TEXT: Medieval Agriculture
  Ian Holland,
  1999/06/14.
  Version 1.11
  Copyright © 1999 Ian Holland, All rights reserved.
  Introduction
  Consider a yeoman, Alfred, with 30 acres of crop land to provide him and his family with a living. In
  many campaigns it is enough just to let this farmer roll once a year to determine how he has done,
  and how much cash he’ll have in his pouch for the following year.
  Some players may like to explore the hazards and rewards of living off the land. These rules are for
  those players and for those players’ GM’s. In most seasons, our yeoman will make a comfortable,
  though labour intensive, living. He’ll be able to feed himself and his family, pay his rent and have
  enough cash for his needs.
  Not only can these rules be used to calculate the rewards of working farmland, but they can also be
  used to determine what the rest of the gameworld is doing at any particular time of year. So, even if a
  player doesn’t want to go to the effort to determine the number of chickens his character has, he will
  be able to know at what time of year it is appropriate to start lopping their heads off.
  Adventure hooks can easily be inserted into the agricultural year by the GM letting things "go
  wrong". What will the players do when their characters have been called up for owed military ser-
  vice just when they need to be ploughing their land? What happens when their livestock goes miss-
  ing? What do they do in the middle of winter when their food has run out?
  Using these rules, a character may ﬁnd he has little need for money and is quite able to survive, and
  prosper, with barter.
  The effort required to use these rules, even though their implementation is spread over a game year,
  will tend to restrict their full use to small landholders: serfs, yeoman, petit sergeants and perhaps a
  Landed Knight. Even so, the GM will be able to use the rules concerned with regional effects to
  paint a general picture of the campaign world.
  Villages
  When designing villages, it is best to keep the total amount of arable land less than 1 square mile
  (640 acres). A value of 600 acres (20 virgates) used for arable land allows the extra 40 acres to be
  used for dwellings, roads, paths and waste land and have the entire village within 1 square mile. This
  allows all the ﬁelds of the village to be within easy distance.
  Villages of this type are suitable for the open ﬁeld method. If a closed ﬁeld system is desired, use a
  value of 450 acres (15 virgates) as the usable maximum. The extra waste is due to the need for extra
  roads and boundary areas.
  Also use the closed ﬁeld system for any isolated farms that the campaign world may have.
  For both systems, the amount of available meadow should also be deﬁned. This is usually equal to
  one quarter to a half of the area of arable land. It needs to be protected from the livestock, either by
  fences, walls, hedges, or natural barriers. The meadow is primarily used for hay production. The
  proportion of meadow that a landholder has access to is proportional to the amount of arable land he
  has, though there are always exceptions.
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  Av ailable pasture should also be deﬁned. This is usually less important than the amount of arable
  land and meadow, but it may become a limiting factor in the number of animals the village can sup-
  port.
  The amount of land set aside for the lord’s demesne is another consideration. This is going to be lim-
  ited by the number of serf households available to work it. A general rule of thumb is to allow three
  virgates in the demesne for each four virgates assigned to serfs. An effective maximum is one virgate
  in the demesne for each virgate assigned to serfs. Of course, it is better for the well being of all
  involved to keep the ratio lower. If a noble (or landed chivalric) character insists, against social con-
  vention, on having a greater amount of land in his demesne, he’ll most likely ﬁnd it necessary to pay
  for the extra labour required to plough his ﬁelds and harvest his crops.
  Deﬁnitions
  Bushel
  8 gallons of grain/fruit/etc. One bushel of wheat is equivalent to 60 pounds. For convenience, these
  rules will assume that one bushel of anything is equivalent to 60 pounds.
  Yardland or Virgate
  A virgate is approximately 30 acres. This value will vary depending on the quality of the soil. That
  is, farmlands with rich soil will have smaller virgates while those with poor soil will have larger vir-
  gates. The usual range of a virgate is from 15 to 40 acres. The real size of each virgate will impact
  on ploughing and harvesting times, but yields should be pro-rated as if the virgate was exactly 30
  acres.
  There are two methods of open farming available: the two ﬁeld system and the three ﬁeld system.
  These rules concentrate on the three ﬁeld system, but a two ﬁeld system can be used by evenly split-
  ting the available land into two ﬁelds. These two ﬁelds alternate at being left fallow (not used), while
  the other ﬁeld is divided into an autumn and a spring section (not usually equal in size). Each of
  these sections is then treated as a seperate ﬁeld for the purposes of these rules.
  Each year, one ﬁeld is planted with an autumn crop, another is planted with a spring crop and the
  third is allowed to lay fallow. A serf will usually own half a virgate, but may have as low as a third or
