was born in the contiguous United States . Obama was born in Hawaii and McCain was born at Coco Solo Naval Air Station in the Panama Canal Zone . This election also made McCain currently the only Senator who previously served as a presidential nominee and still remains incumbent , after John Kerry 's resignation from the U.S. Senate in 2013 .   As of 2017 , this is the last time Nebraska -LRB- 2nd congressional district only -RRB- , Indiana , and North Carolina voted for the Democratic candidate . This election also became the first time that Missouri backed the losing candidate since 1956 , with both Kentucky & Tennessee failing to do the same since 1960 . Likewise , this would also be the first time both Arkansas & Louisiana did not vote for the winning candidate since 1968 , while being among the most recent states which voted third party that same year as well .


query: Celine Dion signed with Epic Records.

document: Céline Marie Claudette Dion , -LRB- -LSB- ˈdiːɒn -RSB- -LSB- seˈlɪn dziˈjɔ̃ -RSB- ; born 30 March 1968 -RRB- is a Canadian singer and businesswoman . Born into a large family from Charlemagne , Quebec , Dion emerged as a teen star in the French-speaking world after her manager and future husband René Angélil mortgaged his home to finance her first record . Dion first gained international recognition in the 1980s by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest where she represented Switzerland . Following a series of French albums during the 1980s , she signed on to Epic Records in the United States . In 1990 , Dion released her debut English-language album , Unison , establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world .   During the 1990s , with the help of Angélil , she achieved worldwide fame after releasing several English albums along with additional French albums . Her albums , Falling into You -LRB- 1996 -RRB- and Let 's Talk About Love -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , were both certified diamond in the US while D'eux -LRB- 1995 -RRB- became the best-selling French-language album of all time . She also scored a series of international number-one hits , including `` Nothing Broken but My Heart '' , `` The Power of Love '' , `` Think Twice '' , `` Because You Loved Me '' , `` It 's All Coming Back to Me Now '' , `` My Heart Will Go On '' , and `` I 'm Your Angel . '' However , in 1999 at the height of her success , Dion announced a hiatus from entertainment to start a family and spend time with her husband , who had been diagnosed with cancer . She returned to the top of pop music in 2002 and signed to perform nightly in A New Day ... -LRB- 2003 -- 07 -RRB- , a five-star theatrical show at the Colosseum at Caesars Palace , on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise , Nevada . It became the most successful residency show of all time , grossing US $ 385 million .   Dion 's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and R&B to gospel and classical . Her recordings are mainly in French and English , although she also sings in Spanish , Italian , German , Latin , Japanese , and Mandarin Chinese . While her releases have often received mixed critical reception , she is regarded as one of pop music 's most influential voices . Dion has won five Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year and Record of the Year . She is the second best-selling female artist in the US during the Nielsen SoundScan era . In 2003 , Dion was honoured by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry -LRB- IFPI -RRB- for selling over 50 million albums in Europe . Dion remains the best-selling Canadian artist and one of the best-selling artists of all time with record sales of over 200 million copies worldwide .


query: Tardigrades can be found in a mountain range.

document: Tardigrades -LRB- -LSB- ˈtɑrdᵻˌgreɪd -RSB- also known as water bears , space bears , or moss piglets -RRB- are water-dwelling , eight-legged , segmented micro-animals . They were first discovered by the German zoologist Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1773 . The name Tardigrada -LRB- meaning `` slow stepper '' -RRB- was given three years later by the Italian biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani . They have been found everywhere from mountaintops to the deep sea , mud volcanoes , and from tropical rain forests to the Antarctic .   Tardigrades are one of the most resilient animals known : they can survive extreme conditions that would be rapidly fatal to nearly all other known life forms . They can withstand temperature ranges from 1 K -LRB- close to absolute zero -RRB- to about 420 K for several minutes , pressures about six times greater than those found in the deepest ocean trenches , ionizing radiation at doses hundreds of times higher than the lethal dose for a human , and the vacuum of outer space . They can go without food or water for more than 30 years , drying out to the point where they are 3 % or less water , only to rehydrate , forage , and reproduce . Tardigrades living in harsh conditions undergo an annual process of cyclomorphosis .   They are not considered extremophilic because they are not adapted to exploit these conditions . This means that their chances of dying increase the longer they are exposed to the extreme environments , whereas true extremophiles thrive in a physically or geochemically extreme environment that would harm most other organisms .   Usually , tardigrades are about 0.5 mm long when they are fully grown . They are short and plump with four pairs of legs , each with four to eight claws also known as `` disks '' . The first three pairs of legs are directed ventrolaterally and are the primary means of locomotion , while the fourth pair is directed posteriorly on the terminal segment of the trunk and is used primarily for grasping the substrate . Tardigrades are prevalent in mosses and lichens and feed on plant cells , algae , and small invertebrates . When collected , they may be viewed under a very low-power microscope , making them accessible to students and amateur scientists .   Tardigrades form the phylum Tardigrada , part of the superphylum Ecdysozoa . It is an ancient group , with fossils dating from 530 million years ago , in the Cambrian period . About 1,150 species of tardigrades have been described . Tardigrades can be found throughout the world , from the Himalayas -LRB- above 6000 m -RRB- , to the deep sea -LRB- below 4000 m -RRB- and from the polar regions to the equator .


query: Aishwarya Rai has not receive numerous awards and accolades.

