# BIHEP-Th/98-9 A New Estimate of 𝐵→(𝜌,𝜔)+𝛾 In The Light-Cone QCD Sum Rule

## Abstract

We propose a new estimate of the process $`B(\rho ,\omega )+\gamma `$ by using the light-cone QCD sum rule. The aim is to choose the chiral quark current operators in order to eliminate the uncertainty arising from the chiral-even operators in the correlator. In the case of neglecting the corrections from $`\rho `$-meson mass, the sum rules for form factors are obtained, which are valid to the twist-three accuracy. The resulting branching ratios are consistent with the experimental data.

The rare decays of B mesons have been studied for years for a precise understanding of the physics of CP-Violation related to the structure of the CKM mixing matrix elements and testing of standard model to search for new physics. At present, only upper bounds on the exclusive modes $`B(\rho ,\omega )+\gamma `$ are available from CLEO$``$, namely $`Br(B^0\rho ^0\gamma )3.9\times 10^5`$, $`Br(B^0\omega \gamma )1.3\times 10^5`$, and $`Br(B^{}\rho ^{}\gamma )1.1\times 10^5`$ in Ref.. The rare decay modes $`B(\rho ,\omega )+\gamma `$ are very suitable for study with the light-cone QCD sum rule method, which is developed in Ref. recently, and have been investigated in Refs.. The points of the light-cone QCD sum rule are combining the traditional QCD sum rule method with the hadronic wavefunction descriptions of the hard exclusive process. However, instead of the small distance $`x0`$ in the traditional QCD sum rule method, the operator product expansion (OPE) in the light-cone sum rule is carried out in terms of nonlocal operators near the light cone $`x^20`$; and instead of the vacuum condensate, the nonperturbative dynamics is parametrized as so-called light-cone wavefunctions classified by their twist. Using the light-cone QCD sum rule, the authors in Ref. found the form factor $`F^{B\rho }(0)=0.285\pm 15\%`$ with the b-quark pole mass $`m_b=4.8GeV`$ and a threshold $`s_0=33.5\pm 0.5GeV^2`$. However, $`g_{}^\nu `$ and $`g_{}^a`$, the nonleading twist distribution wavefunctions of $`\rho `$ meson used in Ref., are not known well with a drastic effect on the resulting precision. In addition, there are the uncertainties in the b-quark pole mass and condensate parameters, which is an important input parameter in the light-cone sum rule for the form factor $`F^{B\rho }(0)`$. Therefore, a further precision investigation of this rare process is valuable and necessary. Ref. has made a new estimate of the process $`BK^{}\gamma `$ by choosing the chiral current operators in the correlator. Similarly, through the choices of the chiral current operators in the correlation function, the uncertain nonperturbative quantities can be eliminated effectively from the respective sum rules for the form factor $`F^{B\rho }(0)`$ and decay constant $`f_B`$, and thus a more precise prediction for the rare process can be made.

Following the procedure in Ref., we calculate the rare decay $`B\rho \gamma `$ which is induced by the effective Hamiltonian

$$H_{eff}=\frac{4G_F}{\sqrt{2}}\xi _t\underset{j=1}{\overset{8}{}}C_j(\mu )O_j(\mu )$$
(1)   
where $`\xi _t=V_{tb}V_{td}^{}`$, $`C_i(\mu )`$ are Wilson coefficients and the apparent forms of operators $`O_i(\mu )`$ are discussed in Refs..

In the process $`B\rho \gamma `$, the electromagnetic penguin operator $`O_7=\frac{e}{16\pi ^2}m_b\overline{d}\sigma ^{\mu \nu }\frac{1+\gamma _5}{2}bF_{\mu \nu }`$ plays the most important role and it leads to the effective Hamiltonian responsible to $`bd+\gamma `$:

$$H_{eff}=Cm_bϵ^\mu \overline{d}\sigma _{\mu \nu }(1+\gamma _5)q^\nu b,$$
(2)   
where $`ϵ`$ and q are the emitted photon polarization vector and momentum, respectively; the constant C depends on the CKM matrix elements $`V_{tb}V_{td}^{}`$.

