Edmund White on writing, incest, life and Larry Kramer
{{date|November 8, 2007}}

[[Image:Edmund White 2 by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|350px|'''Edmund White'''<br><sup>All photos: [[User:David Shankbone|David Shankbone]]</sup>]]
What you are about to read is an American life as lived by renowned author [[w:Edmund White|Edmund White]].  His life has been a crossroads, the fulcrum of high-brow [[w:Classicism|Classicism]] and low-brow [[w:Brett Easton Ellis|Brett Easton Ellisism]].  It is not for the faint.  He has been the toast of the literary elite in New York, London and Paris, befriending artistic luminaries such as [[w:Salman Rushdie|Salman Rushdie]] and [[w:Sir Ian McKellen|Sir Ian McKellen]] while writing about a family where he was jealous his sister was having sex with his father as he fought off his mother's amorous pursuit.  

The fact is, Edmund White exists.  His life exists.  To the casual reader, they may find it disquieting that someone like his father existed in 1950's America and that White's work is the progeny of his intimate effort to understand his own experience.      

''[[Wikinews]]'' reporter [[User:David Shankbone|David Shankbone]] understood that an interview with Edmund White, who is professor of creative writing at [[w:Princeton University|Princeton University]], who wrote the seminal biography of [[w:Jean Genet|Jean Genet]], and who no longer can keep track of how many sex partners he has encountered, meant nothing would be off limits.  Nothing was.  Late in the interview they were joined by his partner Michael Caroll, who discussed White's enduring feud with influential writer and activist [[w:Larry Kramer|Larry Kramer]].

==On literature==
'''David Shankbone:  What questions are you tired of answering?
:'''Edmund White:'''  Is there a gay sensibility?  People ask it all the time…the best answer to that I ever saw was somebody said, “There is no gay sensibility and it has had an enormous impact on society.”  Otherwise, I’m pretty easy.  I try to rethink the question each time.
'''DS:  Have you noticed your answers change much?
:'''EW:'''  Oh, yeah.  I’m a philosophical spirit, so that means you think through everything each time, unless you’re doing ten interviews a day and your own book tour.  Otherwise, if it’s like this, you try to think it out.  
'''DS:  When you notice you are very flexible in your thought and change notions easily, does it have broader implications for you?
:'''EW:'''  Sure, I think I am often working out things that I later will write.  To the degree that I write in an essayistic way, or even in my novels, I work up opinions I try out and use later.
'''DS:  One interview I did was with a young novelist named [[John Reed on Orwell, God, self-destruction and the future of writing|John Reed]]—
:'''EW:'''  I know him.  Cute boy.
'''DS:  Yes, married, kids.  But he feels a problem with creating a new generation of readers today is that the literary canon does not have many modern works at the grade school and high school level, and young readers feel disconnected from reading.
:'''EW:'''  I think he’s wrong; I don’t know where he is living.  If you go to high schools now—because I teach 18, 19, 20 year olds—they don’t know the classics.  All they know is ''[[w:The Color Purple|The Color Purple]]'' and stuff like that.  They all know ''[[w:The Color Purple|The Color Purple]]'' but they don’t know ''[[w:The Fairy Queen|The Fairy-Queen]]''.  They have never read [[w:John Milton|Milton]], but they have read [[Augusten Burroughs on addiction, writing, his family and his new book|Augusten Burroughs]] or [[w:David Sedaris|David Sedaris]].  So, he’s wrong.  [''Chuckles'']  
'''DS:  But what’s taught is not modern—
:'''EW:'''  No, it is!
'''DS:  Augusten Burroughs is taught?
:'''EW:'''  Absolutely!  Absolutely!
'''DS:  That would seem like racy material for grade school or high school.
:'''EW:'''  I don’t mean in Alabama; in America the curriculum is determined by each community, which is unlike every other country in the western world.  So, in [[w:Tuscaloosa, Alabama|Tuscaloosa]] they are not going to teach something racy, but in [[w:Darien, Connecticut|Darien, Connecticut]] they are.

