# References

$`K`$-matrices for non-abelian quantum Hall states   
Eddy Ardonne<sup>1</sup>, Peter Bouwknegt<sup>2</sup>, Sathya Guruswamy<sup>1</sup> and Kareljan Schoutens<sup>1</sup> <sup>1</sup> Institute for Theoretical Physics   
University of Amsterdam   
Valckenierstraat 65   
1018 XE Amsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS <sup>2</sup> Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics   
University of Adelaide   
Adelaide, SA 5005, AUSTRALIA

Abstract

Two fundamental aspects of so-called non-abelian quantum Hall states (the $`q`$-pfaffian states and more general) are a (generalized) pairing of the participating electrons and the non-abelian statistics of the quasi-hole excitations. In this paper, we show that these two aspects are linked by a duality relation, which can be made manifest by considering the $`K`$-matrices that describe the exclusion statistics of the fundamental excitations in these systems.

ITFA-99-18

ADP-99-30/M85

cond-mat/9908285 August 1999

1. Introduction

In the description of low-energy excitations over abelian fractional quantum Hall (fqH) states, an important role is played by the so-called $`K`$-matrices, which characterize the topological order of the fqH state (see  for a review). These $`K`$-matrices act as parameters in Landau-Ginzburg-Chern-Simons (LGCS) field theories for bulk excitations and in the chiral Conformal Field Theories (CFT) that describe excitations at the edge. At the same time, the $`K`$-matrices provide the parameters for the fractional exclusion statistics (in the sense of Haldane ) of the edge excitations over the fqH states. For a simple example of this, consider the Laughlin fqH state at filling fraction $`\nu =\frac{1}{m}`$, with $`K`$-matrix equal to the number $`m`$. Following the analysis in , one finds that the parameters $`g_e`$ and $`g_\varphi `$ that characterize the exclusion statistics of the edge electrons (of charge $`Q=e`$) and edge quasi-holes ($`Q=+\frac{e}{m}`$), respectively, are given by

$$g_e=𝐊=m,g_\varphi =𝐊^1=\frac{1}{m}.$$
(1.1)   
In this paper, we shall denote these and similar parameters by $`𝐊_e`$ and $`𝐊_\varphi `$, respectively.

The $`(e,\varphi )`$ basis for edge excitations is natural in view of the following statements about duality and completeness. The particle-hole duality between the edge electron and quasi-hole excitations is expressed through the relation $`𝐊_\varphi =𝐊_e^1`$ and through the absense of mutual exclusion statistics between the two. It leads to the following relation between the 1-particle distribution functions $`n_e(ϵ)`$ and $`n_\varphi (ϵ)`$

$$mn_e(ϵ)=1\frac{1}{m}n_\varphi (\frac{ϵ}{m}).$$
(1.2)   
In physical terms, the duality implies that the absence of edge electrons with energies $`ϵ<0`$ is equivalent to the presence of edge quasi-holes with positive energies, and vice versa. By the completeness of the $`(e,\varphi )`$ basis we mean that the collection of all multi-$`e`$, multi-$`\varphi `$ states span a basis of the chiral Hilbert space of all edge excitations. In mathematical terms, this is expressed by a formula that expresses the partition sum for the edge excitations as a so-called Universal Chiral Partition Function (UCPF) (see, e.g.,  and references therein) based on the matrix

$$𝐊_e𝐊_\varphi =\left(\begin{array}{cc}m& 0\\ 0& \frac{1}{m}\end{array}\right).$$
(1.3)   
We refer to  for an extensive discussion of these results, and to  for an extension to (abelian) fqH states with more general $`n\times n`$ $`K`$-matrices.

Turning our attention to non-abelian quantum Hall states, we observe that the chiral CFT for the edge excitations are not free boson theories. This implies that for these states the notion of a $`K`$-matrix needs to be generalized. In this paper, we shall show that the exclusion statistics of the fundamental edge ‘quasi-hole’ and ‘electron’ excitations over non-abelian quantum Hall states give rise to matrices that are closely analogous to the $`K`$-matrices in the abelian case, and we therefore refer to these matrices as the $`K`$-matrices for non-abelian quantum Hall states. We present results for the $`q`$-pfaffian state , for the so-called parafermionic quantum Hall states  and for the non-abelian spin-singlet states recently proposed in . A more detailed account, including explicit derivations of the results presented here, will be given elsewhere .

