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  WITH DRAWINGS AND TEXT BY 
  LUIS ESCOBAR 
   
  ADDITION ART BY EVAN LEWIS  
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Copyright 2013 by Luis Escobar 
   
  All rights are reserved.  
  V. 1.0 
  No parts of this book may be used or reproduced in any 
   format without permission from the author. 
   
   
  www.luisescobarblog.com 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  v 
  TABLE OF CONTENTS 
   
   
  Introduction: How Drawing is like Kung fu   
   
   
   
   
   
   1 
   
  BEGINNING LEVEL LESSONS  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   5 
   
  Choose Your Practice Weapons: What drawing equipment you need for now.  
   7 
  Lesson 1: How drawing is like writing – The A, B, Cs -Lines. 
   
   
   
  11 
  Lesson 2: How drawing is like writing – Sentences, Basic Shapes  
   
   
  18 
  Lesson 3: Basic design: Stick figure, WITH STYLE!  
   
   
   
   
  27 
  Lesson 4: The Secret of Tracing like a Pro – Basic under drawing techniques.  
  50 
  Lesson 5: Design Simple Cartoon Characters from Flat Shapes  
   
   
  65 
   
  BONUS LESSONS  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  77 
   
  Unicorn Style – How Simple Color Theory Helps Design.   
   
   
   
  79 
  Designing Super Basic Composition    
   
   
   
   
   
   
  91 
  Formulas – An Introduction to Drawing Shorthand  
   
   
   
           100 
   
  EXTRAS: THOUGHTS AND STORIES  
   
   
   
   
   
           107 
   
  The Mysteries of Drawing Talent Revealed  
   
   
   
   
           108 
  Stages of a Developing Artist 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
           110 
   
   
   
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
   
   
  Introduction : How Drawing is like Kung Fu  
    
  The reasons you do not draw. 
   
   “I can’t draw a straight line.” 
  “I can’t even draw a good stick figure.” 
  “Artists are so lucky that they’ve got the talent to 
  draw.” 
  I’ve heard all the excuses in the book on why you 
  can’t draw. 
  I’m here to tell you right now, that that’s all they 
  are, EXCUSES. 
  The truth is, you’re afraid. Afraid to fail. Afraid of 
  being laughed at. Afraid of being mocked. Afraid 
  of WHAT YOU DON’T KNOW. 
  Well guess what? Here, you learn what you don’t 
  know. Here, you will be shown the steps. Here, 
  you will discard your fear. 
  “But I have no TALENT for drawing!” 
  I’m here to tell you that talent, TRUE natural drawing talent, is only good for one 
  thing: 
  Making you WANT to draw more. 
  But a person with less talent or no talent, can usually end up drawing better than 
  someone with natural talent simply by working at it.  
  
   
   
  The Problem with Talent 
  Since drawing comes easy for the talented, they often rely on it like a crutch. 
  Talent can often be a fatal drawing flaw. I’ve seen talented artists become 
  stagnant and never improve because they rely on their talent too much. 
  Some talented people when confronted with a need to improve their skills, quit 
  when they realize that it’s difficult and requires work. They think they shouldn’t 
  HAVE to work at it. After all, they’re talented. 
  Worse of all, some talented people think they’re the BEST draftsmen out there, 
  and when they come face to face with draftsmen who are better, they simply quit, 
  rather than work at improving. 
  This is where a person with less talent or no talent has an advantage. They’ve 
  never had it easy, so the work is part of the drawing experience. Something they 
  take for granted. 
  The reasons you CAN draw 
  Drawing is a learnable skill. It’s a skill with 
  teachable methods that work. All you have to do 
  is learn those methods, practice them and that’s 
  it. 
  Drawing is like writing, like playing an 
  instrument, like learning to dance,…like Kung 
  Fu. 
  Why Kung Fu is like drawing 
   
  The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines KUNG FU as: 
  “any of various Chinese martial arts and related disciplines that are practiced 
  especially for self-defense, exercise, and spiritual growth.” 
  
   
   
  3 
  This is NOT the definition that I want to use here. The definition that best fits what I 
  was taught when I learned Kung Fu is much more like the following one I found in 
  Wikipedia: 
  “Kung fu, gongfu, or gung fu (功夫, Pinyin: gōngfu) is a Chinese term 
  referring to any study, learning, or practice that requires patience, energy, 
  and time to complete, often used in the West to refer to Chinese martial 
  arts, also known as Wushu.  
  …In its original meaning, KUNG FU can refer to any skill achieved through 
  hard work and practice, not necessarily martial” 
  THIS definition of Kung Fu sounds much more like drawing. Kung Fu can roughly 
  be translated as “hard work”. This means, ANY skill that requires work in order to 
  improve it, can be labelled Kung Fu. 
  You can learn all the principles of drawing very easily. To get good at it though, 
  you need to practice them.  Just like you did when you learned to write. 
  Conditioning 
  Conditioning your body is the first thing you do when you’re preparing to learn 
  Kung Fu (the martial art). You prepare your body slowly in order to handle the 
  physical skills you’ll begin to learn. 
  It’s no different when learning to draw. The conditioning only looks different. You 
  condition your arm, wrists, hands, and fingers to do what you want them to do. 
  This results in good hand, eye coordination. Which results in making you capable 
  of getting the drawing results you want. 
  A Kung Fu master doesn’t teach you the most complex moves right off the bat. He 
  helps you learn them in small digestible steps so that they slowly become 
  internalized and become automatic. 
  Drawing is the same way. You practice the small basic stuff and those things 
  slowly become part of how you think. 
  Drawing is easy 
  Enough talk, let’s draw! 
  
   
   
  Drawing is easy. Drawing GREAT is difficult and takes work. At this stage, you 
  simply want to feel comfortable drawing. The lessons in this book will help you do 
  just that. Never again will you feel like you don’t know what you’re doing when it 
  comes to drawing. 
  So you can’t draw a stick figure or a straight line?  When you draw, does it look 
  like a mentally deranged monkey made your pencil vomit on the page? Do you 
  have to write what you’re supposed to draw on DRAW SOMETHING? Do you 
  want to hang your head in shame because the three year old sitting next to you is 
  drawing circles around you? 
  Well you’ve come to the right place. 
  By the time you finish the lessons in this book, you will be able to draw appealing 
  drawings and characters. You won’t be Michelangelo (the artist not the turtle), but 
  you’re not TRYING to be. 
  You’ll be able to draw for the first time ever! And that’s all these lessons are here 
  to teach you. 
  It’s that three year old’s turn to hang his head in shame!  
  So Let us Get Our Draw Fu On! 
  
   
   
  5 
   
   
   
   
   
  Beginning Level 
  Lessons 
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Is there a right way to draw? 
   
  Is there a right way to draw? 
   
  The answer is, "yes and no." 
   
  It really depends on what your goals are. 
   
  If you draw for the pure joy and fun of drawing, then the answer is no. You can draw whatever 
  and whichever way you want. 
   
  It's like writing. If you enjoy doing it. Enjoy writing in a journal or in a blog, just for fun, even if 
  no one will read it, there is no wrong way to do it. 
   
  You do it, you enjoy it, that's it. 
  No right, no wrong, no worries. 
   
  BUT if there's a goal you're after. A special style you want to achieve. A certain level of skill you 
  want to ascertain, or if you simply want to draw professionally, then yes, there is a right and 
  wrong way to draw. 
   
  By right way and wrong way, I mean there are principles, approaches and methods that have 
  been developed over hundreds of years that help get you the results you want. These tools, if 
  used, provide ways to best express and communicate what you want to say with a drawing. 
   
  These principles and methods are, by no means, dogmatic absolutes. 
   
  Again, take writing as an example. There's a such thing as proper grammar that one must learn in 
  order to write clearly in order to express ones thoughts. YET, there are many times when a author 
  of a book writes sentence fragments for effect. Sometimes they misspells words, in dialogue, in 
  order to capture dialects or slang. 
   
  They do this knowing they're "breaking" the rules of grammar, but they do it for a good reason. 
   
  That's what drawing is like. You learn the conventions of good draftsmanship and then you use 
  and abuse them for effect. Knowing that you're "doing it wrong." 
   
  So is there a right way to draw? Yes there is...and no, there isn't. 
   
  
   
   
  7 
   
  Before we Begin, Choose Your Practice Weapons:  
  What drawing equipment you need in order to start 
  drawing. 
  “The grace to be a beginner is always the best prayer for an artist. The beginner’s 
  humility and openness lead to exploration. Exploration leads to accomplishment. 
  All of it begins at the beginning, with the first small and scary step.” ~Julia 
  Cameron 
  The Secret Weapons of Good Drawings 
  I know what you’re thinking, 
  “To even start drawing, I have to 
  have all those tools that artists have. 
  I don’t even know what I need.  
  What should I buy? How is it used?  
  I don’t know about pencils and 
  papers and pens. It seems so 
  expensive. I don’t have the money 
  to be able to learn to draw.” 
  Draftsmen walk around with, “The 
  Arsenal.”  You know the one. It’s a 
  special little art box or bag where, 
  when opened, you see all kinds of 
  strange pencils, markers, pens, brushes and even razor blades. These are 
  weapons the draftsmen use to practice their art. 
  Not too far from that, is “The Tome.”  You know it by it’s more common name, “The 
  Sketchbook.”  The book of secrets all artists carry around and whip out when the 
  whim attacks. 
  Here, I will tell you the secret weapons that all draftsmen use to do what they need 
  to do.  You will learn the answer to what you should use to get good at drawing. 
  
   
   
  Behold the Ultimate Drawing Weapons 
  The mystery revealed. 
  Below is a list of ALL the tools you REALLY need to learn to start drawing 
  BEHOLD the super expensiveness of learning to draw. Here are the tools you 
  need to buy: 
  1. Regular Pencils- Like the ones you used in school.  Or just look around the 
  house for ANY pencil you use to write with.  It will be fine. If you have a 
  mechanical pencil, that’s fine too. 
  2. Pencil Sharpener- To sharpen your pencils with. 
  3. An Eraser- The pink kind will do for now. If your pencils have erasers, use 
  those but sometimes they run down too fast. There are better erasers out 
  there than the pink ones but really it doesn’t matter for you right now. As long 
  as it erases without smudging everything, it’s cool! 
  4. Some Ballpoint Pens- The cheaper the better. They feel like pencils and 
  control like pencils, but you can’t erase. They’re my favorite to sketch with.  
  You really don’t need anything fancy. 
  5. Paper-If it’s blank it’s good. If it’s NOT blank, it’s STILL good.  Newspaper? 
  Fine. Line Paper? Fine. Yellow notepads? Fine. Sticky note? Fine. 
  Construction Paper? Fine. It doesn’t matter. If you can draw on it. It’s fine. 
  As you can see, I was being sarcastic when I said this was expensive.  Whatever 
  you have around the house that you use to write with, can also be used to draw 
  with. You DON’T need fancy drawing supplies. 
  Use what you have on hand. You don’t have to buy anything. 
  Okay, having said ALL THAT…I WILL be talking about color later on. This means 
  you might want to get a hold of something to color with in order to do the exercises 
  What you might need is: Crayons, Water colors, or Color pencils. 
  None of those things should be very expensive to get (if you live in the U.S., you 
  can get this stuff at a dollars store). Just make sure that they have the colors: Red, 
  Blue, Yellow, Green, Orange and Purple. 
  I will mention Color pencils in the “tracing” lesson so, just a heads up.  You don’t 
  NEED them but they are an option. 
  
   
   
  9 
  If you plan to take this serious and you’re planning to do the stuff in the next Level 
  book once you’re done with this beginning Level, you can purchase the tools I 
  recommend at THAT level.  Be careful not to jump the gun! 
  There isn’t a reason to, at this point. 
  The Myth of Tools 
  Here’s the truth: It’s not the tools used that makes a good drawing- it’s the skill of 
  the draftsman.   
  Give a great draftsman a box of crayons and his drawings will still be awesome. 
  My Kung Fu teacher once did a weekend workshop where he simply taught 
  general, “less flowery” self defense. In that workshop we learned all kinds a very 
  practical things. Including. how to protect ourselves with a rolled up magazine and 
  how to use a pack of bubble gum as a weapon. 
  No joke. 
  Ever watch Jackie Chan movies? Ever notice that when he gets in a fight in those 
  movies and doesn’t have a weapon, he uses anything that’s on hand? Chairs, 
  decorative antlers, shopping carts, pool sticks, a refrigerator door, a rope with a 
  horseshoe on it, an umbrella, a ladder…etc. Those aren’t weapons until he uses 
  them like one. 
  What did the great Renaissance masters have? Markers? Brush pens? 
  Mechanical pencils? 
  No, they just had crummy brushes, paints they made themselves, quills and ink 
  and rudimentary pencils. Yet, with these tools they did so much. 
  The point is, don’t worry about the tools. Don’t worry about getting the perfect set 
  of really expensive pencils and a fancy sketchbook. The first thing you need to do 
  is get used to making the pencils and pens do what you need them to do. 
  You can worry about getting better equipment once you feel comfortable enough 
  with your drawing that you feel you’re ready for more. 
  