==On work as a gay writer==
'''DS:  Does it bother you to be considered a gay writer?
:'''EW:'''  Well there is a question I have asked many many times.  I think it would be unrealistic to say I’m not a gay writer.  I emerged with a gay literary movement—[[w:The Violet Quill|The Violet Quill]]—which was a group of gay writers who all started publishing in 1978, and I was labeled from the very beginning a gay writer.
'''DS:  And you embrace that?
:'''EW:'''  Embrace is another thing, but it would be unrealistic to deny it or act like it is some terrible offense, because if I am known at all it is because of the idea of gay literature.  Sometimes you wish you could have a wider readership, but every writer wishes that.  More women and straight men, but we all wish we had a wider readership.  In America, especially, everything is niche marketing and identity politics.  That’s not true in England, so much, and it’s certainly not true in France.  
'''DS:  In England you have kids reading Afro-Caribbean literature because they don’t have a sense that it’s a “black thing”?
:'''EW:'''  Yes, that’s right.  For instance, most of the well known writers in England under 50 are former colonial people, whether it’s [[w:Kazuo Ishiguro|Ishiguro]]—he’s Japanese and that wasn’t part of the empire, but still—or David Hogue Davies.  [[w:Caryl Phillips|Caryl Phillips]], who is a black man from the islands who lives now in New York but is one of England’s most important writers.  Also [[w:Salman Rushdie|Salman Rushdie]].  In other words, the way we categorize people and dismiss them is not true of England because in fact the major winners of the [[w:Booker Prize|Booker Prize]] over the last thirty years are people who would not have been allowed in a private men’s club in England 50 years ago.  
'''DS:  Do you see a generation that can assume the mantle for the Violet Quill or is there not a necessity for it?
:'''EW:'''  There’s not a necessity for it now, but there was then.  It’s always been hard to get gay books published, and it’s as hard as ever.  It’s very hard to get gay books published.  
'''DS:  Why?
:'''EW:'''  The market is very small.  Only 3% of all people are gay and if you take a diminishing dumbed-down reading public to begin with, and say you are only aiming for 3% of that market, that’s awfully small.  So gay novels if they are successful sell 5,000 copies.  
'''DS:  What is a gay novel?
:'''EW:'''  One that is marketed as gay.  Usually a picture of a cute boy on the cover.
'''DS:  Would [[w:Alan Hollinghurst|Hollinghurst]]’s ''[[w:The Swimming Pool Library|Swimming Pool Library]]'' be one?
:'''EW:'''  Well, he’s a cross-over writer.  He’s a little different because he did win the [[w:Booker Prize|Booker Prize]] with ''[[w:The Line of Beauty|The Line of Beauty]]'', and he was the editor of ''[[w:Times Literary Supplement|The Times Literary Supplement]]'', which is the most prestigious reviewing organism in the [[w:Anglosphere|English-speaking world]].  He has a dark brown voice and he went to [[w:Oxford College|Oxford]] and he knows everybody.  He’s admired by everybody.  London is such a different place because in America writers teach in different universities and they are scattered all across this huge country and they sometimes know each other, but not usually.  Whereas in England they are all journalists , they live in London, and they all know each other.  It’s a very small world, which is good and bad.  One of the good things is that if somebody is really talented like Hollinghurst and has accumulated a bastion of power like the TLS, he’ll have enormous impact, and everybody knows it.  Whereas here somebody like [[w:David Leavitt|David Leavitt]] is teaching in [[w:Gainesville, Florida|Gainesville, Florida]].  That’s pretty far off the beaten path even though he’s a wonderful writer.  His last book, ''The Indian Clerk'', was reviewed on the front page of The New York Times book review very glowingly.  Nevertheless, it doesn’t sell and nobody cares.  It’s very hard.
'''DS:  You think that’s because of a lack of a community of writers?
:'''EW:'''  I think there’s a number of things.  One of the things that is important for gay writers, gay publishers and gay academics is to try and develop a market.  You can see that with something like [[w:Harry Potter|Harry Potter]] where everybody thought the children’s market had completely vanished and now it’s back in a huge way because of that one book.  I have a friend, Claire Robson who is a lesbian writer that lives in [[w:Vancouver, Canada|Vancouver]].  [[Canada]], being a semi-welfare state has a lot of money for public things.  She’s trying to develop older lesbian audiences, younger gay male audiences.  She’s organizing reading groups, study groups, autobiography writing groups.  All of this stuff that is paid for by the government.
'''DS:  Earlier you were saying what makes a book a certain genre is a marketing function.
:'''EW:'''  Yes, but I think that what she is doing is trying to create readers who will then buy gay…I’m not saying all gay and lesbian books are cynically marketed.  There were a lot of books when I was young that weren’t marketed as gay books; books by [[w:Marcel Proust|Proust]], [[w:Thomas Mann|Thomas Mann]] and so on.  Andre Gilde.  They had gay themes but the “gay novel” didn’t exist then.  The problem is we have an awfully lot of good gay writers and very few good gay readers.  I don’t know why that is, but it’s true.  
'''DS:  Who are some good gay writers?
:'''EW:'''  Vestal McIntyre, Patrick Ryan are just two.