2. Pfaffian quantum Hall states for spinless electrons

The so-called $`q`$-pfaffian quantum Hall states, at filling fraction $`\nu =\frac{1}{q}`$ were proposed in 1991 by Moore and Read  and have been studied in considerable detail . The charged spectrum contains fundamental quasi-holes of charge $`\frac{e}{2q}`$ and electron-type excitations with charge $`e`$ and fermionic braid statistics. The edge CFT can be written in terms of a single chiral boson and real (Majorana) fermion, leading to a central charge $`c=\frac{3}{2}`$. The exclusion statistics of the edge quasi-holes were studied in . In the second reference, it was found that the thermodynamics of the edge quasi-hole can be described by the following equations

$$\frac{\lambda _01}{\lambda _0}\lambda _0\lambda ^{\frac{1}{2}}=1,\frac{\lambda 1}{\lambda }\lambda _0^{\frac{1}{2}}\lambda ^{\frac{q+1}{4q}}=x,$$
(2.1)   
with $`x=e^{\beta (\mu _\varphi ϵ)}`$. Comparing this with the general form of the Isakov-Ouvry-Wu (IOW) equations for particles with exclusion statistics matrix $`𝐊`$ ,

$$\left(\frac{\lambda _a1}{\lambda _a}\right)\underset{b}{}\lambda _b^{K_{ab}}=x_a,$$
(2.2)   
one identifies

$$𝐊_\varphi =\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}\\ {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}& \frac{q+1}{4q}\end{array}\right)$$
(2.3)   
as the statistics matrix for particles $`(\varphi _0,\varphi )`$, where $`\varphi `$ is the edge quasi-hole of charge $`\frac{e}{2q}`$. The other particle $`\varphi _0`$ does not carry any charge or energy and is called a pseudo-particle. The presence of this particle accounts for the non-abelian statistics of the physical particle $`\varphi `$ . Eliminating $`\lambda _0`$ from equations (2.1) gives

$$(\lambda 1)(\lambda ^{\frac{1}{2}}1)=x^2\lambda ^{\frac{3q1}{2q}},$$
(2.4)   
in agreement with .

The duality between the $`\varphi `$ and $`e`$ excitations over the $`q`$-pfaffian state was first discussed in , where it was also shown how the correct spectrum of the edge CFT is reconstructed using the $`e`$ and $`\varphi `$ quanta. Here we present a discussion at the level of $`K`$-matrices where, as in eqn. (1.1), the dual sector is reached by inverting the matrix $`𝐊_\varphi `$ of eqn. (2.3).

Starting from the IOW equations (2.2), and denoting by $`\lambda _a^{}`$ and $`x_a^{}`$ the quantities corresponding to $`𝐊^{}=𝐊^1`$, we have the correspondence 

$$\lambda _a^{}=\frac{\lambda _a}{\lambda _a1},x_a^{}=\underset{b}{}x_b^{K_{ab}^1}.$$
(2.5)   
which leads, among others, directly to the (appropriate generalization of) eqn. (1.2).

For the $`q`$-pfaffian state, we define the $`K`$-matrix for the electron sector ($`e`$-sector) to be the inverse of $`𝐊_\varphi `$

$$𝐊_e=𝐊_\varphi ^1=\left(\begin{array}{cc}q+1& 2q\\ 2q& 4q\end{array}\right).$$
(2.6)   
Inspecting the right hand sides of the duality-transformed IOW equations, we find $`x_1^{}=y`$ and $`x_2^{}=y^2`$, with $`y=e^{\beta (\mu _eϵ^{})}`$, where $`ϵ^{}=2qϵ`$ and $`\mu _e=2q\mu _\varphi `$ (i.e., $`y=x^{2q}`$), indicating that the two particles in the $`e`$-sector carry charge $`Q=e`$ and $`Q=2e`$, respectively. We shall denote these particles by $`\mathrm{\Psi }_1`$ and $`\mathrm{\Psi }_2`$. The first particle is quickly identified with the edge electron, with self-exclusion parameter equal to $`q+1`$. The presence of a ‘composite’ particle $`\mathrm{\Psi }_2`$ of charge $`2e`$ has its origin in the fundamental electron pairing that is implied by the form of the pfaffian wave function.

