If you wish to order Kona coffee on the web then there is a unique record behind these beans that you should know. Kona coffee can also be known as Coffee Arabica due to the Arabica plant talented to Hawaii from Brazil. Primary Boki, the governor of Oahu produced that seed specially from Rio delaware Janeiro. The tree was then delivered to Kona in 1828 by Reverend Samuel Ruggles. This pine was initially planted for visual purposes but it began to develop perfectly which lead people to today’s prestigious picture that Kona coffee has on the planet today.
The Kona tree became perfectly because of the perfect weather in Hawaii. The weather expected to cultivate Kona beans involves great winds, rains and wealthy volcanic soil. All these factors enable the plant to cultivate quickly.
Then with the passing of time Kona farms started to progress and by mid 1800s they were very famous for their rich mixture of coffee. Sailors and whalers came by to Hawaiian slots to buy this original coffee. Within a matter of a few years, Kona received the trustworthiness of premium coffee that possesses the richest flavor compared to any other coffee in the world.
Kona coffee has experienced several stages by which it had to battle a great deal in order to hold onto its position. Its demand has gone through several changes and it nearly reached a point wherever its demand fully collapsed. But, due to particular factors it quickly collected power again and recovered when tourism in Hawaii increased.
What makes Kona coffee so particular? This excellent coffee is well-known if you are wonderfully easy without aggression or acidity. Several coffees need product, sugar, or other flavor to produce it drinkable, but Kona Coffee is perfect by itself.
It’s difficult to pinpoint one thing that offers it its amazing style; many different factors bond to make Kona the right place for growing coffee. From the exotic climate and volcanic soil to the treasure woods and hard working farmers, Kona has all the right conditions to create an ideal coffee bean.
Kona is on the european slopes of the mountains of Hualalai and Mauna Loa on the Huge Island of Hawaii. These huge mountains protect the coffee woods from the solid business winds that strike from the north east. That produces a tranquil region with soft breezes and several storms. Furthermore, these hills entice cloud cover in the afternoons. A lot of sunlight harms coffee woods, but these day clouds let an ideal amount of mild each day
The clouds also bring much needed rain for the coffee trees. Kona averages about 50 inches of rain annually, with summer being the wet season and winter being drier. An average Kona time is warm and warm in the morning, with clouds going in later to bring warm, exotic water to satisfy the coffee woods in the afternoon.
Currently, there are about 700 Kona farms which contain around 3000 miles of trees which create about 18 million kilos of natural Kona coffee every year. Roasted beans can be purchased at $25 per pound and leads to a lot of money of about $30 million to Kona farmers every year. As the quality of Kona coffee was acknowledged with the passing of time, their production in addition has improved ultimately causing even more benefits.
The generation method is difficult and involves sufficient treatment and attention. Harvesting Kona coffee is nothing like harvesting some other coffee. The Kona farmers devote plenty of work to make sure that the conclusion item is perfect. Some retailers try to steal the returns by producing coffee mixes and combinations that maintain to own Kona inside! Therefore be cautious if you have to buy Kona online.
What’s worse is that some sellers are actually counterfeiting Kona beans today. These unauthorized vendors re-label the actual South National Kona created from 100% Kona beans and sell them with their own titles at an increased cost to the unsuspecting customers. That is really harming for the Kona business and their popularity as well.
But, not all trust is missing as there are some traditional distributors of Kona who promote the advanced and genuine product. If you wish to order Kona coffee on the web then select the real Hawaiian distributors or take out a study to ensure that you select the best seller.


Commodity investors worry for the possible impact of Russia-Ukraine tensions in the global food security system since the two ex-Soviet countries are among the top five key players in the global food and grain market, crucial to feeding populations from Europe, Africa and up to Asia.
A threat of war between the two countries could cause cargo delays, supply disruptions or cuts in supplies which will lead to higher grain and food prices around the world.
Grains have become an essential part of the human diet and health for the last 10,000 years as they are used for several purposes such as generating flour for the bakery industry and for use as feed for livestock, especially for pigs, cows, and poultries.
Top grain exporters:
Both countries are responsible for 30% of global grain exports, with Russia being the world's largest wheat exporter and Ukraine being the world's third supplier of grains and vegetables, mostly exporting from their vulnerable-to-war- Black Sea ports.
Russia and Ukraine have been known as Europe’s “breadbaskets” and “vegetable gardens” since they have a lot of agricultural production due to the extensive amount of agricultural land present there, and the ideal terroir and climate.
Ukraine, which has some of the most fertile lands on the planet, grows more than 26 million tonnes of wheat in a year and exports 18 million (mainly on Turkey and Arab countries), with most yields being contributed by the central and south-central regions of the country (exactly those parts most vulnerable to a potential Russian attack) where soil conditions, the temperatures, and the climate are favourable for the growth of wheat.
The world has seen headlines for the Ukraine-Russia border tensions since the end of October 2021, driving up by as much as 30% the prices of grains such as wheat and corn on concerns for possible disruptions in the supply grain chain in case of military aggression or the introduction of economic sanctions against Russia and its access to trade.
Wheat future contract, Weekly chart
Corn future contract, Weekly chart
“Force majeure” event:
The largest Ukrainian Black Sea ports such as Pivdennyi, Odesa, Mykolaiv, and Chornomorsk on the one side and the larger Russian Black Sea port of Novorossiysk in the Krasnodar region on the other side, could be some of the priority infrastructure targets in case of conflict.
Grain exporters that are using the ports in the Black Sea might declare a “force majeure” event in case of a war, meaning that they will not be able for fulfilling contractual obligations, having the right to terminate the contract or at least to delay the time for the delivery.
Following the declaration of a “force majeure” event, it means that some of the world’s largest grain importers such as China, Egypt, Spain, Turkey, Middle East countries, and the EU will have to search for alternative sources, importing grains from other top exporters such as Australia, U.S, and Argentina.
However, in such a scenario, buying grains from such a long distance will increase the initial import cost in terms of freight due to longer voyage times, rolling the higher costs to the final buyer, and adding further pressure to the food inflation rates.
Important Information: This communication is marketing material. The views and opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) on this page, and may not necessarily represent views expressed or reflected in other Exclusive Capital communications, strategies or funds. This material is intended to be for information purposes only and is not intended as promotional material in any respect. The material is not intended as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any financial instrument.


Slide 2 of 39
Seaman Knapp, extension pioneer
Tama Jim Wilson, research pioneer
In Washington DC, there are two USDA buildings with facing archways named after Seaman Knapp, ag dean, 1879-1885, who established extension system. Other arch named for James "Tama Jim" Wilson, ag dean, 1898-1902. U.S. ag secretary 16 years. Established nation's experiment stations.
We build on long legacy of shaping agriculture in Iowa and around nation.


Ag Market View Aug 27th
Soybean futures ended lower. SX ended near 13.23. Range was 13.07 to 13.25. SMZ ended near 352.4. BOZ ended higher and near 60.34 with a range 58.41 to 60.65. For the month soybean futures were down 36 cents and soyoil was down 4 cents per pound. Weekly US soybean Inspections were near 2,163 mil bu. Weekly export sales shipments were near 2,203. USDA export goal is 2,260. Some could see USDA increase US 20/21 carryout 20-30 mil bu from 160. Some feel that recent north US Midwest rains could increase final US 2021 crop from USDA August guess of 4,339. This could add to US 21/22 carryout of 155. Key will be USDA Sep 10 crop estimate and Sep 30 estimate of Sep 1 US soybean stocks. Demand bulls still look for a post US harvest bounce in soybean futures. Tech watchers are looking for lower prices.
Corn futures ended higher and near session high. CZ ended near 5.53 with a range of 5.44 to 5.54. Talk of sharply higher US domestic corn basis and lack of Sep corn deliveries helped support the rally. Corn futures continue in a range. Lack of farmer selling offers support. There is a large debate over the final US corn yield and crop size. Some feel recent heat and dryness could take the top off final yields. Some feel final yield could be closer to 173 vs USDA August est of 174.6 and Pro Farmer est of 177. There is also talk that US farmer crop insurance data suggest final planted acres could be up 1.0-1.5 million acres. There is also concern that US new crop corn exports sales pace is slow and contrary to forecast of higher exports due to lower Brazil supply. US 20/21 corn exports are est near 2,775 mil bu versus 1,777 last year. USDA est 21/22 corn exports near 2,400. Most analyst could see exports closer to 2,750. USDA Sep 10 crop estimate and Sep 30 est of US Sep 1 stocks could be key to prices. Corn prices tended to bounce after US Fed Chairman was not yet ready to taper or increase US interest rates. US Dollar dropped on the news. Crop analyst est Brazil 2022 corn acres to increase 5-6 pct and est the crop near 116-118 mmt vs 87 this year. Some even feel this year crop could be as low as 72.
Wheat futures ended mixed. WZ ended down 6 cents and near 7.32 with a range 7.31-7.45. KWZ ended down 5 cents and near 7.23 with a range of 7.21 to 7.35. Some liquidation before first notice and option expiration offered resistance. Some feel talk that domestic wheat buyers have only 50 pct coverage OND needs. This could support KWZ near 7.00. There was talk that domestic corn prices across US south plains are lower than wheat which could reduce future wheat feeding. There is also talk that recent
rally in French wheat export prices suggest US SRW export prices is a discount to French low protein prices. US all wheat export commit is near 335 mil bu vs 431 last year. USDA goal is 875 vs 992 last year. USDA latest est of US 21/22 wheat carryout is 627 mil bu vs 844 last year. USDA dropped World wheat 21/22 end stocks to 279 mmt vs291 est in July and 289 last year. Major exporters end stocks are now est near 32 mmt vs 39 est in July and 33 last year.
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Futures and options trading involve significant risk of loss and may not be suitable for everyone. Therefore, carefully consider whether such trading is suitable for you in light of your financial condition. The information and comments contained herein is provided by ADMIS and in no way should be construed to be information provided by ADM. The author of this report did not have a financial interest in any of the contracts discussed in this report at the time the report was prepared. The information provided is designed to assist in your analysis and evaluation of the futures and options markets. However, any decisions you may make to buy, sell or hold a futures or options position on such research are entirely your own and not in any way deemed to be endorsed by or attributed to ADMIS. Copyright ADM Investor Services, Inc.