  as high as a full virgate. A yeoman will usually own one virgate but may own from half to two vir-
  gates. Petit sergeants will have either two or three virgates.
  Owed Labour
  Serfs owe their lord labour based on the virgate they own. Each virgate owned by a serf owes three
  days labour a week throughout the year and a full weeks work for each week in September. If a serf
  owns less than a full virgate (the usual case) then the owed labour is proportional to the land owned.
  For example, a serf that has half a virgate owes 11⁄2 days per week, while a serf that has a third of a
  virgate owes 1 day per week. The labour owed in September is unchanged regardless of the amount
  of land owned.
  It should be noted that a serf doesn’t actually "own" the land, he merely has the right to use it.
  If the campaign is following historical precedents, only six days of each week is available for labour.
  Also, many agricultural activities are not possible in inclement weather. These two facts conspire to
  limit the amount of land that is able to be effectively cultivated for a given population.
  Rents
  Free men (yeomen and petit sergeants) do not owe labour for the lands they hold, but pay rents
  instead. These rents amount to 12Cr per year per virgate owned. Of course this value will vary from
  region to region and from manor to manor.
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  The Farming Year
  Miscellaneous 
  Autumn 
  Spring
  Fallow
  Season 
  Month
  Activity 
  Field
  Field 
  Field
  Autumn 
  September
  Accounting, 
  Plough
  Harvest
  Vat Grapes 
  (Planting)
  October 
  Wine Barrelled
  Planting
  November 
  Slaughter
  Thresh/Store
  Winter 
  December
  Feasting
  January 
  (Plough)
  (Plough)
  February 
  Prune Vineyards 
  Plough
  Plough
  Spring 
  March
  Planting
  April 
  Pasture Livestock
  May 
  Shear Sheep 
  Harvest 
  Weed/Fertilise 
  (Plough)
  Summer 
  June
  Gather Hay
  (Harvest) 
  Weed/Fertilise 
  Plough
  July 
  (Gather Hay)
  August 
  Meadow Liv estock 
  (Harvest)
  Becomes
  Spring
  Field
  Becomes
  Fallow
  Field
  Becomes
  Autumn
  Field
  Accounting
  This is the time that the manor accounts are settled. It is usually held near the very end of September
  or very early in October. Historical northwestern Europe used September 29, near the feast of
  Michaelmas, as their "accounting day". These accounts include the tallying of service owed and
  payed by each holding, the paying of rents and the balancing of monies owed. The manor court was
  the scene for many of these transactions.
  The rents owed by freemen (yeomen and petit sergeants) were paid in full during this period. It was
  not required to use coin to pay for these rents: payment in kind was accepted, and in many places
  such payment became formalised.
  If serf holdings are found to have not delivered on all the labour they owed, the serfs are usually ﬁned
  by their lord, but could be subjected to more severe punishments.
  Feasting
  Just before winter sets in, the folk of the land stuff themselves silly on the produce of the year. This
  is the last decent food they are going to have for a long time, and they make the best of it. Choice
  pigs and sheep and maybe even a cow are sacriﬁced for the feasting. Loaves made from the best
  wheat are baked and served with the years best cheese and wine. This is about the only time a lowly
  peasant gets a glimpse of the good life.
  Mind you, if the harvest was poor, all bets are off.
  Gather Hay
  The previous harvest (May) will have indicated the amount of Fodder available. For each acre of
  meadow available, that amount (Fodder) of hay may be gathered. It takes 2 man days per acre to
  gather.
  The "(Gather Hay)" entry indicates that this activity can continue if required.
  Harvest
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  Time requirements
  Crop 
  Equipment
  Time Required
  Field Crops
  1 man, scythe 
  2 days/acre
  Garden Crops
  1 man, sickle, digging fork
  1 day/croft
  Once Field Crops are harvested, they need to be threshed to separate the grain from the rest of the
  plant. For every bushel of grain gathered, there are four bushels of fodder (straw) obtained.
  See Yield to determine the success of each harvest.
  The "(Harvest)" entries in the table indicate that harvesting may occur if other factors are acceptable.
  For example, harvesting of the spring crop may begin in August if the crop has ripened, and the
  weather is acceptable.
  Meadow Liv estock
  At the end of August the meadow is opened to the livestock. Also, this is the time that the number of
  livestock is recalculated. Most mating seasons occur just before winter and by this time the number
  of newborn animals that are going to survive can be determined. A check has to be made to ensure
  that the pasture was able to support the animals kept over the winter.
  Multiply the Fodder (bu/acre) from the May (spring) harvest (see Yield) by the number of pasturage
  acres available to the landholder. This gives the amount of fodder available to the landholders ani-
  mals. Multiply that value by the nutritional value of pasture fodder (100NU/bu). Next, calculate the
  total amount of NU’s required by the animals by using the values in the NU per season column of the
  Animal Table.
  If the available NU’s from pasturage is greater than the animal requirements, all is well. Otherwise,