   
   
  Your Exercise 
  Go around your home and look for any pens, pencils and paper that you can find.  
  These are your drawing supplies.  Use them to start drawing. 
  Pro Tip 
  ONLY buy expensive paper when you’re actually going to use it for finished 
  drawing. For the most part, find the cheapest paper you can find and draw on 
  that.  You’re going to be drawing a LOT and none of it will be all that pretty.  The 
  more fancy the paper, the more precious you will become with what you do. Don’t 
  be precious. Simply draw and know you’ll probably throw away that paper and 
  your drawings when you’re done. 
  You’ll end up learning more when you’re under less pressure to do something 
  fancy on fancy paper. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  11 
  Lesson 1: How Drawing can be as easy for you as 
  Writing: The A, B, Cs. 
  “Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication” –Leonardo Da Vinci  
   
   
  There truly is no reason to 
  be embarrassed about your 
  drawing skills, especially 
  since you’ve been drawing 
  all this time and never knew 
  it. 
  In this chapter, you’ll learn 
  to become confident and 
  control what you put down 
  on a page. 
  Imagine you’re at the dinner 
  table and you pick up a napkin, take out a pen, and begin to doodle. Your dinner 
  companions take a look at what you’re doing and are actually impressed: 
  “That’s cool, I can’t even draw a straight line!” 
  By the time you’re done with this lesson, you’ll be able to produce some pretty cool 
  drawings and your friends will never even realize you’re practicing. 
  Won’t that be something? Are you ready to begin? 
  Let’s get to it. 
  Drawing is like Writing 
  Handwriting is basically drawing symbols on a page. 
  The art of calligraphy really makes this statement even more obvious. 
  You’ve been practicing writing for so many years that it’s become second nature. 
  You put the symbols (a.k.a letters) on the page in order to create words, which are 
  themselves symbols. 
  
   
   
  The truth is, just as words can be broken down into the letters that make them up, 
  drawings can be broken down into the “letters” or symbols that create them. 
  The symbols just happen to be much more elaborate which can make them look 
  complicated, but all drawings can be broken down into much more basic 
  components. 
  The simple A, B, Cs of Drawing 
  All good drawing is made up of three kinds of lines: 
   Straights 
   “C” curves 
   “S” curves 
    
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  You know how to do everyone one of these lines. You’ve been doing them for 
  years without really noticing. 
  When you write a date with dashes or slashes, you’re drawing little straight lines. 
  You even do it when you write a check after you hand write a dollar amount and 
  put a straight line at the end. 
  Anytime you write a “C” you’re drawing a “C” curve. 
  The same goes with “S”s and “S” curves. The only real difference is the length or 
  size of these lines. 
  
   
   
  13 
  The trick to drawing is simply deciding what line you’re going to use and where. 
  When drawing a cartoon, when drawing from life, when drawing ANYTHING, 
  before you put down any kind of stroke, consciously decide which line you’re going 
  to put down. 
  This is counter intuitive at first, but the point is to make you aware of it so that you 
  can get used to it. Once you do this enough times, it will become second nature, 
  just like when you write words. 
  An Example of How Lines are Used 
  Animated cartoons are some of the best ways to see these types of lines applied. 
  In the 90s, there were a few popular superhero cartoons that used what is now 
  called the “Bruce Timm style”. This style is one of the best styles to see the lines 
  I’ve just mentioned applied. 
  Here’s a sample of what the style was like and how the lines can be seen: 
   
   
   
  
   
   
  Because cartoons have to be simplified so much, they lend themselves to the 
  study of lines. 
  Your Exercise 
  Here’s an exercise you can do anywhere that will help you gain confidence and 
  help you get the right hand-eye coordination. 
  Draw a box or a rectangle (really the shape doesn’t matter), then simply draw 
  straight lines inside the shape, 
  in any direction you want. Do 
  as many as you want. 
  Something like the drawing 
  here on the left 
   
  Looks like an abstract piece of 
  modern art doesn’t it? 
   
   
  If you get tired of doing these, 
  you can start doing it with the 
  “C” curves. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Or the “S” curves. 
  
   
   
  15 
   
   
  Hey, you can even use all 
  three lines in 
  combination. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Darken in some of the 
  shapes. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Or even add color. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  The point is to have fun while you get comfortable putting lines on paper and 
  making them do what YOU want them to do. In the end, you even end up with 
  some cool drawings. Drawings you can show off to your friends. It’s a win, win. 
  The beauty of this exercise is that you can do it anywhere. During a boring 
  meeting, at lunch, while you watch TV, when you’re on the phone, during a boring 
  class, while you’re driving…well maybe not then but still, it’s versatile. 
  There really isn’t an excuse. It’s easy and fun, so try it out. 
  Trouble? 
  Q: My lines looks all shaky and ugly. Your lines look nice. What am I doing wrong? 
  A: It’s a problem of speed and confidence.  When you write, do you have shaky 
  lines? No, they just look like letters.  It’s because you’re confident in your 
  execution. The same goes with drawing. When you were little and learning to 
  write, your letters looked just as shaky.  The more you do it, the more comfortable 
  you’ll get and the faster you will allow yourself to draw the lines. 
  It’s like doing push ups. At first you can only do so many, but the more you do it, 
  the more you could do, and the better you are at doing them. 
  Pro tip 
  Pay very close attention to this exercise. It may very well be the key to unlocking 
  the secrets of composition, in a more advanced level of drawing. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  17 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
    
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Are you an artist of a draftsman? 
   
  I don't know if you've noticed but I don't really use the term ARTIST in this book very often. Usually, when you'd expect me 
  to use the term, I tend to use the term DRAFTSMAN instead. 
   
  Why do I do this? 
   
  There are two reasons.   
  1. 
  You don't need to be able to draw to be an artist. 
  2. 
  Using the term DRAFTSMAN takes away the "mystery". 
   
  Let me explain myself more clearly... 
  You Don't Need to be Able to Draw to be an Artist 
  Merriam-Webster dictionary defines the term ART as: 
  "4 : the conscious use of skill and creative imagination especially in the production of aesthetic objects; ALSO : works so 
  produced"  
    
  Notice that drawing can be one of the skills, but it's not the ONLY skill that can make you an artist.  You can be an artist 
  and not be able to draw. A musician is as much an artist as a practitioner of Kung Fu. 
   
  This book is not here to teach you to be an artist. It's here to teach you the skill of drawing well.  What you DO with that 
  skill and how you USE it, will make you an artist. 
  Using the Term DRAFTMAN Takes Away the "Mystery" 
   
  The term ART often has the connotation of something highbrow and transcendent. 
   
  When talking about a drawing or a painting as art, it creates a tone of mystery that seems unattainable by "mere mortals". 
   
  Merriam-Webster dictionary defines the term DRAFTSMAN as: 
  "3: an artist who excels in drawing"  
   
  I would modify that definition to: 
  "a PERSON who excels in drawing" 
   
  Drawing is a SKILL. A learn-able, teachable SKILL. The "art" is in it's mastery. 
   
  So I use the term DRAFTSMAN to call to mind the fact that you are indeed learning a skill, not some nebulous 
  transcendent, unattainable thing. 
   
  My point is this: YOU can DO this.  Skills are learn-able and teachable.  Being a good draftsman is an attainable goal. 
   
  Simply keep that in mind and you shouldn't have any more trouble than you would learning any other skill. 
   
  
   
   
  Lesson 2: How Drawing can be as easy for you as 
  Writing Part 2: Shapes are like Words. 
  “I found I could say things with color and shapes that I couldn’t say any other way 
  – things I had no words for.” — Georgia O’Keeffe 
  Confidence is a huge factor in 
  the quality of your work. A lack of 
  confidence will show in your 
  drawings. Confidence comes 
  with practice, and at some point, 
  drawing stops being scary, 
  intimidating or embarrassing. 
  You simply do it. 
  Let me tell you a little secret 
  about drawing: you’ll never be 
  perfect at drawing.  You will 
  simply be more practiced.  
  Those around you who are “less 
  practiced” will see your work and think how perfect it is, but you’ll know that it took 
  practice to get there–and you’ll need more of it to get even better. 
  Hopefully you’re feeling a lot more confident about your work after the last 
  exercise. But I think it’s time to step it up a bit. It’s time to for your drawings to 
  become much more impressive. 
  The following lesson will increase your confidence when you draw. It will also 
  serve as a slight introduction to design, which is the next lesson after this one. 
  Shapes are like Words 
  As all writing is made out of words, so all drawings are made out of shapes. 
  Usually the shapes are modified versions of three basic shapes: 
   Squares 
   Circles 
   Triangles 
  
   
   
  19 
  These shapes are as fundamental as the three basic lines I wrote about in the 
  lesson 1. 
  Though more advanced drawing techniques try to create an illusion of volume and 
  form, that’s all it is, an illusion.  As artists, we work with flat, two dimensional 
  shapes. 
  No matter what level of drawing skill you have, you’ll be drawing some sort of 
  modified version of these shapes. It’s best to get used to drawing them now. 
  These shapes are also useful because of what they symbolize culturally. 
  Depending on the culture, they tend to trigger certain subconscious feelings. 
  Knowing what they are helps you choose what shapes to use in a drawing in order 
  to get certain subconscious emotional reactions in your work. 
  Here’s a very quick rundown of SOME of their meaning in the western world. This 
  is by no means an exhaustive list: 
   Squares symbolize – Stability, honesty, order, rationality, formality, 
  earthbound, dullness, conformity, peacefulness, solidity, security, equality. 
   Circles symbolize – The world, the feminine, protection, endurance, 
  softness, eternity, perfection, community, integrity, safety, connection, 
  energy, power, comfort, sensuality, love, God. 
   Triangles symbolize – Stability AND instability, action, aggression, law, 
  science, religion, The Trinity, masculinity, direction, danger, dynamism, 
  conflict, strength, motion. 
  
   
   
  An Example of How these Shapes Used 
  Examples of these basic shapes can be seen in all graphic design around you. A 
  lot of good art can be done with these basic shapes alone. It’s not about how 
  simple the shapes are but how creative you can be with them. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  The power symbol is simply a circle with a gap and line going in it. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  A target is just a bunch of circles. 
  
   
   
  21 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Simple circle with line going through it can say quite a lot. 
   
   
  You see these in certain kinds of devices.  The pause button is a square with to 
  rectangles (modified squares). And the rewind button is just a square with two 
  triangles. 
   
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  The Caution symbol is a triangle with an upside down triangle, and a circle.  Notice 
  it’s a triangle and what triangles sometimes represent.  
   
   
   
  Here’s a more “complicated” icon. An arrow. It’s a square with a triangle next to it 
  only the connecting lines are erased. 
    
  
   
   
  23 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Your First Exercise –  Draw Patterns 
  You can either do this exercise first or the next exercise first. It doesn’t matter. Do 
  which ever seems most fun. 
  One fun way to practice drawing these shapes is, to not just simply draw them, but 
  come up with fun patterns with them. 
  Big Mistake Beginning Drawing Students AND Drawing Teachers Make. 
   
  What would you think of a baking teacher who taught his students to ice a cake before baking it? 
  What kind of bakers would he end up with? 
   
  Have you noticed that none of the beginning lessons on The Drawing Website teach rending or 
  shading? 
   
  That's because being able to render or shade something doesn't mean you can draw. 
   
  When I was in my high school art class, it was ALL about shading, 
   
  "Here's a still life. Draw it." Everyone would then spend minutes quickly drawing the shapes of the 
  objects on their paper and then spend HOURS and even DAYS shading and shading and shading 
  some more. 
   
  The people who shaded the best where considered the GOOD artists and everyone else...well...they 
  just ended up with ugly smudged looking drawings . 
   
  Never mind the fact that, the "well rendered" drawings where, in fact, poorly drawn. 
   
  Rendering without being able to draw is like putting icing on an unbaked cake. 
   
  I've never understood why some drawing teachers insist on teaching beginning drawing students 
  shading. Nor why some beginning drawing books immediately start you off, teaching you to shade. 
   
  Rendering doesn't make you a good draftsman. If you can't draw something to look three 
  dimensional using lines alone, you should NOT be learning to shade. 
   
  Rending has it's place. Shading has it's place, but it should NOT be something that is taught to 
  beginners. It comes much later when your skills are good enough to realize that it's not about how 
  noodley you can be with your drawings, but about what's needed and not needed to make it work. 
   
  So if you've been wondering why I don’t teach rending in this book, that is why. 
   
  If you happen to have some beginning drawing books that start you off rending, try to hold back for 
  now. It's best to learn to bake the cake and get that right first, BEFORE you put the icing. 
  
