<Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Ottoman Empire </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> دولت عليه عثمانیه ‎ Devlet - i ʿAlīye - i ʿOsmānīye The Exalted Ottoman State </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> c. 1299 -- 1922 / 1923 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Flag ( 1844 -- 1922 ) Coat of arms ( 1882 design ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Motto دولت ابد مدت ‎ Devlet - i Ebed - müddet `` The Eternal State '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Anthem ( various ) ( during 1808 -- 1922 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> The Ottoman Empire at its greatest extent in Europe , under Sultan Mehmed IV . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Capital </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Söğüt </Li> <Li> ( c. 1299 -- 1335 ) </Li> <Li> Bursa </Li> <Li> ( 1335 -- 1363 ) </Li> <Li> Edirne </Li> <Li> ( 1363 -- 1453 ) </Li> <Li> Constantinople ( present - day Istanbul ) </Li> <Li> ( 1453 -- 1922 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Languages </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ottoman Turkish ( official ) </Li> <Li> many others </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Religion </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sunni Islam </Li> <Li> Madhab : Hanafi </Li> <Li> Creed : Maturidi </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Government </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Absolute monarchy </Li> <Li> ( c. 1299 -- 1876 ) </Li> <Li> ( 1878 -- 1908 ) </Li> <Li> ( 1920 -- 1922 ) </Li> <Li> Constitutional monarchy </Li> <Li> ( 1876 -- 1878 ) </Li> <Li> ( 1908 -- 1920 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Sultan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> c. 1299 -- 1323 / 4 </Td> <Td> Osman I ( first ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1918 -- 1922 </Td> <Td> Mehmed VI ( last ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Caliph </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1512 -- 1520 </Td> <Td> Selim I ( first ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1922 -- 1924 </Td> <Td> Abdülmecid II ( last ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Grand Vizier </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1320 -- 1331 </Td> <Td> Alaeddin Pasha ( first ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1920 -- 1922 </Td> <Td> Ahmet Tevfik Pasha ( last ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Legislature </Td> <Td> General Assembly </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Upper house </Td> <Td> Senate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lower house </Td> <Td> Chamber of Deputies </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> History </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Founded </Td> <Td> c. 1299 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Interregnum </Td> <Td> 1402 -- 1414 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Transformation to empire </Td> <Td> 1453 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1st Constitutional </Td> <Td> 1876 -- 1878 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2nd Constitutional </Td> <Td> 1908 -- 1920 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Raid on the Sublime Porte </Td> <Td> 23 January 1913 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Sultanate abolished </Td> <Td> 1 November 1922 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Republic of Turkey established </Td> <Td> 29 October 1923 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Caliphate abolished </Td> <Td> 3 March 1924 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Area </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1683 </Td> <Td> 5,200,000 km ( 2,000,000 sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1914 </Td> <Td> 1,800,000 km ( 690,000 sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Population </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1856 est . </Td> <Td> 35,350,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1906 est . </Td> <Td> 20,884,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1912 est . </Td> <Td> 24,000,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Currency </Td> <Td> Akçe , Para , Sultani , Kuruş , Lira </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by </Td> <Td> Succeeded by </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Sultanate of Rum </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Adal Sultanate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Anatolian beyliks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Byzantine Empire </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kingdom of Bosnia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Second Bulgarian Empire </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Serbian Despotate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kingdom of Hungary </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kingdom of Croatia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mamluk Sultanate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Hafsid dynasty </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Hospitallers of Tripolitania </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kingdom of Tlemcen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Empire of Trebizond </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td>
who ruled the ottoman empire in the 1500s
Selim I