document: Aishwarya Rai -LRB- born 1 November 1973 -RRB- , also known by her married name Aishwarya Rai Bachchan , is an Indian actress , model and the winner of the Miss World 1994 pageant . Through her successful acting career , she has established herself as one of the most popular and influential celebrities in India . Rai has received numerous awards and accolades , including two Filmfare Awards from eleven nominations , and she was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2009 . She has often been called `` the most beautiful woman in the world '' .   While in college , Rai did a few modelling jobs . Following appearances in several television commercials , she entered the Miss India pageant , in which she placed second . She was then crowned Miss World 1994 , after which she began receiving offers to act in film . She made her acting debut in Mani Ratnam 's 1997 Tamil film Iruvar and had her first Hindi film release in Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya that same year . Her first commercial success was the Tamil romantic drama Jeans -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , following which she achieved wider success and won two Best Actress awards at Filmfare for her performances in Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam -LRB- 1999 -RRB- and Devdas -LRB- 2002 -RRB- .   Rai garnered critical appreciation for portraying a passionate artist in the Tamil romance Kandukondain Kandukondain -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Tagore 's heroine , Binodini , in the Bengali film Chokher Bali -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , a depressed woman in the drama Raincoat -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Kiranjit Ahluwalia in the British drama film Provoked -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , as a nurse in the drama Guzaarish -LRB- 2010 -RRB- and as a justise-seeking sister in the biographical drama Sarbjit -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . Rai 's greatest commercial successes have been the romance Mohabbatein -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , the adventure film Dhoom 2 -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , the historical romance Jodhaa Akbar -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , the science fiction film Enthiran -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , and the romantic drama Ae Dil Hai Mushkil -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .   Rai married actor Abhishek Bachchan in 2007 with whom she has one daughter . Her off-screen roles include duties as a brand ambassador for several charity organisations and campaigns . She is a Goodwill Ambassador for the Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS -LRB- UNAIDS -RRB- . In 2003 , she was the first Indian actress to be a jury member at the Cannes Film Festival .


query: Richard Nixon ran for POTUS.

document: Richard Milhous Nixon -LRB- January 9 , 1913 -- April 22 , 1994 -RRB- was an American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States from 1969 until 1974 , when he became the only U.S. president to resign from office . He had previously served as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961 under the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower , and prior to that as a U.S. Representative and also Senator from California .   Nixon was born in Yorba Linda , California . After completing his undergraduate studies at Whittier College , he graduated from Duke University School of Law in 1937 and returned to California to practice law . He and his wife Pat moved to Washington in 1942 to work for the federal government . He subsequently served on active duty in the U.S. Navy Reserve during World War II . Nixon was elected to the House of Representatives in 1946 and to the Senate in 1950 . His pursuit of the Hiss Case established his reputation as a leading anti-communist , and elevated him to national prominence . He was the running mate of Dwight D. Eisenhower , the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 1952 election . Nixon served for eight years as vice president -- at 40 , the second-youngest vice president in history . He waged an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 1960 , narrowly losing to John F. Kennedy , and lost a race for Governor of California to Pat Brown in 1962 . In 1968 , he ran for the presidency again and was elected by defeating incumbent Vice President Hubert Humphrey .   Nixon ended American involvement in the war in Vietnam in 1973 and brought the American POWs home , and ended the military draft . Nixon 's visit to the People 's Republic of China in 1972 eventually led to diplomatic relations between the two nations , and he initiated détente and the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union the same year . His administration generally transferred power from Washington D.C. to the states . He imposed wage and price controls for a period of ninety days , enforced desegregation of Southern schools and established the Environmental Protection Agency . Nixon also presided over the Apollo 11 moon landing , which signaled the end of the moon race . He was reelected in one of the largest electoral landslides in U.S. history in 1972 , when he defeated George McGovern .   The year 1973 saw an Arab oil embargo , gasoline rationing , and a continuing series of revelations about the Watergate scandal . The scandal escalated , costing Nixon much of his political support , and on August 9 , 1974 , he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office . After his resignation , he was issued a pardon by his successor , Gerald Ford . In retirement , Nixon 's work writing several books and undertaking of many foreign trips helped to rehabilitate his image . He suffered a debilitating stroke on April 18 , 1994 , and died four days later at the age of 81 .


query: Kid A is an album by Radiohead.

document: Radiohead are an English alternative rock band from Abingdon , Oxfordshire , formed in 1985 . The band consists of Thom Yorke -LRB- lead vocals , guitar , piano , keyboards -RRB- , Jonny Greenwood -LRB- lead guitar , keyboards , other instruments -RRB- , Ed O'Brien -LRB- guitar , backing vocals -RRB- , Colin Greenwood -LRB- bass -RRB- , and Phil Selway -LRB- drums , percussion , backing vocals -RRB- . They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994 .   After signing to EMI in 1991 , Radiohead released their debut single `` Creep '' in 1992 . It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album , Pablo Honey -LRB- 1993 -RRB- . Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album , The Bends -LRB- 1995 -RRB- . Radiohead 's third album , OK Computer -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , propelled them to international fame ; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation , it is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s and one of the best albums in popular music . The group 's next albums Kid A -LRB- 2000 -RRB- and Amnesiac -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , recorded simultaneously , marked a dramatic change in style , incorporating influences from experimental electronic music , 20th-century classical music , krautrock , and jazz . Despite initially dividing listeners , Kid A was later named the best album of the decade by Rolling Stone , Pitchfork and the Times .   Radiohead 's sixth album , Hail to the Thief -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , mixed rock and electronic music with lyrics inspired by the War on Terror , and was the band 's final album for EMI . Their subsequent releases have pioneered alternative release platforms such as pay-what-you-want and BitTorrent . Radiohead self-released their seventh album , In Rainbows -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , as a download for which customers could set their own price , to critical and chart success . Their eighth album , The King of Limbs -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , an exploration of rhythm , was developed using extensive looping and sampling . Their ninth album , A Moon Shaped Pool -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , prominently featured Jonny Greenwood 's orchestral arrangements .   Radiohead have sold more than 30 million albums worldwide . Their work places highly in both listener polls and critics ' lists of the best music of the 1990s and 2000s . In 2005 , they were ranked 73rd in Rolling Stone 's list of `` The Greatest Artists of All Time '' ; Jonny Greenwood -LRB- 48th -RRB- and O'Brien -LRB- 59th -RRB- were both included in Rolling Stones list of greatest guitarists , and Yorke -LRB- 66th -RRB- in their list of greatest singers . In 2009 , Rolling Stone readers voted the group the second-best artist of the 2000s .