   
   
  At first, you may not know what patterns to do. That’s okay. You can go on the 
  internet and Google up some ideas. 
  But don’t worry, I’ve already done that for you. Here’s me copying some patterns I 
  found. Feel free to copy them. Once you’ve done that, you may try to find some 
  yourself. Better yet, come up with some unique patterns yourself.  Who know, 
  maybe you can come up with one that might be sell-able. 
  Pattern making is an art onto itself. 
  The idea here is to have fun while practicing. 
  Okay, so let’s begin with some squares (and rectangles).We can start with a plain 
  old checker board or start off  more advance, like this: 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Then we can go on to circles:  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  25 
  We can try triangles next: 
    
  Just like the exercise in Lesson 1, you can practice drawing these patterns 
  anywhere, as long as you have something to draw on and something to draw with. 
  Your Second Exercise –  Create Symbols 
  Just like patterns, symbols are everywhere. In road signs, on cars, at church, on 
  clothes, on superheroes,…EVERYWHERE. 
  A fun thing to do is to look around for symbols that are made up of the basic 
  shapes we’re learning about and copy them. 
  Better yet, take the three shapes and create your own. Once you copy enough, the 
  ideas kinda start coming on their own. 
  Just mess around and have fun. 
  Here’s some examples I did. Feel free to 
  copy them or modify them to come up 
  with something new 
  These exercises are totally mobile. You 
  can do them anywhere anytime, just for 
  fun. 
  
   
   
  Who knows, you might come up with a great company logo messing around with 
  these shapes. 
  Remember, doing these exercises is simply an excuse to practice drawing. The 
  more you do that, the better, faster and more confident you get. 
  Trouble? 
  Q:  My drawings are just not working. Nothing I draw looks like what I’m copying. 
  Nothing I draw looks like what is in my head! What’s wrong with me? 
  A:  Let me tell you a secret. You’ll never be perfect at drawing these shapes. You’ll 
  simply get better as you do them. 
  I don’t know of any artist that is perfectly happy with any drawing he does. Our 
  drawings never meet our more ambitious expectations. Now that you are 
  becoming a draftsman, you will need to find that place of peace inside yourself that 
  allows you to fail with joy. 
  It’s okay to NOT draw perfect, enjoy the process. THAT is your reward. Eventually, 
  your drawings will start to behave and you will begin getting what you want on the 
  page more often than not. For now, relax, draw and have fun. 
  Pro Tip 
  If you find yourself starting to get bored with these exercises, start drawing 
  pictures with these three shapes. Draw faces on them, create environments, 
  modify them to get the look you want,…stuff like that. 
  These shapes and their more advanced “siblings”, as they are or modified, are the 
  foundation of pretty much every drawing you see. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  27 
  Lesson 3: Stick figures, with style! Basic Design 
  There is no design without discipline. There is no discipline without intelligence. 
  — Massimo Vignelli 
  You know, it’s one thing to 
  make marks, it’s a completely 
  different thing to make those 
  marks interesting to look at. 
   How do you make what you 
  put down look pretty, 
  attractive, cool, appealing? 
  Have you noticed that when 
  you draw a stick figure, it 
  looks like…well…a stick 
  figure. But when a 
  professional draftsman draws 
  a stick figure, it’s kinda cool looking? Why IS that? What do they know that YOU 
  don’t? 
  That’s EXACTLY the right question. They DO know something you don’t. 
  Lucky for you I’M going to tell you exactly what it is. 
  It’s not even that difficult to understand either. 
  It’s design. Very basic design principles. 
  Design is a big topic and it means a lot of different things, to a lot of different 
  people. I’m going to give you a small introduction to design as I was taught design. 
  This will be the view point of design, as it is seen from the eyes of the animation 
  industry. 
  Once you learn these basic principles, you’ll know enough so that when you draw 
  stick figures or anything else from this point on, you will be able to do this with 
  purpose — with a goal in mind by which you can judge your drawing. 
  You’ll be able to look at your drawing and say, “It needs more ‘this’”, or, “a little 
  more ‘that’,” or ,”I think I should  do ‘this’ and it will make it better,” or, “Let me try 
  ‘this’ and see what it will look like…ah yes, much better.” 
  You’ll also know enough so you will be able to look at, say, a cartoon character, 
  and say, 
  
   
   
  “That’s a good design because of ____,” and you can actually learn simply by 
  observing a good design. 
  You’ll ACTUALLY start seeing the world through the eyes of a designer. 
  Are you ready to begin? Let’s do it! 
  Harmonizing Contrast and Balance 
  Design is pretty much any purposeful drawing you put down on paper. 
  Usually, when the word DESIGN is used, that’s what is meant. This is fine. I’ll also 
  use the term this way. 
  BUT what we’re interested with here, is not simply putting purposeful drawings 
  down. We’re interested in putting INTERESTING and APPEALING drawings down 
  on paper. In other words, GOOD design. 
  THE secret to GOOD design is harmonizing contrast and balance  
  What does that mean? It sure SOUNDS lofty. 
  Okay, let’s break it down. 
  WHAT IS CONTRAST? 
  When talking about drawing, contrast is: 
   Dark against light values or lines. 
   Straight lines against  “C” curve or “S” curve lines 
   Big against little shapes 
   Uniform patterns against chaotic marks. 
   A color against its opposite color on the color wheel (more on that in a later 
  lesson) 
  Contrast is good because it adds interest and dynamism to a drawing.  It gives a 
  drawing tension that draws the eye. But it can also be unnerving and just plain 
  ugly. 
   
   
   
  
   
   
  29 
  WHAT IS BALANCE? 
  When talking about drawing, balance is almost what you’d think it is: 
   Making things seem even 
   Placing things on a page so that it doesn’t seem off kilter 
   Making things uniform. 
  Our instinct is to make what we draw balanced and uniform.  Balanced, uniform 
  drawings are automatically appealing to us.  A perfectly uniform and balanced 
  drawing is often seen as an ideal. They can also be VERY boring and 
  uninteresting. 
  Good design is when you deliberately take contrasting things, and you place them 
  together in such a balanced way, that they seem like they BELONG together. In 
  other words, you’ve managed to harmonize them. This causes them to not only be 
  appealing, but interesting as well. 
  A good design works well when you end up with the appeal of balance, and the 
  interest of contrast, without keeping the dullness of balance and the ugliness of 
  contrast. 
  In music, the right balancing of tempo, high notes, slow tempo and low notes 
  creates a harmonious piece of music. 
  In Kung Fu, the right balance of slow contained movement and stops next to quick 
  snappy controlled action, creates the harmonious execution of a Form. 
  In order for this to make ANY kind of sense at all, I have to SHOW you. 
  Let’s take for example, a stick figure: 
  Figure 1 
  The stick figure design in Figure 1 is 
  an “idealized” stick figure. This is the 
  type of stick figure you will see if you 
  Googled “Stick figure” online. 
  There is nothing wrong with it per 
  se. It’s a perfect “symbol” and it’s got 
  its own appeal in being a symbol. 
  It’s also not very interesting as a 
  design. 
  Why? Well, let’s take a look: 
  
   
   
  Figure 1a 
   
  I drew these figures in a grid so I can 
  clearly point out where the stick 
  figures are balanced and where they 
  are not. 
  As you can see here in Figure 1a, all 
  the main parts of the figure are 
  evenly spaced.  The neck, body and 
  legs are all the same proportion as 
  the head. 
  The figure is all even, all balanced 
  and all boring. 
  A very dull design. 
  As I mentioned before, as human 
  beings, we tend to naturally go for 
  the balanced and idealized. This is 
  not a bad thing. There’s a time a 
  place for the ideal, but the ideal 
  doesn’t always make for the most interesting designs. 
  Okay so let’s take a look at a slightly better design:    
        Figure 2 
   
  This design is much better than the 
  first one.  Again, this is another 
  example of a stick figure that you 
  might find if you Googled “Stick 
  figure”. 
  But why is this better than the Figure 1 
  version? 
  Let’s take a look: 
   
   
      
   
  
   
   
  31 
   Figure 2a 
   
  Notice that because the figure 
  doesn’t have a neck, and it’s not 
  split up evenly, The body portion 
  is much longer than the head 
  and the legs. The figure is much 
  more interesting to look at than 
  the one in Figure 1 because its 
  parts contrast more. 
  I’m not too sure about its appeal 
  though. It doesn’t have a neck 
  and the legs are still the same 
  length as the head. 
  Still, do you see why one is 
  slightly better than the other? 
  This one has both Contrast and 
  Balance, but it’s not as 
  appealing, which means that it’s 
  not very harmonious. 
  Let’s take a look at another figure: 
                                       Figure 3 
   
  This figure is a LOT better.  
  Sometimes you see this type of 
  figure if you Google “stick 
  figure.” 
  This figure seems “right” 
  somehow. 
  Let’s take a look at its 
  proportions: 
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
         Figure 3a 
   
   
  In Figure 3a you can see that every 
  part of the figure is a different length. 
  Although, to be honest, you can 
  probably make the argument that the 
  line of the body from the bottom of the 
  head to the start of the legs, and the 
  legs themselves are the same length. 
  I wonder if that’s why it also feels 
  balanced. 
  In any case, it’s a decent looking stick 
  figure. 
  At this point, personal taste steps in. 
  I’m looking for something even more 
  interesting. I want to come up with 
  something dynamic, so I’m gonna 
  start REALLY messing around with the proportions to see what happens: 
         Figure 4 
   
  Right…uh…Figure 4 is a little top 
  heavy. Not exactly what I was 
  looking for, but interesting. 
  Let’s see how it was broken down: 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  33 
  Figure 4a 
   
  The head is not quite half the size 
  of the rest of the body. The body 
  itself is still bigger. The neck is 
  short, the body is a little longer and 
  the legs are longer still. 
  I like the body proportions but the 
  head is too big. Perhaps it would 
  have worked better if I’d thinned 
  out the head into an oval. 
  Lots of contrast but not balanced. 
   
   
   
   
   
  Let’s try something else: 
    Figure 5 
   
   
  Okay, wow. Figure 5 can be an 
  alien or a very skinny tall guy. 
  Strange that I think of this as 
  skinny since, IT’S A STICK 
  FIGURE. 
  Let’s take a look at the 
  proportions: 
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
         Figure 5a 
   
  As we can see in Figure 5a, it has a 
  very long body and everything else is 
  small. 
  I’d have to play with the length of the 
  arms. If you notice, they’re exactly 
  half the length of the body and it 
  makes them look a little unnatural (if 
  a stick figure CAN be natural 
  looking). 
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Okay, last one: 
         Figure 6 
   
  I thought I’d try a different head 
  shape this time. I kinda like this one. 
  It takes some getting used to though. 
  Let’s check the proportions: 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  35 
  Figure 6a 
   
  Yup, Figure 6a shows a nice variety 
  of contrasting shapes.  I’d still play 
  around with it a bit. Perhaps raise 
  the “shoulders” up a tad and reduce 
  the length of the oval of the head a 
  touch. 
  So you see, you can do a lot with a 
  little if you only play around a bit. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
  You can use the principle in more than just body proportion. Below I’ll show you 
  how it can work on a simple happy face: 
    Figure 7 
   
  Here in Figure 7, we have a 
  standard, well balanced happy 
  face.  Just like the stick figure in 
  Figure 1 above, there is nothing 
  inherently wrong with it. 
  It is in fact very appealing. 
  Let’s take a look at why: 
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
                 Figure 7a 
   
  If I take a line and connect both 
  eyes together and I take a line from 
  each eye to the center of the 
  mouth, we get an equilateral 
  triangle. It’s a well-proportioned 
  face and completely balanced. 
  It’s also REALLY generic. 
  But I want to play around and 
  create a unique face. To that end, 
  I’m gonna start messing with the 
  spacing of the features. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
         Figure 8 
   
  Ha ha, I like Figure 8. It makes me 
  laugh. 
  I didn’t really do too much with it 
  and it’s already interesting. Let’s 
  take a look at the spacing: 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  37 
                 Figure 8a 
  Yeah, Figure 8a shows a far 
  less perfect triangle. 
  Let’s do another: 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
        Figure 9 
   
  Okay! Trying to play more 
  with the imperfections in 
  Figure 9. Different eye sizes 
  and a slanted mouth. 
  The eyes are not only closer 
  together but they’re also 
  tilted and pointing to the 
  mouth: 
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  Figure 9a 
   
  In Figure 9a, we see the eyes 
  point to the mouth. No equal 
  spacing here and a whole lot of 
  contrast. 
  Let’s go a little crazy and change 
  the head shape as well: 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Figure 10 
   
  Figure 10 looks like a character 
  that is in need of some “Adventure 
  Time”. 
  I did this, to show you that it’s not 
  just about doing things with 
  standard shapes. You can play 
  around and experiment. 
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  39 
     Figure 10a 
   
   
  Figure 10a shows how 
  extremely compressed the 
  features are. And they are 
  NOT in the center of the 
  face but a little bit above 
  center. 
  I liked ALL the faces I drew. 
  They were all unique, full of 
  contrast, balanced and 
  appealing. 
  I think the stick figures 
  needed a little bit more work, 
  but I think you get the idea. 
  Besides, when it comes to 
  the final design, the ultimate 
  judge will be personal taste. 
   