STIHL HSA26 Cordless garden shears for shrubs and grass - body only
Cordless shears with shrub and grass trimmer attachments. Shrub trimmer with optimised STIHL cutter geometry for an optimum cutting experience when trimming and maintaining small evergreen hedges and small-leafed ornamental trees up to 8mm branch thickness. Grass trimmer attachment for edging around smaller lawns, patios and fl ower beds. Comfortable, rubberised handle, rapid, tool-free blade change, and battery charge-level indicator so you can keep an eye on the remaining battery capacity at all times.
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STIHL FSA45 Grass trimmer - Handy cordless grass trimmer with PolyCut 2-2 cutting head and integrated battery


Organa-Add functions as a growth and bloom catalyst containing all necessary organic activators. Adding the product to your regimen will increase the production of essential oils improving overall quality while maximizing your yield. A balanced formula of vitamins, amino acids, carbohydrates, proteins and organic chelates. Organa-Add should be used for the duration of your crop's cycle to ensure explosive growth.
To increase absorption rates of amino acids, this completely solubilized liquid can also be foliar sprayed.
Organa-Add is super concentrated at 1 teaspoon for 5 gallons.
— Ships separately from HF: OR, CA, CO, PA, TX, FL USA.
|Specifications for Organa Add 2-0-0 5 Gal hf-EH4030:|
| ||EACH Packaged ||CASE ||PALLET|
|UPC: ||638104014571 || || |
|Volume: ||1.45 || || |
|Dimensional Weight: ||15.06 || || |
|Weight (lbs): ||48.06 || || |
|Approx Length (inches): ||12.5 || || |
|Approx Width (inches): ||12.5 || || |
|Approx Height (inches): ||16 || || |
For more information, please visit the manufacturer Higrocorp's website.


Video Tutorials from You Tube
We had hoped to have been able to find some useful videos on You Tube that would offer advice and guidance in the growing and preparation of produce for entering and exhibiting at this year’s Sandy Show on 20th August 2016. Sadly, those we found are perhaps a little over complicated for a general audience and so we hope that the following links to where you can find good advice, will prove useful. Please read on:
- Allotments and Gardening – Growing for Showing
- National Vegetable Society
- The National Dahlia Society – Cultivation of Dahlias – includes advice on Showing
We will be posting more links as we find them, so please check back from time to time.


SYDNEY, Aug 20 (Reuters) - U.S. soybean futures edged higher on Thursday, hovering around a near seven-month high hit in the previous session, on concerns that adverse weather would reduce yields.
* The most active soybean futures on the Chicago Board Of Trade were up 0.1% at $9.15 a bushel by 0112 GMT, having closed little changed on Wednesday after earlier hitting a Jan. 22 high of $9.19-1/2 a bushel.
* The most active corn futures were up 0.2% at $3.39-1/4 a bushel, after closing down 0.6% in the previous session.
* The most active wheat futures were down 0.1% at $5.21-1/2 a bushel, after ending up 0.9% on Wednesday.
* Exporters reported selling 192,000 tonnes of U.S. soybeans for delivery to China during the 2020/2021 marketing year, the U.S. Department of Agriculture said on Wednesday, after the White House chief of staff said there were no new trade talks scheduled with China.
* Crop tour scouts observed strong corn yield prospects in Ohio and South Dakota and above-average crop potential in Nebraska and Indiana, shifting attention back to the potential for a bumper crop.
* Storm damage in top corn-growing state Iowa last week threatened harvest prospects.
* The dollar clung to overnight gains on Thursday, after minutes from last month’s U.S. Federal Reserve meeting gave few clues about whether an even more dovish shift in its policy framework is possible in the autumn, disappointing some dollar bears.
* Oil prices dropped after U.S. crude inventories dropped less than expected and major producers warned of a risk to the recovery in demand if the coronavirus crisis is prolonged.
* Asian equities were set to follow Wall Street’s late session retreat, after the Federal Reserve warned the U.S. economy faced a highly uncertain path to recovery from the coronavirus-induced downturn. (Reporting by Colin Packham; Editing by Rashmi Aich)
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.


Last Sunday I visited Midmar Allotments and spent a gloriously sunny afternoon at their Open Day.
The award-winning allotments looked great and it was clear that a lot of time and energy had gone into making the site look its best.
Their annual event gives allotment holders and cultivators the opportunity to showcase their plots, as well as offering home-grown produce, baking and preserves for sale. I sampled some delicious cakes and left with a selection of vegetables grown a matter of metres from where I stood.
Midmar Allotments really is a great credit to the local community, and I was delighted to hear that the event raised over £700 which will allow them to keep offering this great opportunity to the people of South Edinburgh.
If you’d like more information on the Midmar Allotments Association, visit their website by clicking here.


This product is currently not available for delivery. Please try our Pickup option instead.
Bad Spot Eraser (TifTuf Bermuda)
- 200 square feet (20 rolls) of sod - that's the size of a parking space
- TifTuf Bermuda
- 5 Mini Cubes of Soil³ to improve your dirt
- Local delivery included


The KISSS Plow is designed specifically for the installation of KISSS Flat and KISSS Wrap. The plow first slices the turf and then lays the KISSS material into the ground at the depth called for by the site’s design. Our plow for turf usually accommodates 2 to 3 chucks at a time. The KISSS Plow is therefore capable of installing KISSS materials very quickly and accurately with minimal disturbance to the surface.
These ploughs can be hired on a daily basis.


USA email@example.com METER Food: +1.509.332.5601 METER Environment: +1. 509.332.5600
EUROPE firstname.lastname@example.org METER Food: +49 89 12 66 52 36 METER Environment: +49 89 12 66 52 0
Learn how to clean and verify the WP4C.
Ease of use isn’t something you normally associate with water potential device measurement. Until now.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity is a pain to measure in the field. That’s why we automated almost everything in the new SATURO.
Direct phone: +1.509.332.5984 Support: email@example.com Sales: firstname.lastname@example.org
Date April 21, 2020 Time 9:00 – 10:00 am PDT Speaker Dr. Colin Campbell
Soil moisture data analysis is often straightforward, but it can leave you scratching your head with more questions than answers.
Join Dr. Colin Campbell as he interprets problematic and surprising soil moisture data and discusses what to expect in different soil, environmental, and site situations.


Australian Table Grape Association Inc.
33 Madden Ave, Mildura
Talk to us
(03) 5021 5718
Connect with us
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Alison MacGregor is a well-respected consultant and research scientist, with more than 30 years’ experience in viticulture and horticulture.


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Tasty and sweet variety of colourful red cabbage, with dense, soild, crunchy hearts. Try them raw or cooked or even grow for pickling. Ideal for storing over winter. Height: 40cm (16). Spread: 60cm (24). More InfoBuy Now
2 Options From£0.00
Cabbage ?Lodero? is the first clubroot resistant variety of Red Cabbage. Tight, rounded heads of purple-red leaves are produced with good uniformity. This superb maincrop can be harvested from late autumn as the heads mature, and will store well after cutting. More InfoOut of Stock
…F1 - Excellent standing ability, good vigour and a wonderful flavour.* Cabbage ?Kilaton? F1 - 2kg, autumn ballheads with a solid, dense structure.* Cabbage ?Lodero? F1 - The first red club root resistant cabbage.* Cabbage ?Savoy Cordesa? F1 -… More InfoOut of Stock
© 2018 Van Meuwen. All rights reserved. A division of BVG Group Ltd.


Black Sea corn reaps the rewards of US, South America export woes
Asian feed importers have returned to the market to restock corn volumes, with South Korean buyers securing a total of 539,000...
Asian feed importers have returned to the market to restock corn volumes, with South Korean buyers securing a total of 539,000 mt of corn, while Vietnamese importers booked around 100,000 mt in recent days as end users in the two major importers look to lock up outstanding 2021 supply.
But, with South American exporters approaching the end of their export season and US exporters facing challenges at both main export hubs - the US Gulf and the Pacific Northwest - Ukraine and the Black Sea could be in line to capitalise.
Both Asian countries have secured corn cargoes for execution in October-November and delivery into destination ports in December.
Cargoes were traded with an optional origin, meaning the sellers have an option of sourcing the goods from the most competitive country of origin, but the uncertainty around supply from the US, Argentina and Brazil means corn is very likely to be sourced from Ukraine.
“As the sellers originate from all important origins, so [they] will choose the most economical at the time, South Korea is a major destination for Ukraine, so they can load from there,” one trader told Agricensus.
“They’re just buying on an optional (origin basis)... it will be Black Sea execution,” a second trade source, based in Asia, told Agricensus
The Agricensus Export Dashboard shows Ukrainian exporters shipped 1.32 million mt of corn to South Korea in the 2020 calendar year, but to date only 52,118 mt has made the journey in 2021.
According to the market sources, offers for a panamax of Ukrainian corn cargoes were heard at $266/mt FOB for loading in October, compared to levels closer to $270/mt for Brazil FOB Santos loading, or $273.50/mt for FOB US Gulf, according to Agricensus data.
South Korean importers booked corn at the average price of $328.84/mt CFR, while no specific price levels were available for Vietnamese buying.


