<P> Substance dependence also known as drug dependence is an adaptive state that develops from repeated drug administration , and which results in withdrawal upon cessation of drug use . A drug addiction , a distinct concept from substance dependence , is defined as compulsive , out - of - control drug use , despite negative consequences . An addictive drug is a drug which is both rewarding and reinforcing . ΔFosB , a gene transcription factor , is now known to be a critical component and common factor in the development of virtually all forms of behavioral addiction and drug addictions , but not dependence . </P>
individuals who use substances are said to be dependent on the substance when
withdrawal upon cessation of drug use