  You take the principles of good design and you play with them, til you get 
  something YOU like. 
  It’s a little bit like a recipe that way. 
  
   
   
  Here is an Example of These Principles in Action 
  There’s this artist I’m aware of named Robert Valley. His work is really far out and 
  can sometimes be very odd. He often draws “adult” things too, so beware when 
  looking him up. That said, his designs are fantastic. 
  He’s done a lot of work in animation as a designer and storyboard artist, but his 
  influence has really been felt in two shows that have taken his style and used it as 
  their “look”: TRON: UPRISING and MOTORCITY. 
  Since I didn’t license any of that art, I can’t directly take the art from those shows 
  and post them here for analysis. 
  What I CAN do is synthesize the style and break it down so you can see it in 
  action. Which, perhaps, is even better: 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Okay so here we have my Robert Valley style Black Terror and (my own creation) 
  Lady Terror. This was really fun to draw. Robert Valley has a fun crazy style. 
   
  
   
   
  41 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  So let’s take a look at the way these character’s proportions are broken down 
  based on what we’ve learned so far: 
  Okay so first, let’s take a look at the red and blue brackets on the left of each 
  character.  Notice I didn’t split the characters perfectly in half. The top half of the 
  characters are smaller than the bottom half. 
  It was difficult to tell with The Black Terror’s blue bracket so I made a copy and put 
  it next to the red. We can see it’s obviously smaller. 
  Next, we take a look at the head, neck, body and legs breakdown.  See how none 
  of them are the same length?  All the proportions of these parts vary and contrast 
  against each other. 
  Finally, let’s take a look at the limbs. I’ve colored them dark red and orange. 
  Even the limbs are not evenly broken down.  The Black Terror’s upper arm is 
  longer than his forearm. The same can be said with Lady Terror’s arm. 
  Also, both characters have longer lower legs than upper legs. 
  You see? This is how these principles are applied in a more professional setting. 
  I hope this makes the importance of these principles clear. 
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Now it is Your Turn 
  Exercise 1 
  Your exercise this time around is to simply come up with interesting looking stick 
  figures using the principles explained above. 
  How to Capture or Acquire a Style. 
   
  The more you draw the more confident you get and the more your ambition turns to "style." 
   
  Either you want to have a unique style of your own or you want to, at least, capture some 
  essence of an artist's style that you really admire. 
   
  Well, there's only one REAL way to capture someone's style well or acquire a GREAT one of 
  your own. But before I say what that is, let me share something about being an animator. 
   
  Most animators I know don't really have a style of their own. They aren't like comic book artists 
  or most illustrators. They don't have a stylistic voice. Not unless they go out of their way to get 
  one. 
   
  Our business is about being able to draw like EVERYONE. We are artistic chameleons. How is it 
  possible for us to do this? What is it about our training that allows us to change styles at the 
  drop of a hat? 
   
  We study and become good at using the fundamentals. 
   
  Being a good draftsman makes you infinitely versatile. A good draftsman can draw anyway he 
  wants in any style he wants, whenever he wants because he's learned the fundamentals. 
   
  He can draw realistic one minute, then Looney Tune cartoony the next, and do a left hand turn 
  and draw in anime style. 
   
  You see, style isn't about style at all, it's about applying certain short hand methods to the 
  fundamentals principles of drawing. 
   
  After a while, you'll develop your own short hand. This will be your "style." It's the way you like 
  to draw things, but style doesn't equal good draftsmanship. 
   
  There are plenty of illustrators, comic artists, and cartoonists that have a style. This is good. 
  Their unique voice is often what they're hired for. But often, these artists aren't versatile beyond 
  their style. If their style goes out of favor, they're out of luck. 
   
  If you don't want this to happen to you and if you want to transcend style, master the 
  fundamentals. 
   
  Style tends to "just happen," the fundamentals don't. 
  
   
   
  43 
  In order to make this easier, here’s a blank version of the grid I was using: 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  You can photocopy or trace it.  You don’t have to use it, but it helps. 
  That way you don’t have to keep measuring things by hand to see if things are too 
  even. 
  I’ve also created two stick figure “model sheets” for you to work off of: 
  Model Sheet 1 
   
   Model Sheet 1 is the stick figure from Figure 
  1 with a face. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Model Sheet 2 
  Model Sheet 2 has a more “advanced” stick 
  figure design. I gave it shoulders and joints 
  so you’d have more to “play” with. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  45 
  Both stick figures are in fact DESIGNS, but they’re boring. They’re your standard, 
  no contrast, dull, stick figures. Use the stick figures in the model sheets as your 
  starting off point. 
  Take them and play with their proportions. Yank them, pull them, push them, as if 
  they were made of rubber. Change their head shapes; make them a square, a 
  rectangle, egg shapes, or triangles. Move the face features around. Like I did in 
  Figures: 1 – 10. 
  You know, like this: 
   
   
  Make sure you have an eraser handy. If you’re anything like me, you’ll be doing a 
  lot of small adjustments. 
  Have fun (because it is) and play with these things. See if you can find a way to 
  push the contrast or its proportions and shapes but still end up with something that 
  looks okay or interesting. 
  If you REALLY want to get ambitious, replace some of the body lines with shapes 
  and see what happens. Make sure to use the same contrast and balance 
  principles, if you do. 
   
   
  
   
   
  Like so: 
   
  It’s very similar to doing the exercises in Lesson 2. You’re simply putting shapes 
  together in a type of pattern or symbol; only it has arms, legs and a face. 
  Remember, harmonizing Contrast + Balance = Good design. 
  Don’t expect to like what you end up with the first time. Simply play and explore. 
  At some point, you’ll hit that ONE drawing that seems to work. You’ll know it when 
  it happens. When it does, you’ll be one step closer to being a professional 
  character designer. 
   
  Exercise 2 
  Once you’ve done this, take the stick figure off the grid and draw it on its own. 
  Have fun and play with it. Send it on adventures. Have it do your math for you.  
  Whatever you want. 
  Have fun. 
   
   
   
  
   
   
  47 
   
   
   
  
   
   
  Trouble? 
  Q: How do you measure proportions when you DON’T have a grid? 
  A: Okay, this is a good question because I do this all the time. I don’t draw my 
  characters in a grid. 
  So here’s what I do. When I’m drawing and I need to check the proportions of 
  parts of my character, I take my pencil or pen and place it on the drawing, just like 
  the picture to the left: 
   
  I line up the top of my pencil (I marked it in 
  red) to the top of what I want to measure.  In 
  this case the top of the head. 
  Then I take my finger and put it on the pencil 
  to mark the length of the proportion I want to 
  measure. In this case the crotch of the 
  character. 
  Now I have the length from the top of the 
  head to the crotch. 
   
   
  Next, KEEPING MY FINGER EXACTLY WHERE IT IS on the pencil, I move my 
  hand down: 
   
  I then line up the top of the pencil to 
  bottom part where I last measure my 
  finger. In this case the crotch. Then I check 
  were my finger actually lands. 
  Because I didn’t move my finger on the 
  pencil and only moved the pencil, I still 
  have the actual measurement of the top 
  proportion of the body. 
  As you can see, it’s not evenly spaced. My 
  finger doesn’t quite go to the bottom of the 
  feet. This is what I wanted. 
  
   
   
  49 
  Here’s another example: 
   
  I measure from the crotch to the top of the 
  knee. 
  Then, without moving my finger from where 
  I placed it on the pencil I move my hand 
  down… 
   
   
   
   
   
   
  …and line up the pencil with the top of the knee and look at where my finger is. 
  The measurement tells me, the upper leg is much shorter than the lower leg. 
  You can measure everything you want this 
  way. This is how I check the proportions in 
  my designs as I go. 
  I hope this is helpful. You got to learned 
  something new and I got to write CROTCH 
  a lot. Crotch crotch crotch crotch… 
  Pro Tip 
  This is IT! A lot of what I’ve written about 
  here is foundational to good drawing. 
  These principles will be applied over and 
  over and over again in many different ways 
  as you grow as a draftsman. 
  Get used to them. You’ll get better at doing 
  them and seeing them applied as you 
  practice. 
  
   
   
  Lesson 4: The Secret of Tracing Like a Pro –  Basic 
  Under Drawing Techniques 
  “Creativity is allowing yourself to make mistakes. Art is knowing which ones to 
  keep.” ~Scott Adams  
  Getting it Perfect the First Time 
  You can’t seem to get it 
  down the first time. You 
  know what you want but 
  you don’t know how to get 
  there. 
  You understand the 
  concepts being taught. 
  You’re trying to apply 
  them. You’re doing the 
  exercises but you’re 
  getting frustrated. 
  The truth is, when you put 
  down a line to draw a 
  face, a circle, or a stick 
  figure body, you either 
  don’t know where it will 
  end up when you’re done, 
  or you do know, but it just 
  ends up somewhere else. 
  That blank page has no “foot holds”. You wish you had an “anchor” or 
  SOMETHING to guide you, so that you know where to place your pencil as you 
  draw. 
  Well, that’s where tracing comes in. 
  What’s that? You thought tracing was bad? 
  Well, it CAN be. It depends on how you use it. 
  
   
   
  51 
  In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use tracing to refine your drawings and your 
  control over what happens on the page. By the time we’re done, you’ll know how 
  to set down the guides that will help you control the most complicated types of 
  drawing. 
  How the Professionals Trace 
  I know of very few professional draftsmen who can just pick up a pencil, start in 
  one corner of the page, and magically have a finished art piece in one pass.  
  Those guys are the legends. 
  That’s not us…at least…not yet. 
  The majority of professional, do what is called an “under drawing”. 
  An “under drawing” is a rough pass, or trial run for a drawing.  Like a rough draft in 
  writing. It’s not meant to be perfect by any means. 
  The purpose of the under drawing is to explore the direction you want to take the 
  drawing and solve any problems the drawing asks you to solve.  It’s meant to be 
  sloppy and imperfect.  It’s there so you’re final drawing looks good. 
  Most beginners never do this.  Have you been doing it? I didn’t think so. 
  So what does this have to do with tracing? 
  Well, once the under drawing is done, you then draw over your under drawing, 
  either directly, or on top with another piece of paper, “tracing” the final lines of your 
  drawing. 
  There are two kinds of tracing, the bad kind and the good kind. 
   The bad kind is what most people do. They take, say, a drawing, put some 
  tracing paper over it and mindlessly follow the lines of the original drawing 
  underneath. The end product looks like a wobbly, ugly version of the original 
  drawing. 
   The good kind is what draftsmen do.  They take that same drawing and the 
  same tracing paper and REDRAW the original drawing underneath, using it 
  as a guide and making confident line CHOICES. The result is a new 
  confident drawing based on the original. 
  “Good tracing” is in fact, not quite tracing but redrawing. Since it’s redrawing, you 
  make conscious choices as you go. By doing so, you end up, not only refining your 
  drawing but also your drawing skills. 
  
   
   
  When you redraw over your under drawing, you’re actually choosing what final line 
  you want from the rough mess of lines you’ve put on the page. The outcome 
  SHOULD look like a drawing you finished effortlessly. 
  Let me show you what I mean. 
  Here is Some Examples From This Very Book 
  Okay, so remember this drawing from the introduction?: 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Figure 1 
   
   
  
   
   
  53 
  This is how I approached the drawing. 
  First I drew a really rough gesture 
  drawing of the pose (Figure 2). I’ll 
  explain gesture drawings in a later 
  drawing level. The point is, the final 
  Figure 1 drawing didn’t just appear 
  fully formed. I first drew the scribbly 
  mess that is seen in Figure 2, to get it 
  started: 
   
   
   
   
   
  Figure 2 
   
   
   
  Once I’d gotten all the shapes and 
  lines approximately where I wanted 
  them I refined the drawing by drawing 
  over it. In Figure 3 you can see what I 
  did. I recolored the rough from Figure 
  2 blue, so you can tell it apart from my 
  more refined rough: 
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Figure 3 
  
   
   
  Having redrawn and refined the character, I decided it was time for the final line. I 
  took the rough I drew in Figure 3 and drew over it: 
    
   
  Figure 4 
  Figure 4 is the result.  Notice I was basically “tracing” or redrawing and refining my 
  drawing in order to get the final result. At this point, it was more about what lines to 
  choose and what to leave out than anything else. 
   