query: Emily Blunt played a supporting role in The Devil Wears Prada in 2009.

document: The Devil Wears Prada is a 2006 American comedy-drama film based on Lauren Weisberger 's 2003 novel of the same name . This screen adaptation stars Meryl Streep as Miranda Priestly , a powerful fashion magazine editor , and Anne Hathaway as Andrea -LRB- `` Andy '' -RRB- Sachs , a college graduate who goes to New York City and lands a job as Priestly 's co-assistant . Emily Blunt and Stanley Tucci co-star , as co-assistant Emily Charlton and art director Nigel , respectively .   Adrian Grenier , Simon Baker , and Tracie Thoms play key supporting roles . Wendy Finerman produced and David Frankel directed the film , which was distributed by 20th Century Fox . Streep 's performance drew critical acclaim and earned her many award nominations , including her record-setting 14th Oscar bid , as well as the Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Comedy or Musical . Blunt also drew favorable reviews and nominations for her performance , as did many of those involved in the film 's production .   The film was well received by both film critics and the public and became a surprise summer box-office hit following its June 30 North American release . The commercial success and critical praise for Streep 's performance continued in foreign markets with the film leading the international box office for most of October . Likewise , the U.S. DVD release was the top rental during December . The film finished in 2006 's Top 20 both in the U.S. and overseas and grossed over $ 300 million , mostly from its international run .   Although the movie is set in the fashion world , most designers and other fashion notables avoided appearing as themselves for fear of displeasing U.S. Vogue editor Anna Wintour , who is widely believed to have been the inspiration for Priestly . Still , many allowed their clothes and accessories to be used in the film , making it one of the most expensively costumed films in history . Wintour later overcame her initial skepticism , saying she liked the film and Streep in particular .


query: Part of the Ozarks is in Arkansas.

document: The Ozarks , also referred to as the Ozark Mountains , Ozarks Mountain Country , and the Ozark Plateau , is a physiographic and geologic highland region of the central United States , primarily in Arkansas , Missouri , and Oklahoma . The Ozarks cover a significant portion of southern Missouri , extending as far northeast as the southwestern suburbs of St. Louis . In Arkansas , a large portion is contained within the northwestern and northcentral region . Much smaller pieces of the Ozarks extend westward into northeastern Oklahoma and extreme southeastern Kansas .   The Shawnee Hills of southwest Illinois , which lie near the eastern edge of this region , are commonly called the `` Illinois Ozarks , '' but are generally not considered part of the true Ozarks .   Although sometimes referred to as the Ozark Mountains , the region is actually a high and deeply dissected plateau . Geologically , the area is a broad dome around the Saint Francois Mountains . The Ozark Highlands area , covering nearly 47000 sqmi , is by far the most extensive mountainous region between the Appalachians and the Rocky Mountains . Together , the Ozarks and Ouachita Mountains form an area known as the U.S. Interior Highlands , and are sometimes referred to collectively . For example , the ecoregion called Ozark Mountain Forests includes the Ouachita Mountains , although the Arkansas River Valley and the Ouachitas , both south of the Boston Mountains , are not usually considered part of the Ozarks .


query: Bryan Cranston's character in Breaking Bad also went by an alias.

document: Walter Hartwell White Sr. , also known by his clandestine alias Heisenberg , is a fictional character and the main protagonist of Breaking Bad . He is portrayed by Bryan Cranston . A graduate of the California Institute of Technology , Walt was once a promising chemist who cofounded the company Gray Matter Technologies with his close friend Elliot Schwartz and his then-girlfriend Gretchen . He left Gray Matter abruptly , selling his shares for $ 5,000 ; soon afterward , the company made a fortune , much of it from his research . Walt subsequently moved to Albuquerque , New Mexico , where he became a high school chemistry teacher . Breaking Bad begins on Walter 's 50th birthday , when he is diagnosed with Stage IIIA lung cancer . After this discovery , he resorts to manufacturing methamphetamine and drug dealing to ensure his family 's financial security after his death . He is pulled deeper into the illicit drug trade , becoming more and more ruthless as the series progresses , and later adopts the alias `` Heisenberg '' , which becomes recognizable as the kingpin figure in the local drug trade . Series creator Vince Gilligan has described his goal with Walter White as `` turning Mr. Chips into Scarface '' , and deliberately made the character less sympathetic over the course of the series . Walt 's evolution from mild-mannered school teacher and family man to ruthless criminal mastermind and murderer is the show 's central focus .   Although AMC officials hesitated to cast Cranston due to his previous comedic role on Malcolm in the Middle , Gilligan cast him based on the actor 's past performance in the X-Files episode `` Drive '' , which Gilligan wrote . Cranston contributed greatly to the creation of his character , including Walt 's backstory , physical appearance , and personality traits . Both the Walter White character and Bryan Cranston 's performance have received critical acclaim , with Walt frequently being mentioned as one of the greatest and most iconic television characters of all time . Cranston won four Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series , three of them being consecutive , becoming the second actor to do so since Bill Cosby for I Spy in the 1960s . Following his fourth win , Cranston tied Dennis Franz for the most wins in the category 's history . He is the first man to win a Critics ' Choice , Golden Globe , Primetime Emmy , SAG , and TCA Award for his performance .   In the Spanish-language remake Metástasis , his character is renamed Walter Blanco -LRB- blanco being the Spanish translation of white -RRB- and is portrayed by .