==On sex==
'''DS:  You said in an interview that the smartest people are the best sex—
:'''EW:'''  [''Laughs'']
'''DS:  —what is sex to you?
:'''EW:'''  The most important thing in the world.  I had a sex partner who I thought was really great sex but one day he said to me, “I really enjoy playing basketball more than having sex,” and I was so offended.  I thought that was like somebody saying, “I’d rather go shopping than go to church.”  It seemed to be so trivializing of this sacred thing of sex that it was hard to see him again after that.  So what is it for me?  Something very transcendent and I turn my life upside down to have it as frequently as possible.  No, it’s not frequency, it’s quality that’s important.
'''DS:  How can something repeated so often still be considered sacred?
:'''EW:'''  What about the mass?
'''DS:  Do you only have sex once a week?
:'''EW:'''  They have mass every day.
'''DS:  People don’t go to mass every day, typically.
:'''EW:'''  They can.
'''DS:  They could.
:'''EW:'''  No, I’m having sex more often than once week.  It’s hard to defend the position logically, I just mean to me it’s important.
'''DS:  Is that the main criterion for a partner?
:'''EW:'''  No.  I’ve lived with Michael for 12 years and I don’t think that has ever been the key issue between us.  He’s a writer, compatible and he’s one of the most interesting people I know.  He’s always unpredictable.
'''DS:  You have an open relationship?
:'''EW:'''  Yes.
'''DS:  Do you think that’s a necessity in order to have a successful relationship?
:'''EW:'''  I wouldn’t preach for anybody else; I mean, everybody’s different.  But for me, yes.
'''DS:  Where do you tend to find your sexual partners?
:'''EW:'''  On-line, now.  Silverdaddies.com; daddyhunt.  That’s where you go if you’re older.  Or [[w:Manhunt.net|Manhunt]] and [[w:Gay.com|gay.com]].  Or slavesformaster.  Those are all sites where I’ve met people.
'''DS:  Are you a [[w:Slave (BDSM)|slave]] or a [[w:Master (BDSM)|master]]?
:'''EW:'''  A slave, but I’m not much of one.
'''DS:  Why are you a bad slave?
:'''EW:'''  I’m not into pain and it has to strike me just right or it starts to seem ridiculous.
'''DS:  At what point does it start to seem ridiculous?
:'''EW:'''  Too much leather, bad grammar on the part of the master! [Laughs]
'''DS:  [Laughs]
:'''EW:'''  Like, “Lay down” instead of “Lie down.”  
'''DS:  Are you always [[w:Top and bottom in sex and BDSM|submissive]]?
:'''EW:'''  I have dominated, it’s just not as pleasurable.  When I was younger I had slaves, even for a whole year at a time.  
'''DS:  You had a [[w:Master/slave (BDSM)|slave relationship]].
:'''EW:'''  Yes, for a year.
'''DS:  What was that like?
:'''EW:'''  One day we were on acid down in [[w:Key West|Key West]] and I realized I didn’t even ''like'' him, so I broke up with him.  I thought it was okay to be doing it if I actually like or love him, but if I ''really'' have contempt for him, that’s no good.  It has to be an expression of love.
'''DS:  What psychological issues come out in a relationship like that?
:'''EW:'''  Unrequited feelings for love from your father, often times.   Longings for passivity.  A lot of people have that.  
'''DS:  To give up the feeling they always have to be in control in their waking lives?
:'''EW:'''  I have a good friend who is a European novelist who was willing to literally hand over all of his belongings to this master, just signed over everything he owned to live in a cage the rest of his life.  It turned out to be a fraud to fleece him of his money.
'''DS:  That must have been disappointing for him.  
:'''EW:'''  It’s a good thing he discovered that in time, didn’t lose his money and didn’t live in a cage the rest of his life, because he’s actually a very interesting person with a very full life.
'''DS:  What psychological issues did you work through in your slave-master relationships?
:'''EW:'''  Different ones.  If it’s not an on-going thing then you would get tired of it and drop it all together.  It’s not a very major part of my life.
'''DS:  Did it used to be more so?
:'''EW:'''  Yes.  But it was also a fresher scene back then.  Now it feels like a very tired scene and I hate people in leather, I think that’s so stupid.
'''DS:  Like they are wearing Halloween costumes?
:'''EW:'''  Yeah.  
'''DS:  As if the fashion never changes?  It’s always the same chaps, the same harness…
:'''EW:'''  Yeah…yeah, that’s right.  One of the interesting things about [[w:Robert Mapplethorpe|Robert Mapplethorpe]]—who was a friend of mine and I have quite a few pictures here by him, including two of me—he had leathers made for him in [[w:Amsterdam|Amsterdam]] with red and blue piping, fitting in an interesting way with different kinds of leather.  A patchwork effect without making it look silly.  He was very elegant.  They were attractive and sexy.