  
   
   
  55 
  Let’s take a look at another example. 
  In Figure 5, we have the other drawing from the introduction: 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Figure 5 
  
   
   
  But in Figure 6, we can see where I actually 
  started: 
   
  As you can see in Figure 6, my first pass was 
  a big mess. I was just scribbling, trying to get 
  the shapes down where I need them to go. 
  Once that was done, I went and redrew on 
  top of the scribbly mess, refining the drawing 
  a bit more: 
   
   
   
   
  Figure 6 
   
   
  As you can see in Figure 7, I did a lot of 
  adjusting and redefining.  It’s still rough 
  and imperfect.  I wasn’t being “precious” 
  with the drawing in anyway. 
  Once I was satisfied with what I had, I 
  went in drew over the rough for the final 
  pass: 
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Figure 7 
  
   
   
  57 
  Figure 8 
   
  Figure 8 was all about “tracing” or redrawing and refining.  Once again, this 
  process is about choosing the right lines to keep, while throwing out unnecessary 
  lines. 
  “BUT…,” I hear you saying, “golly gee, it’s all swell and jolly to do that with your 
  fancy pants drawing, but how does that apply to MY drawings? I mean, I’m only 
  drawing stick figures here.” 
  That’s a good question. Take a look at Figure 9: 
  
   
   
   
  Figure 9 
  Yup this is the rough I drew for the STICK FIGURE drawing I used at the head of 
  the “Stick figures with style” Lesson. 
  Even THIS drawing didn’t come fully formed. I drew a rough under drawing for it so 
  I could work it out. THEN I drew over it: 
   
  Figure 10 
  You can see in Figure 10 how I refine even a drawing as simple as a stick figure. 
  
   
   
  59 
  The result is the drawing in Figure 11: 
   
  Figure 11 
  Had I not just shown you what I did, you would have thought I effortlessly drew it. 
  I get paid to draw for a living and this is how I approach drawing. 
  You want more control over your final drawings? You want your drawing to start 
  looking effortless? It’s time you start putting down some under drawings. 
  Baby Steps 
  Your Exercise… 
  I know this seems new, and daunting and crazy… 
  Don’t worry. Take a deep breath; we’ll take this nice and easy. I’ve broken this 
  down into steps. 
  The goal of these steps is to get you to start drawing your own things this way. 
  First you simply need to practice getting some control and learning to make good 
  line choices: 
   Step 1. Learn to do the “good” kind of tracing 
   Step 2. Learn to make good line choices 
   Step 3. Try it out on your own drawings 
  
   
   
  Step 1.  Learn to do the good kind of tracing 
  Below I’ve posted three characters. Your exercise is simple: 
  Trace them. 
   
  BUT, don’t simply trace them, try to redraw them. Recreate them as you trace over 
  them. 
  In order to do that, here’s what I want you to do.. 
  Get some REALLY low quality printer paper (they are very transparent) and 
  trace over the drawing. 
  I posted an example video of the tracing process on printer paper at:  
  http://www.thedrawingwebsite.com/Tracing 
   
  
   
   
  61 
  BUT I’VE GOT THICK PAPER I CAN’T SEE THROUGH, SO I WANT TO USE 
  TRACING PAPER OR BETTER YET NO TRACING PAPER! 
  Okay, that’s what’s why I also made THIS set of images: 
   
  These characters are specifically designed so you can simply draw over them 
  directly. 
  Here’s how you do it: 
  1. Trace over it using tracing paper or… 
  2. Make a color copy and trace directly onto the printed image. 
  I posted an example video of the tracing process on tracing paper at:  
  http://www.thedrawingwebsite.com/Tracing 
  
   
   
  If you want, you can draw directly on the color copy you made. I posted an 
  example video of the tracing process directly on the color copy at:  
  http://www.thedrawingwebsite.com/Tracing 
  Once you’ve done this, find other things to trace. Coloring books or comic books 
  are best but anything you find is good.  Practice not simply tracing but redrawing 
  the drawings you are tracing.  Use the drawings as a guide more than anything 
  else. 
  Step 2. Learn to make good line choices 
  These next set of images are the actual under drawings that I used to make the 
  cleaned up characters in the previous pages. 
  You’ve gotten a chance to practice your lines, now it’s time to test what you’ve 
  learned. 
  Draw a final clean drawing from the rough drawings below. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  63 
  This exercise is meant to help you learn to make line choices.  It doesn’t need to 
  look like what I drew above; it has to look like what YOU want it to look like. 
  Choose a line to make. See how it turns out.  It’s okay if it ends up looking odd. 
  The point of the exercise it to learn to make line choices. 
  Okay so here what you do: 
  Get some REALLY low quality printer paper (they are very transparent) and 
  trace over the drawing. 
  I posted an example video of the clean up process using printer paper at:  
  http://www.thedrawingwebsite.com/Tracing 
  Just like in Step 1, I also created a version you can use tracing paper to draw on: 
   
  
   
   
  To work with the drawing you can: 
  1. Trace over it using tracing paper or… 
  2. Make a color copy and trace directly onto the printed image. 
  I posted an example video of the tracing process on tracing paper at:  
  http://www.thedrawingwebsite.com/Tracing 
  And, I posted an example video of the tracing process directly on the color copy at:  
  http://www.thedrawingwebsite.com/Tracing 
  You can try cleaning the roughs up, over and over to practice if you want. 
  Ultimately, what you want to end up doing is… 
  Step 3. Try it out on your own drawings 
  Take everything you’ve learned so far and apply it here.  Draw some rough stick 
  figures and clean them up. 
  Go crazy and get messy. Remember, an under drawing is NOT the final drawing, 
  it’s simply a stepping stone that guides you to the final drawing. 
  Here’s some tips on how to practice doing this. 
  Tip 1: 
  Draw your under drawing, VERY 
  lightly onto your paper.  Be messy but 
  put very little pressure on the pencil. 
  Once you have the under drawing the 
  way you want it, go back in and pick 
  out the lines you want by making 
  darker “final” lines over your under 
  drawing. 
  I posted an example video of the how 
  to do this at:  
  http://www.thedrawingwebsite.com/Tra
  cing 
  : 
   
  
   
   
  65 
  Tip 2: 
  If you’re having trouble drawing 
  a LIGHT under drawing, then 
  simply draw the under drawing 
  as dark as you want to. 
  When it’s time to do the “final” 
  line, use a ball point pen. 
  The drawback to doing it this 
  way is that if you make a 
  mistake with your final line, you 
  won’t be able to erase it. 
  The good thing about doing it 
  this way is that, once you’re 
  done, you can erase the under 
  drawing and you’ll end up with a 
  nice, clean final line. 
  I posted an example video of the how to do this at:  
  http://www.thedrawingwebsite.com/Tracing 
  Tip 3: 
  This is what most pros do. 
  Get a Col-Erase Colored Pencils 
  and draw your under drawing using 
  that. Col-Erase Colored Pencils are 
  special colored pencils that you can 
  erase. You don’t NEED one right now. 
  I’m just presenting it as an option here 
  in case you happen to have some 
  around.  
  Once you’ve got the under drawing 
  the way you want it, draw over the 
  color lines with a regular pencil. 
  If the color line is too dark, get an 
  eraser and “dim down” the lines a bit 
  so they aren’t so dark. 
  I posted an example video of the how to do this at:  
  http://www.thedrawingwebsite.com/Tracing 
  
   
   
  So there you have it. 
  This is new and different. It will take a while for you to get used to it.  The more 
  you do it, the easier it will get.  Once you’re used to it, you’ll wonder how you could 
  have done without it. 
  Trouble? 
  Q: Yeah, I can’t get a clean line. It’s all wobbly. I know what I want and can almost 
  get it but it’s just not coming out right. Any way you can help me out? 
  A: Here’s a little something I learned from a friend of mine who did clean up at 
  Disney. Work WITH the natural pivots of your body, not against them. Here’s what 
  I mean: 
  Your wrist is a natural pivot point. It’s like a limited compass. Your elbo is ALSO a 
  natural pivot point. 
  Knowing this you can then position your PAPER and your drawing in such a way 
  that when you make a mark, you’re working WITH those natural pivots. You’ll find 
  that your lines will come out looking better for doing so. 
  I posted an example video showing you how at:  
  http://www.thedrawingwebsite.com/Tracing 
  Don’t be afraid to move your paper around. 
  Pro Tip 
  Professional draftsmen are obsessed with seeing other professional’s rough 
  drawing.  Most of us would rather see that than their finished work. 
  An under drawing is a window of how a draftsman solves drawing problems.  By 
  seeing those rough drawings, we hope to get tips and tricks WE could use to solve 
  OUR drawing problems. 
  Now that you know what you know, you might want to start paying more attention 
  to rough drawings as well. 
   
   
  
   
   
  67 
  Lesson 5: Design Simple Cartoon Characters from 
  Flat Shapes 
  “An essential aspect of creativity is not being afraid to fail.” ~Edwin Land 
  You have made it to the finish line! 
  So you’re tired of 
  drawing stick figures and 
  you want to draw 
  something that’s…well, 
  more interesting. 
  You want to start doing 
  “real” drawings that 
  LOOK like something. 
  Well, I’ve got good news 
  for you. If you’ve stuck 
  with it and made it this 
  far, you’re ready to start 
  drawing stuff you didn’t 
  think you’d be able to 
  before. 
  Here’s where all your time and work pay off.  By the time you’re done with this 
  lesson, you’ll be able to create your own drawings and characters, just like I 
  promised…IF you’ve put some Kung Fu into the process, and have been 
  practicing. 
  You’ve got almost all the knowledge you need to do it.  All you need to know now 
  is what I tell you in this Lesson. 
  So let’s get to it. 
  
   
   
  Flat Shapes are Foundational to Drawing 
  EVERYTHING that you will EVER draw, can be broken down into a flat, two 
  dimensional shape. 
  EVERYTHING. 
  Beginning drawing books often start you off drawing Spheres, Cubes, and 
  Cylinders.  ALL those things are good things to know how to draw, but not yet. 
  Why? 
  Because each one of those “three dimensional” shapes are made out of TWO 
  dimensional shapes. In fact, they AREN’T “three dimensional” shapes at all, they 
  are STILL two dimensional shapes that SEEM to be “three dimensional.” 
  Let’s call a Spade a Spade here. Our drawings are always going to be two 
  dimensional. We can only give the illusion of three dimensions. 
  Mastering control of flat 2d shapes will help you out immensely. 
  The Magic of Flat Shapes 
  Flat shapes are very versatile even without being three dimensional.  You can do 
  wonders with them alone. 
  Careers have been made by artists who don’t go beyond working with flat two 
  dimensional shapes. 
  It’s impossible for me to show you ALL the ways they can be used in drawing, SO 
  I’ve chosen ONE way to use them in this post.   
  For now, let’s concentrate on how to make fun cartoon characters using flat 
  shapes. 
  Shapes and Design 
  Remember in Lesson 3 when I wrote about the harmony between Contrast and 
  Balance? Well, when it comes to creating characters with flat shapes, this principle 
  still applies. 
  
   
   
  69 
  If you’ve forgotten what I wrote or if you’ve simply skipped the ahead, I 
  recommend you go back and read or reread it. The following is an extension of 
  that lesson. 
  Remember the shapes we practiced drawing in Lesson 2?  Well, it’s time to use 
  them again. 
    
   
  Just like with the stick figures, when we create a character from these three 
  shapes, it’s all about creating contrast with the spacing of the proportions. 
    
   
  Figure 1. 
  BUT, now that we have shapes, there are two more 
  elements to think about: 
  1. Spacing contrast and 
  2. Size contrast. 
  SPACING CONTRAST – Means you make sure you 
  space out the shapes in interesting ways. Trying to 
  avoid spacing that is too balanced which would 
  make the design dull. 
  SIZE CONTRAST – Simply means you’re trying to 
  put shapes of different sizes next to each other to 
  create interest. 
   
   
  
   
   
  So let’s break down all the components including the two new ones:  
   
  Figure 2. 
  In Figure 2 we can see on the left how the 
  proportions break up in a balanced yet 
  contrasted way. 
   
  In point 1, the face favors the bottom half of 
  the head shape and is not perfectly 
  centered.  Also even the mouth itself favors 
  one side of the face to another.  All the 
  features are also very close together rather 
  than being spaced evenly apart. 
  In points 2 and 3 we see an example of 
  size contrast. The size of the circle shaped 
  head is larger than the rectangle of the 
  body which it’s connected to.  The body is 
  not only proportionally smaller; it’s also 
  smaller in width. 
   
  Points 3, 4, and 5 also contrast. Notice the length of the arm and hand are longer 
  the body, and obviously thinner. 
   
  Point 4 and 5 contrast, not only in size but also in shape.  Now, this isn’t 
  something that is done all the time but sometimes, a round shape next to a hard 
  edged shape is a good mix and contrasts well. 
   
  Point 6. The spacing of the legs here is something well worth pointing out.  They 
  are NOT evenly spaced out. By which I mean I favored the outer part of the body 
  to attach them to rather than where the green arrows are actually located.  The 
  reason for this is, again, to add interest. 
   