A Sunflower Processor’s Sunny Disposition
South Dakota Sunflower Processor Eager to See China through His Own Eyes
This is the first in a series spotlighting four of the eleven companies who will be traveling with Gov. Dennis Daugaard on his third trade mission to China this week.
FOR RELEASE: Monday, May 5, 2014
Danny Dale has heard theories about why the Chinese market is interested in sunflower seeds produced in South Dakota, but now he’s getting the chance to see firsthand if it’s true.
Dale’s company, Advanced Sunflower of Huron, was chosen as one of eleven entities selected to join Gov. Dennis Daugaard on his third trade mission to China. The group leaves this Friday, May 9, and will return to the states a week later. According to Dale, one of the main reasons he’s eager to travel to China is the opportunity to see the country through his own eyes.
“I’ve heard theories from others who have traveled to China before, but the chance to physically see China and the people and how things operate over there is an invaluable opportunity for our company,” Dale said.
Originally from Minnesota, Dale moved to South Dakota in 2009 to pursue his passion for processing sunflower seeds. Between the more friendly business climate, conservative, hard-working people and lack of state income tax, the decision to move was clear. In Dale’s opinion, South Dakota producers can and consistently do produce the best quality sunflower in the U.S. In March 2011, Dale partnered with Wayne Lindberg of Sunbird Inc., and Advanced Sunflower was born.
Advanced Sunflower currently exports product to China and Dale says he is eager to continue and grow the business in the Chinese market. Besides being a healthy, non-GMO snack item, the sunflower seed is relatively inexpensive. Also, it often replaces other snacks, like nuts—especially, peanuts. Why? Dale says it’s because sunflower seeds cause fewer allergic reactions than peanuts.
But perhaps the sunflower seed’s most unique attribute generating interest from China is the actual consumption of the seeds and the peacefulness of mind it brings to its consumers.
“In the U.S., consumers often eat a handful of seeds at a time and spit out the hull while we eat the kernels. Chinese consumers particularly enjoy eating one seed at a time,” Dale said. “They enjoy cracking open the seed and upon consuming it, they savor it. It gives the consumer a sense of accomplishment when they crack them open one at a time. It’s a cultural thing.”
That’s why when Advanced Sunflower had Chinese purchasers stop by their plant a year ago, Dale knew he had to apply for the Governor’s next trade mission to China.
“We have more than 200 producers in South Dakota who grow four different types of seeds and almost a quarter of those producers will grow the specific type of seed the Chinese market is looking for this year,” said Dale. “They’re ready and wanting to do business with us because we’re now producing the right kind of product.”
Dale says sunflower seeds are becoming as important as any other specialty crop grown in South Dakota. And because year-in and year-out it’s a top cash-crop, that just means more revenue brought into South Dakota and its producers. That’s something, Dale says, we can all benefit from.
For more information on Advanced Sunflower, visit their website at www.advancedsunflower.com.


April Garden Newsletter
Miner's Green Team and the garden program are pleased to present Miner's April garden newsletter.
If you have any questions, please contact Ms. Lawson, Miner's FoodCorps representative, at firstname.lastname@example.org. Don't forget to follow the Miner Elementary Garden on social media - they can be found at instagram.com/minerelementarygarden.
Comments are closed.


Accusations that the country’s fertiliser stocks are being stored at Belview Port, Co Kilkenny, have been quashed by the yard’s owner, Target Fertiliser.
Target sales manager Walter Furlong Jr said claims that the yard was being used as a national stockpile in some sort of scam against farmers were not true.
Following the circulation of a number of videos on social media of large quantities of fertiliser at Belview Port, Furlong told the Irish Farmers Journal: “What’s there now is only 6% of our total sales for an average year.”
The fertiliser company claims to cover 20% of the Irish fertiliser market, meaning the stock equates to 1.2% of the country’s overall demand.
Furlong said the stock will “clear out” over the coming weeks and that the company has “nowhere near as much stock” as previous years.
He said that at Target’s bagging facility in Caim, Enniscorthy, Co Wexford “we’re bagging 60% less than we would have before Christmas 2020”.
He described the major cost increases in shipping as a factor affecting supply.
If farmers want fertiliser, the best way to get it is to go and buy it
“Boats including product and freight are costing between €2.5m and €3m more this year than they did last year.”
“The cost of freight has increased from €25/t to €63/t for ships coming from Spain.”
Furlong said “drawings will be slower” from the Belview Port yard as merchants haven’t got the cashflow to buy stock.
“If farmers want fertiliser, the best way to get it is to go and buy it.
“I think everyone should be buying 30-40% of what they need now.”
Only with this cashflow will merchants and suppliers be able to get stock in, he said.


Greetings fellow GC family! My name is El Deko, first time grower and thread post! I currently purchased a sterlite storage cabinet (About 26x19x36) to start constructing my own grow cabinet. This being my first time and all, i could really use some advice on how to go about setting up my tiny space for the best quality buds and highest yield I can get without having to use up an entire closet, because keeping it discreet is a major factor!!! I will be using a 90w illuminator w/ 2 cfl and would really like to know how many plants you think I could provide a good amount of light for. Also, I am not sure what type of grow medium to use, even after reading countless grow books and sites. So if you could help a brother help himself it would be greatly appreciated!!!


Sep 10, 2019
Leadership announcement by Jacqueline Kirby Wilkins, Interim Director, OSU Extension, on September 4, 2019:
I’m pleased to announce that David Civittolo has agreed to serve as interim assistant director for the Ohio State University Extension Community Development program in the College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences (CFAES) at The Ohio State University. This full-time appointment is effective September 1, 2019, through August 31, 2020, or until a new assistant director is appointed. Details about the search process will be announced soon.


? Fancy a spot of gardening in the New Year? ?
We are hosting a Walled Garden Volunteers Open Day on Thursday 27th January 2022 @ 10am.
Come along and find out how you can help support our Estate Gardens team to learn all about growing produce all whilst assisting us reduce food miles for the estate.
To register your interest go to ? https://www.weston-park.com/event/volunteer-open-day/


Rid your garden of Slugs, snails and many other pests. Bigger healthier apples! Better consistant pollination of veggies and fruit trees. It’s not so difficult when you think in prganic natural terms. Gardening does not have to be an unending battle with nature. Try using nature as your partner instead of treating it as your enemy. It works for me and it can work for you! Join me on the Farm this morning and I will explain my methods and how they can work for you.
My indoor gardening channel: http://www.youtube.com/Voodoogarden
Add me on Google+ to be updated with new episodes AND to snoop on what I say about things in people’s comment sections. It’s all in good fun and YOU are always welcome. 🙂
Today is a Good Day!


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The US government has for the first time signed off on a large-scale experiment involving genetically modified crops, which will lead to biotech big shot Monsanto introducing an engineered corn seed across America from South Dakota to Texas.
The Monsanto Corporation has been given the go-ahead to test out a man-made corn variant that they claim can thrive in dry, unfavorable conditions. With much of the American south and southwest experiencing abnormally arid conditions, the freak-seed could revitalize a chunk of the nation’s agriculture.
More likely, however, is that a success will m
More likely, however, is that a success will mean revitalization in terms of Monsanto’s profits and not much more.
Originally posted by boncho
Isn't it obvious? They used HAARP to make it a barren desert in the south, then Monsanto conveniently comes out with GMO corn that grows in the worst, drought, no water, burning sun conditions.
A little too convenient don't you think!?
Those weather manipulating, GMO feeding rejects, spreading their HAARPies to everyone in the country!
edit on 23-5-2013 by boncho because: (no reason given)
he first time that the US Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has okayed a product that has been genetically engineered to resist a weather condition such as a drought, rather than a pest or herbicide.
Originally posted by Ghost375
With all the droughts lately, this could end up saving the human race!
But let's all berate them with our lack of scientific knowledge!


Kraft Heinz boss Miguel Patricio said that people will have to get used to higher food prices, he told BBC.
Patricio said the international food giant, which produces tomato sauce and baked beans, was putting up prices in several countries.
Unlike in previous years, he said, inflation was “across the board”.
The cost of ingredients such as cereals and oils has pushed global food prices to a 10-year high, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.
Kraft Heinz has increased prices on more than half its products in the US, its home market, and Patricio admitted that is happening elsewhere too.
“We are increasing prices, where necessary, around the world,” he said.
During the pandemic, many countries saw production of raw materials, ranging from crops to vegetable oils, fall. Measures to control the virus, as well as illness, limited output and delivery.
As economies have restarted the supply of these products hasn’t been able to keep up with returning demand, leading to higher prices. Higher wages and energy prices have also added to the burden for manufacturers.


Our company is the Standing Director Member of the Garlic Branch of CFNA, and also the Vice Chairman of Shandong Garlic Association. The annual export volume of garlic is 100,000 tons to more than 100…
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Tags: Open Pollinated
Growing Practices: No Pesticides No Herbicides No Fungicides
Latin Name: Capsicum chinense
Days to Maturity: 120+
7 Pot Wes-(Capsicum chinense)-Last year in 2013 I had some 7 Pot Burgundy growing which are smooth skin. One plant had mean bumpy pods. So I saved the seeds and grew out this year. The plants made bumpy pods again but now were just red and huge. I could not call it a 7 Pot Burgundy anymore. I shared the plants with a few friends. One of them was an expert grower named Wes Lane from Texas. I told him I was not going to grow anymore. He said they were one of the tastiest 7 Pots he had ever had. He said I should grow every year! So I could not call them 7 Pot Burgundy anymore and I decided since Wes loved them I would name them after him. Thats how the 7 Pot Wes got it's name! They have extreme 7 Pot heat with nice fruity flavor and sometimes produce peppers bigger than a 7 Pot Jonah. The 7 Pot Wes Chile plants grow up to 4 feet tall. We do not know how stable this is. As of 2014 this is second year growing.
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Return & Refund Policy
We stand behind our seeds and plants. We give a one page grow sheet with all orders and will even get on the phone to help you grow. If you follow advice we stand by everything. No reasonable requests for replacements will be turned away! Plants are guaranteed 7 Days after receiving. Under certain circumstances we will replace beyond this.
Also if your order gets lost or damaged by our wonderful Postal System we will take care of you!
United States (Zone 10a)
Established in 2004
1.00 acres in production


Onion prices in the retail market are increasing despite a fall in the wholesale prices. The wholesale prices have fallen by nearly Rs 3 in the past couple of days but in the retail market, the prices have increased to Rs 35-40 per kg.
Tomato supplies have suffered following heavy rains in north India while UP traders are now exporting potatoes to Pakistan.
The first 3 months of the new fiscal have seen kitchen costs surging mainly on account of rise in vegetable prices, according to an Assocham study.
Onion was available for Rs 12.75 a kg in the wholesale market in Delhi, but the retail price was Rs 24 — nearly twice the level.
The difference underscores the widening gaps between the prices at which procurement is done from farmers and the price level for consumers, the study said.


