# 1 The mass bounds of the lightest CP even Higgs boson mass as a function of 𝑀 for various Λ in the Model I 2HDM at 𝑚_𝑡=175 GeV.

Upper and lower bounds of the lightest CP-even Higgs boson   
in the two-Higgs-doublet model <sup>1</sup><sup>1</sup>1Talk given by Shinya Kanemura (kanemu@particle.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de) at the 2nd ECFA/DESY Linear Collider Workshop in Obernai, France (16.-19. October 1999) under the title Mass bounds of the lightest CP-even Higgs boson in the two-Higgs-doublet model  

Shinya KANEMURA, Takashi KASAI, and Yasuhiro OKADA   
Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Karlsruhe   
D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany   
Theory Group, KEK   
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan   

By imposing validity of the perturbation and stability of vacuum up to an energy scale $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ ($`10^{19}`$ GeV), we evaluate mass bounds of the lightest CP-even Higgs-boson mass ($`m_h`$) in the two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) with a softly-broken discrete symmetry . In the standard model (SM), both the upper and the lower bounds have been analyzed from these kinds of requirement as a function of $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ . There have already been several works on the Higgs mass bounds in the 2HDM without the soft-breaking term . Our analysis is a generalization of these works to the case with the soft-breaking term. Because the introduction of the soft-breaking scale changes property of the 2HDM, it is very interesting to see what happens for the mass bounds in this case. Our results are qualitatively different from the previous works in the region of the large soft-breaking mass, where only one neutral Higgs boson becomes light. We find that, while the upper bound is almost the same as in the SM, the lower bound is significantly reduced. In the decoupling regime where the model behaves like the SM at low energy, the lower bound is given, for example, by about 100 GeV for $`\mathrm{\Lambda }=10^{19}`$ GeV and $`m_t=175`$ GeV, which is smaller by about 40 GeV than the corresponding lower bound in the SM. In general case, the $`m_h`$ is no longer bounded from below by these conditions. If we consider the experimental $`bs\gamma `$ constraint, small $`m_h`$ are excluded in Model II of the 2HDM.

The Higgs potential of the 2HDM is given for both Model I and Model II as 

$`V_{2\mathrm{H}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{M}}`$ $`=`$ $`m_1^2\left|\phi _1\right|^2+m_2^2\left|\phi _2\right|^2m_3^2\left(\phi _1^{}\phi _2+\phi _2^{}\phi _1\right)+{\displaystyle \frac{\lambda _1}{2}}\left|\phi _1\right|^4+{\displaystyle \frac{\lambda _2}{2}}\left|\phi _2\right|^4`$ (1)   
$`+\lambda _3\left|\phi _1\right|^2\left|\phi _2\right|^2+\lambda _4\left|\phi _1^{}\phi _2\right|^2+{\displaystyle \frac{\lambda _5}{2}}\left\{\left(\phi _1^{}\phi _2\right)^2+\left(\phi _2^{}\phi _1\right)^2\right\}.`$   
We here take all the self-coupling constants and the mass parameters in (1) to be real. In Model II, $`\phi _1`$ has couplings with down-type quarks and leptons and $`\phi _2`$ with up-type quarks. Only $`\phi _2`$ has couplings with fermions in Model I.

The masses of the charged Higgs bosons $`(\chi ^\pm )`$ and CP-odd Higgs boson $`(\chi _2)`$ are expressed as $`m_{\chi ^\pm }^2=M^2(\lambda _4+\lambda _5)v^2/2`$, and $`m_{\chi _2}^2=M^2\lambda _5v^2`$, respectively, where $`M=m_3/\sqrt{\mathrm{cos}\beta \mathrm{sin}\beta }`$, $`\mathrm{tan}\beta =\phi _2/\phi _1`$ and $`v=\sqrt{2}\sqrt{\phi _1^2+\phi _2^2}246`$ GeV. The two CP-even Higgs boson masses are obtained by diagonalizing the $`2\times 2`$ matrix, where each component is given by $`M_{11}^2=v^2\left(\lambda _1\mathrm{cos}^4\beta +\lambda _2\mathrm{sin}^4\beta +\frac{\lambda }{2}\mathrm{sin}^22\beta \right)`$, $`M_{12}^2=M_{21}^2=v^2\mathrm{sin}2\beta \left(\lambda _1\mathrm{cos}^2\beta +\lambda _2\mathrm{sin}^2\beta +\lambda \mathrm{cos}2\beta \right)/2`$ and $`M_{22}^2=v^2\left(\lambda _1+\lambda _22\lambda \right)\mathrm{sin}^2\beta \mathrm{cos}^2\beta +M^2`$, where $`\lambda \lambda _3+\lambda _4+\lambda _5`$. The mass of the lighter (heavier) CP-even Higgs boson $`h`$ ($`H`$) is then given by $`m_{h,H}^2=\left\{M_{11}^2+M_{22}^2\sqrt{(M_{11}^2M_{22}^2)^2+4M_{12}^4}\right\}/2`$. For the case of $`v^2M^2`$, they can be expressed by