As before, there is no mutual exclusion statistics between the $`e`$\- and the $`\varphi `$-sectors. In ref. , we show that the conformal characters of the edge CFT can be cast in the UCPF form with matrix $`𝐊_e𝐊_\varphi `$. The value $`c=\frac{3}{2}`$ of the central charge follows as a direct consequence .

We remark that the usual relations between the charge vector $`𝐐_e^T=(e,2e)`$, $`𝐐_\varphi ^T=(0,\frac{e}{2q})`$, the matrices $`𝐊_e`$, $`𝐊_\varphi `$ and the filling fraction $`\nu `$ are satisfied in this non-abelian context

$$𝐊_e=𝐊_\varphi ^1,𝐐_e=𝐊_\varphi ^1𝐐_\varphi ,$$

$$\nu e^2=𝐐_\varphi ^T𝐊_\varphi ^1𝐐_\varphi =𝐐_e^T𝐊_e^1𝐐_e.$$
(2.7)   
These relations, which hold in all examples discussed in this paper, together with the UCPF form of the conformal characters, motivate our claim that $`𝐊_e`$ and $`𝐊_\varphi `$ are the appropriate generalizations of the $`K`$-matrices in this non-abelian setting.

We shall now proceed and link the composite $`Q=2e`$ particle in the electron sector to the supercurrent that is familiar in the context of the BCS theory for superconductivity. For this argument, it is useful to follow the $`q`$-pfaffian state as a function of $`q`$ with $`0q2`$. This procedure can be interpreted in terms of a flux-attachment transformation . For $`q=2`$ we have the fermionic pfaffian state at $`\nu =\frac{1}{2}`$ and $`q=1`$ gives a bosonic pfaffian state at $`\nu =1`$. In the non-magnetic limit, $`q0`$, we recognize the pfaffian wave function as the coordinate space representation of a specific superconducting BCS state with complex $`p`$-wave pairing . In the limit $`q0`$, the particle $`\mathrm{\Psi }_2`$ has exclusion parameter $`g=0`$ and can, as we shall argue, be associated with the supercurrent of the superconducting state. \[In fact, the mutual exclusion statistics between $`\mathrm{\Psi }_2`$ and $`\mathrm{\Psi }_1`$ vanishes as well in the limit $`q0`$.\] The exclusion statistics parameter for the $`\varphi `$-particle diverges for $`q0`$, meaning that in this limit the $`\varphi `$-sector no longer contributes to the physical edge spectrum.

In a quantum state that has all electrons paired, the fundamental flux quantum is $`\frac{h}{2e}`$. Piercing the sample with precisely this amount of flux leads to a quasi-hole excitation of charge $`\frac{e}{2q}`$. This excitation also contains a factor which acts as the spin-field with respect to the neutral fermion in the electron-sector; the latter factor is at the origin of the non-abelian statistics . For $`q=1,2,\mathrm{}`$ the quasi-hole charge $`\frac{e}{2q}`$ is the lowest charge that we consider: the excitations of charge $`e`$ and $`2e`$ correspond to flux insertions that are a (negative) integer multiple of the flux quantum. However, for $`q1`$, the quasi-hole charge is larger than $`e`$, $`2e`$, and we conclude that the fundamental excitations in the $`e`$-sector correspond to an insertion of a fraction of the flux-quantum, in other words, to a situation where the boundary conditions for the original ‘electrons’ have been twisted.