Then the amplitude for $`B(p+q)\rho (p,\eta )+\gamma (q,ϵ)`$ becomes:

$$A(B\rho \gamma )=Cm_bϵ^\mu <\rho (p,\eta )|\overline{d}\sigma _{\mu \nu }(1+\gamma _5)q^\nu b|B(p+q)>.$$
(3)   
With $`\sigma _{\mu \nu }\gamma _5=\frac{i}{2}ϵ_{\mu \nu \alpha \beta }\sigma ^{\alpha \beta }`$, we can parametrize the hadronic matrix element (at $`q^2=0`$) in Eq.(3) as

$$<\rho (p,\eta )|\overline{d}\sigma _{\mu \nu }(1+\gamma _5)q^\nu b|B(p+q)>=(2iϵ_{\mu \nu \alpha \beta }\eta ^\nu q^\alpha p^\beta +2pq\eta _\mu 2q\eta p_\mu )F^{B\rho }(0).$$
(4)   
Thus the decay width $`\mathrm{\Gamma }(B\rho \gamma )`$ can be easily written as

$$\mathrm{\Gamma }(B\rho \gamma )=\frac{\alpha }{32\pi ^4}G_F^2\left|V_{tb}\right|^2\left|V_{td}^{}\right|^2\left|F^{B\rho }(0)\right|^2C_7(\chi _t,m_b)^2(m_b^2+m_d^2)\frac{(m_B^2m_\rho ^2)^3}{m_B^3}.$$
(5)   
Now we are in a position to calculate the form factor $`F^{B\rho }(0)`$ in the light-cone QCD sum rule framework. In order to eliminate the uncertain nonperturbative quantities $`g_{}^\nu `$ and $`g_{}^a`$, we adopt the following correlator of the chiral current operators

$$F_\mu (p,q)=id^4xe^{iqx}<\rho (p,\eta )|T\overline{d}(x)\sigma _{\mu \nu }(1+\gamma _5)q^\nu b(x)\overline{b}(0)i(1+\gamma _5)u(0)|0>,$$
(6)   
which is different from Ref.. $`F_\mu (p,q)`$ can further be written as two separate terms:

$`F_\mu (p,q)`$ $`=`$ $`i{\displaystyle d^4xe^{iqx}<\rho (p,\eta )|T(\overline{d}(x)\sigma _{\mu \nu }(1+\gamma _5)q^\nu b(x)\overline{b}(0)iu(0))|0>}`$ (7)   
$`+`$ $`<\rho (p,\eta )|T(\overline{d}(x)\sigma _{\mu \nu }(1+\gamma _5)q^\nu b(x)\overline{b}(0)i\gamma _5u(0))|0>.`$   
Both pseudoscalar resonance states $`B_p^h`$ and scalar resonance states $`B_s^h`$ in the hadronic expression give contributions to the correlation function:

$`F_\mu (p,q)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{<\rho |T(\overline{d}\sigma _{\mu \nu }(1+\gamma _5)q^\nu b)|B><B|\overline{b}i\gamma _5u|0>}{m_B^2(p+q)^2}}`$ (8)   
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{h}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{<\rho |T(\overline{d}\sigma _{\mu \nu }(1+\gamma _5)q^\nu b)|B_{p(s)}^h><B_{p(s)}^h|\overline{b}i(1+\gamma _5)u|0>}{m_{B_{p(s)}^h}^2(p+q)^2}}`$   
which can be parametrized as the Lorentz-covariant form:

$$F_\mu (p,q)=(2iϵ_{\mu \nu \alpha \beta }\eta ^\nu q^\alpha p^\beta +2pq\eta _\mu 2q\eta p_\mu )F((p+q)^2).$$
(9)   
The invariant amplitude $`F((p+q)^2)`$ obeys a general dispersion relation in the momentum squared $`(p+q)^2`$:

$$F((p+q)^2)=_{m_B}^{\mathrm{}}\frac{\rho (s)}{s(p+q)^2}𝑑s+subtractionterms.$$
(10)   
Using the relation $`<B|\overline{b}i\gamma _5u|0>=\frac{m_B^2}{m_b}f_B`$, and isolating the contribution of the lowest B meson from the spectral density, we have