  the farmer calculates the percentage of NU available to NU required, and applies that value to each
  type of animal to determine the survivors. For example: Alfred has 3 cows (10080NU), 6 pigs
  (12960NU) and 12 chickens (2880NU) for a total pasturage requirement of 25920NU. Given that
  Alfred has access to 15 acres of pasturage and the spring harvest resulted a terrible fodder value
  (12/acre), he has 15*12*100 = 18000NU of available pasturage. This is (18000/25920) = 69% of his
  requirements. Therefore, at this time he has 2.07 cows, 4.14 pigs and 8.28 chickens that survived the
  season. Use percentile dice to round these fractions to whole numbers.
  Of course, if there is other sources of food available, it can be used to supplement the feeding of the
  animals. Note that any newborns are not taken into account for this purpose. It should also be noted
  that in normal circumstances there is going to be much more pasturage available than needed, so in
  most cases this step can be safely skipped.
  The next step of this phase is to increase the ages of all the surviving animals by one. This is impor-
  tant in determining the next step - births.
  To determine the number of new births, make the appropriate rolls on the Reproduction Table. Mod-
  ify the Crit Die by the autumn harvest’s Season Modiﬁer. Each type of animal being bred needs to be
  checked for using an agricultural skill applicable to the animal. Take the result from the table and
  multiply it by the number of eligible females of the species. The result is then the number of viable
  births for that species in this season. If there are any fractions remaining, roll a d10 to determine if
  an extra birth is made.
  The number of eligible females is equal to all the females of the species in the indicated age group.
  The maximum number of eligible females is equal to the "FM Ratio" multiplied by the number of
  (viable) males of the species. The number of viable males is also limited by age group.
  For example, Harold the serf has 7 pigs, two male and the rest female, all of breeding age. The Sea-
  son Modiﬁer is +1 and Harold rolls a Success/3 on Animal Husbandry: Pig Raising. Giv en the +1
  SM, this results in 2.5*5, or 12.5 piglets. Harold then rolls an extra d10 (an 8) to determine that he
  misses out on an extra piglet and settles for 12 new piglets.
  The sex of the newborns is determined by using the %age Male entry for each species. Multiply the
  number of newborns by the approprite value to determine the number of males. Use percentile dice
  to determine fractions. The remainder are females.
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  For example, of the 12 new piglets, 25% are male. That is 3 are male and the remaining 9 are female.
  Pasture Livestock
  Up until this time, and livestock kept over winter has had to be fed from fodder gathered from the
  previous year. There is now enough vegetation available to be able to turn the animals out onto the
  pasture.
  This is also the time to check how many animals survived the winter. Use the process described in
  Meadow Livestock to determine the number of livestock still alive, except use the NU per winter col-
  umn of the Animal Table to determine the amount of NU’s required.
  Similarly, at the end of this period (late April, immediately before the harvest), if there hasn’t been
  enough food for the people of the holding, the number of survivors needs to be calculated. Be aware
  that when it becomes obvious that people are going to run out of food, they will most likely attempt
  to do something about it: like hunting, foraging, theft or buying of supplies. After the number of
  deaths have been determined, reduce the population accordingly, ﬁrst by depleting the oldest and then
  the youngest and then the rest.
  Alternatively, the amount of food required (by people and livestock) and that available can be tracked
  on a monthly basis. If there is a shortfall in food at the end of any month, determine the number of
  deaths and implement the effects immediately. For realism, the deaths may occur sometime during
  the next month, rather than being bunched up on the last day of the current month. This will also
  reﬂect the fact that man and beast can survive for some time without food.
  Planting
  There are two planting seasons: the autumn planting and the spring planting. The autumn planting
  happens in October and consists of wheat and rye. The spring planting has barley and oats and
  occurs in March. The spring planting is also the time for the crofts to be planted.
  Different crops require a differing amount of seed.
  Crop 
  Seed
  wheat 
  1 bu/acre
  rye 
  2 bu/acre
  garden 
  3 bu/croft
  barley
  2 bu/acre
  oats 
  3 bu/acre
  The time required for one man to plant the seed is 1 day per bushel. Five man-days are needed for
  each croft to be planted. It should be assumed that seed for the croft has been saved from the previ-
  ous season, or gathered from bought foodstuffs.
  The "(Planting)" entry indicates that planting may begin, once the other activities for that month have
  been completed.
  Plough
  Before a crop can be planted, the land has to be Ploughed.
  The time required to Plough a ﬁeld is presented in the following table.
  Equipment 
  Time Required
  2-8 Oxen, 2 men, Plough
  1 day/acre
  2-8 Draught Horses, 2 men, Plough
  1 day/acre
  1 man, hoes/etc
  40 days/acre
  1 man, hoes/etc
  5 days/croft
