<Table> <Tr> <Th> Field </Th> <Th> Person / s considered `` father '' or `` mother '' </Th> <Th> Rationale </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anatomy ( modern ) </Td> <Td> Marcello Malpighi </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Biophysics </Td> <Td> Hermann von Helmholtz </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Biomechanics </Td> <Td> Christian Wilhelm Braune </Td> <Td> First to describe the methodology of human gait walking . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bioelectromagnetics </Td> <Td> Luigi Galvani </Td> <Td> First to discover animal electricity through a series of experiments . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cognitive therapy </Td> <Td> Aaron T. Beck </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` In developing ways to do this , Beck became the father of cognitive therapy , one of the most important developments in psychotherapy in the last 50 years . '' </Li> <Li> The Prospect of Immortality ( 1962 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cryonics </Td> <Td> Robert Ettinger </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dentistry ( modern ) </Td> <Td> Pierre Fauchard </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Electrophysiology </Td> <Td> Emil du Bois - Reymond </Td> <Td> The discoverer of nerve action potential . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Emergency medicine </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Peter Safar </Li> <Li> Frank Pantridge </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Safar pioneered CPR , intensive - care units and developed standards for EMT , ambulance design and equipment . </Li> <Li> Pantridge : </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Epidemiology ( modern ) </Td> <Td> John Snow </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fitness </Td> <Td> Jack LaLanne </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gynaecology </Td> <Td> J. Marion Sims </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Histology </Td> <Td> Marcello Malpighi </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Human anatomy ( modern ) </Td> <Td> Vesalius </Td> <Td> De humani corporis fabrica ( 1543 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Medical genetics </Td> <Td> Victor McKusick </Td> <Td> Mendelian Inheritance in Man </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Medicine ( early ) </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Imhotep </Li> <Li> Charaka </Li> <Li> Hippocrates </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> None . </Li> <Li> Wrote the Charaka Samhitā and founded the Ayurveda system of medicine . </Li> <Li> Prescribed professional practices for physicians through the Hippocratic Oath . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Medicine ( modern ) </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sir William Osler </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Neurosurgery </Td> <Td> Harvey Cushing </Td> <Td> Developed techniques that considerably reduced the risks involved with brain surgery in the early 20th Century . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nursing ( modern ) </Td> <Td> Florence Nightingale </Td> <Td> See Nursing # History . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nutrition ( modern ) </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Justus von Liebig </Li> <Li> Antoine - Laurent Lavoisier </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Justus Von Liebig , the ' father of modern nutrition ' , developed the perfect infant food . It consisted of ( ... ) '' </Li> <Li> `` In addition to being known as the Father of Modern Chemistry , Lavoisier is also considered the Father of Modern Nutrition , as the first to discover the metabolism that occurs inside the human body ... '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Organ transplantation </Td> <Td> Thomas Starzl </Td> <Td> Performed the first human liver transplant and established the clinical utility of anti-rejection drugs including ciclosporin . Developed major advances in organ preservation , procurement and transplantation . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Orthopedic surgery ( modern ) </Td> <Td> Hugh Owen Thomas </Td> <Td> He stressed the importance of rest in treatment and was responsible for many landmark contributions to orthopaedic surgery . He was especially celebrated for his design and use of splints ; the famous Thomas knee splint was still in wide use at the end of World War II . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Psychology ( experimental ) </Td> <Td> Wilhelm Wundt </Td> <Td> Founded the first laboratory for psychological research . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pediatrics </Td> <Td> Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi ( `` Rhazes '' ) </Td> <Td> Wrote The Diseases of Children , the first book to deal with pediatrics as an independent field . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Physiology </Td> <Td> Claude Bernard </Td> <Td> An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine ( 1865 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Physical culture </Td> <Td> Bernarr Macfadden </Td> <Td> `` It delighted the heart of our old friend Bernarr Macfadden , ' the Father of Physical Culture , ' when we told him how much athletic activity and good sportsmanship had to do with the rehabilitation of boys . '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Plastic surgery </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sushruta </Li> <Li> Harold Gillies </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Wrote the Sushruta Samhita
who is considered to be the father of medicine
Imhotep Charaka Hippocrates Sir William Osler