There has been a lot going on this week. Too much really. We are getting things done, which is fantastic, but there have also been a few dumb mistakes that come with trying to do too much. Parts of some orders were missed and we are still sorting that out, we forgot to bring bags to market, and also for a second week in a row didn’t bring a watering can for the plants at market. It is all small things, but on a normal week might have more likely been caught before we left home. This week already looks even busier but hopefully we can start to settle into some sort of a routine after that. There are lots of updates to share so I’ll jump right into them.
Dufferin Grove is back in the park this week! We are excited to kick the season off and look forward to the full 2023 market season. This is also our last week at the Montgomery’s Inn Farmer’s Market. We will be sorry to say goodbye to so many long time customers and know we will be missed, but this last was more than enough confirmation of why this change is necessary for our sanity.
Fresh Chicken This Week! The first batch of 2023 is at the processor now and should be available for all three of our markets this week. If you want a fresh chicken we will be bringing some to market, or if you want one (or ten) reserved for you send us an email today so we know not to freeze them.
This week we got the new lambs out on pasture so now all the sheep are on fresh grass. They are happy to see something fresh and green, and we are glad for some relief from how fast they were eating hay in the last few weeks.
Most of why this week was so busy was getting caught up on planting. All the cabbage are now in and the onions as well. And on Friday we even started Potatoes with the first three beds planted. The seeds we planted last week are up as well so before long there will be weeding in the field to keep on top of. But after feeling hopelessly behind on planting a week ago it feels good to be caught up. On a less happy note, we were trying to get wood chips spread for squash on Wednesday and after the first three loads the newly fixed manure spreader decided it didn’t like working and broke again. Nathan took it apart on Thursday and re welded the part that broke, but now something else isn’t working so it is parked waiting for him to have the mental energy to figure out why it doesn’t work now. Never a dull moment.
This is the first week of our summer CSA season. If you intended to sign up but didn’t, you can still sign up and just start next week at a prorated price. We intended to mention something about CSA in last week’s update, but that isn’t how the week went.
This week in CSA we have Asparagus, Carrots, Arugula, Bok Choi, Cabbage, and Green Garlic
It is only the middle of May and we are already getting worried about how dry it is. We have some repairs we need to do on the irrigation system and lots of normal setup work, so if we have any time this week that is what we will be working on. It seems as though this might be the new normal. Just frustrating going from it won’t stop raining to it won’t rain at all in such a short time.
Well that’s about everything for this week.
Until next week,
Nathan and Aleta Klassen