  The variable number of oxen or draught horses is due to the varying quality of land that is to be pre-
  pared. The best available land only requires two beasts, while the worst requires a full team of eight.
  Failure to use the full number of beasts required will cause injury to the animals that are used.
  The "(Plough)" entries indicate that ploughing may occur if conditions permit. For example, plough-
  ing may only occur in January if the ground isn’t still frozen. While in May, there are more
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  important activities that must be completed before the ploughing can begin.
  Prune Vineyards
  This is the time to cut grape vines to encourage grape production. A similar activity is required for
  any fruit growing acreage. Each acre requires 3 man days to be correctly attended to.
  Shear Sheep
  Any sheep that have survived over the winter may now be sheared. Twelve (12) sheep can be sheared
  by one man in a day.
  Slaughter
  This is the time of year that each holding takes stock of the number of animals it has as well as how
  many it can afford to feed over the coming four cold months. Those animals that can’t be fed as well
  as those that are needed to feed the holding owners are killed and preserved. Preservation involves
  either salting the meat, drying it or smoking it.
  Salting requires 1 pound of salt for every 4 pounds of ﬂesh to be salted. Time required is 1 man-day
  per 200 pounds of ﬂesh.
  Drying merely requires racks to hold the ﬂesh. Loading the racks takes 1 man-day per 400 pounds of
  ﬂesh, while the drying process takes an extra two weeks.
  Smoking requires smoke houses and wood to fuel them. Preparing the smoke houses takes 1 man-
  day per 400 pounds of ﬂesh and the smoking process takes half a day.
  See the animal table to determine how much ﬂesh each beast will yield. Also, some animals are
  spared until December to be used in the festivities.
  Thresh/Store
  Any grain that is to be kept over the winter is stored. This requires the grain to separated from the
  stalks (which can then be used as winter fodder). For every bushel of grain threshed, there are four
  bushels of fodder (straw) obtained.
  One man can thresh 20 bushels of grain (and the associated 80 bushels of straw) in a day.
  Vat Grapes
  There are two activities that may occur during this period. The ﬁrst is the preparation of grapes for
  the production of wine, and the second is the preparation of barley for the production of beer. (These
  rules will use the term "beer", but bear in mind that this also includes "ale", "stout" and, depending
  on the period of your campain, "lager".)
  Normally, the type of beverage that is likely to be produced is going to be heavily (if not totally)
  determined by the region that the farm is located. Some regions will be exclusively wine producers,
  others will only have stout, and yet others have to make do with beer.
  Any grapes that are available are harvested at this time. Each acre requires 10 man-days to harvest.
  The grapes are crushed to produce the grape juice that is used for wine production, with the solid
  waste being used for "garden" fodder (at 150NU/bu). Depending on locality, this extraction can
  range from the festive stamping to crushing with close ﬁtting boards in barrels. The average time for
  crushing is 20bu per day per man.
  Any barley that is to be used for beer production needs to be spread out, usually on the ﬂoor of spe-
  cially build barns, to be gently air dried. At the appropriate time the barley grains have malted and
  are ready to be crushed to extract the malt. The average time to spread the barley is 50bu per day per
  man. The barley requires approximately 1 week to malt. Of coarse, the available ﬂoor space is going
  to limit the amount of barley that can be malted. Each bushel of barley requires 10 square feet of
  ﬂoorspace. Therefore, a 15’ by 30’ barn (the wooden ﬂoored loft is usually used) will hold (15 x
  30)/10 = 45bu of barley grain. Note that the same barn can be used four times in the available
  amount of time.
  The quality and quantity of malt that is able to be extracted from the partly germinated barley grains
  is incorporated into the ﬁnal Brewing skill check. The Brewing skill is equivalent to the Winemaking
  skill for DF and attribute bonuses. Unlike the Winemaking skill, the Brewing skill is focused on pro-
  ducing drinkable quantities of beer. Check the Brewing skill for each brewer on the following table.
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  The amount of barley being used by the brewer must be determined before the roll. The table deter-
  mines how much usable wort is extracted and fermented into drinkable beer as well as the quality of
  the ﬁnished product.
  Brewing Roll
  Gallons/Bushel 
  Quality
  Success 10
  30 
  Very Good
  Success 
  8-9
  25 
  Good
  Success 
  3-7
  20 
  Satisfactory
  Success 
  1-2
  15 
  Satisfactory
  Failure 
  9-10
  10 
  Drinkable
  Failure 
  4-8
  5
  Drinkable
  Failure 
  1-3
  0
  -
  The quality of the wine produced is determined in the Wine Barrelled step. The quantity of juice
  extracted is 10 gallons per bushel.
  Wine Barrelled
  After the grape juice has been placed in the vats, it is prepared (adding yeast and other important
  steps) and left to stand for a month or so. After this time the juice has converted to wine and is
