<P> The term `` political machine '' dates back to the 20th century in the United States , where such organizations have existed in some municipalities and states since the 18th century . Similar machines have been described in Latin America , where the system has been called clientelism or political clientelism ( after the similar Clientela relationship in the Roman Republic ) , especially in rural areas , and also in some African states and other emerging democracies , like postcommunist Eastern European countries . Japan 's Liberal Democratic Party is often cited as another political machine , maintaining power in suburban and rural areas through its control of farm bureaus and road construction agencies . In Japan , the word jiban ( literally `` base '' or `` foundation '' ) is the word used for political machines . </P>
where did most political machines arise and receive the most support at the turn of the century
the United States