For definiteness, let us put $`q=\frac{1}{N}`$ with $`N`$ a large integer. A $`\mathrm{\Psi }_2`$ quantum state of charge $`2e`$ then corresponds to a flux insertion of $`\frac{2qh}{e}=\frac{2h}{Ne}`$. In the absence of any $`\mathrm{\Psi }_1`$ quanta, this quantum state for the $`\mathrm{\Psi }_2`$ particle can be filled up to a maximum of $`n^{\mathrm{max}}=\frac{1}{4q}=\frac{N}{4}`$ times. \[This follows from the self-exclusion parameter $`g=4q`$ and the result that in Haldane’s statistics, $`n^{\mathrm{max}}=\frac{1}{g}`$.\] The amount of flux that corresponds to this maximal occupation equals $`\frac{2h}{Ne}\frac{N}{4}=\frac{h}{2e}`$, which is precisely the flux quantum.

Summarizing, we see that the insertion of a single flux quantum $`\frac{h}{2e}`$ gives rise to a quasi-hole ($`\varphi `$) excitation, while (negative) fractions of the flux quantum (between $`\frac{h}{2e}`$ and 0) give rise multiple occupation of the $`\mathrm{\Psi }_2`$ modes.

In the description of a BCS superconductor, the excitation that is induced by the insertion of a fraction of the flux quantum $`\frac{h}{2e}`$, is precisely the supercurrent that screens the imposed flux. Comparing the two pictures, we see that in the limit $`q0`$, the $`\mathrm{\Psi }_2`$ excitations in the $`q`$-pfaffian state reduce to supercurrent excitations in the limiting BCS superconductor. In an earlier study , the neutral fermionic excitation over the $`q`$-pfaffian (which is not elementary in our $`(e,\varphi )`$ description), in the limit $`q0`$, has been identified with the pair breaking excitation of the superconducting state.

A similar reasoning applies to the Laughlin state at $`\nu =\frac{1}{m}`$, where it links the charge $`e`$ excitations at finite $`m`$ to the supercurrent of the limiting superfluid boson state at $`m=0`$.

In a somewhat different physical picture, the edge particle $`\mathrm{\Psi }_2`$ is the one that is excited in the process of Andreev reflection off the edge of a sample in the $`q`$-pfaffian state. It will be interesting to explore in some detail such processes for the $`q=2`$ pfaffian state.

3. Pseudo-spin triplet pfaffian quantum Hall states

As a generalization of the results in the previous section, we consider a $`q`$-pfaffian state for particles with an internal (double-layer or pseudo-spin) degree of freedom. The wave function of this state is the Halperin two-layer state with labels $`(q+1,q+1,q1)`$. This state has $`K`$-matrices

$$𝐊_e=\left(\begin{array}{cc}q+1& q1\\ q1& q+1\end{array}\right),𝐊_\varphi =\frac{1}{4q}\left(\begin{array}{cc}q+1& q+1\\ q+1& q+1\end{array}\right),$$
(3.1)   
describing excitations $`(\mathrm{\Psi }_{},\mathrm{\Psi }_{})`$ of charge $`e`$ and $`(\varphi _{},\varphi _{})`$ of charge $`\frac{e}{2q}`$, respectively. There are no pseudo-particles and these states are abelian quantum Hall states.

We shall now argue that, based on the analogy with the $`q`$-pfaffian states for spinless electrons, for these states we can identify supercurrent type excitations in the $`e`$-sector and, by duality, reformulate the $`\varphi `$-sector in terms of one physical quasi-hole and two pseudo-particles. We stress that this reformulation does not change the physical interpretation; in particular, although the new formulation employs two pseudo-particles, it still refers to an abelian quantum Hall state.