$$\rho (s)=\delta (sm_B^2)\frac{m_B^2}{m_b}f_BF^{B\rho }(0)+\rho ^h(s),$$
(11)   
where $`\rho ^h(s)`$ denotes the spectral density of higher resonances and continuum states $`B_{p(s)}^h`$, and is approximated as by invoking so-called quark-hadron duality ansatz

$$\rho ^h(s)=\rho _{QCD}(s)\mathrm{\Theta }(ss_0)$$
(12)   
with the perturbative spectral density $`\rho _{QCD}(s)`$ and the threshold parameter $`s_0`$. Putting everything together, we obtain the hadronic expression for $`F((p+q)^2)`$:

$$F((p+q)^2)=\frac{m_B^2f_BF^{B\rho }(0)}{m_b[m_B^2(p+q)^2]}+_{s_0}^{\mathrm{}}\frac{\rho _{QCD}(s)}{s(p+q)^2}𝑑s.$$
(13)   
On the other hand, the form factor $`F_\mu ((p+q)^2)`$ is calculable in the region of large spacelike momenta $`(p+q)^20`$ by the OPE near the light cone $`x^2=0`$. Because of the large virtuality of the b quark, it is safe to calculate the form factor in the light-cone expansion. Here we confine ourselves to the leading contribution in the OPE, which comes from the contraction of the b-quark operators to the free b-quark propagator:

$`<0|Tb(x)\overline{b}(0)|0>`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi )^4}e^{ipx}i\frac{\text{/}p+m_b}{p^2m_b^2}}`$   
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{d\alpha }{16\pi ^2\alpha ^2}}(m_b+i{\displaystyle \frac{\text{/}x}{2\alpha }})e^{m_b^2\alpha +\frac{x^2}{4\alpha }}.`$   
It has been shown in Ref. that the gluon radiative corrections make less than $`5\%`$ contribution and can be ignored in our calculation. Substituting Eq.(14) into Eq.(6), we obtain

$$F_\mu (p,q)=2m_b_0^{\mathrm{}}\frac{d\alpha }{16\pi ^2\alpha ^2}𝑑xe^{iqxm_b^2\alpha +\frac{x^2}{4\alpha }}<\rho (p,\eta )|\overline{d}(x)\sigma _{\mu \nu }q^\nu (1+\gamma _5)u(0)|0>.$$
(15)   
With the correlator we choose, only the chiral current matrix element $`<\rho (p,\eta )|\overline{d}(x)\sigma _{\mu \nu }q^\nu (1+\gamma _5)u(0)|0>`$ remains, while the chiral-even operator matrix elements $`<\rho |\overline{d}(x)\gamma _\mu u(0)|0>`$ and $`<\rho |\overline{d}(x)\gamma _\mu \gamma _5u(0)|0>`$ disappear. This will be very useful to improve the sum rule for the form factor $`F^{B\rho }(0)`$. If we neglect the corrections from $`\rho `$-meson mass, the matrix element $`<\rho (p,\eta )|\overline{d}(x)\sigma _{\mu \nu }q^\nu (1+\gamma _5)u(0)|B>`$ can be defined as Ref.

$$<\rho (p,\eta )|\overline{d}(x)\sigma _{\mu \nu }q^\nu (1+\gamma _5)u(0)|0>=i[(q\eta )p_\mu (pq)\eta _\mu +iϵ_{\mu \nu \alpha \beta }e^\nu q^\alpha p^\beta ]_0^1𝑑ue^{iupx}f_{}\phi _{}(u),$$

where the variable u is the fraction of $`\rho `$-meson momentum carried by the d quark and the value of decay constant $`f_{}`$ can be found in Ref., $`f_{}=(160\pm 10)`$ MeV; the leading twist wavefunction $`\phi _{}(u)`$ should be taken at the scale characterizing virtuality of the b quark, $`\mu ^2m_B^2m_b^25GeV^2`$.