  placed in barrels. Note that medieval wine was not left to ferment for long. Thus the alcohol content
  remained low and much of the goodness (and sweetness) of the grapes remained. Of course, some
  places (mainly monastaries) took the time and effort to make wine that was more than alcoholic
  grape juice.
  Similarly, the beer that has been sitting around in vats is also placed into barrells.
  The time for these operations should be approximately 1 day per 50 gallons. This is also the time to
  make a Winemaking skill check to determine the quality of the wine produced.
  Yield
  This roll will generate two values: the ﬁrst is the amount of fodder that each acre of pasturage will
  produce, and the second is the Season Modiﬁer (SM) that is applied to the agricultural rolls that are
  made at harvest time.
  At each harvest (May and August) 1D10 is rolled for each required region. That roll plus the values
  from the previous two harvests are added together to obtain a value from 3 to 30 that is used as the
  index on the following table.
  Roll 
  Fodder (bu/acre) 
  Season Modiﬁer (SM)
  3-6 
  12
  -5
  7-10 
  16
  -3
  11-14 
  18
  -1
  15-18 
  20
  0
  19-22 
  21
  +1
  23-26 
  22
  +3
  27-30 
  24
  +5
  At harvest time, each character that is growing crops needs to determine how successful the season
  has been. Roll on the following table for each crop (just once for Garden Crops). The skill used is
  speciﬁc to the crop being determined. For example, use Field Crops for wheat, rye, barley, oats; Gar-
  den Crops for garden crops; etc. For each roll, add the Season Modiﬁer (SM) to the Crit Die. For
  Vine crops, use the Orchard column.
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  Harvest Roll
  Crit Die
  Yield
  Success 
  Failure
  Description 
  Wheat
  Rye
  Barley 
  Oats
  Garden 
  Orchard
  bu/acre
  bu/acre
  bu/acre
  bu/acre
  bu/croft 
  bu/acre
  1- 
  Disasterous
  2
  2
  2
  5
   0
  0
  2,3 
  Terrible 
  4
  4
  4
  6
   0
  1
  4,5 
  Awful 
  5
  6
  6
  7
   0
  1
  -4,-3 
  6,7
  Very Poor
  6
  8
  8
  8
   2
  2
  -2 
  8
  Poor 
  7
  10 
  10
  9
  4
   2
  -1,0 
  9,10
  Below Average 
  8
  12 
  12 
  10
  6
  3
  1 to 4  
  11 to 14
  Average 
  8
  14 
  14 
  11
  8
  3
  5
  15
  Above Average 
  9
  15 
  15 
  11
  9
  3
  6
  Good 
  10
  16 
  16 
  12
  10 
  4
  7
  Very Good
  12 
  17 
  17 
  12
  12 
  4
  8
  Fine 
  14
  18 
  18 
  13
  14 
  4
  9
  Excellent 
  16
  19 
  19 
  13
  16 
  5
  10+ 
  Bountiful
  18 
  20 
  20 
  14
  20 
  5
  If a character’s crops are part of an open ﬁeld, then the harvest is going to be inﬂuenced by the deci-
  sions of all involved. To reﬂect this, if the character fails the farming roll he adds +2 to the Crit Die.
  If the roll was successful, he must reduce the Crit Die by 1, to a minimum of 1.
  Food Requirments
  The following table presents the types of food various animal groups require to feed on. NU require-
  ments for animals are presented in the Animal Table. For humans, either use the values from the
  GM Handbook or assume an average of 3000NU per person per year (or 250/person/month),
  depending on the number of people to be accounted for.
  Diet (usual)
  Human 
  wheat, rye, barley (beer), garden, meat
  Horses, Mules, etc†
  oats, hay, forage
  Pig 
  barley, oats, forage
  Sheep 
  hay, straw, forage
  Goats 
  barley, oats, hay, straw, forage
  Chickens 
  barley, oats, garden, forage
  Cattle 
  hay, straw, forage
  † Horses require half of their NU intake to be in the form of oats.
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  Food Value
  The following table gives a summary of the uses various products can be put to.
  Crop 
  NU/Bu
  Use
  Wheat 
  240
  food
  Rye 
  180
  food
  Barley
  180 
  beer, edible, pigs
  Oats 
  270
  horses, pigs, edible
  Hay 
  150
  horses, sheep
  Straw
  90
  horses, sheep
  Garden Crops
  150 
  food, pigs
  Wheat
  Wheat is the preferred grain source. Not only does it taste better than the other grains, it will get a
  good price in the event of a surplus. The ﬂour made from wheat will produce the best bread, but it
  can also be boiled and eaten as a sort of grainy porridge. The lower down the social structure you
  are, the more likely that it’ll be eaten this way, so as to avoid paying to have it ground into ﬂour.
  Rye This grain is famous for the sour rye breads. Unlike wheat, this is the only way it is eaten.
  Barley
  The primary purpose of growing barley is to make beer. It can also be eaten as a porridge, but that is
  an experience best left for dire emergencies. The waste from the beer making process, as well as the
  unprocessed grain can be used as pig food.
  Oats As well as food for horses (especially warhorses), this grain can also be had as a porridge, though
  that tends to be a regional characteristic. Mostly it is reserved as an animal food.
  Hay Hay is the dried grass gathered from the meadow. It is essential for the well being of livestock over
  the winter period, as well as being easily cultivated.
  Straw
  Straw is the stalks of the grain crops, and is used as bedding as well as a supplement to hay.
  Garden Crops
  This general category covers various vegetables and legumes which compare poorly to their modern
  counterparts. They are a welcome addition to an otherwise bland diet, but, due to the cost in labour
  to produce, are unable to be a major source of sustinence for the average diet.
  Version 1.11
  