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Hodge 4 furrow reversible disc plough, good discs, tidy machine
Located - Gatton, CALL 0754621266
Excel 12m Precision Planterr- Double Disc Openersr- John Deere Boxesr- Fertilizer Tubesr- 1m Spacingsr- Rigid Barr- Located in GoondiwindirrCall 0746778100 for more information
Norseman 18mtr 12 row precision planter, water injection, CCS controller, diffusers and hydradrive.
Kverneland E Series Reversible Mouldboard Plough, 3 furrow, 120 headstock, 14in furrow, knife coulter on rear furrow, mouldboard extensions, above average condition
Located - Gatton - 0754621266
2010 BOSS PARA-FLEX PLANTER
12 metre, sx25 single disc units,333mm spacing, Hydraulic downforce, Air Kit
Located Moree NSW 2400
02 6752 2277
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Lots of growers are discovering the power of LED grow lights. Their cannabis yields are healthy and larger than ever but their electric bill is lower. How can that be? Let's take a look at the best LED grow lights on the market to show you why.
We've selected lights for all kinds of grow spaces and growers. Below you'll find powerful lights for large grow spaces, lights for small home grows, innovative award winners, supplemental lights, affordable lights for those on a budget and some super-bright Chip On Board (COB) lamps.
In case that's a lot of lights to take in, we've added our Top 10 picks to the table below.
And to help still further, before we get to the reviews, there's plenty of info on how to select an LED grow light and the specs to look out for.
Finally, we show you the basics of how to get started growing some tasty, potent buds with your new light. Enjoy!
Our Top 10 Best LED Grow Lights for 2018
We've highlighted over 20 lights in this epic round up. So, for anyone who wants the short version, here's our selection of the best of the best. Our Top 10 LED grow lights for 2018 at a glance...[table id=6 responsive=scroll /]
If you want to skip straight to the reviews, just click here. Or use the links in the table.
LED lights versus HID lamps
LED (light emitting diode) bulbs use electricity very efficiently compared to HID (high intensity discharge) lamps. LEDs run cooler, don't need ballast, and don't wear out for 50,000 hours of use or longer. That means they cost less to run over time.
Full spectrum LED light panels are a superior choice for growing cannabis because they mimic real sunlight at a fraction of the cost of running HID lamps.
They're the environmentally friendly choice too. Much less energy consumed and made from fewer or no toxic materials.
How much light do you need for your plants?
Here are three of the most important things to keep in mind when choosing the best LED grow light:
- The size of the area you need to cover: A closet, a room, a basement?
- The intensity you need: Are you sprouting seeds, taking care of plants in the vegetation stage, or trying to maximize flowering?
- The strain you're growing: Different strains of cannabis have different light requirements. So before buying a grow lights, check what your chosen strain is going to need.
Lumens are for humans, or how to choose the right intensity and coverage
When you're choosing a grow light, ignore the specs on lumens. Lumen ratings are to measure brightness for human eyes. Pay more attention to specs like PAR and wattage as well as the manufacturer's guidelines on coverage.
PAR stands for photosynthetically active radiation. It's the light's intensity as well as what colors it emits. Broad-spectrum bright light will make your cannabis thrive. PAR measures light emitted in the 400nm to 700nm spectrum. That's from the blue end up through red and into infrared.
The higher the PAR number, the more useful the light is for growing. Some LED grow light manufacturers say their panels put out nearly 100% usable light. None of it is wasted by going to heat instead of light like metal halide or high pressure sodium lamps.
Most manufacturers say something like their light covers 2.5 feet by 3 feet at a height of 18 inches. When you're sprouting seeds, you don't need intense lighting. But when you're flowering, you will. Pay attention to those specs on area covered because you don't want to be 8 weeks into growing and realize your light isn't strong enough to encourage blooming.
A panel that might be bright enough when hung two feet above your soil for sprouting a lot of seeds might not cover enough area when lowered down to 12 to 18 inches height for flowering. Buy your panel based on how many plants you want to bloom unless you're only purchasing just for sprouting.
In summary, look at these specs:
- Area covered
- Wattage -- How much power does the light draw at the wall? What's your electric bill going to be?
Now let's review the best LED grow lights for the money.
Almost all of these lights are available from Amazon. However, for the select few that aren't, we recommend (and have linked to) LED Grow Lights Depot. They offer free shipping (orders over $100), discreet packaging, 100% low price guarantee and hassle-free returns up to 90 days. In short, they're the best dedicated online grow light store we've come across so far.
[Affiliate Disclosure: When you buy from Amazon or LED Grow Lights Depot after clicking a link on this page, we may receive a small commission. However, there is absolutely no extra cost to you, the reader. ]
Best LED Grow Lights on the Market
Advanced LED Lights Diamond Series XML 350 - EDITOR'S CHOICE: Perfect for new growers with small-medium size tents
Advanced LED Lights are one of the best companies selling panels right now, with quality products at reasonable prices, all made in America. They also offer a lifetime limited warranty. The new Diamond Series XMLs are currently their flagship lights.
The XML350's coverage is 4.5 feet by 4.5 feet at an 18-inch height, or core bloom at 4 by 4 feet, perfect for semi-compact grow areas like a closet-sized grow tent with one to six plants. This light panel can take the place of a 600w to 800w HPS/MH light, while only using 330 watts of power.
More importantly, it has a 11+ spectrum that gives your marijuana plants maximum nutritional value all the way from UV to IR. There are two switches on the panel that control the intensity. Run it on "Veg" until you're ready for "Bloom." You won't need supplemental lamps to help you flower with the XML 350, or any of the Advanced LED Series.
The light chips are 10W CREE LEDs combined with Bridgelux blue and white diodes, and the modules are replaceable, so if one fails you can replace it without losing your whole panel. And if you know your LEDs, you'll know that these are top bin LED bulbs from the best manufacturers. LEDs sometimes vary in characteristics even though they are made in the same batch. "Top bin" means that the LEDs are matched in color, voltage, and flux. So Advanced LED only uses bulbs that pass strict quality controls.
The XML 350 performs extremely well in cloning, vegetative and flowering cycle for all indoor growing areas. Not only are the LEDs top quality, but they come with precision 90 degree collimator lenses to give you optimal coverage. Additionally, a light like this removes the need for A/C in most grow spaces due to very low heat output and can use input voltage AC of 85-264V.
At only 18 pounds, the XML 350 is easy to hang in a grow tent or room. The panel itself measures 19.5 inches long by 19.5 inches wide by 3 inches thick. The LEDs should last up to 100,000 hours before burning out, and that's more than 20 years of 12-hour days!
Advanced LED Lights Diamond Series 100
American made, with top quality Bridgelux LED chips, the 100 is the smallest light in Advanced LED's famous Diamond Series. However, even though it's small, it still packs a mighty punch, easily replacing a 250W HPS/MH light while drawing only 90W at the wall. It would be ideal if you need to cover a core bloom area of 3 feet by 2.5 feet. That gives you a little more space to work with up to four plants, depending on the strain. All the lights in this series also have a clone setting. They also all come with a 3-year warranty and hassle-free returns policy.
Advanced LED Lights Diamond Series 400
The Diamond Series 400 is made to flower plants in an area about 2.5 feet by 4 feet, so you can hit the "Bloom" switch for about 5 to 10 plants. The Veg coverage area at 18 inches is 3 feet by 4.5 feet. The 400 replaces a 600-800W HPS/MH light, but draws only 360W.
Advanced LED Lights Diamond Series 800 - for serious growers raising up to 16 plants
The Diamond Series 800 is great for more advanced growers with a larger operation. It can replace a 1000-watt HPS light at full intensity and still only use 700 watts of electricity. Its core coverage for bloom at 18 inches above the plants reaches up to 3.5 by 4.5 feet. The veg coverage is 4.5 by 5.5 feet.
An adult cannabis takes up at least 1 square foot of space in a 3-gallon pot, so the 800 can flower up to 16 at a time. But before you start imagining the amount of buds you're going to harvest, better check with your local laws on how much is legal to grow (or try our interactive map). It's usually a lot less than 16!
California Lightworks SolarSystem 275 Full Cycle LED Grow Light (w/Controller) - "Best Growroom Equipment" Winner at SPANNABIS 2017 (Barcelona)
Spannabis 2017 (Barcelona) award winner for Best Growroom Equipment, this light packs some amazing features into its compact form factor. Prime among them being the fully-programmable spectrum which you can control remotely. Not only that but you can daisy-chain up to 1000 units and control them all with the one remote!
What do we mean by fully-programmable? Well, not only can you simulate and automate day and night, you can also mimic sunrise/sunset, even the seasons. You can set programs that last a day, week or season. Moreover, full customizability allows you to tailor the spectrum and schedule to your chosen strain and transition between night/day and veg/bloom with as little stress to plants as possible.
Other details that set the SolarSystem lights apart:
- High power Top-Bin OSRAM diodes -- one of the top LED manufacturers
- Water and humidity proof design
- UL Listed -- guaranteeing high safety standards
- 5-year warranty
- Made in the USA
As for coverage; the SolarSystem 275 will cover up to 5' x 5' and 3' x 3' during flowering. Drawing just 200W, it will replace a 400W HID light, saving you 50% on electricity.
Want to know more? Check out this extremely in-depth review of the full SolarSystem range of lights.
Kind K5 XL1000 LED Grow Light w/ Rope Ratchets and Protective Eyeglasses - "Best LED Innovation", HIGH TIMES Magazine STASH Awards 2017
Here's another large and powerful lamp for growers with a lot of area to cover. Winner of HIGH TIMES Magazine's "Best LED Innovation" award in 2017, this is an epic light with advanced features that will be best appreciated by experienced growers.
The Kind K5 XL1000 panel replaces either a 1000-watt or 750-watt HPS (high pressure sodium) setup, but it only consumes 650W of electricity. It's powerful enough to cover a 5 by 5-foot area for the veg stage, or 4 by 4-foot area for flowering. That's good enough for 12 to 16 plants.
The Kind K5 offers precision control over both the full 12-band spectrum and the light cycles. It comes with a remote control allows you to digitally tune the color of the light for any plant growth stage. For example, you can add more red during the flowering stage for bigger blooms. This is a lot more advanced than the simple Veg/Bloom switch on some other LED grow lights.
The K5 XL1000 panel also has an integrated timer that allows for eight separate stages of light intensity instead of just a simple on and off. You can program it to imitate a gentle increase of light in the morning, and then a slow decrease of light in the evening just like natural sunshine.
The K5 panel is 3 inches tall and measures 26 inches long by 20 inches wide. It weighs a hefty 36 pounds and includes 320 individual LED bulbs. It has both 3W and 5W LEDs with high intensity light that penetrates all the way through the canopy.
In the box you'll find a pair of Method Seven sunglasses. Use them to protect your eyes from damage while you check on your plants. They put the world back in true color and dim down the brightness to acceptable levels.
And now, time for an important message about safety
Protective eyewear, why wear it? Have you ever looked into the sun for a few seconds and then looked away and saw spots? Ever heard those stories about someone going blind because they looked too long at the sun?
Burned retinas. Cataracts. Blindness.
Please protect your eyes while you use a full spectrum LED grow light. The infrared and UV rays can fry your eyes. It may not happen right away; it may take a few weeks or months or even years to happen. Don't slow cook your eyes, wear glasses or goggles to protect yourself.
That said, here are some top choices in protective eyewear for using with grow lights.
Method Seven Operator LED Grow Room Glasses
Method Seven makes top of the line grow room glasses. They classify them by light type. These are for protection from LED lights. They also have ones for Metal Halide and HPS lamps.
The Method Seven polycarbonate lenses are made by the well-respected Carl Zeiss company. They help your eyes see true color while you test your plants but keep you safe from UV and IR rays.
Mars Hydro LED Grow Room Protective Glasses
These eyeglasses from Mars Hydro come with a smaller price tag than the Method Seven brand but are still rated to protect you from UV rays and glare under LED and MH, and HPS lights. They'll also neutralize pink/purple light to give you a more natural looking view of your plants.
10 Best LED Grow Lights for the Money - Part 2
Now back to our regular programming... more top quality grow lights for marijuana. This time we're focusing on the budget end of the market. Affordable lights that'll give you a lot of bang (and perhaps bhang?) for your buck.
Mars Hydro Mars II 1200 LED Grow Light
Mars Hydro's Mars II 1200 replaces a 600W HPS light at around 1/3 of the running costs. It has a sleek and attractive design with a full spectrum of colored top-bin Epistar LEDs and two switches to select between bloom and veg. Meant to be hung between 12 and 30 inches from the tops of your cannabis, it covers a 4 by 4 foot area for blooming.
In terms of PAR figures, when hung at 18" above the canopy, your plants should be getting 1644 umols (micro-moles) at the center of the footprint and around 726umol towards the edge.
The lights are rated at 50,000 hours and Mars Hydro covers your investment with a 2-year warranty.
Mars Hydro Reflector 48 240W LED Grow Light
Another powerful, efficient Mars Hydro light, but this time at the budget end of their range. Covering a 2' x 2' grow area, this is a full spectrum replacement for a 150W HPS/MH grow light. It gets its intensity and efficiency from a combination of top-bin 5W Epistar LED chips and Mars Hydro's own custom spectrum diffuser technology.
Like the model above, you'll find two switches for controlling growth stage settings. It also comes with the same 2-year warranty and a 50,000-hour lifespan.
G8LED 240 Watt LED Grow Light with Optimal 8-Band plus Infrared and Ultraviolet for up to three plants
The G8LED 240-watt grow light from DormGrow is the smallest member of the award-winning G8LED family. Its 8-band spectrum works well up to the flowering stage. Then the manufacturer suggests supplementing the panel with a 90-watt Red Flower Booster.
This light covers an area measuring 2 by 3 feet. The wavelengths it emits cover the whole range of visible light plus infrared and ultraviolet. If it appears that some of the LEDs aren't working, it could be because these last two types don't put out light you can see with your eyes.
But if this isn't large enough for you, try the one below.
G8LED 450 Watt LED Grow Light
The G8LED 45-watt light covers all 8 bands of the visible light spectrum plus infrared, making it able to cover up to 12 square feet. But again, G8LED suggests adding a 90-watt Red Flower Booster for the bloom stage (see short review below).
Although we prefer all-in one solutions like the Advanced Platinum Series by PlatinumLED, we respect the opinion of experienced growers. And the G8LED panels were given the award of "Best LED Grow Lights" by HIGH TIMES magazine in both 2016 and 2017 (in the latter case for the bloom only version of the G8LED 600W panel).
G8LED has been in business for almost a decade. They offer a 2-year warranty on their lights and have friendly customer service to help you with questions.
G8LED 600 Watt MEGA LED Grow Light - Named "2016 Best LED Grow Light" by HIGH TIMES Magazine
The award-winning G8LED 600-watt grow light covers a maximum area of 18 square feet for the veg stage. Drawing just 380W at the wall, this is an 800-1000W HID equivalent, so you really get a lot of light for your money! Put it in a 4 by 4 foot grow tent to raise up to 16 plants. And don't forget your sunglasses, because this baby puts out UV and IR rays.
VIPARSPECTRA Reflector-Series 300W - READERS' FAVORITE - and top pick for new growers on a budget
VIPARSPECTRA lights are big sellers among our readers. And none more so than this one...
The VIPARSPECTRA 300W would be great in a 2' by 2' or 3' by 3' grow tent. The core coverage area for bloom is 2 by 2 feet when the panel is hung 2 feet above the foliage. Although it's rated for putting out 300W of light, this panel actually consumes only 136-watts and can replace a 250-watt HPS lamp. You won't need any supplemental lights for this panel if you follow the recommendations for how much ground it can cover.