In the limit $`q0`$, the $`(q+1,q+1,q1)`$ paired wave function reduces to a form that can be interpreted as a (complex) $`p`$-wave pseudo-spin triplet state . Taking $`q=\frac{1}{N}`$ as before, we can look for excitations in the $`e`$-sector that describe the response to the insertion of fractional flux, and that will smoothly connect to the supercurrent at $`q=0`$. Inspecting the matrix $`𝐊_e`$, we see that the two quanta $`\mathrm{\Psi }_{}`$ and $`\mathrm{\Psi }_{}`$ each have self-exclusion parameter approaching $`g=1`$, and can by themselves not screen more than an amount of flux equal to $`\frac{h}{Ne}`$. However, due to the strong negative mutual exclusion statistics, an excitation that is effectively a pair of one $`\mathrm{\Psi }_{}`$ and one $`\mathrm{\Psi }_{}`$ particle can screen a much larger amount of flux.

To formalize this consideration, we introduce a particle $`\mathrm{\Psi }_3`$, defined as a pair $`(\mathrm{\Psi }_{}\mathrm{\Psi }_{})`$. Following a general construction presented in , we derive a new $`K`$-matrix for the extended system $`(\mathrm{\Psi }_{},\mathrm{\Psi }_{},\mathrm{\Psi }_3)`$

$$\stackrel{~}{𝐊}_e=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}q+1& q& 2q\\ q& q+1& 2q\\ 2q& 2q& 4q\end{array}\right).$$
(3.2)   
\[This choice of $`K`$-matrix guarantees an equivalence between the $`(\mathrm{\Psi }_{},\mathrm{\Psi }_{})`$ and the $`(\mathrm{\Psi }_{},\mathrm{\Psi }_{},\mathrm{\Psi }_3)`$ formulations.\] On the basis of the extended matrix $`\stackrel{~}{𝐊}_e`$, we identify the supercurrent excitations as before: a single $`\mathrm{\Psi }_3`$ quantum requires flux $`\frac{2h}{Ne}`$, and with a maximal filling of $`n^{\mathrm{max}}=\frac{1}{4q}=\frac{N}{4}`$, we see that the $`\mathrm{\Psi }_3`$ quanta can ‘absorb’ an amount of flux equal to $`\frac{h}{2e}`$. In the limit $`q0`$, the $`\mathrm{\Psi }_3`$ quanta are identified with the supercurrent quanta, which have the ability to screen a full quantum $`\frac{h}{2e}`$ of applied flux. Inverting $`\stackrel{~}{𝐊}_e`$, we obtain

$$\stackrel{~}{𝐊}_\varphi =\left(\begin{array}{ccc}1& 0& {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}\\ 0& 1& {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}\\ {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}& {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}& \frac{2q+1}{4q}\end{array}\right),$$
(3.3)   
with associated parameters

$$x_1=\left(\frac{y_{}}{y_{}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}},x_2=\left(\frac{y_{}}{y_{}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}},x_3=(y_{}y_{})^{\frac{1}{4q}},$$
(3.4)   
where $`y_,=\mathrm{exp}(\beta (\mu _,ϵ))`$. The fact that $`x_{1,2}`$ do not depend on the energy parameter $`ϵ`$ makes clear that these are pseudo-particles. As such they account for degeneracies in states that contain more than one $`\varphi _3`$-quantum. Despite this appearance, by construction it is clear that the braid statistics of these degenerate excitations are abelian.

At the level of the edge CFT, the two different formulations of the $`(q+1,q+1,q1)`$ theory are easily understood. In the usual abelian formulation, the edge CFT is written in terms of a (charge) boson $`\phi _c`$ plus a Dirac fermion, whose (dimension-$`\frac{1}{8}`$) spin field has abelian statistics. The alternative formulation employs $`\phi _c`$ plus two real fermions (called $`\psi _e`$ and $`\psi _o`$ in ). The two pseudo-particles that we obtained describe the non-abelian statistics of the spin-fields of the real (Ising) fermions $`\psi _e`$ and $`\psi _o`$ separately. The actual chiral Hilbert space of the edge CFT is however a subspace of the Hilbert space of the (Ising)<sup>2</sup> CFT, and the braid statistics in this subspace are all abelian.