  Alright now let’s take a look at yet another example: 
   
  
   
   
  71 
  Figure 3. 
   
  Let’s break this guy down: 
  Figure 4. 
  In Figure 4 we see how the head, neck, body and 
  legs, are broken down and contrast against each 
  other by seeing the break down on the right. 
  On the left, we see how the square shape of his face 
  and body proportions contrast with the leg 
  proportions. 
  In point 1, we see how his face favors the top of the 
  head and his features are all in a very concentrated 
  space. 
  Points 2, shows us the interest that is caused by not 
  only making sure the legs are proportionally shorter 
  but that they’re also much smaller in width. The 
  contrast is large shape vs. small shape. 
  In point 3, we see that the ear is not placed right in the middle of the side of the 
  head but favors beings slightly lower. 
  Now, in point 4 we see the hands and arms but unlike the hands and arms on 
  Figure 1, it’s a triangle and a square.  I kinda don’t like the way it looks. I prefer the 
  triangle and circle combination.  Perhaps it’s because the hand shapes in Figure 1, 
  sharp edge shape vs. rounded shape, contrast more than two hard edged shapes 
  in Figure 3. This might be a matter of personal taste though. 
  
   
   
  An Example of These Shapes in Real Productions 
  I asked fellow artist Evan Lewis to help show you examples of how these shapes 
  have been used in actual animated productions. 
  There was a little kid’s show called WOW WOW WUBZY. The characters were 
  very appealing and they were all made of basic shapes. 
  Here’s some designs Evan made up, using the “Wubzy style”: 
   
  Figure 5 
   
  As you can see in Figure 5, the characters are flat, two dimensional, and cute. 
  Let’s break them down to their component parts: 
   
   
   
  
   
   
  73 
  Figure 6. 
   
   
   
  In Figure 6, you can see BOTH characters are made out of basic shapes. The one 
  on the left is made mostly of squares and rectangle with the edges rounded off 
  while the character on the right is mostly circle and ovals. 
  The character of the left’s proportions are subtly different. While the main overall 
  length from the top of the ears to the neck are more clearly contrasted to the rest 
  of the body down to his feet. 
  The character on the right is even clearer. Large body length and short feet 
  length.  Large body shape, small legs and feet size. 
  Evan Lewis’ work can be found at: evanlewisanimation.blogspot.com 
  
   
   
  Now it is Your Turn 
  Your exercise is simple, draw some characters. 
  Remember the grid from page 43? Time to use it again just like you did then. 
  It’s time to make another copy of it and start drawing on it. 
   
  Like this: 
   
   
   
   
   
  If you don’t want to use the grid, that’s okay. Just remember to keep track and 
  measure your proportions the way I showed you in the “Pro Tips” on page 48. 
  Here are some examples of what you might come up with.  Instead of me, doing 
  the example, we can see how another draftsman approaches the exercise. 
  Here’s what Evan produced doing this exercise: 
  
   
   
  75 
   
  
   
   
  Notice how Evan drew it all in ballpoint pen on regular line paper. 
  You can do this anywhere. 
  Also notice that you can see he did some light under drawing with the pen before 
  he committed to putting down a dark final line. 
   
   
   
    
    
   
  At this point, you can draw! Better than most of the people you know! 
  Have fun. 
  Enjoy your new ability. 
  
   
   
  77 
  Trouble? 
  Q: YEAH! You said I’d be able to draw by this point but everything I do STILL 
  looks crumby! You haven’t helped me at all! 
  A: How much time did you spend on each exercise? Ten minutes? Thirty? A 
  week?  Do the exercises until you get it.  Don’t just do lip service to them.  That’s 
  how you fail. If you aren’t being serious enough about getting it, you won’t. You 
  aren’t putting in the Kung Fu. 
  Frequency is key. Do these things until they become second nature and then, 
  suddenly, people will say to you, 
  “Wow, you’re SO talented!”  
  Which will probably make you want to slap yourself upside the head. If they only 
  knew. 
  Pro Tip 
  Let’s get a bit ahead of ourselves here. 
  When I was in high school, I made a discovery during Summer School that 
  changed the way I designed my cartoon characters. I discovered the secret behind 
  making my designs go from amateur designs to professional looking designs. 
  Here it is, for you to take advantage of. Are you ready? 
  Do everything I wrote about above; only…make up the shapes. 
  That’s it. Simply make up some interesting shapes. Suddenly your cartoons will 
  look like they’ve jumped to the next level. Because they have. 
  I will write more about this in a later Level.  For now, that’s my tip for you. Give it a 
  try. 
   
   
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Bonus Lessons 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  79 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  A drawing lesson from Superman 
  There was a Superman storyline in the comics a few years ago called WORLD OF NEW 
  KRYPTON. It told the story about how the shrunken city of Kandor was restored to its original 
  size. 
   
  Kandor was a Kryptonian city which was shrunk and put into a bottle by the villain Braniac. It 
  held the last surviving Kryptonians and Superman had liberated it from Brainiac. 
   
  He had put it in his Fortress of Solitude, and for YEARS tried to figure out how to restore the city 
  and its people to their original size. 
   
  In the WORLD OF NEW KRYPTON storyline, not only do the people of Kandor get restored and 
  liberated, but an event occurs which causes the creation of a new planet moving around Earth's 
  orbits, directly opposite the Earth on the other side of the Sun. It's dubbed, "New Krypton," and all 
  the Kryptonians move to that planet. 
   
  But here's the thing... Superman gets his powers from the effects of our yellow sun. ALL 
  Kryptonians exposed to the yellow sun get these powers. This meant that EVERY Kryptonian in 
  New Krypton had Superman's powers. 
   
  This brings up the very interesting question that the story begins to investigate: When everyone 
  has Superman's powers what makes Superman special? 
   
  And I personally think the storyline did an admirable job of answering the question. 
   
  Now, I'm sure you're saying, 
   
  "That's very interesting and all BUT what the blazes does this have to do with drawing?!" 
   
  Every kid who is "the artist" in his school, family, community is like Superman. He's got "special 
  powers," everyone labels "talent." 
   
  These "special powers" sometimes makes the kid want to pursue a career in art. So he goes off into 
  the world and goes to an art school or gets a job drawing and suddenly...he finds himself in New 
  Krypton. 
   
  EVERYONE has the same "powers." EVERYONE is "talented." 
   
  When everyone is talented who's actually talented? What makes YOU so special? 
   
  Work, drive, dedication, and discipline. KUNG FU. 
   
  In New Krypton you find out real fast who has the heart, and who is just going through the 
  motions. 
   
  Getting better at drawing requires action. Sitting on your hands won't get you anywhere. So it's 
  best if you're like Superman, and do what needs to be done and take the road less travelled. You'll 
  find yourself improving faster than the people you though had stronger "powers. 
  
   
   
  Bonus Lesson 1: Unicorn Style –  How Simple Color 
  Theory Helps Design. 
  “The whole world, as we experience it visually, comes to us through the mystic 
  realm of color. Our entire being is nourished by it. The mystic quality of color 
  should likewise find expression in a work of art.” – Hans Hofmann 
  Why Color? 
  If you’re into fashion, 
  you know color is 
  important. 
  If you’re into interior 
  design, you know that 
  color is important. 
  If you study paintings, 
  you know that color is 
  important. 
  If you’re not really into 
  any of that stuff you’re 
  saying to yourself, 
  “Color? So what?” 
  You’d be surprised how a little color knowledge could change the way you see the 
  world around you.  Everything is in color and those colors have an effect on your 
  mood, thoughts and actions. 
  Color is a very powerful force and lots has been said and written about it. 
  In this post, we’ll start at the beginning.  We’ll simplify it down to its most basic 
  principles. The foundations of what you need to know about color. 
  You’ve been taught about basic design and the decisions you make when applying 
  those principles to a drawing.  But all those principles apply to color as well.  
  Knowing the basics of colors will give you the foundations for choosing colors that 
  will make your drawings sing. 
  
   
   
  81 
  The Color Wheel 
  Color theory is a theory for a reason. None of this is an absolute. There are many 
  theories of color. The theory I’ll be writing about is the one most beginning artists 
  learn at first. 
  It’s the basic theory that all the other theories tend to compare themselves with. 
  The color wheel is the standard way most artists use to understand color and it will 
  become clear why as we go. So let’s begin: 
  Primary Colors 
  The theory of primary colors is that these three colors are the main colors that all 
  other colors stem from.  The idea is that these three colors cannot be created 
  using other colors. These are THE colors. 
  The Primary colors are: Red, Blue, and Yellow. 
  
   
   
  Secondary Colors 
  Mixing the three primary colors together get you the secondary colors. 
  Here are the mixing formulas and the secondary colors they create: 
   Red + Yellow = Orange 
   Yellow + Blue = Green 
   Blue + Red = Purple 
   
  Neutral Grey is in the middle of the wheel because if you mix all the colors (or all 
  the primaries) together, you end up with neutral Grey. 
  
   
   
  83 
  Tertiary Colors 
  Tertiary colors are the offspring of the Primary and the Secondary colors. 
  They often have very generic names that give away what was mixed to get the 
  color.  Here they are: 
   Red Orange 
   Yellow Orange 
   Yellow Green 
   Blue Green 
   Blue Purple 
   Red Purple 
  
   
   
  Color Divisions 
  Colors are often divided into two types: Cool Colors and Warm Colors. 
  Cool Colors 
  Cool colors are mostly dominated by the Primary color blue. The feel of these 
  colors are often soothing and calm. These colors often tend to recede in space. 
  
   
   
  85 
  Warm Colors 
  Warm colors are often dominated by the TWO Primary colors Red and Yellow.  
  This causes them to have a higher range than cool colors. 
  Warm colors often have a lot of energy and pop out more than cool colors. 
   
  
   
   
  Color Harmonies 
  Color harmonies are exactly what you think 
  they are, colors that work harmoniously 
  together. Knowing what they are, will give 
  you short cuts to color combinations you 
  would like to use. 
  The trick with color is NOT to use ALL the 
  colors in one drawing. Instead, it’s best to 
  limit the colors you use.  Limit colors to a 
  small group that work well together and 
  experiment from there. 
   
   
  Monochromatic Color Range 
  First, let’s talk about simply using ONE 
  color. 
  Simply by tinting or darkening a single color 
  you can get a great value of colors.  This is 
  the ultimate harmonious color scheme.  All 
  the colors in this group are guaranteed to 
  look good together. 
  Just be aware that, as far as coloring 
  something goes, it can be a tad dull. 
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  87 
  Complimentary Colors 
  Complimentary colors are opposite each other on the color wheel. 
  For example: 
   Red and Green are complimentary. 
   Purple and Yellow are complimentary 
   Blue and Orange are complimentary 
  Complimentary colors are to each other what Black and White are to each other, 
  opposites. They are called “complimentary” because, just as putting a white dot in 
  a black background would make the white dot stand out; the equivalent can be 
  done with complimentary colors. 
  
   
   
  Just to clarify: COMPLIMENTARY COLORS ARE OPPOSITE COLORS TO EACH 
  OTHER. THEY MAKE EACH OTHER STAND OUT. 
  These colors are often used in moderation in a picture where you want the 
  audiences’ eyes to go. 
  Analogous Colors 
  Analogous colors are colors that are next to each other on the color wheel. These 
  colors are used when you want a larger range of colors but still want the unifying 
  feel of the a monochromatic colors scheme. 
   
   
   
  
   
   
  89 
   
  
   
   
  Example 
  Here’s a sample of a drawing I did a long time ago: 
   
  Notice how the whole picture is mostly Monochromatic, with a touch of Analogous 
  colors in order to unify the picture.  But when it comes to the protagonist in the 
  middle, he’s wearing a red shirt, which is complimentary to green, in order to draw 
  the eye. 
  Experiment 
  Color is tricky to wrap your head around if you don’t use it. The best way to start 
  getting a handle on it is to start coloring stuff. 
  So here’s what I think you ought to do: when you doodle or draw your characters 
  as I’ve shared with you how to do, color them. 
  Experiment. 
  Try to color your characters monochromatic or by using analogous colors. 
  Color your characters using only primary colors or secondary colors. What are the 
  results like? 
  
   
   
  91 
  Mess around, play around.  See what happens. 
  It’s the best way to learn. 
  Trouble? 
  Q: What’s the best tool to use to color with? 
  A: This is really up to what you feel most comfortable with or quite frankly, what 
  you have around the house. But here is my suggestion, if you really need an 
  answer: 
  Color Pencils. 
  They are easy to control. They don’t give you the brightest and best colors, but 
  they get the job done and you can experiment with them all you want and feel 
  comfortable doing it. 
  Pro Tip 
  Limiting your palette is the best way to go.  Don’t use every color you’ve got.  
  Think about design. Remember the whole: HARMONIZING BALANCE AND 
  CONTRAST thing from Lesson 3? 
  What you want to do is, get a group of colors that work well together like 
  monochromatic colors or analogous colors (Balance) and then pick a few places in 
  the drawing to stick in some complimentary colors (Contrast). Doing this just right 
  will result in a well-designed color scheme. 
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  Bonus Lesson 2: Designing Super Basic 
  Compositions. 
   “I find a single focus in the scene and then play everything off that one thing.” – 
  Kenn Backhaus 
  What is Missing? 
  So you’ve learned the 
  basics of design and 
  you’re drawing fairly 
  decent looking 
  cartoons. 
  Then you try actually 
  drawing a picture and it 
  looks like something a 
  five year old drew.  
  You haven’t got the 
  slightest idea why. The 
  answer is very simple. 
  Composition. 
  It’s not enough to 
  design the characters 
  on the page; you also have to design the page. This might seem like a very odd 
  statement but it’s in perfect keeping with what I’ve shared with you so far about 
  design. 
  This time, I’m going to share with you how to use those design principles and other 
  principles, to compose a picture that looks cool. 
  This is going to be REALLY basic.  This topic, like color, is HUGE. There’s far too 
  much to write about here.  In this post, I’m only going to give you a tiny taste of 
  how you should be thinking about designing composition to get you started. 
  