At present, the $`F((p+q)^2)`$ in light-cone QCD sum rule reads

$$F((p+q)^2)=m_b_0^{\mathrm{}}\frac{d\alpha }{16\pi ^2\alpha }𝑑xe^{iqxm_b^2\alpha +\frac{x^2}{4\alpha }}_0^1𝑑ue^{iupx}\phi _{}(u,\mu ^2)f_{}.$$
(16)   
Completing the integral over x and $`\alpha `$, and replacing the variable u by $`s=\frac{m_b^2}{u}+(1u)m_\rho ^2`$ , we have the form factor

$$F((p+q)^2)=m_b_{m_b^2}^{\mathrm{}}\frac{\phi _{}(u,\mu ^2)}{s(p+q)^2}\frac{u}{u^2m_\rho ^2+m_b^2}f_{}𝑑s.$$
(17)   
Making the Borel transformation with respect to the variable $`(p+q)^2`$ in the hadronic and the QCD expressions and then equating Eq.(13) with Eq.(18), we obtain the desired sum rule for the form factor $`F^{B\rho }(0)`$:

$$\frac{m_B^2}{m_b}f_BF^{B\rho }(0)e^{\frac{(m_B^2m_b^2)}{T}}=_{u(s_0)}^1\frac{m_bf_{}}{u}\phi _{}(u,\mu ^2)e^{\frac{u1}{T}(\frac{m_b^2}{u}+m_\rho ^2)}𝑑u,$$
(18)   
where T is the Borel parameter.

It has been shown from the above expression that the distribution wavefunctions $`\phi _{}`$, $`g_{}^\nu `$ and $`g_{}^a`$ disappear in Eq.(19) and the uncertainty due to them is avoided. Thus our sum rule for $`F^{B\rho }(0)`$ to the twist-3 accuracy is valid, if the corrections from $`\rho `$-meson mass are not taken into account.

Now we will choose some input parameters for the sum rule (19), which are the light-cone wavefunction $`\phi _{}(u,\mu ^2=5GeV^2)`$, decay constant $`f_B`$ and b-quark pole mass $`m_b`$. For the same reason as in Ref., we can set $`m_b=4.7,4.8`$ and $`4.9GeV`$, accordingly with $`f_B=165,120`$ and $`85MeV`$. For the light-cone wavefunction $`\phi _{}(u,\mu ^2=5GeV^2)`$, taking into account isospin symmetry we make use of the same form for $`\rho ^+`$, $`\rho ^{}`$, $`\rho ^0`$ and $`\omega `$:

$$\phi _{}(u,\mu ^2)=6u(1u)[1+0.138\times 7.5(\xi ^20.2)]$$
(19)   
with $`\xi =2u1`$ in Ref. and

$$\phi _{}(u,\mu ^2)=6u(1u)[1+0.077\times 7.5(\xi ^20.2)0.077\times (39.375\xi ^426.25\xi ^2+1.875)]$$
(20)   
with $`\xi =2u1`$ in Ref. respectively.

A comparison of the wavefunctions, which are respectively introduced by P.Ball and V.M.Braun in Ref. and A.P.Bakulev and S.V.MIkhailov in Ref., is depicted in Fig.1. Numerical calculations corresponding to the different wavefunctions will be discussed in the following two cases.

Case a, with the light-cone wavefunction Eq.(20), the best stability in the sum rules for $`F^{B\rho }(0)`$ exists in the window $`T=6.010.0GeV^2`$, with a threshold $`s_0=3234GeV^2`$. Then we obtain the form factors $`F^{B\rho ^\pm }(0)=0.335\pm 0.050`$, $`F^{B\rho ^0/\omega }(0)=0.237\pm 0.035`$ and the branching ratio $`Br(B\rho ^\pm \gamma )=(2.71\pm 1.00)\times 10^6`$, $`Br(B(\rho ^0,\omega )+\gamma )=(1.36\pm 0.50)\times 10^6`$. The results are greater than these in Ref. slightly.