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  Animal Table
  Lifespan 
  NU per
  Animal 
  (yrs)
  day month season winter FM Ratio Meat (lbs) Total NU
  Calf 
  (3)
  14 
  420
  3360 
  1680
  -
  100 
  400
  Cow
  20
  29
  870 
  6960
  3480 
  20
  510 
  2040
  Bull/Ox 
  20
  45 
  1350
  10800 
  5400
  -
  1200 
  4800
  Heavy Warhorse 
  25
  50 
  1500
  12000 
  6000
  10 
  -
  -
  Medium Warhorse 
  25
  45 
  1350
  10800 
  5400
  10 
  -
  -
  Light Warhorse 
  25
  40 
  1200
  9600 
  4800
  10 
  -
  -
  Light Arabian
  25 
  36
  1080 
  8640
  4320 
  10
  -
  -
  Light Riding Horse
  25 
  36
  1080 
  8640
  4320 
  10
  -
  -
  Pony
  25
  33
  990 
  7920
  3960 
  10
  -
  -
  Draught Horse
  25 
  25
  750 
  6000
  3000 
  10
  -
  -
  Mule 
  15
  15 
  450
  3600 
  1800
  -
  -
  -
  Medium Mule
  15 
  20
  600 
  4800
  2400 
  -
  -
  -
  Pig 
  16
  9
  270 
  2160
  1080 
  10
  45 
  180
  Ewe 
  10
  8
  240 
  1920
  960 
  20
  36 
  108
  Ram 
  10
  9
  270 
  2160
  1080 
  -
  54 
  162
  Goat 
  10
  5
  150 
  1200
  600 
  20
  18 
  54
  Chicken 
  5
  1
  30
  240 
  120
  24 
  3
  12
  Reproduction Table
  Breeding 
  %age
  Failure
  Success
  Animal 
  Age
  Male
  1- 
  2-3
  4-5 
  6-7 
  8-9 
  10+
  1- 
  2-3
  4-5 
  6-7 
  8-9 
  10+
  Horse 
  2-12
  50
  0
  0
  0.1 
  0.4 
  0.6
  0.8 
  0.8
  0.8 
  1
  1
  1
   1
  Cattle 
  3-15
  30
  0
  0
  0.1 
  0.4 
  0.6
  0.8 
  0.8
  0.8 
  1
  1
  1
   1
  Pig 
  1-4
  25
  0.2 
  0.4
  0.6 
  1 
  1.2
  1.5 
  2
  2.2 
  2.5
  3
  3.5 
  4
  Sheep 
  1-7
  20
  0.2 
  0.3
  0.4 
  0.5 
  0.6
  0.7 
  0.8
  1
  1.2 
  1.4 
  1.6
  1.8
  Goat 
  1-6
  20
  0.2 
  0.3
  0.4 
  0.5 
  0.6
  0.7 
  0.8
  1
  1.2 
  1.4 
  1.6
  1.8
  Chicken 
  1-3
  5
  0.8 
  1
  1.2 
  1.5
  2
  2.5 
  3
  3.2 
  3.4 
  3.6 
  3.8
  4
  
