<P> The US spent $456.1 billion for research and development ( R&D ) in 2013 , the most recent year for which such figures are available , according to the National Science Foundation . The private sector accounted for $322.5 billion , or 71 % , of total national expenditures , with universities and colleges spending $64.7 billion , or 14 % , in second place . </P>
who pays for most of the scientific research done in the united states
The private sector