Case b, with the light-cone wavefunction in Ref., the best stability exists in the window $`T=6.010.0GeV^2`$, with a threshold $`s_0=3033GeV^2`$. This leads the form factor $`F^{B\rho ^\pm }(0)=0.272\pm 0.029`$, $`F^{B\rho ^0/\omega }(0)=0.192\pm 0.021`$ and the branching ratio $`Br(B\rho ^\pm \gamma )=(1.79\pm 0.61)\times 10^6`$, $`Br(B(\rho ^0,\omega )+\gamma )=(0.90\pm 0.31)\times 10^6`$. This result accords with that $`F^{B\rho ^\pm }(0)=0.28`$ in Ref..

The variations of $`F^{B\rho }(0)`$ with the threshold $`s_0`$ and the Borel parameter T are drawn in Fig.2 and Fig.3. Here we would like to emphasize that the form factor $`F^{B\rho }(0)`$ is dependent on the decay constant $`f_B`$ and the factor $`m_b^2\text{Exp}(\frac{m_b^2}{Tu})`$ in Eq.(19). This is the reason why the large variation of $`f_B`$ with $`m_b`$ cannot make the form factor $`F^{B\rho }(0)`$ a great difference. The thresholds $`s_0`$ in our case (a and b) are both lower than that in Ref. because the mass of the lowest scalar B meson is smaller than that of the first excited pseudoscalar B meson. Compared with the experimental observation in CLEO$``$, $`Br(B^0\rho ^0\gamma )3.9\times 10^5`$, $`Br(B^0\omega \gamma )1.3\times 10^5`$ and $`Br(B^{}\rho ^{}\gamma )1.1\times 10^5`$ in Ref., our results with the two kinds of light-cone wave functions are below the experimental upper limit.

In summary, we have reanalyzed the rare process $`B(\rho ,\omega )+\gamma `$ in the light-cone QCD sum rule framework by introducing a chiral current correlator, which is different from that in Ref.. In this approach, the chiral-even operator matrix elements, which have not been parametrized precisely by light-cone wave functions, disappear for the form factor $`F^{B\rho }(0)`$. Further, neglecting the corrections from $`\rho `$-meson mass, we have derived the sum rules for form factors to twist-3 accuracy. Because of the sensitivity of the numerical results to the decay constant $`f_B`$, we have given precision values of the decay constant $`f_B`$ to leading order in QCD, with the b-quark pole mass $`m_b=4.74.9GeV`$. Numerically, the form factors, $`F^{B\rho ^\pm }(0)=0.335\pm 0.050`$, $`F^{B\rho ^0/\omega }(0)=0.237\pm 0.035`$ and the branching ratios $`Br(B\rho ^\pm \gamma )=(2.71\pm 1.00)\times 10^6`$, $`Br(B(\rho ^0,\omega )+\gamma )=(1.36\pm 0.50)\times 10^6`$ with wavefunctions of P.Ball and V.M.Braun; and the form factors $`F^{B\rho ^\pm }(0)=0.272\pm 0.029`$, $`F^{B\rho ^0/\omega }(0)=0.192\pm 0.021`$ and the branching ratios $`Br(B\rho ^\pm \gamma )=(1.79\pm 0.61)\times 10^6`$, $`Br(B(\rho ^0,\omega )+\gamma )=(0.90\pm 0.31)\times 10^6`$ with those of A.P.Bakulev and S.V.Mikhailov. Both of them are below the experimental upper limit. The different predictions will be tested by future precise experiments.

Figure captions

Figure 1: Curves for the different wavefunctions of the $`\rho `$ meson. The solid line represents the one of P.Ball and V.M.Braun, and the dashed one represents the one of A.P.Bakulev and S.V.Mikhailov.

Figure 2: The form factors $`F^{B\rho }(0)`$ corresponding to the threshold $`s_0=33GeV^2`$ using the wavefunction of P.Ball and V.M.Braun. With $`m_b=4.7,4.8`$ and $`4.9GeV`$ respectively, the best fits are shown in the window $`T=610GeV^2`$.

Figure 3: The form factors $`F^{B\rho }(0)`$ corresponding to the threshold $`s_0=31.5GeV^2`$ using the wavefunction of A.P.Bakulev and S.V.Mikhailov. With $`m_b=4.7,4.8`$ and $`4.9GeV`$ respectively, the best fits are shown in the window $`T=610GeV^2`$.