It's one of the lightest weight panels we've reviewed up to this point, coming in at just 5.6 pounds. It comes with its own hanging kit and a 6-foot long power cord. If you want to daisy chain this light or use it with a timer, you can.
People using the VIPARSPECTRA have commented that it's very, very bright. This is probably due to the sixty 5-watt Bridgelux and Epileds chips it uses. They are all mounted so their light shines 90-degress straight down on your plants. Their powerful rays penetrate through thick canopy.
Other positive comments about this light include the fact that it's very quiet although it has internal fans to keep its circuitry cool. Plus, it has a good mix of blue and red LEDs to encourage maximum growth.
VIPARSPECTRA offers a 30-day money-back satisfaction guarantee as well as a 3-year warranty.
VIPARSPECTRA Reflector Series 600W
If you have more plants to raise, try the 300W model's big brother. The VIPARSPECTRA 600W will cover up to 9 3-gallon pots at a time.
VIPARSPECTRA Reflector Series 1200W
Or invest in the even bigger VIPARSPECTRA 1200W for up to 16 mature cannabis plants at a time.[bfa asin="B00UORXUBA"]
Viparspectra PAR450 Dimmable LED Grow Light
Yep, it's another Viparspectra light.
Viparspectra make some great lights if you're on a budget. And it seems you guys agree, because like the Reflector Series these lights are great sellers among our readers too.
The unique feature of the Viparspectra PAR450 is that it's dimmable -- and pretty affordable too. But what's so great about being dimmable? Well, adjusting the brightness for different growth stages is arguably a lot simpler than adjusting the hanging height of the light. Moreover, individual control of the red, white and blue channels allows a lot of customization.
As for the rest of its specs; this is a full spectrum light that can replace a 400W HPS/MH, while only drawing 210W at the wall. It covers a 3' x 2.5' grow area during bloom and 3.5' x 3' max.
Viparspectra offers a 3-year warranty and 30-day satisfaction or return guarantee.
VIPARSPECTRA PAR600 Switchable Grow Light
Big brother to the VIPARSPECTRA PAR450, the PAR600 is an even bigger hit with our readers. From this model, you can expect a max coverage of 4 x 4 feet and core coverage of 3 x 3 feet when hung at 24 inches, for a power draw of just 285W. This one only has switches, though, rather than dimmers.
BloomBoss TrueSun PowerPanel LED Grow Light
The full spectrum BloomBoss PowerPanel only covers a small grow area, 2' x 2' at a distance of 6-18" -- but it draws just 32W to do so! And that's why we've included it here -- it's cool, silent and super efficient.
More of an alternative to fluorescent T5s (96W equivalent), rather than HPS or MH lights, this is best suited for clones and seedlings and also makes a great supplemental light to round out the spectrum and increase your yields.
A 50,000-hour+ lifespan and 5-year warranty with lifetime tech support don't hurt either.
Unit Farm UFO-80 LED Grow Light
Top-end components at an affordable price make Unit Farm's UFO range of lights worth a mention here. Just like the rest of the range, the UFO-80 boasts high-output, highly efficient, ultra-reliable LED chips from top manufacturers Cree and Osram.
In practical terms, that means this full spectrum unit can comfortably cover a 2.4' x 2.9' grow area during flowering, while drawing only around 175W. And provides 1469.2umol of PAR at the center of its footprint. Veg and Flower modes are controllable by two separate switches.
Warranty is 3 years and the LEDs are rated at 50,000 hours.
Chip lights that are really bright
Have you ever heard of COB LEDs? This is a light made up of multiple chips packaged together. The COB LED "bulb" looks small but it can put out a lot more light than regular LEDs taking up the same amount of space.
COB LEDs are probably the wave of the future. They rarely fail because they have fewer soldered joints and they run even cooler than normal LED panels. Their viewing angle is wider than many traditional LEDs (which are 90-degrees) and some don't even need lenses to create this effect.
Amare SolarECLIPSE SE 500 COB Grow Light
You may have heard of some brands that are using COB LEDs now, like Bridgelux's Vero and Cree's CXA to achieve amazing canopy penetration and intensity. Amare is using CREE CXB3070 COBs (the supplemental chips are CREEs too) and earning an increasingly good reputation for their range of SolarECLIPSE grow lights.
What's especially unusual about the SE 500 is, first, the UVB tube running down the middle of it to increase resin production. But also Amare's white light technology, which means you can see your plants about as near to naturally as currently possible (i.e. not tinted various degrees of purple or blurple), and the light's intensity...
Hung at 24", this will cover a 4' x 4' grow area during flowering, with a power consumption of 500W. It has a switch for selecting between Grow and Bloom modes. And with the removable lenses installed Amare claims the SE 500 can surpass natural noon sunlight, emiting 2118umol/sec/m2 hung at 24"!
Optic LED Optic 2 COB Grow Light
The Optic LED Optic 2 grow light is tiny but mighty. Its two 50W CREE chip-on-board arrays , supplemental Bridgelux/Epistar chips and intensifying secondary lenses, focus an impressively rounded spectrum of UV, blue, red, green and IR light onto your plants for maximum growth with minimum power use. While it's rated for 400W, it consumes only just over half that in electricity. It also runs very cool. Those two things will help you keep your pot farm on the down low.
Coverage-wise, it's good for 2' x 3' during flowering and 3' x 4' during vegging. Click on the button above to see the detailed spectrum and PAR charts. We're also impressed by the 5-year warranty and a built-in 6-stage timer, both great additions for a light at this price.
Optic LED Optic 8+ COB Grow Light
Optic LED's Optic 2 is impressive, but its big brother the Optic 8+ is an absolute monster. Thanks to industry leading components throughout, Optic LED reckon you can expect a yield of up to 2.5 pounds from one of these(!), which with a draw of 500W comes in at 2.25 grams per watt. Super efficient. The recommended grow area? 4' x 4' during flowering, with the light hung at 30". Again, just click the link to check out the PAR values.
Other features: 3 independent dimmers (Veg controls 4 COBs, Bloom controls another 4, and Bloom Enhancer controls the supplemental LEDs), and 2 switches (1 for all 8 COBs, the other for the supplementals). No built-in timer for this model... but really, who cares?!
Little lights for little grow spaces
Cirrus Evo LED Grow Bulb (E27)
Let's say you are trying an experiment. You want to grow just one cannabis plant to see how it goes. Instead of investing a couple hundred dollars or more on a nice LED panel, why not try this small grow light from Cirrus LED Systems? It's got red, it's got blue, it will help your little plant grow to harvest time all by itself. Screw it into a light socket or a desk lamp (anything with an E27 fitting), just keep it within 18-inches from the top of your plant. Or use two for even better results. Draws 24 watts at the wall.
G8LED 90 Watt LED Red G8 Flower Booster lamp to help get bigger yields at blooming time
Let's say you want a larger crop but you're already stretching the light from your LED panel to the limit. Many growers supplement with an extra red light or two at the flowering stage. Well, this is the extra lamp we mentioned earlier for some of the LED lights that need it, like the G8LED panels.
In fact, it's also produced by G8LED. Just add one or more of these 90-watters (actual draw 82W) in at flowering time to get more buds and flowers and maximize your yield. Hang it above or below your main light, or angle it, whatever you prefer, so long as it's at least 12" from your plants. Lasts 50,000 hours and comes with a 2-year warranty.
Other goodies for growing
Besides a powerful and reliable LED light, you need other accessories for growing your weed. Here are some of our recommendations to make raising cannabis easier.
AcuRite 00613 Indoor Humidity Monitor
Although you'll be running cool with an LED light, it's still a good idea to keep an eye on the temperature and humidity in your grow tent. This one has a large, easy to read display and runs off one AAA battery.
Mars Hydro Grow Tent 48" x 48" x 80"
Why bother with a grow tent if you've already got an empty closet? Well, a grow tent serves multiple purposes.
- Grow tents keep plants isolated from light when it's time for them to rest (at night)
- Tents keep grow lights from affecting your sleep, too
- They keep conditions like temperatures and humidity inside the tent better controlled
- They also limit odors as well as protect your plants from pests
Quick and easy to assemble, this tent from Mars Hydro is good for a beginning grower. And it works especially well in combination one of Mars Hydro's own LED grow lights (see above), the reflective lining having been selected for and tested with their own range.
Comes in a number of different sizes.
Humboldt County's Own Starter Pack (Full Size Bottles, NOT Sample Size)
The right nutrients will encourage your weed to grow big and strong with good tasting buds. Humboldt County's Own has a proven track record with their cannabis growing nutrient range. Not only that, but this is also the only starter pack on the market that comes with full size bottles rather than little sampler containers. Buy this and you can be sure you're not going to run out mid-grow.
247Garden 5-Pack 3 Gallon Grow Bags
If you don't plan to move your plants around a lot, these 3-gallon grow bags are an economical way to raise cannabis. Although three gallons sounds like a lot, they measure just 9 inches high and 10 inches across.
They're permeable, so water passes through. Consider resting them on a waterproof base.
Viagrow 3 Gal. Nursery Pots (10-Pack)
Another way to grow weed is in these plastic pots. They stack together when you're in between growing sessions.
Dr.Meter Moisture Sensor Hydrometer for Indoor/Outdoor Use
If you're not sure when it's time to water, this hygrometer will help you know.
General Hydroponics Rapid Rooter Replacement Plugs 50 count
Ready to sprout some seeds? Here are some starter plugs that are packed with nutrients to explode root growth. Just pop the whole thing into the soil in your pots once they start showing leaves.
American Educational Student Germination/Greenhouse Kit
We couldn't resist this educational kit! It comes with tray and peat pellets plus instructions.
What do you actually need to start growing weed?
Although we have a beginner's guide, here is a quick overview. When you decide to grow weed for the first time, consider your goals and your budget. If you're just experimenting, you may not want to invest in a big LED light, a grow tent, and so forth. On the other hand, if you're planning on making a living from growing or at least raising your own crops regularly, it's worth it to spend more right at the start.
Bare bones setup:
- Grow tent, or other prepared space
- Peat pellets or similar for germination
- Lights and timer (plus protective glasses)
- Pots or buckets with drain holes
- Soil and fertilizer (don't put anything on your pot that you wouldn't put on food)
- Measuring instruments for temperature and humidity (recommended but optional)
- Odor control (optional)
- Shears or clippers for harvest time
Buy seeds from a reputable place. There are some growers in the Netherlands that offer a large variety of strains to choose from. Check to be sure they look tiger-striped and aren't black. If you're buying clones, be sure they've been sexed first.
If you're raising from seeds, take some time to learn about sexing plants. With cannabis it's important to be able to tell males from females because females are the ones that produce the right kind of buds for smoking and so forth.
As for a grow tent, it's really nice to have. We mentioned some reasons why above. At the minimum, keep your un-tented grow space protected from weather, from pests, and from temperature swings. Paint the walls bright white if you can so they reflect as much light as possible back onto the plants.
If you keep costs as low as possible, you can probably purchase seeds and all the accessories you need (or repurpose ones you have at home) to raise up to 4 plants for $100 to $200 dollars. But in reality, if you plan to keep growing, invest at least twice that much to start in order to get the best stuff you can to begin.
You won't be nearly as frustrated if you have a reliable light, a sturdy grow tent, and a way to measure conditions like temperature, humidity, and soil moisture.
Check out this time lapse video of cannabis growing to get a feel for how it looks to grow weed.[videoy id="t3oTidqh8Uk"]
Why choose LED lights to grow cannabis?
In summary, LED lights run cooler and use less electricity to get better results (in many cases) than high pressure sodium and metal halide lamps. You don't need extra fans or ballasts. The LEDs themselves last for years before they need replacing even if you run them for 24 hours a day.
Recommendation for choosing the best grow light
When you're shopping for a grow light, whether it's for your first time raising marijuana or an upgrade to a light you already have, you need to decide just two things.
- How much light do you need? As in how many plants are you planning to grow? And are you raising them from seedling to harvest under the same lamp?
- What's your budget? If you're upgrading from an HID setup, the cost of an LED grow light might seem high until you figure in that you'll save money on electricity and cooling and maintenance.
If you're experimenting with only one plant, even a small 100W grow lamp will probably work for you. You can always add a supplemental red lamp with IR for bloom time.
If you have a grow tent big enough for two plants to four plants, you'll need at least 200W. From four plants up to six, take a look at the 300W to 450W range. Anything more than 6 plants and two things happen: one, make sure your local laws allow you to raise this much, and two, consider getting two panels and daisy-chaining them. This is simply connecting them to each other with their power cords so you can control them with the same timer. Some brands will let you do this while others will advise you against it.
A final thing to consider is the strain of cannabis you're growing. Some strains grow larger than others and will need more space. They may have leafier canopies and so they will need a more powerful light to penetrate their foliage.
Signs that your weed is not healthy
Fortunately, LED lights are very unlikely to burn the leaves of your cannabis. The heat from high pressure sodium and metal halide lamps is a danger to plants if you place the light too close to them. But LED panels are cool, and you can touch the bulbs themselves with your bare hand and not even burn yourself.
If you're worried about burning your plants, watch the leaves. If you see yellow or brown spots and the serrated edges curl upward, your plants may be getting too much heat from their lamp.
There are other signs to watch out for as you grow weed. For example, overwatering is a common problem for new growers. It helps to have a hygrometer to tell you if the soil is dry enough. If you've given your plants too much water, you'll see their leaves drooping and curling down toward their stems. If this continues to be a problem, make sure you have good drainage for their pots and try poking some holes (gently) into their soil to aerate them.
If you're using pre-made nutrients to fertilize your weed, watch out that you don't overfeed them. If they get too much, they will develop random spots and their edges may curl downward. If this happens, try watering them with pure water (not tap water) and cut back on nutrients for a while.
Beginning growers may not want to worry about testing their water and soil for pH levels, but having the right amount of alkalinity will help your weed flourish. The ideal is to hit between 6.0 and 7.0. One trick to help you achieve that is to avoid watering with tap water, or else fill a container with tap water and leave it out overnight to help de-chlorinate it. To check your work, use a pH tester kit like this one from General Hydroponics.
Sexing your plants
Sorry guys, male plants are less desirable than females. If you buy seeds from a reputable dealer, they should be for female plants already. But keep an eye out in case someone screwed up. Once your plants have been flowering for about a week to ten days, their gender will become obvious.
The easy way to tell the boys from the girls is this: boys grow, ahem, bananas, and girls grow hairs. Male plants look, well, male. Female plants have white hairs that sprout. Separate out the males before their bananas, or pollen sacs, erupt and pollinate your females. That way the psychoactive elements of your female plants stay pure and powerful.
Recycle and re-veg
If you've grown attached to your plants, you can avoid tossing them out after harvest time. Just leave about a tenth of the plant's stem, branches, leaves, and buds intact. Don't trim everything down to the nub. Pull it out of the soil and trim off brown roots, then transplant the plant into a fresh pot of soil with fertilizer. Go back to watering and leave the lights on for up to 20 hours a day. Within a couple of weeks you should see new growth happening.
Happy growing! Check back soon for more reviews of the best products for raising a bumper crop of weed!


