# References

THE EIKONAL APPROACH TO CALCULATION OF THE MULTIPHOTON EXCHANGE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE TOTAL CROSS SECTIONS OF $`\pi ^+\pi ^{}`$ ATOM INTERACTION WITH ORDINARY ATOMS   
L.AFANASYEV and O.VOSKRESENSKAYA

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,   
141980 Dubna, Moscow Region,   
Russia

## Abstract

The total cross sections of the relativistic $`\pi ^+\pi ^{}`$ atom interactions with ordinary atoms are obtained in the eikonal approach which takes into consideration all multiphoton exchange processes. Contribution of these processes strongly depends on the atom nucleus charge $`Z`$ and varies from 1.5% for Titanium ($`Z=22`$) to 14% for Tantalum ($`Z=73`$)

An accurate measurement of the $`\pi ^+\pi ^{}`$ atom (dimesoatom) lifetime in the experiment DIRAC  will allow one to check a high precision prediction of the Chiral Perturbation Theory. An interaction of the $`\pi ^+\pi ^{}`$ atoms with ordinary atoms is an essential part of this experiment, as the atom observation bases on their breakup (ionization) while passing through the target where they are produced.

Cross sections of $`\pi ^+\pi ^{}`$ atoms with ordinary atoms were usually calculated in the first Born approximation. In the paper  the cross sections for few low states of dimesoatom were calculated in Coulomb-modified Glauber approximation. It has been shown that the multiphoton exchange processes play a significant role in the interaction of $`\pi ^+\pi ^{}`$ atoms with atoms.

In the Glauber approximation the total cross sections of the coherent interaction of $`\pi ^+\pi ^{}`$ atom with ordinary atoms could be written  as:

$$\sigma _{nlm}^{tot}=2\text{Re}d^2bd^3r|\psi _{nlm}(\stackrel{}{r})|^2\left[1\mathrm{exp}\left(i\chi (\stackrel{}{b}\stackrel{}{s}/2)i\chi (\stackrel{}{b}+\stackrel{}{s}/2)\right)\right].$$
(1)   
Here $`\stackrel{}{s}=\stackrel{}{r}_{}`$ is the projection of the vector $`\stackrel{}{r}`$ on the plane of the impact parameter $`\stackrel{}{b}`$, $`\psi _{nlm}(\stackrel{}{r})`$ is the wave function of $`\pi ^+\pi ^{}`$ atom in the state with principal, orbital and magnetic quantum numbers $`n`$, $`l`$ and $`m`$, respectively. The phase shift $`\chi (\stackrel{}{b})`$ is expressed via the screened Coulomb potential of the target atom:

$$\chi (\stackrel{}{b})=\frac{1}{v}\underset{\mathrm{}}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}U(\sqrt{b^2+z^2})𝑑z.$$
(2)   
Here $`v`$ is the velocity of dimesoatom in the lab frame.

Let us write (1) in another form taking into account the following relations:

$`\mathrm{exp}(i\chi (\stackrel{}{b}))`$ $`=`$ $`1\gamma (b),`$ (3)   
$`\gamma (b)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2\pi i}}{\displaystyle f(q)\mathrm{exp}(iqb)d^2q},`$ (4)   
$`f(q)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{i}{2\pi }}{\displaystyle \left[1\mathrm{exp}(i\chi (\stackrel{}{b}))\right]\mathrm{exp}(i\stackrel{}{q}\stackrel{}{b})d^2b}`$ (5)   
$`=`$ $`i{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}\left[1\mathrm{exp}(i\chi (\stackrel{}{b}))\right]J_0(qb)b𝑑b.`$   
Here $`f(q)`$ is the amplitude of the elastic Coulomb $`\pi A`$-scattering normalized by the relations:

$`\sigma _{\pi A}^{tot}`$ $`=`$ $`4\pi \text{Im}f(0),`$ (6)   
$`{\displaystyle \frac{d\sigma _{\pi A}}{d\stackrel{}{q}}}`$ $`=`$ $`|f(q)|^2.`$ (7)   
Then it is easy to get the total cross section in the form

$`\sigma _{nlm}^{tot}`$ $`=`$ $`2{\displaystyle |f(q)|^2\left[1S_{nlm}(\stackrel{}{q})\right]d^2q},`$ (8)   
$`S_{nlm}(\stackrel{}{q})`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle |\psi _{nlm}(\stackrel{}{r})|^2\mathrm{exp}(i\stackrel{}{q}\stackrel{}{r})d^3r}.`$ (9)   
Here $`S_{nlm}(\stackrel{}{q})`$ is the elastic form factor of the $`\pi ^+\pi ^{}`$ atom in the state with the quantum numbers $`n`$, $`l`$ and $`m`$.