query: Janet Jackson signed a recording contract in 1982.

document: Janet Damita Jo Jackson -LRB- born May 16 , 1966 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , dancer and actress . Known for sonically innovative , socially conscious , and sexually provocative records , elaborate stage shows , and high-profile television and film roles , she has been a prominent figure in popular culture for over 30 years .   The youngest child of the Jackson family , she began her career with the variety television series The Jacksons in 1976 and went on to appear in other television shows throughout the 1970s and early 1980s , including Good Times and Fame . After signing a recording contract with A&M Records in 1982 , she became a pop icon following the release of her third studio album Control -LRB- 1986 -RRB- . Her collaborations with record producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis incorporated elements of rhythm and blues , funk , disco , rap , and industrial beats , which led to crossover success in popular music .   In 1991 Jackson signed the first of two record-breaking multimillion-dollar contracts with Virgin Records , establishing her as one of the highest paid artists in the industry . Her debut album under the label , Janet -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , saw her develop a public image as a sex symbol as she began to explore sexuality in her work . That same year , she appeared in her first starring film role in Poetic Justice ; she has continued to act in feature films . By the end of the 1990s , she was the second most successful recording artist of the decade . The release of her seventh studio album All for You -LRB- 2001 -RRB- coincided with a celebration of her impact on popular music as the inaugural MTV Icon . After parting ways with Virgin she released her tenth studio album , Discipline -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , her first and only album with Island Records . In 2015 she partnered with BMG Rights Management to launch her own record label , Rhythm Nation , and released her eleventh studio album Unbreakable the same year .   Having sold over 100 million records , Jackson is one of the best-selling artists in the history of contemporary music . She has amassed an extensive catalog , with singles such as `` Nasty '' , `` Rhythm Nation '' , `` That 's the Way Love Goes '' , `` Together Again '' and `` All for You '' ; she holds the record for the most consecutive top 10 hits on the US Billboard Hot 100 singles chart by a female artist with 18 . In 2016 , Billboard placed her number seven on its list of the Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists , and in 2010 ranked her fifth among the `` Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years '' . In December 2016 , the magazine named her the second most successful dance club artist of all-time . One of the world 's most awarded artists , her longevity , records and achievements reflect her influence in shaping and redefining the scope of popular music . She has been cited as an inspiration among numerous performers .


query: Bonnie Hunt narrated Cheaper by the Dozen.

document: Cheaper by the Dozen is a 2003 American family comedy film which takes its title from the autobiographical book of the same name by Frank B. Gilbreth , Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey , but despite the title and the concept of a family with twelve children , ranging from 5 year old Nigel & Kyle to 22 year old Nora , the film bears no resemblance to the book nor its original film adaptation , although it is mentioned that the mother 's maiden name is Gilbreth . The film was directed by Shawn Levy , narrated by Bonnie Hunt , and starring Steve Martin . The film was released on December 25 , 2003 by 20th Century Fox , ultimately grossing just over $ 190 million worldwide .


query: Eric Singer has performed with Badlands.

document: Eric Singer -LRB- born Eric Doyle Mensinger ; May 12 , 1958 -RRB- is an American hard rock and heavy metal drummer , best known as a member of Kiss , portraying The Catman originally played by Peter Criss . He has also performed with artists such as Black Sabbath , Alice Cooper , Lita Ford , Badlands , and Gary Moore as well as his own band ESP . In his career , Singer has appeared on over 75 albums and 11 EPs .


query: George Lucas was the creator of Star Wars.

document: George Walton Lucas Jr. -LRB- born May 14 , 1944 -RRB- is an American filmmaker and entrepreneur . He is best known as the creator of the Star Wars and Indiana Jones franchises , as well as the founder of Lucasfilm and Industrial Light & Magic . He was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer -LRB- CEO -RRB- of Lucasfilm , before selling it to The Walt Disney Company in 2012 .   Upon graduating from the University of Southern California in 1967 , Lucas co-founded American Zoetrope with fellow filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola . Lucas wrote and directed THX 1138 -LRB- 1971 -RRB- , based on his earlier student short Electronic Labyrinth : THX 1138 4EB , which was a critical success but a financial failure . His next work as a writer-director was the film , American Graffiti -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , inspired by his teen years in early 1960s Modesto , California , and produced through the newly founded Lucasfilm . The film was critically and commercially successful , and received five Academy Award nominations including Best Picture .   Lucas 's next film , an epic space opera titled Star Wars -LRB- 1977 -RRB- , went through a troubled production process ; however , it was a surprise hit , becoming the highest-grossing film at the time , as well as a winner of six Academy Awards and a cultural phenomenon . Following the first Star Wars film , Lucas produced and co-wrote the following installments in the trilogy , The Empire Strikes Back -LRB- 1980 -RRB- and Return of the Jedi -LRB- 1983 -RRB- . Along with Steven Spielberg , Lucas co-created and wrote the Indiana Jones films Raiders of the Lost Ark -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , Temple of Doom -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , and The Last Crusade -LRB- 1989 -RRB- . Lucas also produced and wrote a variety of films through Lucasfilm in the 1980s and 1990s .   In 1997 , Lucas re-released the original Star Wars trilogy as part of a Special Edition , where he made several alterations to the films ; home media releases with further changes were released in 2004 and 2011 . Lucas also returned to directing with the Star Wars prequel trilogy , consisting of The Phantom Menace -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , Attack of the Clones -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , and Revenge of the Sith -LRB- 2005 -RRB- . He later collaborated on the story for the Indiana Jones sequel Kingdom of the Crystal Skull -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , and served as the story writer and executive producer for the war film , Red Tails -LRB- 2012 -RRB- .   Five of Lucas 's seven features are among the 100 highest-grossing movies at the North American box office , adjusted for ticket-price inflation . Lucas is one of the American film industry 's most financially successful filmmakers , and has been personally nominated for four Academy Awards . Lucas is considered a significant figure in the New Hollywood era .