   
   
  93 
  What is Composition? 
  The way I see it, composition is all about directing the viewer’s gaze where you 
  want it to go within the picture.  To do this you have to DESIGN the space in such 
  a way, that the viewer’s eyes go where you want it to.  So composition is in fact, all 
  about design. 
  And what is the secret to good design? 
  THE secret to GOOD design is harmonizing contrast and balance.  
  Breaking up Space 
  Our gaze naturally goes to the center of the page. It is the easier type of 
  compositional placement you can create. But this may cause problems. I will get to 
  that in a bit. 
  As human beings, when we’re drawing something, our natural tendency is to try to 
  make everything symmetrical. Just like it was with the stick figures in Lesson 3. 
  We want everything to be spaced out evenly and made to look exactly the same. 
  This has its place. If you look at icons, symbols and early paintings, they are very 
  symmetrical.  There’s something appealing and beautiful about the balance in 
  symmetry. The apparent “perfection” in symmetry. 
  There’s nothing really wrong with that. The problem is when symmetry is used 
  when it shouldn’t be. 
  For example, our natural 
  tendency is to put the center of 
  interest in our drawing or even 
  our photographs, right smack in 
  the middle of the frame. Like the 
  frame to the left. 
  When we’re beginning 
  draftsmen, we do this.  We split 
  the page in half and put the 
  center of interest right in the 
  middle. 
  This is just our natural tendency, 
  
   
   
  but the problem is that, just as a perfectly balanced designs with no contrast tend 
  to be boring, so are most drawings composed this way. 
  Introducing Contrast 
  This all gets fixed by introducing a bit of our old friend, contrast. 
  Let’s take for  example a very basic drawing where you’re going to draw a line for 
  the ground. Where do you usually put it? Right smack in the middle, splitting the 
  drawing in half. 
  Boring. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Instead, let’s start by playing  favorites.  
  Let’s put the line either 
  above the mid-point… 
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  95 
      …or below the mid-point: 
   
  Now you have contrast. 
  One side dominates. It’s 
  bigger, while the other 
  side is much smaller. 
  You have now created 
  interest. 
   
   
   
  Breaking Up the Space with Shapes 
  So if you don’t put your center of interest (the thing you want people to look at) in 
  the middle, where do you put it? 
  Well…off center. 
  Depending on how big or how far off center you move the center of interest 
  though, it can become off balance. If it’s off balance, it will feel strange to the 
  viewer and be dubbed ugly. 
  So for example, if you put the center of interest on the left, then you have to have 
  something on the right to balance it out. Whatever you use to balance the drawing 
  will often be around the same size and distance away from the main center of 
  interest. 
   
   
   
  
   
   
  Very much like a scale with the center of the picture acting like a fulcrum: 
   
  If the center of interest is 
  going to be larger in the 
  shot or smaller, you’ll 
  probably need to balance 
  that as well. You do this 
  by placing the objects in 
  such a way that, if they 
  were to be put on a 
  scale, they would 
  balance: 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  The big object above is 
  closer to the fulcrum 
  while the smaller needs 
  to be further away to 
  balance it out. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  97 
  Here is Balancing in Action 
  So here’s what it would look like with actual drawings. I took these drawings from a 
  BLACK TERROR KID comic I did for fun a few years ago. 
  In Figure 1 below, we have a low horizon and the two characters in the shot are 
  both off center but are balanced: 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Figure 1 
   
  Figure 2 below shows how the scales balance the picture out: 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Figure 2. 
  
   
   
   
  Figure 3 below is a much more dynamic angle. One character is closer to the 
  camera making him bigger while the other is further way, making him smaller. 
  In order to balance out these two contrasting sizes, I had to place the characters in 
  different places on the “scale: 
   
   
  Figure 3. 
   
  Figure 4 below shows the example of the scale and how the sizes balance out on 
  them. 
   
  Figure 4. 
  
   
   
  99 
  Your Exercise 
  I’m sure by this point, you’re drawing all kinds of things in margins, and any kind of 
  sheet of paper you can find. 
  Simply what I want you to do is, when you’re drawing environments or places with 
  ground planes, DON’T split the picture frame in half. 
  Practice putting the center of interest somewhere other than the center of the 
  frame and find ways to balance it with some other object in the picture. 
  I’m sure at this point, you’re having all kinds of fun messing around with drawing 
  pictures. 
  Trouble? 
  Q: I’m not sure about the whole using a “scale” thing. Does that mean I have to 
  draw a scale every time I draw something? 
  A: No, the scale was simply an illustration of the thinking involved when you’re 
  attempting to balance a composition.  Most of the time, adjusting the balance of a 
  composition is done intuitively. 
  Also, the objects that are put in balance do not have to be the same kind of 
  object.  If you draw a character as one object, the balancing object doesn’t have to 
  be another character, it can be a house, a tree, a chair,…whatever. As long as the 
  objects FEEL like they’re balancing each other. 
  Pro Tip 
  This is not even the tip of the iceberg on Composition. The subject is too vast. I 
  HAD to pick at least ONE thing to share with you about composition. 
  Here’s another, very quick tip.  See the picture  on the next page of my Kung Fu 
  Character Pen Grier? Notice there’s just a bunch of arrows in the drawing pointing 
  to her face? Even her finger is pointing at her face. That’s another way to think 
  about composition 
   
   
  
   
   
   
  Every element in 
  the drawing should 
  point to the center 
  of interest.  Not so 
  obviously as I did 
  in this picture. I 
  drew it that way to 
  make this point (no 
  pun intended). 
  If you’re subtle 
  about it, you can 
  have everything in 
  a drawing 
  harmoniously 
  point, like a bunch 
  of arrows, to where 
  you want the viewer to look and no one will even notice. 
   
  For example, take a close look at this picture. See if you can find all the “arrows” 
  pointing at the character in red: 
  
   
   
  101 
  Bonus Lesson 3: Formulas –  An Introduction to 
  Drawing Shorthand 
   “The number one benefit of information technology is that it empowers people to 
  do what they want to do. It lets people be creative. It lets people be productive. It 
  lets people learn things they didn’t think they could learn before, and so, in a 
  sense, it is all about potential.” ~Steve Ballmer 
    
  The Secret Of Ease. 
  Some draftsmen are 
  really good at drawing 
  fast. They sit down and 
  just crank their 
  drawings out. 
  Watching them draw is 
  like magic, especially 
  when they have a 
  special style they draw 
  in. 
  When you watch those 
  draftsmen draw, it’s like 
  a performance.  Why is 
  that? 
  Well, for one thing it’s practice and experience. It comes from drawing, 
  experimenting and making lots and lots of mistakes. 
  BUT, there’s something more– something that I’ve never actually heard anyone 
  mention and I don’t know why. 
  Perhaps it’s because no one has ever bothered to articulate it the way I’m about 
  to. 
  You see, after you’ve been drawing for a while, and you learn from teachers and 
  books, after you’ve done your experimenting and begin to get more and more 
  confident, you start developing what I call a “shorthand.” 
  
   
   
  What’s shorthand? It’s what I’m going to be writing about in this chapter. So let’s 
  get to it. 
  What a Shorthand Is 
  Simply put, a drawing “shorthand” is the simplification of a “drawing formula.” 
  What’s a drawing formula? 
  A drawing formula is the solutions a draftsman has come up with, that solve a 
  drawing problem. 
  At first, drawing is difficult because you have no solutions to drawing problems. 
  The more you draw the more solutions you develop.  Often, times teachers or 
  books give you pre-packaged solutions. 
  In Kung Fu, you learn what are called “forms.” A series of consecutive movements 
  that make up martial moves. Drawing formulas are like that. 
  You learn these pre-packaged solutions and it speeds up the drawing process.  
  You end up drawing better, faster. The better you get at using those solutions, the 
  better you’re drawings will be. 
  Once a formula is repeated so often that it becomes almost an instinct, you begin 
  to skip steps in the drawing formulas you use. Your mind makes a type of “short 
  hand” out of it.  You are still thinking about the steps but are not necessarily 
  drawing all the steps. 
  If you have multiple teachers or read multiple books, you end up learning MANY 
  formulas and lots of different solutions to drawing problems. 
  The trick with these solutions is to find the ones that work best for you. The ones 
  that solve the worst drawing problems fastest. This is done through trial and error, 
  as well as implementation of the formulas, learning the formulas well, and using 
  them. 
  When you do this long enough, something interesting starts to happen. If you’ve 
  learned multiple problem solving formulas, your mind begins to mix them up. You 
  begin to combine them, meld them into something new that works even better for 
  you. 
  Suddenly, you’ve developed a new shorthand unique to you, based on your 
  experiences with drawing and the formulas you’ve learned over the years. 
  Someone watching you draw can’t really figure out what part of what formula 
  you’re using. It looks like magic. 
  
   
   
  103 
  This creates YOUR formula, your shorthand, your voice, your style. You have a 
  pre-packaged solution that helps you speed up the drawing process and helps you 
  solve whatever new drawing problem comes your way. 
  You now know the secret to drawing. The thing that will help you take the fastest 
  steps forward. 
  Learn the solutions to drawing problems that great artists before you have 
  discovered. Practice them, apply them, assimilate them, and make them your own. 
  Stand on the shoulders of giants. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Who to Learn From 
  I was talking to a buddy of mine at work and he brought up the question, 
   
  "Whose formulas should I use? Who do I copy?" 
   
  Yeah, those are the questions aren't they. 
   
  To be honest the answers aren't absolute. The answer is..."it depends." 
   
  Who do YOU want to draw like? What are your drawing goals? Do you want to draw cartoony? 
  Do you want to draw realistic? Both? 
   
  How serious are you about this? Are you learning to draw for fun or because you want to make 
  this a profession? 
   
  Depending on your answers is where you should start. 
   
  Here's what I suggest for now, gather the artwork you like. Either digitally, in books, comic 
  books, magazine or newspaper clippings...whatever is easy for you. 
   
  You'll begin to see the direction you want to take your drawing. 
   
  If what you gather is all over the map in styles and types, create categories. Then choose one to 
  start with. 
   
  When I first started, I copied the art I gathered in this way. It was fun and gave me confidence. 
   
  If the artists you copy have written "how to" books, you're in luck. Pick them up. If they didn't, 
  find someone who draws in a similar way. 
   
  This is how I did it. 
   
  The next lessons I will share in upcoming books, will be about getting your skills to the next level 
  so that this sort of self-study will become easier and easier. 
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  Examples Formulas and Short Hand 
  Here’s an example of head formulas.  You often see this sort of thing in drawing 
  books. 
  The first example is a head drawing formula from Andrew Loomis, from his book 
  Drawing the Head and Hands: 
   
  There are quite a 
  few steps here. If 
  you use this 
  formula enough 
  and begin to 
  assimilate it, you 
  end up 
  developing a 
  short hand from 
  it. 
   
   
   
   
   
  It may end up looking something like this: 
   
  All the steps are 
  there in my head, 
  I just didn’t draw 
  them all out. 
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  105 
  Here’s another example of a head drawing formula. This one comes from George 
  Bridgman’s book Bridgman’s Complete Guide to Drawing from Life: 
  This formula is 
  different in that 
  the head is 
  made out of 
  straight lines. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Once you master his formula, you might end up with a shorthand that looks like 
  this: 
  Once again, all 
  the steps are 
  still there in my 
  mind, they just 
  aren’t there on 
  paper. 
  I must 
  emphasize that 
  you shouldn’t 
  rush to 
  shorthand.  
  Always work through the full formula until it becomes part of you. You’ll find the 
  shorthand will simply begin to happen. 
  If you rush and don’t learn the formulas well, your drawings will always seem off. 
  They won’t have a solid foundation at their core. 
  
   
   
  What You Should Pursue 
  There is no need to get as complicated right now as the examples above.  My 
  advice for you, right now, is simply to look at cartoons and characters you like and 
  try cataloguing their body parts. 
  Copy them. Make a note of their eyes, mouths ears…etc.  What strange shapes 
  do they make? What are they made of? 
  It should look something like this: 
   
  They don’t have to be perfect. Simply get used to copying.  Get the hang of it. 
  Begin to create a library of your favorite cartoon drawing solutions. 
  Why do this? Formulas tend to get complicated. Simply copying and learning 
  features and small body parts help you achieve “small victories” that will motivate 
  you to move forward.  You will be training your eyes to “see” better by copying and 
  you’ll be training your hands to draw what you’re seeing. 
  There’s no better way to learn these things than copying. From this point on, you’ll 
  be doing a lot of it. 
  