==On incest in his family==
'''DS:  In an interview you said that you are known for the [[w:Incest|incestuous]] feelings that were in your family—
:'''EW:'''  [''Laughs'']
'''DS:  —what advice would you give to couples pursuing an incestuous relationship?
:'''EW:'''  You mean like a father and daughter who want to have a love affair?
'''DS:  Or a brother and sister.
:'''EW:'''  God, move to a more tolerant country, first of all.
'''DS:  Do you think there is a problem with it?
:'''EW:'''  I think incest becomes more difficult if it’s intergenerational than if it’s in the same generation.  And it becomes more difficult if it crosses the sex barrier.  For instance, two brothers who have sex with each other when they are growing up, for instance—they’re 14 and 16—it is never a very big deal.  Whereas if a brother and sister have sex and are both teenagers, it is often traumatic, especially for the girl, and it will show up in her [[w:Psychoanalysis|psychoanalysis]] later, and problems with her marriage, with frigidity and so on.  If it’s her father she is sleeping with, it becomes a ''very'' big problem for her psychological adjustment.
'''DS:  Is that because there is an intrinsic problem with it, or because of societal reactions to it?
:'''EW:'''  I think that it probably comes to the same thing because in every society it’s a problem.  So whether it’s genetic or societal, I don’t know.  But it’s universal.  [[w:Social anthropology|Anthropologists]] try to speculate why that would be.  Some people say that it has to do with the divisions of authority and power; for instance, if a daughter is sleeping with her father then her mother has no authority over her because the daughter has in a sense replaced the mother because she’s the ideal partner—she’s younger, prettier, whatever.  It screws up the whole [[w:Sociology of the family|family system]].  It’s a very interesting subject.  But I think I’m right: two brothers, no big deal; two sisters, no big deal.  Brother-sister becomes a problem, or mother-son it becomes a ''huge'' problem.
'''DS:  So you’d advise an incestuous couple not to pursue it?
:'''EW:'''  Oh, I don’t give advice! [''Laughs'']  
'''DS:  You had mentioned particular issues about a father may arise in a slave-master relationship.  You were sexually attracted to your father, so do you think you worked through your own issues with him?
[[Image:Edmund White by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|350px]]
:'''EW:'''  Yes.
'''DS:  Where do you think that attraction came from?
:'''EW:'''  I don’t know; I think it’s very hard to explain attraction.  If I’m attracted to you right now, why?  I don’t know why.  
'''DS:  But that’s something people could perhaps explain more readily than attraction to one's [[w:Father|father]].
:'''EW:'''  I don’t know; I wasn’t really raised by my father.  I lived apart from him and I would spend every summer with him, but not see him much during the year.  My parents were [[w:divorce|divorced]] from my age of seven on.  I think the incest taboo sets in and turns somebody off sexually with somebody they know very well and lives with.  I think with my father he was somebody who every eye in the family was focused on and he was a sort of a tyrant and nice-looking, the source of all power, money, happiness, and he was implacable and difficult.  He was always spoken of in sexual terms, in the sense he left our mother for a much younger woman who was very sexy but had nothing else going for her.  He was a famous womanizer.  And he slept with my sister!  
'''DS:  What you describe is power; are you still attracted to power?
:'''EW:'''  No.  I mean, my idea of power, but not everybody’s idea of power.  In other words, I wouldn’t want to go to bed with [[George W. Bush|Bush]]…
'''DS:  Would you let him blow you?
:'''EW:'''  No.  
'''DS:  Why not?
:'''EW:'''  I find him repulsive.  I wouldn’t even let a [[w:Republican Party|Republican]] blow me.  That does cut down on a number of people I ''guess''—
'''DS:  What did your father’s incestuous relationship with your sister do to you?
:'''EW:'''  I was envious of my sister.  I wished I had that kind of access to him.
'''DS:  Did you try?
:'''EW:'''  Yeah.
'''DS:  And he spurned you?
:'''EW:'''  No, it was so subtle he probably didn’t even know I was longing for him because, I mean, we’re talking about the 1950’s in [[w:Cincinnati, Ohio|Cincinnati, Ohio]], or [[Texas]].  He didn’t know I was gay until later and he would tell me he had just fired a man because he thought he might be gay, or at least he wasn’t married and he wore a ring.
'''DS:  How would you respond?
:'''EW:'''  You couldn’t say anything.
'''DS:  Did he ever know?
:'''EW:'''  About me?  Yes.  Fairly early on, when I was about 15.
'''DS:  What was his reaction?
:'''EW:'''  He was horrified, because he thought it was my mother’s bad influence because I had led an overly sophisticated life with her.  He thought I should lead a simpler life and put in hours and hours of yard work and that would make me straight.
'''DS:  Your mother was attracted to you, right?
:'''EW:'''  Or anybody that was around, I think?
'''DS:  [''Laughs''] The old doorknob adage? [''Laughs'']
:'''EW:'''  [''Laughs''] Yeah. [''Laughs'']
'''DS:  Do you think that played a role in your being gay?
:'''EW:'''  A classical [[w:Freud|Freudian]] explanation would be suffocating mother and absent father [[w:Sexual orientation|makes somebody gay]].  I actually had both of those elements, but I don’t think that’s a universal formula for creating homosexuals.  
'''DS:  I [[Dr. Joseph Merlino on sexuality, insanity, Freud, fetishes and apathy|interviewed an eminent psychoanalyst named Joseph Merlino]] and he said it’s a mixture of things—nature, nurture, both.
:'''EW:'''  You don’t try to explain [[w:Heterosexuality|heterosexuality]] and yet it’s extremely difficult to explain.
'''DS:  How so?
:'''EW:'''  If you get beyond the simple biological fact that we want men to fuck women so we’ll have babies, that doesn’t explain the psychological dynamics of how men come to regard women as so attractive.  I think the way advertising works in our media and movies I think it would be make more sense if all men are heterosexual and all women are lesbians, because women are held up as being so attractive and so much the focus of sexual desire, that I think that would be more logical.  Especially when I was growing up.  You never saw a naked man except Indians in [[w:Cowboys and indians|cowboy and Indian]] movies.  You never saw a bare-chested man.
'''DS:  The courting rituals are similar between gays and straights.
:'''EW:'''  The [[w:Courtship|courting rituals]] are very different, because heterosexual men spend a lot of time courting women before they get them; whereas gay men get them instantly if they are going to get them at all.  The most romantic moment with gay men—this is something [[w:Michel Foucault|Michel Foucault]] said, it’s not an original thought—he said the most romantic moment for a heterosexual man is the build-up to sex, and for gay men the most romantic moment is when you put your trick in a cab and you go back home alone thinking about it all.  [''Laughs'']