The various phase transitions described in  are easily traced in the statistics matrices. The transition of the $`o`$ spins into the strong-pairing phase decouples one row of the matrices (3.2) and (3.3), turning them into the matrices (2.6), (2.3) corresponding to the $`q`$-pfaffian state. A subsequent transition of the $`e`$ spins into the strong-pairing phase leaves only the edge excitations $`\mathrm{\Psi }_3`$ and further reduces the matrix to $`𝐊_e=4q`$, appropriate for a Laughlin state of charge $`2e`$ particles at filling $`\nu =\frac{1}{q}`$.

4. Parafermionic quantum Hall states: generalized pairing

In , Read and Rezayi proposed a series of non-abelian quantum Hall states based on order-$`k`$ clustering of spinless electrons. The wave functions for these states are constructed with help of the well-known $`Z_k`$ parafermions. The general state of , labeled as $`(k,M)`$, has filling fraction $`\nu =\frac{k}{kM+2}=\frac{1}{q}`$ with $`q=M+\frac{2}{k}`$. Fermionic quantum Hall states are obtained for $`M`$ an odd integer. \[For $`M=0`$ we have a bosonic state with $`SU(2)_k`$ symmetry.\] For $`k=1,2`$ these new states reduce to the Laughlin $`(m=M+2)`$ and $`q`$-pfaffian ($`q=M+1`$) states, respectively.

In , the matrices $`𝐊_\varphi `$ were identified for general $`(k,M)`$. Here we illustrate the $`K`$-matrix structure for $`k=3`$, where we have

$$𝐊_\varphi =\left(\begin{array}{ccc}1& {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}& 0\\ {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}& 1& {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}\\ 0& {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}& \frac{3q+1}{9q}\end{array}\right),𝐐_\varphi ^T=(0,0,\frac{e}{3q}),$$
(4.1)   
for two pseudo-particles and a physical quasi-hole of charge $`\frac{e}{3q}`$. Inverting this matrix gives

$$𝐊_e=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}q+{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{2}{3}}& 2q+{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{2}{3}}& 3q\\ 2q+{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{2}{3}}& 4q+{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{4}{3}}& 6q\\ 3q& 6q& 9q\end{array}\right),𝐐_e^T=(e,2e,3e).$$
(4.2)   
Again putting $`q=\frac{1}{N}`$, with $`N`$ large, we can repeat the previous arguments. Clearly, the $`\mathrm{\Psi }_3`$ quanta of charge $`3e`$ act as the ‘supercurrent’ for the 3-electron clustering. One such quantum requires a flux of $`\frac{3h}{eN}`$, and with $`n^{\mathrm{max}}=\frac{N}{9}`$, the total flux that can be absorbed equals $`\frac{h}{3e}`$ as expected.

We remark that, for $`q0`$, the excitations $`\mathrm{\Psi }_{1,2}`$ have fractional exclusion statistics parameters, in agreement with the fact that the $`k=3`$ state at $`q=0`$ has $`M=\frac{2}{3}`$ and is thus not fermionic. What one has instead is an ‘anyonic’ superconductor with Cooper clusters of charge $`3e`$ and cluster-breaking excitations with fractional exclusion statistics.

5. Non-abelian spin-singlet quantum Hall states

In , two of the present authors introduced a series of non-abelian spin singlet (NASS) states. The states are labeled as $`(k,M)`$ and have filling fraction $`\nu =\frac{2k}{2kM+3}=\frac{1}{q}`$ with $`q=M+\frac{3}{2k}`$. The wave functions, which are constructed as conformal blocks of higher rank (Gepner) parafermions, have a BCS type factorized form, where the factors describe a $`k`$-fold spin-polarized clustering of electrons of given spin and the formation of a spin-singlet with $`2k`$ participating electrons. \[See  for an example and  for general and explicit expressions for the wave functions.\]

For $`k=1`$ the spin-singlet states are abelian with $`K`$-matrices given by

$$𝐊_e=\left(\begin{array}{cc}q+{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}& q{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}\\ q{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}& q+{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}\end{array}\right),𝐊_\varphi =\frac{1}{2q}\left(\begin{array}{cc}q+{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}& q+{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}\\ q+{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}& q+{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}\end{array}\right).$$
(5.1)   
We remark that, as for the Laughlin series, there is a self-duality in the sense that $`𝐊_e(M)=𝐊_\varphi (M^{})`$ with

$$M=\frac{3M^{}+4}{2M^{}+3},\left(q=\frac{1}{4q^{}}\right)$$
(5.2)   
One of the self-dual points is $`M=M^{}=1`$ ($`q=q^{}=\frac{1}{2}`$), corresponding to two decoupled $`\nu =1`$ systems for spin up and down.

