<P> The open fields doctrine was first articulated by the U.S. Supreme Court in Hester v. United States , which stated that `` the special protection accorded by the Fourth Amendment to the people in their ' persons , houses , papers , and effects , ' is not extended to the open fields . '' This opinion appears to be decided on the basis that `` open fields are not a `` constitutionally protected area '' because they can not be construed as `` persons , houses , papers , ( or ) effects . '' </P>
the ideology known as the open fields doctrine was first enunciated in the case of
Hester v. United States