==On American politics==
'''DS:  Who are you supporting for President?
:'''EW:'''  Nobody.  I guess I’ll vote for [[w:Hillary Clinton|Clinton]], but very reluctantly.  She’s more experienced and has had a lot of time to think about government and how to deal with Congress.  She’s learned from her own mistakes, and from her [[w:Bill Clinton|husband's]] mistakes, too.  I think ''he'' learned from his mistakes.  The way they had such a disaster with [[w:1993 Clinton health care plan|their health proposals]], or their [[w:Don't ask, don't tell|gay proposals for the army]], I think they learned from that and she has benefited from all that.  She was a full partner.
'''DS:  Would we benefit from having Bill Clinton back in the White House?
:'''EW:'''  He’s charismatic and a wonderful mind.  Since he’s been out of office he’s been involved in a lot of public welfare interests, whether it be international poverty or [[AIDS]].  The [[2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami|Tsunami]].  I would say he’s broadened his interests since he was in office.
'''DS:  [[w:Nicolas Sarkozy|Nicolas Sarkozy]]: [[w:Fascism|fascist]] or [[w:Liberator|liberator]]?
:'''EW:'''  Neither, but he’s better than a lot of people thought he would be.  He’s appointed a lot of [[w:Socialism|Socialists]] and even [[w:Communism|Communists]] to his government.  I think people feel he is not part of the ''[[w:Grandes Écoles|Grandes Écoles]]'' system, even though I think he went to one, but he doesn’t seem quite as much a part of the establishment.  
'''DS:  So you have no issue with him?
:'''EW:'''  No, not at all.  Maybe I will, and we all thought we ''would'', but he’s turned out to be better than that idiot [[w:Ségolène Royal|Ségolène Royal]] with her frozen smile.
'''DS:  How has the [[w:Iraq War|Iraq War]] affected you?’
:'''EW:'''  It’s very depressing.  Michael is more conservative than I am and he’ll get mad at me—
:'''Michael:'''  But it is depressing.  It’s very depressing.  
:'''EW:'''  It’s depressing—this is where he’ll get mad at me—I think it makes it depressing to be an American.  Especially when you’re abroad, because most Europeans we know are very sophisticated in that they can separate an individual from his country’s politics better than most Americans can.  Remember everybody talking about [[w:Freedom fries|Freedom Fries]].
:'''Michael:'''  It’s all ridiculous.  I don’t get embarrassed being an American, but I definitely avoid going places where Americans aren’t popular.  
:'''EW:'''  But aside from all that, just living here year after year when you have a government that you hate, and that is systematically destroying the fabric of our society, and just taking apart everything they can think of.  “Health care for children?  Veto that.  School system?  Let’s destroy that.”  Whatever you can think of.  “[[w:Prisoners rights|Prisoners rights]]?  Let’s create [[w:Guantanamo Bay|Guantanamo Bay]] and [[w:Abu Ghraib|Abu Ghraib]].”  Everything!  I just sent a check today to the [[w:ACLU|ACLU]].  It’s really the time to be doing that.  
'''DS:  [[ACLU President Strossen on religion, drugs, guns and impeaching George Bush|Nadine Strossen is such a believer]].  I guess you need to be a believer to be President of the ACLU.  What trait do you deplore in yourself?
:'''EW:'''  It sounds ironic because I have been publishing recent years a book every year, but I actually feel I am lazy.  I’m very unfocused, so I guess I get things done because I’m broke all the time, so I have to do it for money.  Another trait I don’t like about myself is an “I’m right and your wrong” quality.  There’s a slight dictatorial side, probably because I’m a teacher and I’m given that authority based upon my position.  I can run roughshod over other people’s opinions and not really take enough time to tease out what they are really trying to say, what is valuable, or what I can learn from them even though I completely disagree with what they are saying.  
'''DS:  You have to choose whether to blow up [[China]] or [[India]], and if you do not choose then they both go.  They are roughly equal in population according to their last censuses; which do you choose?
:'''EW:'''  I think I would blow up China.  I majored in Chinese in college and I was a great admirer of [[w:Four Great Inventions of ancient China|traditional China]], but I don’t really like [[w:People's Republic of China|modern China]] very much and I’ve never had a desire to go there.  I feel like whatever wisdom or culture or civilization they had they pretty much destroyed through the [[w:Cultural Revolution|Cultural Revolution]], paradoxically, in the Seventies.  I think that will end up being the worst thing that happened in the [[w:Twentieth Century|Twentieth Century]], worse than the [[w:Nazi Holocaust|Holocaust]].  It killed more people and it destroyed the fabric of their society more than anything.  India never really had anything comparable.  They had [[w:Colonial India|the British]], they had the [[w:British Raj|Raj]], and that was pretty damn bad, I guess, but it was an ambiguous thing.  It preserved a lot of things and it destroyed others, but it consolidated power in India.  It had been so many different little kingdoms.  
'''DS:  So is China.
:'''EW:'''  Yeah, that’s right, although the [[w:Chinese empire|Chinese empire]] is very old.  There is nothing comparable in India.  
'''DS:  It’s more cohesive now, but China, once the [[w:Chinese Communist Party|Communist Party]] loses its grip on power, it’s going to fall apart.
:'''EW:'''  I don’t think so.  Maybe [[w:Tibet|Tibet]].  
'''DS:  You have [[w:Islam in China|Muslim provinces]], you have Tibet.  You have problems in the south with the north.  [[w:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]].  You don’t think that there will be a domino effect that when one goes, the others will go?
:'''EW:'''  I don’t think so.  You know why?  China has been one country.  Obviously Tibet is a different problem.  [[w:Manchuria|Manchuria]] is a different problem.  [[w:Inner Mongolia|Mongolia]] is a different problem.  But if you forget all those problems, and you just talk about the central provinces—which are immense—that’s always been one country for almost 4,000 years with an emperor ruling it. Starting with the [[w:Han Dynasty|Han Dynasty]], which is about the time of Christ, with an elaborate civil service system.  That’s what [[w:Confucius|Confucius]] was about.  
'''DS:  So the age of the end of the empire won’t touch China?  It won’t be a [[w:Soviet Union|Soviet Union]]?
:'''EW:'''  If you look at Russia and all those places, like [[w:Republic of Georgia|Georgia]] and [[w:Uzebekistan|Uzbekistan]], those are all different little countries and it was the Soviet Union that dragged them all together and when the Soviet Union croaked they all fell apart.  I think China traditionally was unified.