A GARDENERS’ forum will be held at Shiplake Memorial Hall next Friday (March 21) at 7.30pm.
The theme of the evening will be gardening in an environmentally friendly way and getting the best out of your hard work.
The panel will consist of Andrew Hawkins, chairman of Henley Allotments Association, Rachel Siegfried, grower at Little Stoke cut flower specialist Green and Gorgeous, and Robert Sandford, who has a large organic vegetable garden near Knowl Hill. There will also be a chance to win a two-hour consultancy with Ana Mari Bull, a garden designer.
The event has been organised by Shiplake Garden Club and the proceeds will be divided between Macmillan nurses and the memorial hall fund. Tickets cost £8 each and will be available on the door or in advance from Pam Hudgell on 01189 402105 or Hilary Penrose on 01189 402153.


Rice exports fell 17.4% year-on-year in January to US$203 million as global demand shrank.
In volume terms, they declined by 20.9% to 400,000 tons, according to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
Global demand was lower since inventories remained high in many countries, it said.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture said in its January report that the global rice trade is set to fall by 4% this year to 54.4 million tons, the first drop since 2019.
The Thai Rice Exporters Association has lowered the export target for this year from 8 million tons to 7.5 million tons, fearing global crises would affect trade.
Vietnam expects exports to recover by the end of March as the Thai baht continues to gain against the U.S. dollar, making that country’s rice less competitive.
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Kifco Water-Reels, designed and built by skilled craftsmen in the United States, are a portable irrigation option for irrigating crops, sports fields, parks, and more. They are also the way to go for dust management for horse arenas and construction sites as well as getting rid of wastewater. Kifco Water-Reels are easy to use with adjustable speed control to regulate run-time & application depth, and featuring automatic retraction and sprinkler shut-down. Kifco's are a set and go portable irrigation system, allowing you to irrigate acreage in a single unattended pass.
When needed, Booster Pumps provide additional pressure to your Water-Reel to maximize performance. Kifco offers a 1Hp Stand Alone Booster (pump only) as well as reel-mounted gasoline booster pumps. Kifco's standard engine driven reel-mounted booster pumps feature heavy-duty Franklin Electric centrifugal pumps close coupled to Honda, Kohler Kubota or Briggs & Stratton engines for compact, high performance, that mount directly to your Water-Reel. Engine driven booster pumps are equipped with electronic ignition, low flow shut-off, high temp blow off valve, fuel & air filters, muffler, choke and throttle to protect your investment and for safe operation.
O. A. Newton carries different models/sizes for different irrigation applications and are all equally easy to use. If you are interested in a reel for 2.8 to 11.6 acres, ask about our Ag-Rain models. For smaller projects (under 3.2 acres) you will want to look at the B-Series reels. Whether you are looking to irrigate your crops, water your athletic field or garden, suppress dust and condition the soil in your area, dispose of slurry waste, or simply beautify your commercial or residential property, we have an effective, affordable solution to meet your needs.
Sports Field Irrigation
Agriculture and Farming
Turf and Landscape
Industrial & Commerical


Grazing fees for cattle and sheep on state-owned land in Idaho could rise about 50%.
The Idaho Department of Lands on Tuesday presented a draft proposal to Republican Gov. Brad Little and four other members of the Idaho Land Board that would be the first change in the grazing rate calculation since 1993.
Land Board members are required by the Idaho Constitution to maximize profit from state lands over the long term, mainly to benefit public schools. But the state currently only charges about a third of what private landowners charge. State officials are taking public comments through Sept. 3. The board could vote on the proposal later this year.


Events Search and Views Navigation
Innovation in the agricultural and forest sector is one of the main objectives of rural development policies. Tuscany Region has
decided to make it the main focus of its Rural Development Program annual event (RDP - European Agricultural Fund for Rural
With a strong focus on linking the regional and European dimensions, the Rural Development Innovation Week offers a unique
opportunity to share knowledge on existing initiatives that support and promote innovative projects and solutions focused on
agriculture and forestry.


CME: Commodities' Sell-Off Impacts Corn Futures13 May 2011
US - Grain futures were sharply lower on Wednesday (11 May), in part due to USDA corn production estimates that were higher than private analysts had expected, write Steve Meyer and Len Steiner.
In the authors' view, however, the broad sell-off in commodities had a much bigger impact on corn futures on 11 May. Considering overnight trading, crude oil prices are now almost $20/barrel lower than they were at the beginning of the month, copper prices are back to where they were in December and the US dollar has firmed up as investors dump riskier assets and park their money in US bonds.
In the current market, volatility is par for the course and it is important to continue to focus on fundamentals, i.e. measures of supply/demand that anchor price expectations. For livestock producers, packers and end users, the outlook for corn prices is of paramount importance since it will remain a critical driver of livestock and meat prices in the coming years. What did the much anticipated USDA Supply/Demand reveal in this regard?
USDA currently expects corn ending stocks for 2010/11 to be about 55 million bushels higher than the previous estimate. The increase reflected lower export estimates and USDA analysts did not change either ethanol or feed use. The 1 March stocks report showed much higher rates of feed utilization than USDA expected and there is plenty of uncertainty about what the 1 June stocks report will show. Consider that the USDA corn feed use estimate for 2010-11 is just 10 million bushels (0.2 per cent) higher than in 2009-10. However, red meat and poultry estimates for the same period reflect much higher production levels.
Based on the WASDE actual and estimated production numbers, we calculate that for the period September 2009 to August 2010, total US red meat and poultry production was 90.8 billion pounds. This compares to 93.4 billion pounds that is expected to be produced during September 2010 to August 2011. These numbers are approximate since the USDA forecasts are quarterly but they broadly reflect the expectation that overall red meat and poultry production in September 2010 to August 2011 period will be about 2.8 per cent higher than the previous year while at the same time using about the same amount of corn feed. The use of other feeds, primarily DDGSs likely has replaced some corn in livestock and poultry diets.
Work done at Iowa State indicates DDGs will replace about 50 million bushels of corn compared to 2009-10. That kind of displacement does not explain all of the expected rise in meat production. USDA argues more wheat will be used for feed in June to August. However, SRW wheat prices are currently about 78 cents over corn prices, which makes it quite a bit more expensive to use as feed now than was the case in April. While supplies of SRW wheat are much higher than a year ago, prices remain firm given tight supplies of other wheat and high prices in international markets. As for 2011-12 the above table outlines the initial USDA estimates, based mostly on trend data for yields. Note that USDA expects feed use to continue to decline while exports are expected to drop sharply. They are both possible but will require a) higher prices to ration out demand; and b) increased supplies, including wheat, in the global market. Last fall, we started the season with 1.7 billion bushels of corn while this year we will start with 730 million bushels. There is no margin for error and, as a result, the market will remain on edge and prices will likely stay high.
ThePoultrySite News Desk


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Missed the live Ask the Expert event?
Catch up on the conversation about enhanced efficiency fertilizers with the experts at Koch Turf & Ornamental in the Fertilizer Application forum .
Discussion in 'Trucks and Trailers' started by SGLawn Care, Jun 24, 2003.
Just a few pics.Only been in business almost 3 months now.
Here they are.
Last one for now.
Looks good! How do you like your vac unit? Looks like a Giant Vac maybe??