  Season Modiﬁer Form
  Year 
  Previous
  May 
  August 
  May 
  August 
  May 
  August 
  May 
  August
  1D10
  SM 
  —
  —
  Crop Form
  Time (man-days)
  Crop 
  Acres 
  Plough
  Plant 
  Y/acre
  Total 
  Y/acre
  Total 
  Y/acre
  Total
  Annual Requirement Form
  Food 
  Fodder 
  Feed 
  Keep 
  Food 
  Fodder 
  Feed 
  Keep 
  Food 
  Fodder 
  Feed 
  Keep
  People 
  Cattle, etc 
  Animals
  People 
  Cattle, etc 
  Animals
  People 
  Cattle, etc 
  Animals
  Wheat
  —
  —
   
  —
  —
   
  —
  —
  Rye
  —
  —
   
  —
  —
   
  —
  —
  Barley
  —
  —
  —
  Oats
  Hay
  —
  —
  —
  —
  —
  —
  Straw
  —
  —
  —
  —
  —
  —
  Garden
  —
  —
  —
  Beer/
  —
  —
   
  —
  —
   
  —
  —
  Wine
  Meat
  —
  —
   
  —
  —
   
  —
  —
  Total
  (NU)
  Required
  (NU)
  Fodder: For cattle, horses, sheep; Feed: For pigs, chickens, goats
  
  Livestock Form
  Year
  NU per
  Total NU
  Total NU
  Total NU
  Animal 
  S
  W
  Sex 
  CountxAge 
  (S/W) 
  CountxAge 
  (S/W) 
  CountxAge 
  (S/W)
  M
  F
  M
  F
  M
  F
  M
  F
  M
  F
  M
  F
  M
  F
  M
  F
  M
  F
  M
  F
  M
  F
  M
  F
  
  Monthly Requirment Form
  Jan
  Feb 
  Mar
  Apr
  May 
  Jun 
  Jul 
  Aug 
  Sep
  Oct 
  Nov
  Dec
  Wheat 
  Used
  NU
  Remain
  Rye
  Used
  NU
  Remain
  Barley 
  Used
  NU
  Remain
  Oats 
  Used
  NU
  Remain
  Hay 
  Used
  NU
  Remain
  Straw 
  Used
  NU
  Remain
  Garden 
  Used
  NU
  Remain
  Beer/ 
  Used
  Wine 
  NU
  Remain
  Meat 
  Used
  NU
  Remain
  Used
  Nu
  Remain
  Used
  Nu
  Remain
  Used
  Nu
  Remain
  Food 
  Require
  Total
  Fodder 
  Require
  Total
  Feed 
  Require
  Total
  
SOURCE: textdata/thevault/_GM Books/World Building & Game Design/Game Mastering and Design/Medieval Agriculture.pdf