==On his intimate relationships==
'''DS:  What do you regard as the lowest depth of misery?
:'''EW:'''  I think I felt it about three years ago.  I was dropped by a guy I was really in love with, and it took me back to my late twenties when that had last happened.  I didn’t even think I was capable of that kind of suffering anymore, but I just cried every day for a month and all the time.  I went to a shrink then, and he said, “I can’t even work with you, you’re so depressed.”
'''DS:  Why did he drop you?
:'''EW:'''  He found a new lover and he discovered he wasn’t really a top, but a bottom.
'''DS:  How does having a relationship like that fit in yours and Michael’s?
:'''EW:'''  Nobody seems to understand it very well, and I’m not sure we’ve even articulated it.  Michael has a full time boyfriend who is a German who is quite a bit younger than he is.  He’s a historian, he’s a PhD student in history.  And I have a fulltime boyfriend who is a PhD student at Harvard in philosophy.  We both like each other’s boyfriends.
'''DS:  Do you think not articulating it is what makes it work?
:'''EW:'''  Yes.  We’re very very affectionate and we’re both bohemian.  Neither of us ever had an ideal of getting married and having a white picket fence, adopting a Korean girl or being respectable, or anything like that.  When we first met we both realized we are each sluts, so we cheerfully acknowledged that and went our way.  We’re in it for the long haul with each other.  Most couples, straight of gay—50% of all straight couples end in divorce—I think it would be even higher if people could afford to get divorced.  Partly the people who stay together are limited financially.  Anyway, I think that if you’re really in it for the long haul, you have to give each other a tremendously long leash.
'''DS:  Do you always practice safe sex?
:'''EW:'''  I do.  Well, unless it’s somebody who is also positive.  If I’m positive, and somebody else is positive and he wants to bareback, that’s fine.
'''DS:  But there’s different strains of the virus, correct?
:'''EW:'''  Or so they say.  I don’t think so.  
'''DS:  You’ve never known of anyone who has said, “Oh, now I have a different strain and none of the drugs are working.”
:'''EW:'''  No.  I think that’s something doctors told people because they were trying to scare the ones who are already positive and weren’t responsible towards their partners.  They were trying to give them a personal reason for practicing safe sex.  “Oh, your own health will deteriorate more if you don’t watch out.”  I think that’s bullshit.  I don’t always tell my partners I’m positive, but I always practice safe sex with somebody I don’t’ know and I just assume that’s enough.  If they ask, I always say the truth.
'''DS:  What difficulties have you encountered physically from being HIV positive?  Has it been a difficult row to hoe?
:'''EW:'''  No.  I found out I was positive in 1985, and I was probably positive already for five or six years at that point because I was very active sexually in the late seventies, early eighties.  I would go to the St. Mark’s baths, which was very close to where I lived, and get fucked 20 times in an evening, so why would I have not been positive then?  The first test became available in 1984, but I moved to Paris in late 1982 and I wasn’t really living near any place.  So when I had the test done in 1985 in Zurich, the results had to be sent to America to be analyzed; we had to wait three months to get the results.  That’s when I found out I was positive.  I only started taking meds a few years ago.
'''DS:  Why did you start?
:'''EW:'''  My doctor advised me to because my counts had dropped below 500, or something.  They had always been around 700 for years and years.  Suddenly it seemed like they were drifting faster and faster down.  I thought if I took meds I would have more energy, and I did.  I used to take two naps a day.