   
   
  107 
  Trouble? 
  Q: You talked a lot about formulas but you didn’t actually teach us any. What 
  gives?  I thought you were teaching us to draw! 
  A: I am, but I want you to learn to teach yourself first. Observe. Become 
  independent. Experiment. 
  Beginning lessons will be all about formulas. This final Bonus Lesson was written 
  to prepare you for what’s to come. 
  Pro Tip 
  Quite honestly, my best pro tip at this point is to copy. 
  Copy, copy, copy. 
  Learn to see. Learn to make judgments. Try to find formulas. 
  There will be a special copying chapter in the next book but begin now.  You won’t 
  regret it. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Extras 
  Thoughts and Stories 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  109 
  The Mystery of Drawing Talent Revealed 
   
  I've been thinking about drawing and talent a lot. 
  I had a talk with a friend of mine and he told me he doesn't think drawing talent 
  exists.  I thought that was very interesting because a few days before, a popular 
  cartoonist podcaster friend of mine ALSO told me he doubted that drawing talent 
  existed. 
  Personally, I have a theory on drawing talent.  It stems from my experiences as a 
  draftsman, and observing my four children draw, as well as stories from other 
  draftsmen. 
  I think this is what happens: 
  When we were kids, we drew. We drew and it was fun. It didn't MATTER if it was 
  the greatest drawing ever, the sheer pleasure of drawing was enough. 
  BUT something happened.  At some point, we suddenly became conscious of the 
  act of drawing.  Most likely around the age of 7 (the age of reason). Not only did 
  we become aware of the act of drawing, we started to become critical about it. Or 
  perhaps self-conscious about it.  
  Okay, so here's where my theory really comes in. 
  Around this time, something also starts happening. Some of us start figuring out 
  how to control the marks we make on the page. This is to say, we begin making 
  much more deliberate lines. We make the lines do what we WANT them to do.  
  Now here's the thing. 
  EVERY one of us, would EVENTUALLY get to this point. Some sooner, some 
  later. JUST LIKE WHEN WE LEARNED TO HANDWRITE but...some of us, 
  BEFORE we got to that point, simply quit. Perhaps out of frustration, fear, self-
  doubt, jealousy...whatever the reason, we quit before we got to the point where we 
  figured out how to be deliberate about controlling the lines we put on paper. We 
  WOULD have figured it out, but we quit. 
  Those who stuck to it and figured it out were then labelled "artistically talented", 
  and the rest where the "untalented". 
  We human being, with our capacity for abstract thought, are incredibly good at 
  getting in our own way, and screwing ourselves up. Who needs other people 
  messing us up when we're messing OURSELVES up just fine? 
  My point is this. YOU are your own worst enemy when it comes to learning how to 
  draw.  No one anywhere has told you CAN'T do it.  YOU have.  Stop it. 
  And if someone else HAS told you, you can't, don't listen to them, they're jerks. 
  
   
   
  Will you be Michelangelo once you start? No. No one is, and no one HAS been. 
  Only Michelangelo was Michelangelo. You will draw like you. 
  Everyone who is good at drawing eventually draws like they draw.  It's an 
  extension of who we are. You will get BETTER. More practiced. You will learn all 
  kinds of tools of the trade that you will use to make things happen on the page, but 
  it will still be how YOU do it.  
  My role is to inform you of all the tools and drawing conceits that will make you get 
  there faster. 
  The rest is all about you having a good enough time doing it, that you improve as 
  time goes by. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  111 
  A modified version of the following essay was posted at my blog at: www.luisescobarblog.com 
   
   
   
  Stages of a Developing Artist 
   
   
   
  So I thought it would be fun if I was to go back in time and show you my history 
  with drawing comics. 
  Why?  Is it because I was such a master artist from the get go?  
  On the contrary, it’s because I was so average, or even below average. You be 
  the judge. 
  A lot of the time people say, 
  “You’re so talented”. This phrase while, often used as a compliment, actually 
  under minds the years of hard work I’ve put into my craft.  My view of talent is this: 
  “Talent is only good for making you want to continue doing a thing. It doesn’t make 
  you good at it.” 
  What makes you good at it is frequency.  Practice and hard work makes you better 
  at something.   
  I know of artists who were less “talented” then me who are now much better artists 
  because they worked harder than I did at getting that way.  
  Sometimes, “talent” is a draw back.  If you rely on it too much, you might not 
  improve as fast as you could. 
  One day, on the way home from elementary school I got an idea for a comic strip. 
  Unfortunately, I don’t remember how old I was when this happened.  It also may 
  have happened at night as I was going to sleep. 
  I was either in 3rd, 4th or 5th grade at the time.  This would make me about, 8, 9, 
  or 10 years old. 
  The strip I came up with was the one labelled “1” on the following page. I’ve also 
  put the four strips that followed soon after: 
  
   
   
   
   
    
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  113 
  They didn’t stop at four. I continued to do more from that point on. 
  I kept all my strips from that time in my life in a scrapbook so I have all of my early 
  strips.  
  I’m showing you these first five strips, not to show off or show you how funny they 
  are (they aren’t).  
  The reason I’m showing you these is so you can note how awful they are.   
  Remember, I was around 8, 9 or 10 years old around this time. I’m sure you know 
  plenty of kids that age who draw better than this. 
  I would NOT accuse me of having “talent.”  I found drawing fun and I loved doing 
  these strips. THAT was my edge. I was playing, and playing is fun and motivating. 
  The fastest way to learn to draw is not to practice to get better. The best way to 
  get better at drawing is to make it play. To have the process itself be fun.  That 
  way, you’re practicing, without it FEELING like it’s practice. 
  As you’ll see in the following page, it’s interesting to see the development of the 
  jokes and the clarity of the art as well as the development of the designs and the 
  draftsmanship. 
  I will take the time to note, that while I drew these comics, I also did a lot of non-
  comic strip related drawings. The comics were just one of the many things I drew 
  growing up.  
  I bring this up so that you don’t think I only got better at drawing from drawing 
  comics. 
  79 comics (I counted them) and about two to three years later, when I was 12 or 
  13ish, my style had gone through a nice jump. 
  I used to copy other comic strips.  I used to read them obsessively.  I had art 
  books that taught drawing.   
  I stole styles from my favourite artists.  I would read their advice and completely 
  ignore them. Especially when they told me that I should learn to draw realistic in 
  order to learn to draw cartoons. 
  I was teaching myself. No mentors.   
  I’m sure my work would have improved much faster if I’d had a teacher who took 
  me under their wing. 
  
   
   
   
   
   
  As you can see I was improving, but I still wasn’t all that great. 
  Like many artists, I was under the impression that style was everything. I know 
  now that style gets you noticed, but good draftsmanship comes first.   
  It’s like being a writer who knows his grammar, and writing principles.  He can 
  communicate his ideas much better than a writer who has a unique writing style 
  and good ideas but can’t spell, can’t write clear sentences, or good paragraphs.  
  How is anyone going to understand what he writes? 
  My parents gave me ink and a crow quill that year, so I began to experiment with 
  my first “grown up” art supplies.   
   
  
   
   
  115 
  Somehow the tools didn’t magically make my stuff look any more professional: 
   
  My comic was originally called, Johny and his Gang but then I realized that the 
  Bazooka Joe comics where called Bazooka Joe and his Gang. Not only that, but 
  Bazooka Joe wore a hat and so did my character Johny. I thought I was going to 
  make a living off of my comic (I was in Junior High and delusional) so I changed 
  the name of the comic to Johnny B. Goode. 
  I drew a dozen or so of the Johnny comics after that and kinda retired the 
  character.  Still in Junior High (about 13 years old) I started some new comic 
  ideas.  This was one of them: 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  The comic in the previous page was colored in marker.  I had found my dad’s 
  markers and started using them to color my drawings. The comic didn’t go 
  anywhere. I think I only did two comics strips with both those characters. I drew a 
  lot during this time but I don’t think I drew very many comics. 
  As a freshman in High school (about 14 years old), I got the itch to do more strips, 
  which I thankfully dated. I took the sidekick character from the strip in the previous 
  page, because I liked writing him, and made him the lead of my new comic strip: 
   
  And so my Paul comics began. This would be the character I would draw comic 
  strips of, for the rest of High school (sorta).  I got rid of the markers (which I 
  couldn’t control) 
  and replaced 
  them with colored 
  pencils. 
  I still used a quill 
  to ink the 
  drawings. I did a 
  LOT of 
  experimenting 
  too. 
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  117 
  By my sophomore year (about 16 years old), I had “graduated” to using a brush to 
  ink my strips. 
   
  I drew about thirty to forty strips with my character Paul in total.  
  Somewhere along the way I just kinda ran out of juice. I was trying to develop my 
  drawing in other ways. I had a good art class that opened my eyes to other things. 
  Not only that but once I hit senior year, I was studying animation and that took all 
  my creative energy.  Below is one of the last comics I drew in my senior year (I 
  was 18). It was a remake of a strip I drew when I was a 15 years old, which is why 
  it has two dates: 
   
  I began work on The Simpsons the year I drew the strip above. 
  Since my life had changed so much, I didn’t really have time for creating comics. 
  My skills were not up to the level I needed them to be in order to keep my job at 
  the studio and I had to get my skills up fast. 
  
   
   
  Five years later, in 1998 I attempted to draw my own comic for the first time in a 
  long time.   
  This time instead of just a comic strip I was going to attempt a comic book story.  
  By this time I had a few Simpson Comics under my belt and I just wanted to try my 
  hand at doing my own.  
  I drew a 21 page rough of my story, fully intending to do another pass to flesh out 
  the character 
  designs and the 
  drawings. I just 
  wanted to run it 
  by some people 
  to see if it was 
  “working”. 
  I decided to use 
  my character 
  Paul from my 
  comic strips only 
  redesigned and 
  all “grown up”: 
  I didn’t finish it. 
  For the full story 
  as to why, as 
  well as a chance 
  to read what I 
  DID do, Got to: 
   
  www.luisescobar
  blog.com/7it 
   
  I’ve put up the 
  rough pages of 
  that comic, with 
  more legible 
  digital lettering. 
  
   
   
  119 
  In 2010, twelve years after my last attempt, I finished a eight page gag comic. It 
  was a blast. You can read it at: www.luisescobarblog.com/btk1  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  The irony is that THE BLACK TERROR KID looks a lot like that original version of 
  Paul I drew when I was 13. I’ve come a long way and yet I’m still drawing the 
  same stuff in the same way. I don’t know whether I should laugh or cry. 
  
   
   
  ABOUT THE AUTHOR 
   
  Storyboard artist on The Simpsons 
  television show. He’s been on the 
  show for 20 years. 
   
  Drew Simpsons comics on the side 
  for 12 of those years. 
   
  Married to the wonderful, beautiful 
  Alesha L. Escobar. Father of four 
  fun loving kids. 
   
  Loves comics, animation, board 
  games, table top role-playing 
  games, books and movies. 
   
  Has co-workers who take 
  embarrassing pictures of him 
  sleeping, during the production of  
  The Simpsons Movie. 
   
   
   
   
  For more about Luis Escobar visit: 
   
   
  His Blog: www.luisescobarblog.com 
  The Drawing Website: www.thedrawingwebsite.com 
  Luis’ Deviant art page: http://luisescobar.deviantart.com/ 
  Follow him on Twitter: @Luis_E_Escobar 
  Follow him on Facebook: www.facebook/LuisEscobarArtist 
  Follow him on Google+: Luis Escobar 
   
  Or contact him at: 
  Luis@luisescobarblog.com
  
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
  Are you ashamed of the way you draw? 
   
  This book is here to help. 
   
  If you can’t draw a straight line, if you can’t even draw a stick 
  figure, this is the book for you. 
   
  20 year animation veteran Luis Escobar, Storyboard artist for 
  The Simpsons Television show has structured this book in a very 
  unique way. 
   
  Using the model of a Kung Fu class, he takes absolute beginners 
  from the most basic drawing conditioning to a competent level 
  of drawing. Focusing on drawing cartoon characters. 
   
  In this book you’ll learn: 
   How you may already be drawing and don’t know it. 
   The dirty secret of drawing talent. 
   How learning to draw basic shape can let you draw anything. 
   How to draw stick figures with style. 
   What professionals know about tracing correctly. 
   How to draw basic cartoon characters…and much more 
   
  Most “how to draw” books always assume you have some level 
  of competency. This book doesn’t.  It helps you from the ground 
  up. 
   
  Draw as if you’ve been born to.  Amaze your friends.  Have fun 
  drawing again, like you did when you were little. 
   
  It’s time to learn some Draw Fu! 
  
SOURCE: textdata/thevault/Kid Friendly/2. Kid Inspiration & Fun RPG-related Crafts & Activities/How to Draw Books/Drawing Basics/The Art of Draw Fu - Beginner Level.pdf