query: Melissa McCarthy received a nomination for Golden Globe Award.

document: Melissa Ann McCarthy -LRB- born August 26 , 1970 -RRB- is an American actress , comedian , writer , fashion designer and producer . She began appearing in television and films in the late 1990s , and first gained nationwide recognition for her role as Sookie St. James on the television series Gilmore Girls -LRB- 2000 -- 2007 -RRB- .   From 2007 to 2009 , she appeared as Dena on the ABC sitcom Samantha Who ? . McCarthy was then cast as Molly Flynn on the CBS sitcom Mike & Molly -LRB- 2010 -- 2016 -RRB- , earning a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series as well as two other nominations during subsequent seasons . She has also been nominated four times -LRB- in 2012 , 2013 , 2014 and 2016 -RRB- for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her five appearances as host on Saturday Night Live .   McCarthy achieved recognition as Megan Price in the comedy film Bridesmaids -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , which garnered her award nominations including an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress , a BAFTA nomination and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2013 , she co-starred in the comedy films Identity Thief and The Heat . She appeared in supporting roles in The Nines -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , The Back-up Plan -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Life as We Know It -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , This Is 40 -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and The Hangover Part III -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . In 2014 , McCarthy starred in the comedy Tammy and the comedy-drama film St. Vincent . In 2015 , she headlined the action comedy film Spy , for which she received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Comedy or Musical nomination . In 2016 , she starred in the comedy films The Boss and Ghostbusters . In 2017 she played White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer in several episodes of Saturday Night Live .   McCarthy and her husband Ben Falcone founded the production company , On the Day Productions . In 2015 , she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and released women 's plus size clothing collection . Also in 2015 , Forbes named McCarthy the third highest-paid actress in the world that year . In 2016 , Forbes named her the world 's second highest-paid actress , earning $ 33 million .


query: Ava DuVernay is involved with film work.

document: Ava Marie DuVernay -LRB- -LSB- ˈeɪvə_ˌdjuːvərˈneɪ -RSB- born August 24 , 1972 -RRB- is an American director , screenwriter , film marketer , and film distributor . At the 2012 Sundance Film Festival , DuVernay won the Best Director Prize for her second feature film Middle of Nowhere , becoming the first African-American woman to win the award . For her work in Selma -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , DuVernay was the first black female director to be nominated for a Golden Globe Award . With Selma , she was also the first black female director to have her film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture , though she was not nominated for Best Director . In 2017 , she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for her film 13th -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .   DuVernay 's next film , A Wrinkle in Time , reportedly has a budget exceeding $ 100 million , making DuVernay the first black woman to direct a live-action film with a budget of that size .


query: Sarah Paulson received an award nomination.

document: Sarah Catharine Paulson -LRB- born December 17 , 1974 -RRB- is an American actress . After beginning her acting career on stage , she starred in the 1990s television series American Gothic -LRB- 1995 -- 96 -RRB- and Jack & Jill -LRB- 1999 -- 2001 -RRB- . Paulson later appeared in comedy films such as What Women Want -LRB- 2000 -RRB- and Down with Love -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , and had dramatic roles in films such as Path to War -LRB- 2002 -RRB- and The Notorious Bettie Page -LRB- 2005 -RRB- . From 2006 to 2007 , Paulson played the role of Harriet Hayes in the NBC comedy-drama series Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip , for which she received her first Golden Globe Award nomination . In 2008 , she starred as Ellen Dolan in the superhero noir film The Spirit .   Paulson has appeared on Broadway in the plays The Glass Menagerie -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and Collected Stories -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . She also starred in a number of independent films , and had a leading role on the ABC comedy series Cupid in 2009 . She later starred in the independent drama Martha Marcy May Marlene -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , and received Primetime Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for her performance as Nicolle Wallace in the HBO film Game Change -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . Paulson starred as Mary Epps in the 2013 historical drama film 12 Years a Slave and as Abby Gerhard in the 2015 drama film Carol . Both films received widespread critical acclaim and were nominated for multiple Academy Awards .   In 2011 , Paulson began starring in the FX anthology series American Horror Story , playing different characters in each of the show 's six seasons . For her work throughout the series , she has been nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards -LRB- 2013 -- 16 -RRB- and won two Critics ' Choice Television Awards for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie/Miniseries -LRB- 2013 and 2015 -RRB- . In 2016 , Paulson portrayed real life prosecutor Marcia Clark in the first season of the anthology series American Crime Story , subtitled The People v. O. J. Simpson . For her work in the series , she has been awarded the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Movie/Miniseries , Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie , TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Drama , and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Miniseries or Television Film as well as the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie .   According to Time magazine , she is one of the 100 most influential people of the year 2017 .


query: The Beach Boys included Bruce Johnston.