==On Edmund White==
'''DS:  How would you like to die if you could choose your own death?
:'''EW:'''  A heart attack in my sleep.  That’s the most beautiful death.  You’re not conscious of it, the pain, and you’re gone in a second.  It’s no fuss for anybody else, either.  
'''DS:  What about dying consciously makes you uncomfortable?
:'''EW:'''  Nothing, except that usually if you’re conscious you have a long, lingering disease.  
'''DS:  You could be hit by a train.
:'''EW:'''  That’s fine, but I that would be more painful than dying of a heart attack.  Maybe not, that might be good.  A lot of times when I’m in a storm in a plane, I think I wouldn’t mind if it goes down.
'''DS:  Do you believe in a higher power?
:'''EW:'''  No, not at all.  I’m glad people do believe who are in the recovery programs.  I was an [[w:Alcoholic|alcoholic]]—I guess you have to say I ''am'' an alcoholic—and stopped drinking in 1983 and I never went to [[w:Alcoholics Anonymous|AA]] or anything.  I was living in Europe where it was awfully hard to find AA in English, or even in French.  It just isn’t part of their mores.  It was very easy for me to stop.  It was impossible for me to moderate, and very easy to stop.  Same thing with smoking.  I smoked four packs a day for twenty-some years, and from one day to the next nothing.
[[Image:Edmund White 3 by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|left|300px]]
'''DS:  If you’re going to sin, you’re going to fuck the devil?
:'''EW:'''  [''Laughs'']  Well, I think I’m very compulsive.  So it’s not like I’m defiantly smoking four packs a day or defiantly drinking three bottles of wine, but it’s just what happens when I start doing those things.
'''DS:  What’s your favorite curse word?
:'''EW:''' I don’t curse very much and everybody agrees with that.  Don’t you agree with that Michael?
:'''Michael:'''  His favorite curse word is fuck.  There’s a lot of fucking.
'''DS:  Have you ever altered your opinion of somebody based upon their star sign?
:'''EW:'''  If they brought up their star sign that would alter my opinion of them. [''Laughs'']
'''DS:  What would you find a bigger turn-off in bed:  somebody who was flatulent or somebody who spoke in a baby voice?
:'''EW:'''  A baby voice.  [''Laughs'']  I think because flatulence I guess I could see as part of normal human physiology.  It’s not an affectation if you fart.  If you talk in a baby voice it’s a deliberate affectation and I think affectations in general are repellent.
'''DS:  Is that one especially repellent to you?
:'''EW:'''  It’s funny that you mention it because I have a character in my new book ''Hotel de Dream'' who is an [[w:androgyne|androgyne]], and it’s based upon a real person.  I wrote a book called memoirs of androgyne.  Not only did she want men to treat her—him—as a BABY, but he would give a blow job to anybody if they would say to him, “Isn’t this the cutest whittle baby that every did live,” and so on, and bounce him on their knee.  I suppose if somebody was really kinky and dirty and wanted to be powdered and burped I could get into it, because I tend to like things that are demented like that.  But if you were just in bed with a guy with a five o’clock shadow like you and all of a sudden he started going, “Goo goo goo goo” it would be a little alarming.
'''DS:  What trait do you deplore in other people?
:'''EW:'''  Injustice.  It can be anything like if it’s the laundry man refusing to pay up to a little old lady, and he’s lost ten of her shirts and gives her some rigmarole and gives her forms to fill out…I’ll defend her.  I get really hot under the collar.  It’s not injustice done to me, it’s anybody.
'''DS:  What do you value most in your friends.
:'''EW:'''  Loyalty is very important, but I’m very easy-going with people.  For instance, we have a friend who really was impossible recently, but I guess if I really like the person I see why he does these things and I’m not going to reproach him.  I don’t give advice and I don’t reproach people.