$`m_h^2`$ $`=`$ $`v^2\left(\lambda _1\mathrm{cos}^4\beta +\lambda _2\mathrm{sin}^4\beta +{\displaystyle \frac{\lambda }{2}}\mathrm{sin}^22\beta \right)+𝒪({\displaystyle \frac{v^4}{M^2}}),`$ (2)   
$`m_H^2`$ $`=`$ $`M^2+v^2\left(\lambda _1+\lambda _22\lambda \right)\mathrm{sin}^2\beta \mathrm{cos}^2\beta +𝒪({\displaystyle \frac{v^4}{M^2}}).`$ (3)   
Notice that the soft-breaking parameter $`M`$ characterizes the model. In the case of $`M^2\lambda _iv^2`$, these heavy Higgs bosons but the lightest decouple from the low-energy observable, and below the scale $`M`$ the effective theory is the SM with one Higgs doublet. On the other hand, if $`M^2\lambda _iv^2`$, the masses are controlled by the self-coupling constants, and thus the heavy Higgs bosons do not decouple and the lightest CP-even Higgs boson can have a different property from the SM Higgs boson .

As the condition of validity of perturbation theory, we here require that the running coupling constants of the Higgs self-couplings and the Yukawa couplings do not blow up below a certain energy scale $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$: this leads the constraints on the coupling constants;

$`\lambda _i(\mu )<8\pi ,y_t^2(\mu )<4\pi ,(\mu <\mathrm{\Lambda }).`$ (4)   
Next, from the condition of the vacuum stability we obtain constraints;

$`\lambda _1(\mu )>0,\lambda _2(\mu )>0,`$   
$`\sqrt{\lambda _1(\mu )\lambda _2(\mu )}+\lambda _3(\mu )+\mathrm{min}[0,\lambda _4(\mu )+\lambda _5(\mu ),\lambda _4(\mu )\lambda _5(\mu )]>\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0},(\mu <\mathrm{\Lambda }).`$ (5)   
We assume that the tree-level Higgs potential at the weak scale does not have any global minimum except for the one we consider: there is no CP nor charge breaking at the minimum . The conditions (4) and (5) constrain low-energy coupling constants through renormalization group equations (RGE’s). Thus the mass bounds of the Higgs boson are obtained.

In the decoupling regime ($`M^2\lambda _iv^2`$), the 2HDM effectively becomes the SM with one Higgs doublet below $`M`$. In order to include this effect, we use the one-loop SM RGE below $`M`$, and the one-loop 2HDM RGE  above $`M`$. They are connected at $`M`$ by identifying the lightest CP-even Higgs boson in the 2HDM as the SM one in the mass formulas in both the models. We here use this procedure for the case $`M^2\lambda _iv^2`$ too, because the correction from the SM RGE is numerically very small in this case, although this procedure is not really justified there.

The 2HDM receives rather strong experimental constraints from the low energy precision data, especially on the $`\rho `$ parameter. The extra contribution of the 2HDM to the $`\rho `$ parameter should satisfy $`\mathrm{\Delta }\rho _{2\mathrm{H}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{M}}=0.00200.00049\frac{m_t175\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}}{5\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}}\pm 0.0027`$. Another important experimental constraint comes from the $`bs\gamma `$ measurement : there is a strong constraint on the charged-Higgs boson mass from below by this process in Model II, while Model I is not strongly constrained. We examine the general mass bounds of $`h`$ as a function of $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ varing all the free parameters under these experimental constraints.