document: The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne , California , in 1961 . The group 's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian , Dennis , and Carl Wilson ; their cousin Mike Love ; and their friend Al Jardine . Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs , they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era . The group , led by their principal songwriter and producer Brian , pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production , combining their affinities for jazz-based vocal groups , 1950s rock and roll , and black R&B to create their unique sound . He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles , often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways .   The Beach Boys began as a garage band managed by the Wilsons ' father Murry , with Brian 's increasingly sophisticated songwriting and recording abilities dominating their creative direction . Emerging at the vanguard of the `` California Sound '' , they performed original material that reflected a southern California youth culture of surfing , cars , and romance . After 1964 , they abandoned the surfing aesthetic for more personal lyrics and multi-layered sounds . In 1966 , the Pet Sounds album and `` Good Vibrations '' single vaulted the group to the top level of rock innovators and established the band as symbols of the nascent counterculture era . Following the dissolution of the group 's Smile project in 1967 , Brian gradually ceded production and songwriting duties to the rest of the band , reducing his input because of mental health and substance abuse issues . The group 's public image subsequently faltered , and despite efforts to continue their psychedelic/avant-garde ventures and reclaim their hippie audiences , they were dismissed as an embodiment of the values and outlooks shared by early 1960s white , suburban teenagers .   The continued success of their greatest hits albums during the mid 1970s precipitated the band 's transition into an oldies act , a move that was denigrated by critics and many fans . Since the 1980s , much-publicized legal wrangling over royalties , songwriting credits and use of the band 's name transpired . Dennis drowned in 1983 and Carl died of lung cancer in 1998 . After Carl 's death , many live configurations of the band fronted by Mike Love and Bruce Johnston continued to tour into the 2000s while other members pursued solo projects . Even though Wilson and Jardine have not performed with Love and Johnston 's band since their one-off 2012 reunion tour , they remain a part of the Beach Boys ' corporation , Brother Records Inc. .   The Beach Boys are one of the most critically acclaimed , commercially successful , and widely influential bands of all time . The group had over eighty songs chart worldwide , thirty-six of them US Top 40 hits -LRB- the most by an American rock band -RRB- , four reaching number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The Beach Boys have sold in excess of 100 million records worldwide , making them one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time and are listed at No. 12 on Rolling Stone magazine 's 2004 list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' . The core quintet of the three Wilsons , Love and Jardine were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 .


query: Israel hosts a population of asylum seekers from a place.

document: Israel -LRB- -LSB- ˈɪzreiəl -RSB- ; -RRB- , officially the State of Israel -LRB- -LSB- mediˈnat jisʁaˈʔel -RSB- دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل -LSB- dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl -RSB- -RRB- , is a country in the Middle East , on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea . It has land borders with Lebanon to the north , Syria to the northeast , Jordan on the east , the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west , respectively , and Egypt to the southwest . The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area . Israel 's economy and technology center is Tel Aviv , while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem , although the state 's sovereignty over East Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.The Jerusalem Law states that `` Jerusalem , complete and united , is the capital of Israel '' and the city serves as the seat of the government , home to the President 's residence , government offices , supreme court , and parliament . United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 -LRB- 20 August 1980 ; 14 -- 0 , U.S. abstaining -RRB- declared the Jerusalem Law `` null and void '' and called on member states to withdraw their diplomatic missions from Jerusalem . The United Nations and all member nations refuse to accept the Jerusalem Law -LRB- see -RRB- and maintain their embassies in other cities such as Tel Aviv , Ramat Gan , and Herzliya -LRB- see the CIA Factbook and Map of Israel -RRB- . The U.S. Congress subsequently adopted the Jerusalem Embassy Act , which said that the U.S. embassy should be relocated to Jerusalem and that it should be recognized as the capital of Israel . However , the US Justice Department Office of Legal Counsel concluded that the provisions of the act `` invade exclusive presidential authorities in the field of foreign affairs and are unconstitutional '' . Since passage of the act , all presidents serving in office have determined that moving forward with the relocation would be detrimental to U.S. national security concerns and opted to issue waivers suspending any action on this front . The Palestinian Authority sees East Jerusalem as the capital of a future Palestinian state . The city 's final status awaits future negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority -LRB- see `` Negotiating Jerusalem , '' Palestine -- Israel Journal -RRB- . See Positions on Jerusalem for more information .   In 1947 , the United Nations adopted a Partition Plan for Mandatory Palestine recommending the creation of independent Arab and Jewish states and an internationalized Jerusalem . The plan was accepted by the Jewish Agency for Palestine , and rejected by Arab leaders . Next year , the Jewish Agency declared `` the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel , to be known as the State of Israel . '' Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states , in the course of which it has occupied territories including the West Bank , Golan Heights and the Gaza Strip -LRB- still considered occupied after 2005 disengagement -RRB- . It extended its laws to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem , but not the West Bank . Israel 's occupation of the Palestinian territories is the world 's longest military occupation in modern times . Efforts to resolve the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict have not resulted in peace . However , peace treaties between Israel and both Egypt and Jordan have successfully been implemented .   The population of Israel , as defined by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics , was estimated in to be people . It is the world 's only Jewish-majority state , with 74.8 % being designated as Jewish . The country 's second largest group of citizens are Arabs , at 20.8 % -LRB- including the Druze and most East Jerusalem Arabs -RRB- . The great majority of Israeli Arabs are Sunni Muslims , including significant numbers of semi-settled Negev Bedouins ; the rest are Christians and Druze . Other minorities include Arameans , Armenians , Assyrians , Black Hebrew Israelites , Circassians , Maronites and Samaritans . Israel also hosts a significant population of non-citizen foreign workers and asylum seekers from Africa and Asia , including illegal migrants from Sudan , Eritrea and other Sub-Saharan Africans .   In its Basic Laws , Israel defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state . Israel is a representative democracy with a parliamentary system , proportional representation and universal suffrage . The prime minister is head of government and the Knesset is the legislature . Israel is a developed country and an OECD member , with the 35th-largest economy in the world by nominal gross domestic product . The country benefits from a highly skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentage of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree . The country has the highest standard of living in the Middle East and the third highest in Asia , and has one of the highest life expectancies in the world .


query: The Czech Republic government is a unitary parliamentary republic.

