# Improvement of SNR with Chaotic Spreading Sequences for CDMA

ITW 1999, Kruger National Park, South Africa, June 20 – June 25

Improvement of SNR with Chaotic Spreading Sequences for CDMA 

Ken Umeno<sup>2</sup><sup>2</sup>2This work was partly supported by President’s Special Research Grant of RIKEN.Ken-ichi Kitayama

Communications Research Laboratory, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications 4-2-1,Nukui-Kitamachi,Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan   
{umeno,kitayama}@crl.go.jp

Abstract —  We show that chaotic spreading sequences generated by ergodic mappings of Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials have better correlation properties for CDMA than the optimal binary sequences (Gold sequences) in the sense of ensemble average. 

I. Introduction

Recently, the applications of chaos to practical communication systems are gaining attention. Here, we investigate correlation properties of some ideal chaotic signals for their use as spreading sequences in CDMA.

II. Model and Theory

We consider chaotic spreading sequences for CDMA as follows.

$`X_{n+1}^{\left(1\right)}=T\left[X_n^{\left(1\right)}\right]\text{User 1}`$   
$`\mathrm{}`$   
$`X_{n+1}^{\left(K\right)}=T\left[X_n^{\left(K\right)}\right]\text{User K}.`$   
Here, $`T(x)`$ is assumed to be one of Chebyshev polynomials $`T_m(x),m2`$ defined by $`T_m[\mathrm{cos}(\theta )]=\mathrm{cos}(m\theta )`$.

$$T_1\left(x\right)=x,T_2\left(x\right)=2x^21,T_3\left(x\right)=4x^33x,\mathrm{}.$$
(1)   
We consider periodic sequences ($`X_{n+N}=X_n`$) as the spreading sequences. With an explicit expression of an ergodic invariant measure $`\rho (x)dx=\frac{dx}{\pi \sqrt{1x^2}}`$ of $`T_m(x),m2`$, they satisfies the orthogonal relation

$$_1^1T_i\left(x\right)T_j\left(x\right)\rho \left(x\right)𝑑x=\delta _{i,j}\frac{\left(1+\delta _{i,0}\right)}{2}.$$
(2)   
Here, $`\delta _{i,j}`$ is the Kronecker delta function. It is known that these periodic orbits of ergodic dynamical systems are distributed according to the ergodic invariant measure. Thus, we can estimate a mean energy of spreading sequences

$$\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{}}T^2\left(X_j\right)=N_1^1T\left(x\right)^2\rho \left(x\right)𝑑x=\frac{1}{2}N.$$
(3)   
$$\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{}}T\left(X_j\right)T\left(X_{j+l}\right)=N_1^1T_m\left(x\right)T_{m^{l+1}}\rho \left(x\right)𝑑x=0$$
(4)   
The mean interference noise $`Pn`$ is 0 as derived in

$$\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{}}T\left(X_j\right)T\left(Y_j\right)=N_1^1T\left(x\right)\rho \left(x\right)𝑑x_1^1T\left(y\right)\rho \left(y\right)𝑑y=0.$$
(5)   
By the Eq. (8) of Ref.  the mean variance of the interference noise can also be estimated as follows:

$$Pn^2\left[\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{}}T\left(X_j\right)T\left(Y_j\right)\right]^2=\frac{1}{4}N.$$
(6)   
Thus, with the use of the Gaussian assumption for $`K1`$ interference noises, we finally obtain the mean SNR denoted by $`R_{\text{chaos}}(K)`$ as follows:

$$R_{\text{chaos}}\left(K\right)=\frac{\frac{1}{2}N}{\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{N\left(K1\right)}}=\sqrt{\frac{N}{K1}}.$$
(7)   
On the other hand, the mean SNR for Gold sequences obtained by Tamura, Nakano, and Okazaki is given by

$$R_{\text{Gold}}\left(K\right)=\sqrt{\frac{N^3}{\left(K1\right)\left(N^2+N1\right)}}.$$
(8)   
Thus, we show the following relations about mean SNR between chaotic spreading sequences and Gold sequences.

$$R_{\text{Gold}}\left(K\right)<R_{\text{chaos}}\left(K\right)\text{for}N<\mathrm{}$$
(9)   
$$\underset{N\mathrm{}}{lim}R_{\text{Gold}}\left(K\right)/R_{\text{chaos}}\left(K\right)=1,$$
(10)   
which exhibits a fact that suitable chaotic sequences can have better correlation properties for CDMA than the optimal binary sequences. Our estimation of SNR for chaotic sequences is also applied to other chaotic maps with explicit invariant measures .

III. Conclusion

We elucidate a correlation merit of chaotic spreading sequences by using the orthogonal properties of Chebyshev ergodic maps.

Acknowledgements

We thank T. Itabe and Y. Furuhama of CRL for their encouragement.

References