# References

On de Sitter gravitational instability from the spin-torsion primordial fluctuations and COBE data

L.C. Garcia de Andrade<sup>1</sup><sup>1</sup>1Departamento de Fisica Teorica,Instituto de Física , UERJ, Rua São francisco Xavier 524, Rio de Janeiro,CEP:20550-013, Brasil.e-mail:garcia@dft.if.uerj.br.

Abstract

Fluctuations on de Sitter solution of Einstein-Cartan field equations are obtained in terms of the matter density primordial density fluctuations and spin-torsion density and matter density fluctuations obtained from COBE data. Einstein-de Sitter solution is shown to be unstable even in the absence of torsion.The spin-torsion density fluctuation is simply computed from the Einstein-Cartan equations and from COBE data.

Recently D.Palle  has computed the primordial matter density fluctuations from COBE satellite data.More recently I have been extended Palle’s work to include the dilaton fields .Also more recently I have considered a mixed inflation model with spin-driven inflation and inflaton fields  where the spin-torsion density have been obtained from the COBE data on the temperature fluctuations.However in these last attempts no consideration was given on the spinning fluid and torsion was considered just coming from the density of inflaton fields which of course could be considered just in the case of massless neutrinos.Earlier Maroto and Shapiro  have discussed the de Sitter metric fluctuations and showed that in the case with dilatons and torsion the higher-order gravity the stability of de Sitter solutions depends on the parametrization and dimension,but that for the given dimension one can always choose parametrization in such a way that the solutions are unstable.In this letter we show that starting from the Einstein-Cartan equations as given in Gasperini for a four-dimension spacetime with spin-torsion density the de Sitter solutions are also unstable for large values of time.Of course one should remind that Maroto-Shapiro solutions does not possess spin but are based on a string type higher order gravity where torsion enters like in Ramond action.Let us start from the Gasperini  form of the Einstein-Cartan equations for the spin-torsion density

$$H^2=\frac{8\pi G}{3}(\rho 2\pi G\sigma ^2)$$
(1)   
and

$$\dot{H}+H^2=\frac{4\pi G}{3}(\rho +3p8\pi G\sigma ^2)$$
(2)   
where $`\frac{\ddot{a}}{a}=H(t)`$ where $`H(t)`$ is the Hubble parameter.Following the linear perturbation method in cosmological models as described in Peebles  we have

$$H(t,r)=H(t)[1+\alpha (r,t)]$$
(3)   
where $`\alpha =\frac{\delta H}{H}`$ is the de Sitter metric density fluctuations where the Friedmann metric is reads

$$ds^2=dt^2a^2(dx^2+dy^2+dz^2)$$
(4)   
Also the matter density is given by

$$\rho (r,t)=\rho (t)[1+\beta (r,t)]$$
(5)   
and

$$\sigma (r,t)=\sigma (t)[1+\gamma (r,t)]$$
(6)   
whhere $`\beta =\frac{\delta \rho }{\rho }`$ is the matter density fluctuation which is approximately $`10^5`$ as given by COBE data and $`\gamma (r,t)=\frac{\delta \sigma }{\sigma }`$ where $`\sigma `$ is the spin-torsion density.Substitution of these equations into the Gasperini-Einstein -Cartan equations above in the simple case where the pressure $`p`$ vanishes (dust) we obtain

$$\dot{\alpha }=\frac{\dot{H}}{H}+\frac{8\pi G}{3H}[\rho \beta 16\pi G\sigma \gamma ]$$
(7)   
This last equation can be integrated to

$$\alpha =1+lnH+8\pi G[\frac{\rho \beta dt}{H}16\pi G\frac{\sigma \gamma dt}{H}]$$
(8)   
When the variation of mass density and spin density are small with respect to time they can be taken as approximatly constant and we are able to perform the integration for de Sitter metric $`(H=H_0=constant)`$ as

$$\alpha =1+lnH_0+\frac{8\pi G}{3H_0}t[\rho _0\beta 16\pi G\sigma _0\gamma ]$$
(9)   
which shows clearly that the de Sitter solution to Einstein-Cartan equations is unstable and can be computed in terms of the matter and spin-torsion densities.Let us now compute the spin-torsion fluctuation from expressions (1) and (2) and by a simple method presented by Liang and Sachs  for the case of Newtonian Cosmology.In the case of a pressureless de sitter phase of the universe $`(p=0)`$ one may equate equations (1) and (2) to obtain

$$\rho =\frac{5\pi G}{3}(\sigma ^2)$$
(10)   
By considering now a radius where the spin and matter density are higher since the model is homogeneous and isotropic we may write

$$\rho ^{}=\frac{5\pi G}{3}(\sigma _{}^{}{}_{}{}^{2})$$
(11)   
and performing the matter density flucuations with these equations one obtains

$$\frac{\delta \rho }{\rho }=\frac{\sigma _{}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}\sigma ^2}{\sigma ^2}=\frac{(\sigma ^{}\sigma )(\sigma ^{}+\sigma )}{\sigma ^2}$$
(12)   
For spin densities closer to one another a simple expression for the spin-torsion density fluctuations may be obtained as

$$\frac{\delta \rho }{\rho }=2\frac{\delta \sigma }{\sigma }$$
(13)   
Thus from the COBE data it is possible to obtain a numerical estimate for the spin-torsion density fluctuation as

$$\frac{\delta \sigma }{\sigma }=10^5$$
(14)   
Indeed the general result for $`\sigma ^{}>>\sigma `$ is given by

$$\frac{\delta \sigma }{\sigma }=10^5\frac{\sigma }{\sigma ^{}}$$
(15)   
and since $`\frac{\sigma }{\sigma ^{}}<<1`$ one may infer that the spin-torsion density fluctuation is much weaker than the matter density fluctuation.The results presented here may motivate some experimentalists to imagine experiments to measure spin-torsion densities in the Universe such as done for COBE.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Professor Ilya Shapiro and Prof.Rudnei Ramos for helpful discussions on the subject of this paper.Financial support from CNPq. is gratefully ackowledged.