<P> Of the 204 NOCs participating , 85 received at least one medal ; 55 won at least one gold medal . Athletes from the United States won the most gold medals , with 46 , and the most overall , with 103 . Michael Phelps and Missy Franklin won the most gold medals at the games with four each . Phelps also won the greatest number of medals overall winning six in total . Bahrain , Botswana , Cyprus , Gabon , Grenada ( a gold medal ) , Guatemala , and Montenegro won their first Olympic medals . In prior Olympics , however , Montenegrin athletes have won medals as nationals of Serbia and Montenegro and of Yugoslavia . An athlete from Serbia won the first Olympic gold medal for the country as an independent NOC , however , Serbian athletes have previously won gold medals as nationals of Serbia and Montenegro and of Yugoslavia . Moldova lost all the medals it had won and Cameroon won all its medals due to medals reallocation after retesting of doping samples in 2016 . </P>
which country won the maximum number of gold medals at the london olympics 2012
United States