The expressions (8) and (9) together with the results obtained in the paper  for the transition form factors of the hydrogen-like atoms allow one to calculate the total cross sections for any state of the dimesoatom. However, in this paper we only consider the cross sections averaged over the magnet quantum number:

$$\sigma _{nl}^{tot}=\frac{1}{2l+1}\underset{m}{}\sigma _{nlm}^{tot}.$$
(10)   
The wave function of $`\pi ^+\pi ^{}`$ can be written as a product of the radial and angular parts:

$$\psi _{nlm}(\stackrel{}{r})=R_{nl}(r)Y_{lm}(\mathrm{\Theta },\varphi ).$$
(11)   
Taking into account the normalization

$$\frac{1}{2l+1}\underset{m}{}|Y_{lm}(\mathrm{\Theta },\varphi )|^2=1,$$
(12)   
we have

$$\sigma _{nl}^{tot}=4\pi |f(q)|^2\left(1S_{nl}(q)\right)q𝑑q,$$
(13)   
$`S_{nl}(q)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2l+1}}{\displaystyle \underset{m}{}}S_{nlm}(q)={\displaystyle |R_{nl}|^2\mathrm{exp}(i\stackrel{}{q}\stackrel{}{r})d^3r}=4\pi {\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}|R_{nl}|^2{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}qr}{q}}r𝑑r`$ (14)   
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{4\pi }{q}}\text{Im}{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}|R_{nl}|^2\mathrm{exp}(iqr)r𝑑r.`$   
The radial wave function of the hydrogen-like atom is expressed in terms of the Laguerre polynomial. So integration in (13) is reduced to the hypergeometric functions using the expression 

$`{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}e^{bx}x^\alpha L_n^\alpha (\lambda x)L_m^\alpha (\mu x)=`$ (15)   
$`{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(m+n+\alpha +1)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(m+1)\mathrm{\Gamma }(n+1)}}{\displaystyle \frac{(b\lambda )^n(b\mu )^m}{b^{n+m+\alpha +1}}}F[m,n,mn\alpha ;{\displaystyle \frac{b(b\lambda \mu )}{(b\mu )(b\lambda )}}]`$   
Finally for the form factor we have

$$S_{nl}(q)=\frac{\mathrm{sin}2n\varphi (\mathrm{cos}\varphi )^{2l+4}}{n\mathrm{sin}2\varphi }F(l+1n,l+1+n;1;\mathrm{sin}^2\varphi ),$$
(16)   
$$\varphi =\mathrm{arctan}\left(\frac{nq}{\alpha m_\pi }\right).$$

For the numerical calculation we use the Moliére parametrization of the Thomas-Fermi potential 

$$U(r)=Z\alpha \underset{i=1}{\overset{3}{}}\frac{c_ie^{\lambda _ir}}{r};$$
(17)   
which allows one to obtain the exact expression for the phase shift $`\chi (b)`$

$$\chi (b)=\frac{2Z\alpha }{v}\underset{i=1}{\overset{3}{}}c_iK_0(b\lambda _i),$$
(18)   
$$c_1=0.35,c_2=0.55,c_3=0.1;$$

$$\lambda _1=0.3\lambda _0,\lambda _2=1.2\lambda _0,\lambda _3=6\lambda _0,\lambda _0=m_e\alpha Z^{1/3}/0.885.$$

The numerical results were calculated for the Titanium ($`Z=22`$) and Tantalum ($`Z=73`$) targets. The velocity of $`\pi ^+\pi ^{}`$ atom was taken as $`v=1`$. Figures 11 show the most important dependencies. We can conclude that the contribution of the multiphoton exchange processes strongly depends on the target atom nucleus charge $`Z`$ and varies from 1.5% for Titanium to 14% for Tantalum.

In the DIRAC experiment the dimesoatom lifetime is going to be measured for various targets with an accuracy of 10% using the breakup probability  which is calculated base on the interaction cross sections. So account of the multiphoton processes is essential for an interpretation of the experiment results.

Authors would like to thank A.V.Tarasov from JINR, professor J.Hüfner from Heidelberg Universität and professor B.Kopeliovich from Max-Plank-Institut für Kernphysik for helpful discussions. This work is partially supported by RFBR grant 97–02–17612.

Figure 1: Total cross sections of $`\pi ^+\pi ^{}`$-atom interactions in $`n`$S states with Tantalum ($`Z=73`$) versus the principal quantum number $`n`$ in the Born and Glauber approximation.

Figure 1: Relative difference between the total cross sections of $`\pi ^+\pi ^{}`$-atom interaction in $`n`$S states with Tantalum ($`Z=73`$) calculated in the Born and Glauber approximation versus the principal quantum number $`n`$.

Figure 1: Relative difference between the total cross sections of $`\pi ^+\pi ^{}`$-atom interaction in $`n`$S states with Titanium ($`Z=22`$) calculated in the Born and Glauber approximation versus the principal quantum number $`n`$.

Figure 1: Dependence of the total cross sections of $`\pi ^+\pi ^{}`$-atom interaction with Tantalum on the orbital quantum number $`l`$ for the various principal quantum number $`n`$.