document: The Czech Republic -LRB- -LSB- ˈtʃɛkiə -RSB- , ; Česko , -LSB- ˈt͡ʃɛsko -RSB- -RRB- , is a nation state in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west , Austria to the south , Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast . The Czech Republic covers an area of 78866 km2 with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , has 10.5 million inhabitants and the capital and largest city is Prague , with over 1.2 million residents . The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia .   The Czech state was formed in the late 9th century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire . After the fall of the Empire in 907 , the centre of power transferred from Moravia to Bohemia under the Přemyslid dynasty . In 1002 , the duchy was formally recognized as part of the Holy Roman Empire , becoming the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 and reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century . Besides Bohemia itself , the king of Bohemia ruled the lands of the Bohemian Crown , he had a vote in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor , and Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century . In the Hussite wars of the 15th century driven by the Protestant Bohemian Reformation , the kingdom faced economic embargoes and defeated five consecutive crusades proclaimed by the leaders of the Roman Catholic Church .   Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy alongside the Archduchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary . The Protestant Bohemian Revolt -LRB- 1618 -- 20 -RRB- against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years ' War . After the Battle of the White Mountain , the Habsburgs consolidated their rule , eradicated Protestantism and reimposed Roman Catholicism , and also adopted a policy of gradual Germanization . With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 , the Bohemian Kingdom became part of the Austrian Empire and the Czech language experienced a revival as a consequence of widespread romantic nationalism . In the 19th century , the Czech lands became the industrial powerhouse of the monarchy and were subsequently the core of the Republic of Czechoslovakia , which was formed in 1918 following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War I.   The Czech part of Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in World War II , and was liberated in 1945 by the armies of the Soviet Union and the United States . The Czech country lost the majority of its German-speaking inhabitants after they were expelled following the war . The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia won the 1946 elections . Following the 1948 coup d'état , Czechoslovakia became a one-party communist state under Soviet influence . In 1968 , increasing dissatisfaction with the regime culminated in a reform movement known as the Prague Spring , which ended in a Soviet-led invasion .   The first separate Czech republic was created on 1 January 1969 , under the name Czech Socialistic Republic within federalization of Czechoslovakia , however the federalization was implemented only incompletely . Czechoslovakia remained occupied until the 1989 Velvet Revolution , when the communist regime collapsed and a democracy and federalization was deepened . On 6 March 1990 , the Czech Socialistic Republic was renamed to the Czech Republic . On 1 January 1993 , Czechoslovakia peacefully dissolved , with its constituent states becoming the independent states of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic .   The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union -LRB- EU -RRB- in 2004 ; it is a member of the United Nations , the OECD , the OSCE , and the Council of Europe . It is a developed country with an advanced , high income economy and high living standards . The UNDP ranks the country 14th in inequality-adjusted human development . In 2017 , Czech citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 168 countries and territories , ranking the Czech passport 9th in the world -LRB- after 25 other countries -RRB- . The Czech Republic also ranks as the 6th most peaceful country , while achieving strong performance in democratic governance . It has the lowest unemployment rate of EU members .


query: Natasha Richardson starred as the main character in Patty Hearst.

document: Natasha Jane Richardson -LRB- 11 May 1963 -- 18 March 2009 -RRB- was an English stage and screen actress .   Richardson was a member of the Redgrave family . She was the daughter of actress Vanessa Redgrave and director/producer Tony Richardson and the granddaughter of Michael Redgrave and Rachel Kempson . Early in her career , she portrayed Mary Shelley in Ken Russell 's Gothic -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , and Patty Hearst in the eponymous 1988 film directed by Paul Schrader , and later received critical acclaim and a Theatre World Award for her Broadway debut in the 1993 revival of Anna Christie .   She won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical , the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical , and the Outer Critics Circle Award for her performance as Sally Bowles in the 1998 Broadway revival of Cabaret . Some of her notable films included Patty Hearst -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , The Handmaid 's Tale -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , Nell -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , The Parent Trap -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , and Maid in Manhattan -LRB- 2002 -RRB- .   Richardson died on 18 March 2009 from an epidural hematoma after a skiing accident in Quebec , Canada .


query: Sarah Paulson acted in the 2000's.


query: Liberal was an ideology of Ted Kennedy.

document: Edward Moore Kennedy -LRB- February 22 , 1932 -- August 25 , 2009 -RRB- was an American politician and lawyer who served as a United States Senator from Massachusetts . A member of the Democratic Party , he was the second most senior member of the Senate when he died and was the fourth-longest-serving senator in United States history , having served there for almost 47 years . Ted Kennedy was the most prominent living member of the Kennedy family for many years , and he was the last surviving son of Joseph P. Kennedy , Sr. and Rose Kennedy . He was the youngest brother of U.S President John F. Kennedy and Senator Robert F. Kennedy , both victims of assassination , and the father of Congressman Patrick J. Kennedy .   Ted Kennedy entered the Senate in a November 1962 special election to fill the seat previously held by his brother , John , who was now the President . He was elected to a full six-year term in 1964 and was re-elected seven more times . The Chappaquiddick incident in 1969 resulted in the death of his automobile passenger , Mary Jo Kopechne . Kennedy pleaded guilty to a charge of leaving the scene of an accident and later received a two-month suspended sentence . The incident and its aftermath hindered his chances of ever becoming President . His only attempt , in the 1980 election , resulted in a Democratic primary campaign loss to incumbent President Jimmy Carter .   Kennedy was known for his oratorical skills . His 1968 eulogy for his brother Robert and his 1980 rallying cry for modern American liberalism were among his best-known speeches . He became recognized as `` The Lion of the Senate '' through his long tenure and influence . More than 300 bills that Kennedy and his staff wrote were enacted into law . Unabashedly liberal , Kennedy championed an interventionist government that emphasized economic and social justice , but he was also known for working with Republicans to find compromises among senators with disparate views . Kennedy played a major role in passing many laws , including laws that addressed immigration , cancer research , health insurance , apartheid , disability discrimination , AIDS care , civil rights , mental health benefits , children 's health insurance , education and volunteering . During the 2000s , he led several unsuccessful immigration reform efforts . Over the course of his Senate career and continuing into the Obama administration , Kennedy continued his efforts to enact universal health care , which he called the `` cause of my life . ''   In May 2008 , Kennedy was hospitalized after suffering a seizure and was diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor , which limited his appearances in the Senate . He died on August 25 , 2009 , at his Hyannis Port , Massachusetts home . By the later years of his life , he had come to be viewed as a major figure and spokesman for American progressivism .