==On Larry Kramer==
'''DS:  What role do you think you play in the gay community?
:'''EW:'''  I don’t think I’m very prominent in the gay community.  A typical Ed White moment was—I was one of the six founders of the [[w:Gay Men's Health Crisis|Gay Men’s Health Crisis]].  Last summer they had the 25th anniversary of the organization.  I went to the party because I was invited.  There are only three of us who are still alive of the six original founders.  Everybody was dressed in black, they were all in their thirties, they were all AIDS professionals, and nobody knew who I was.  I just wandered around completely by myself.  Hillary Clinton whizzed past me, looked at me in kind of a strange way as if she might know me, gave this very clever, very well-informed, very rehearsed talk, and whizzed out.  Then I looked in this dining room where I saw six hundred chairs where they would all be thanking each other and congratulating each other, and I thought, “Get me out of here!” and I left.  And nobody noticed.
'''DS:  Do you have a relationship with [[w:Larry Kramer|Larry Kramer]] at all?
:'''EW:'''  We’re enemies.
'''DS:  Why?
:'''EW:'''  We were friends and I think I stayed friends with him longer than anybody else, but even I finally gave way because he attacked me in print in the most vile and disgusting terms.
'''DS:  What did he say?
:'''EW:'''  When I first moved back to America 10 years ago—
:'''Michael:'''  It was before that, the year before that.
:'''EW:'''  The year before.  I had a book that came out called ''The Farewell Symphony'', which I think was maybe my most important book.  I sent Larry an early [[w:manuscript|manuscript]] of it because I wanted his opinion of it.  All he said to me was, “Did you really have that much sex?” and I said, “Well, Larry, everybody did in the seventies except you.”
:'''Michael:'''  Although that’s not what he was saying in that documentary last week.
:'''EW:'''  Yeah, there was a documentary about [[w:Fire Island|Fire Island]] where he was talking about he, too, was part of the scene.  Which wasn’t true because he wasn’t; he’s too ugly.  [''Chuckles'']  Anyway, suddenly he decided to attack my book and me months before it came out in America in these really disgusting terms.  "Edmund White’s mouth is busier than his toilet—“
:'''Michael:'''  No it was your ass.  Your ass has been busier than a toilet seat.
:'''EW:'''  Oh, right, that’s right.  And all this stuff.  
:'''Michael:'''  It’s kind of a mixed [[w:Metaphor|metaphor]]...
:'''EW:'''  Right, it doesn’t even make sense.  He’s an idiot.  
:'''Michael:'''  But before that, he denounced you in front of a live audience, before it reached print.
'''DS:  But up until then—before that, you had been…
:'''EW:'''  Yeah, we had been friendly-ish
:'''Michael:'''  Larry was resentful that he had gone to Paris in the middle of the crisis.
:'''EW:'''  And he was mad that I had written a biography of Jean Genet when ''every'' gay writer should be thinking about AIDS and only about AIDS.
:'''Michael:'''  He thought Ed had alighted himself out of the situation.  He doesn’t know what real writers are, because what they do is spend their time writing and not yelling in public.  
:'''EW:'''  I only have an issue with him because he attacked my work at a time when I was very vulnerable.
'''DS:  Why were you so vulnerable?
:'''EW:'''  I was just moving back to America and it was my biggest and best book, and it was a book about the [[w:AIDS crisis|AIDS crisis]]... [''Sighs'']
:'''Michael:'''  And you hadn’t published a novel in about ten years
:'''EW:'''  Yeah.
:'''Michael:'''  And he really did go in to attack mode at this conference in Key West, and sitting next to Ed at the table, hogging the microphone, and yelling and denouncing him to the audience and telling them, “Where are our [[w:Tolstoy|Tolstoys]]?  Where are our [[w:Flaubert|Flauberts]]?”  I mean, as if he were anything close to that.  Using it as a platform to talk about his own novel, which he has been promising for such a long time.
:'''EW:'''  That was already ten, eleven years ago.
:'''Michael:'''  Yeah, he was about to give the world his Tolstoy.  And that summer he denounced Ed’s book in print, they published part of that novel—his novel—in A&U, Art & Understanding.  It was a big literary issue with [[w:Andrew Holleran|Andrew Holleran]] and—
:'''EW:'''  --and his was just laughable.
:'''Michael:'''  His was like, “Nurse Fuckface turned to Doctor Cuntbrain—“  Literally!
:'''EW:'''  Names that were like out of [[w:Charles Dickens|Dickens]].  
:'''Michael:'''  But with tits, and—
:'''EW:'''  Vulgar.
:'''Michael:'''  Well, it was retarded.  It was not funny.  He’s not funny, is the problem.  If he could make that funny, which he could if he had a [[w:Monty Python|Monty Python]] kind of sensibility, but it was just embarrassing.  It was kind of gooey.  But of course nobody reacted like that because they like Larry because of his political dossier.  So, that’s just my little bit on the whole thing.  He’s done a lot of great stuff in terms of AIDS movement, patient rights and all that stuff.  That’s fine.  But he’s also kind of a smear artist.
:'''EW:'''  And everybody forgives him!  He’ll call [[w:Mathilde Krim|Mathilde Krim]], who is one of the most important people in the eighties in the fight against AIDS, and she’ll say she’s like [[w:Himmler|Himmler]].  Then she’ll come on television and they’ll ask, “Dr. Krim, what do you think of Larry Kramer comparing you to Himmler?” and she’ll say, “Oh, Larry, I love him!”  And that’s what they say.  They all love him.   I don’t.  I think he’s an asshole.

{{haveyoursay}}
==Source==
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{{interview}}

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[[Category:New York]]
[[Category:Literature]]
[[Category:Politics and conflicts]]
[[Category:Wackynews]]
[[Category:LGBT]]
[[Category:United States]]
[[Category:Society]]
[[Category:Princeton University]]
David Shankbone
What you are about to read is an American life as lived by renowned author Edmund White.  His life has been a crossroads, the fulcrum of high-brow Classicism and low-brow Brett Easton Ellisism.  It is not for the faint.  He has been the toast of the literary elite in New York, London and Paris, befriending artistic luminaries such as Salman Rushdie and Sir Ian McKellen while writing about a family where he was jealous his sister was having sex with his father as he fought off his mother's amorous pursuit.  

The fact is, Edmund White exists.  His life exists.  To the casual reader, they may find it disquieting that someone like his father existed in 1950's America and that White's work is the progeny of his intimate effort to understand his own experience.      

Wikinews reporter David Shankbone understood that an interview with Edmund White, who is professor of creative writing at Princeton University, who wrote the seminal biography of Jean Genet, and who no longer can keep track of how many sex partners he has encountered, meant nothing would be off limits.  Nothing was.  Late in the interview they were joined by his partner Michael Caroll, who discussed White's enduring feud with influential writer and activist Larry Kramer.
New York Literature Politics and conflicts Wackynews LGBT United States Society Princeton University