In a forthcoming paper  we present a detailed derivation of the $`K`$-matrix structure for the general NASS states, where we obtain ‘minimal’ $`K`$-matrices of size $`2k\times 2k`$. The matrix $`𝐊_e`$ describes fully polarized composites (of both spins) of $`1,2,\mathrm{},k`$ quasi-electrons, while the matrix $`𝐊_\varphi `$ describes a spin-doublet of physical, fractionally charged quasi-holes ($`Q=\frac{e}{4q}`$) and a collection of $`2(k1)`$ pseudo-particles that take care of the non-abelian statistics. The simplest non-trivial example is the result for $`k=2`$, ($`M=q\frac{3}{4}`$)

$`𝐊_\varphi =\left(\begin{array}{cccc}{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{4}{3}}& {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{2}{3}}& {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{2}{3}}& {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{3}}\\ {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{2}{3}}& {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{4}{3}}& {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{3}}& {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{2}{3}}\\ {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{2}{3}}& {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{3}}& \frac{28q+3}{48q}& \frac{4q3}{48q}\\ {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{3}}& {\scriptscriptstyle \frac{2}{3}}& \frac{4q3}{48q}& \frac{28q+3}{48q}\end{array}\right),𝐐_\varphi ^T=(0,0,\frac{e}{4q},\frac{e}{4q}),`$ (5.7)   
$`𝐊_e=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}q+{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{5}{4}}& q{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{3}{4}}& 2q+{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}& 2q{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}\\ q{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{3}{4}}& q+{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{5}{4}}& 2q{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}& 2q+{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}\\ 2q+{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}& 2q{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}& 4q+1& 4q1\\ 2q{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}& 2q+{\scriptscriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}& 4q1& 4q+1\end{array}\right),𝐐_e^T=(e,e,2e,2e).`$ (5.12)   
In analogy with the reasoning for the pseudo-spin triplet pfaffian state, one may now consider the composite of the $`k`$-spin-up and the $`k`$-spin-down components, and determine an extended $`K_e`$-matrix (cf. (3.2)). For $`q0`$ one finds that all statistical couplings of this composite vanish, and we identify it with the supercurrent corresponding to the $`2k`$-electron spin-singlet clustering. The extended $`K_e`$-matrix is invertible and gives a redefined $`\varphi `$-sector with a single spinless $`\varphi `$-quantum and $`(2k1)`$ pseudo-particles. For obtaining a formulation with manifest $`SU(2)`$-spin symmetry, a further extension of $`𝐊_e`$ can be considered .

6. Conclusions

In this paper, we have studied the exclusion statistics of edge excitations over non-abelian quantum Hall states. From the results we have extracted matrices $`𝐊_e`$ and $`𝐊_\varphi `$ which generalize the well-known $`K`$-matrices for abelian quantum Hall states to the non-abelian case. Note, however, that the torus degeneracy for the non-abelian case is not given by the abelian result $`|\mathrm{det}(𝐊_e)|`$, but that a further reduction is necessary due to the presence of the pseudo-particles. \[Compare with  where such a reduction was discussed in the context of the parton construction of non-abelian quantum Hall states.\]

We expect that these new $`K`$-matrices can be used to formulate effective (edge and bulk) theories for these non-abelian quantum Hall states. Until now, effective field theories for bulk excitations (of the LGCS type) have only been obtained for some very special cases , and it will be most interesting to find more systematic constructions.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Nick Read for illuminating discussions. This research was supported in part by the Australian Research Council and the foundation FOM of the Netherlands.