Skymet rubbishes IMD forecast: India will have good monsoon
Skymet Rubbishes IMD Forecast: India Will Have Good Monsoon. Rejecting projections for a drought by India’s meteorological office, the country’s only private weather forecaster Skymet said there will be a good monsoon season this year as the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomenon counters an El Nino weather event.
New Delhi: Rejecting projections for a drought by India’s meteorological office, the country’s only private weather forecaster Skymet said there will be a good monsoon season this year as the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomenon counters an El Nino weather event. The outlook by Skymet should help allay concerns of farmers who have already been hit hard by unseasonal rains earlier this year and have been on edge ever since the government forecast what could be India’s first drought in six years.
Skymet, which says its predictions have been correct for the past three years, forecast rains at 102 per cent of the long-term average over the June-September monsoon season, versus Indian Meteorological Department’s 88 per cent.“The El Nino threat remains, we do not deny that,” Skymet’s chief meteorologist, G.P. Sharma, said. “But the positive IOD effect could bail us out.”
Partly due to the emergence of an El Nino, or the rise of sea-surface temperatures in the Pacific that lead to dry weather in Asia, India’s monsoon rains this year arrived five days later than expected on Friday.
Mr Sharma is, however, hopeful that a “positive IOD” this year will slightly offset the impact of an El Nino. The IOD phenomenon is characterised by higher sea-surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean. A positive IOD creates a barrier in the eastern Indian Ocean and all the southwesterly winds blow towards the Indian sub-continent, causing rains there but leading to droughts in parts of Indonesia and Australia, according to Skymet.
Providing some more relief to farmers, the government on Friday announced it will offer subsidy on diesel, power and seeds to farmers in case of deficient monsoon affecting crops.
Agriculture minister Radha Mohan Singh on Friday held a meeting with senior officials of IMD. Officials from power, water resource, rural development, food and fertiliser ministries, among others were also present in the meet. “We will offer subsidy on diesel, power and seeds to farmers like last year to deal with drought-like-situation,” Mr Singh said. The minister said the government is fully prepared to face drought-like situation.


650 Watt Patent Pending Full Spectrum LED Grow Light made in the USA. Replaces 1000W-1200W Dual-Ended Bulbs.
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This outdoor market has been around for over 165 years in the downtown area and features farm fresh fruits and vegetables, baked goods, jams and jellies, fresh cut flowers and plants and much more. The markets is open Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday from early May through late October.
5th Street and Columbia Street
Tues. and Sat. 7:30am-12:30pm, Thurs. 4pm-7pm,
This info may change due to circumstances,
please verify details before venturing out.
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Des Moines Register – Steve Forbes will headline ag tech investor event in Des Moines
Steve Forbes, editor-in-chief of Forbes magazine, will headline Prairie Crest Capital’s Annual Ag Tech Investor Conference on Nov. 9 in Des Moines.
Forbes, who has twice run for the Republican nomination for president, is chairman and editor-in-chief of one of the nation’s best known business magazine and has authored several books.
“The time is now to convene the best thought leaders of the agricultural and investment community across the nation and share the opportunities we have to facilitate agricultural and technology investment,” Barry Adams, managing partner of Prairie Crest Capital, said in a news release. “We are honored and humbled to have Steve Forbes join us for this conversation and offer his view of the current investment climate.”
Iowa Gov. Kim Reynolds will also present at the conference, which is set for Hy-Vee Hall at the Iowa Events Center.
For more information about the conference, visit prairiecrestcapital.com.


The Kindergartners have begun a new science unit called, "From Seed to Plant." The first step was to work with a partner and sort a pile of "seeds" into seeds and non-seeds (see photo). Some are a bit tricky (hint: zinnia seeds!). The other tricky part was working with a partner to do this sorting, a skill that can be challenging in K. (And beyond!) Next, we'll be planting in an indoor garden to see what sprouts and what doesn't!


I'd Love to Hear From You!
You are welcome to contact me with vegetable gardening or composting questions, feedback or requests.
I'll get back to you as soon as possible after planting, weeding, watering, harvesting, feeding the ducks, changing their pool, deadheading the flowers, turning the compost, and sweeping the garden (and duck pen) back out of my kitchen.
Phew! I'm just teasing... I really would love to hear from you!
Help share the skills and spread the joy
of organic, nutrient-dense vegetable gardening, and please...
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Thank you... and have fun in your garden!
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The May edition of Perth NRM's newsletter has been published.
Since our previous newsletter, we have had new staff start and farewelled others; cleaned up Rockingham beaches; assisted citizen scientists to install wildlife habitat structures in their gardens and welcomed a renowned horticultural geneticist to Perth. There are even more updates and events from our Coastal + Marine, Environment, and Sustainable Agriculture programs included in this newsletter too.
You can read the newsletter here: May 2023 Perth NRM E-News
Click here to: subscribe to our newsletter


- by entering your model number.
- 25-Gallon heavy-duty, translucent, chemical resistant tank with a 5-Inch wide tank opening for easy filling and mixing
- Compatible with common fertilizers, weed killers and pesticides
- High performing 12-Volt diaphragm pump and dual filtration system. Manifold with pressure gauge
- Dripless shut off with comfort grip lock on/off feature, brass wand and nozzle and chemical resistant seals
- Includes 15-ft. Ratchet straps for mounting to your standard ATV, UTV or lawn tractor
This fits your .


Paula Hutchinson (@pdhutch)
Click the to learn about soil, then return to .
draw and write to tell about something you learned about soil. What are some things you might find in soil?
Students will edit this template:


The March 2023 edition of the AMIS
Market Monitor underscores the uncertainty hanging over agricultural markets as
the war in Ukraine continues.
“With no end in sight to the war in Ukraine and threats of further escalation, uncertainty continues to hang over agricultural markets. Supplies are tight. Reduced plantings in Ukraine mean that other countries will need to produce additional grains and oilseeds to help rebuild global stocks and moderate price levels,” the report said.
Although fortunate weather and a strong producer supply response has kept grain market prices from returning to early 2022 levels, tight supplies will mean greater price volatility, especially during unpredictable periods such as cropping cycles in the northern hemisphere.
“After experiencing sharp increases in the early months of the conflict, grain and soybean prices have returned to pre-war levels by the end of 2022. However, prices remain elevated and within the upper range of historical levels, as the market currently prices in a restrained flow of exports from the Black Sea, and for the next season a drastically cut grain harvest from Ukraine given the acute adversity of the production environment for next season.” AMIS noted. “While price volatility has gotten back to 10-year average levels, possible outbursts of grain price variance still need to be monitored closely as markets remain highly sensitive to weather-related and geopolitical developments,”
The war has caused significant damage to the infrastructure and logistics capacities in Ukraine, including inland transportation networks, seaports, as well as storage and processing facilities. As a consequence, these damages have significantly lowered Ukraine's exporting capacity and raised the cost of trading grain. While significant efforts have been made to compensate for some of these disruptions, solutions are frequently insufficient or only provide temporary relief. The distribution of sleeve bags, for example, has increased the country's storage capacities, which nevertheless remain inadequate. Apart from higher storage costs, sleeve bags might also lower the quality of the stored grain. Insufficient storage space also imposed economic pressures on farmers, which forced them to sell at a loss and might reduce future plantings.
The conflict has also impacted maritime trade logistics, disrupting the operations of key seaports in the global grain trade. To mitigate these challenges, the Black Sea Grain Initiative and other international programmes have been instrumental, including the promotion of alternative transportation methods, such as train and river freight through the so-called Solidarity Lanes. “However, these efforts have yet to restore the pre-war export pace and continue to be costly. In the case of the Black Sea Grain Initiative, the reduced scope in terms of port and route coverage remain limiting factors; in addition, cargo inspection times are being impacted by delays due to a reported lack of cooperation from Russian authorities.” the report said. “Shipping from Ukraine is also being impacted by high insurance costs as some reinsurers have excluded the Black Sea from coverage and banks are hesitant in financing deals from the Black Sea due to the high risks involved and fear of potential sanctions.”
As regards the near-term outlook of global grain markets, early indications point to a strong wheat output this year, which could reach the second largest on record following the all-time high in 2022. Though total production is seen retreating, following four consecutive years of growth, world prospects are buoyed by expectations of area increases in several leading producers in 2023, amid the still attractive prices.


Nothing looks more like a yellow patch on the lawn than another yellow patch on the lawn! However, the causes can be multiple and so can the solution. In order to act properly to solve the problem and regain a healthy lawn, it is essential to first identify the cause of the problem. There is nothing like a good diagnosis to apply the right corrective measures and quickly restore the lawn’s vitality.
Pinpoint the issue
No one likes to see their lawn turn from green to yellow, either entirely or only in patches. Insects, diseases, drought, fertilization problems… The causes are numerous and the damage caused by one or the other can be very similar. Therefore, it is important to understand the origin of the problem in order to remedy it in the best way. Your Nutrite Expert is the right person to help you see things more clearly. Contact him immediately if you see a change in the condition of your lawn.
A diagnostic tool to help you
The Nutrite Expert Network has created a diagnostic tool to help you identify the cause of your lawn problem. Whether it’s yellow patches, increased insect pests, an overgrowth of unwanted grasses in your lawn, suspected disease or simply a sudden change in your lawn’s appearance, the diagnostic tool can help you identify the source and quickly put solutions in place before your lawn suffers too much. Some problems are more significant or serious than others, so the sooner you act, the better your chances of recovering your lawn.
What can cause damage to my grass?
Chinch bugs, sod webworms, marsh crane flies and, of course, grubs are all insects that can damage your lawn. If it’s not them directly, it’s small animals – skunks, raccoons or field mice – and birds that plow through your yard for food. Identify the pest so you know what to do to get rid of it, and more importantly, to prevent it from coming back later in the season or next year. Always make sure to repair damaged patches of grass by following these simple steps.
In addition to insects, some diseases can affect the condition of your lawn. These include dollar spot, red or pink filaments and helminth spot. Learn how to tell them apart with the diagnostic tool. Knowing what you’re dealing with makes it easier to do the right thing.
Weather can also bring its own set of problems to your lawn: frost patches, damage from prolonged drought, too little water or too much water. If your lawn seems to be in bad shape, there’s clearly a trigger – you need to find it!
Even if they don’t cause problems for your lawn directly, weeds may indicate other underlying issues that need attention. Wild strawberry, dandelion, crabgrass, oxalis and other broadleaf weeds often take hold and colonize sparse lawns and poor soil. We can’t say it enough: a healthy, dense and vigorous lawn is your best ally in limiting the proliferation of undesirable weeds: don’t give them a chance to settle in your home.
Consult the diagnostic tool provided by the Nutrite Network of Experts to pinpoint the cause of the damage to your lawn and take the necessary corrective action. Contact your Nutrite Expert immediately to confirm your diagnosis, or to find out if work is required.