By looking at the RGE’s the qualitative result may be understood. In decoupling regime, from Eq. (2) we have $`m_h^2\lambda _2v^2`$ for $`tan\beta 1`$. The RGE for $`\lambda _2`$ is given by

$$16\pi ^2\mu \frac{d\lambda _2}{d\mu }=12\lambda _2^23\lambda _2(3g^2+g^2)+\frac{3}{2}g^4+\frac{3}{4}(g^2+g^2)^2+12\lambda _2y_t^212y_t^4+A,$$
(6)   
where $`A=2\lambda _3^2+2(\lambda _3+\lambda _4)^2+2\lambda _5^2>0`$. The SM RGE for $`\lambda _{SM}(m_{H}^{SM}{}_{}{}^{2}/v^2)`$ takes the same form as Eq. (6) substituting $`\lambda _{SM}`$ and $`y_t^{SM}`$ to $`\lambda _2`$ and $`y_t`$ and neglecting the $`A`$ term in the RHS. Hence the only difference from the SM RGE is the existence of the positive $`A`$ term, which works to keep the stability of vacuum. Thus the lower bound is expected to be reduced in the 2HDM in comparison with the SM results.

In Fig. 1 and 2, the upper and lower bounds of the $`m_h`$ are shown as a function of $`M`$ for various cut-off $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ for Model I and II, respectively. In Fig. 1, the allowed region of $`m_h`$ lies around $`m_hM`$ for $`M^2\lambda _2v^2`$, where the $`m_h`$ comes from $`M_{22}M`$ and the heavier Higgs boson mass $`m_H`$ has the mass of $`M_{11}\sqrt{\lambda _2}v`$. At $`M=0`$, though there are the upper bounds of $`m_h`$ for each $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$, $`m_h`$ is not bounded from below by our condition. Our results at $`M=0`$ are consistent with Ref. . On the other hand, in the decoupling regime ($`M^2\lambda _2v^2`$), the situation is reversed; $`m_hM_{11}\sqrt{\lambda _2}v`$, and the bounds no longer depend on $`M`$. If we take account of the experimental result of $`bs\gamma `$, $`m_h`$ is bounded from below in the Model II as seen in Fig. 2, because the small $`M`$ region necessarily corresponds to small $`m_{\chi ^\pm }`$ and this is excluded by the $`bs\gamma `$ constraint.

Finally, we combine the results in the SM and the 2HDM (Model I and II) (Fig. 3). We here choose, as an example, $`\mathrm{\Lambda }=10^{19}`$ GeV for comparison of the results in the SM and the 2HDM at $`m_t=175`$ GeV. For a reference, the bounds of the lightest CP-even Higgs mass in the MSSM are also given for the 1 TeV stop mass . (In the MSSM, $`M`$ corresponds to the CP-odd Higgs boson mass exactly.) From Fig. 3 it is easy to observe the difference of the bounds among the SM, the 2HDM(I) and the 2HDM(II). While the upper bounds are all around 175 GeV in these models, the lower bounds are completely different as we expect; about 145 GeV in the SM, about 100 GeV in the Model II (with respect to $`bs\gamma `$ constraints<sup>2</sup><sup>2</sup>2 If we use more conservative way to add theoretical uncertainties for the $`bs\gamma `$ evaluation, the bound on the charged Higgs boson or on the $`M`$ in Model II becomes rather smaller . The lower bound of $`m_h`$ due to the $`bs\gamma `$ constraint is then reduced for a few GeV according to the changed allowed region of $`M`$.  ) and no lower bound in Model I. Although we have shown figures in which $`m_t=175`$ GeV is taken, the top mass dependence cannot be neglected especially for the lower bounds . For example, the lower line for $`\mathrm{\Lambda }=10^{19}`$ GeV in the 2HDM shown in Fig.3 shifts to lower (upper) by 9 GeV for $`m_t=170`$ $`(180)`$ GeV at $`M=1000`$ GeV.

In the SM, the next-to-leading order analysis of the effective potential shows that the lower bound reduces by about 10 GeV ($`\mathrm{\Lambda }=10^{19}`$ GeV) . It may be then expected that a similar reduction of the lower bound would occur in the 2HDM by such higher order analysis.

In the decoupling regime, the properties of the lightest Higgs boson such as the production cross section and the decay branching ratios are almost the same as the SM Higgs boson. We have not explicitly considered constraint from the Higgs boson search at LEP II , but if the Higgs boson is discovered with the mass around $`100`$ GeV at LEP II or Tevatron experiment in near future and its property is quite similar to the SM Higgs boson, the 2HDM with very high cut-off scale is another candidate of models which predict such light Higgs boson along with the MSSM  and its extensions.

In summary, we have discussed the mass bounds of the $`h`$ as a function of a cutoff $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ by the requirement of perturbativity and vacuum stability in the non-SUSY 2HDM with the softly-broken discrete symmetry. The upper bounds are almost the same as the SM results, while the lower bounds are significantly reduced even for the decoupling regime. In general case, the mass is no longer bounded from below. If we consider the experimental $`bs\gamma `$ constraint, the very light $`h`$ is excluded.