query: Tom Morello became interested in music.

document: Thomas Baptiste Morello -LRB- born May 30 , 1964 -RRB- is an American musician , singer , songwriter , actor and political activist . He is best known for his tenure with the band Rage Against the Machine and then with Audioslave . As of 2016 , Morello is a member of the supergroup Prophets of Rage . Morello was also a touring musician with Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band . He is also known for his acoustic solo act called The Nightwatchman , and Street Sweeper Social Club . Morello is also the co-founder -LRB- along with Serj Tankian -RRB- of the non-profit political activist organization Axis of Justice , which airs a monthly program on Pacifica Radio station KPFK -LRB- 90.7 FM -RRB- in Los Angeles .   Born in Harlem , New York , and raised in Libertyville , Illinois , Morello became interested in music and politics while in high school . He attended Harvard University and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Social Studies . After his previous band Lock Up disbanded , Morello met Zack de la Rocha , and the two founded Rage Against the Machine together . The group went on to become one of the most popular and influential rock acts of the 1990s .   He is best known for his unique and creative guitar playing style , which incorporates feedback noise , unconventional picking and tapping as well as heavy use of guitar effects . Morello is also noted for his leftist political views and activism ; his creation of his side project The Nightwatchman offered an outlet for his views while playing apolitical music with Audioslave . He was ranked number 40 in Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the `` 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time '' .


query: Miley Cyrus is a teen idol singer.

document: Miley Ray Cyrus -LRB- born Destiny Hope Cyrus ; November 23 , 1992 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , and actress . After playing minor roles in the television series Doc and the film Big Fish in her childhood , she became a teen idol starring as the character Miley Stewart in the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana in 2006 . Her father Billy Ray Cyrus also starred in the show . She subsequently signed a recording contract with Hollywood Records , and her debut studio album Meet Miley Cyrus -LRB- 2007 -RRB- was certified triple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- having shipped over three million units . She released her second album Breakout and launched her film career as a voice actress in the animated film Bolt in 2008 .   Cyrus starred in the feature film Hannah Montana : The Movie , and began cultivating a more mature image with her EP The Time of Our Lives in 2009 . In 2010 , she released her third album Ca n't Be Tamed , which stands as the lowest-selling record of her career , and starred in the coming-of-age film The Last Song . Cyrus focused on her acting career with several television and film appearances in 2011 and 2012 . Her sexually explicit behavior generated widespread controversy while promoting her fourth album Bangerz -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , her first under her recording contract with RCA Records . Cyrus ' independently-released fifth studio album Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz -LRB- 2015 -RRB- deviated from her traditional pop style for more psychedelic experimentation . In 2016 , she was a coach for the eleventh season of the singing competition series The Voice .   With Bangerz , Cyrus achieved her third number-one album on the U.S. Billboard 200 , and fifth overall including Hannah Montana soundtrack albums . She has logged eight top 10 entries on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 with : `` See You Again '' , `` 7 Things '' , `` The Climb '' , `` Party in the U.S.A. '' , `` Ca n't Be Tamed '' , `` We Ca n't Stop '' , `` Malibu '' and the chart-topping `` Wrecking Ball '' . Cyrus has earned numerous awards and nominations , as Billboard ranked her as the fourth best-selling female artist of 2009 . She was ranked number thirteen on Forbes Celebrity 100 in 2010 , and in 2013 was declared `` Artist of the Year '' by MTV . She has been included on the Time 100 list of most influential people in 2008 and 2014 .


query: Amy Poehler was part of a comedy group that emerged from Chicago.

document: Amy Meredith Poehler -LRB- -LSB- ˈpoʊlər -RSB- born September 16 , 1971 -RRB- is an American actress , comedian , director , producer , and writer . After studying improv at Chicago 's Second City and ImprovOlympic in the early 1990s , she went to New York City in 1996 to become part of the improvisational comedy troupe Upright Citizens Brigade . The group 's act became a half-hour sketch comedy series on Comedy Central in 1998 . Along with other members of the comedy group , Poehler was a founder of the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre .   She is best known by starring as Leslie Knope in the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation , for which she won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Television Musical or Comedy Series in 2014 and a Critics ' Choice Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series in 2012 . Poehler was a cast member on the NBC television series Saturday Night Live from 2001 to 2008 and became co-anchor of SNL 's Weekend Update in 2004 alongside friend and colleague Tina Fey . She is also known for voicing Joy from Inside Out , Sally O'Malley from the Horton Hears a Who ! movie adaption , Bessie Higgenbottom in the 2008 -- 2011 Nickelodeon series , The Mighty B ! and Homily Clock from the American-English dub of The Secret World of Arrietty .   Poehler served as an executive producer on the Swedish-American sitcom Welcome to Sweden , along with her brother Greg Poehler . The series aired on NBC . She is also an executive producer on Broad City which airs on Comedy Central , and appeared in the season one finale . Since August 2015 , she has served as an executive producer on the Hulu original series Difficult People , which stars her former Parks and Recreation co-star Billy Eichner and comedian Julie Klausner , the latter of whom is the creator of the show . In December 2015 , Poehler received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her contributions in television . An 18-time Primetime Emmy Award nominee , she won the 2016 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for Saturday Night Live .