# Equidimensionality of complex Lagrangian fibrations

## 1. Introduction

First we define Lagrangian subvariety .

###### Definition 1.

Let $`X`$ be a manifold with a holomorhpic symplectic form $`\omega `$. A subvariety $`Y`$ is said to be Lagrangian subvariety if $`dimY=(1/2)dimX`$ and there exists a resolution $`\nu :\stackrel{~}{Y}Y`$ such that $`\nu ^{}\omega `$ is identically zero on $`\stackrel{~}{Y}`$.

Note that this notion does not depend the choice of $`\nu `$. We prove the following theorem.

###### Theorem 1.

Let $`f:XB`$ be a proper surjective morphism over a normal base $`B`$. Assume that $`X`$ is a Kähler manifold with holomorphic symplectic form $`\omega `$ and a general fiber of $`f`$ is a Lagrangian submanifold with respect to $`\omega `$. Then every irreducible component of a fibre of $`f`$ is a Lagrangian subvariety.

From Theorem 1, we obtain the following corollary.

###### Corollary 1.

Under the situation above, $`f`$ is equidimensional. Especially $`f`$ is flat if $`B`$ is smooth.

Combining Corollary 1 with \[2, Theorem 2\] and \[3, Theorem 1\], we obtain the following result.

###### Corollary 2.

Let $`f:XB`$ be a fibre space of an irreducible symplectic manifold $`X`$ over a normal Kähler base $`B`$. Then $`f`$ is equidimensional.

Acknowledgment.  The author express his thanks to Professors A. Beauville and A. Fujiki for their advice and encouragement.

## 2. Proof of Theorem 1

We refer the following theorem due to Kollár \[1, Theorem 2.2\] and Saito \[4, Theorem 2.3, Remark 2.9\]

###### Theorem 2.

Let $`f:XB`$ be a proper surjective morhpism from a smooth Kähler manifold $`X`$ to a normal variety $`B`$. Then $`\mathrm{R}^if_{}\omega _X`$ is torsion free, where $`\omega _X`$ is the dualizing sheaf of $`X`$.

Let $`\overline{\omega }`$ be the complex conjugate of $`\omega `$. By Leray spectral sequence, there exists a morphism

$$H^2(X,𝒪_X)H^0(B,\mathrm{R}^2f_{}𝒪_X).$$

Then $`\overline{\omega }`$ is a torsion element in $`H^0(B,\mathrm{R}^2f_{}𝒪_X)`$ since a general fibre of $`f`$ is a Lagrangian manifold. In addition, $`\omega _X𝒪_X`$. Hence $`\overline{\omega }`$ is zero in $`H^0(B,\mathrm{R}^2f_{}𝒪_X)`$ by Theorem 2. We derive a contradiction assuming that there exists an irrducible component of a fibre of $`f`$ which is not a Lagrangian subvariety. The letter $`V`$ denotes an non Lagrangian component. We take an embedding resolution $`\pi :\stackrel{~}{X}X`$ of $`V`$. Let $`\stackrel{~}{V}`$ be the proper transform of $`V`$. We will show that $`\pi ^{}\omega `$ is not zero in $`H^0(\stackrel{~}{V},\mathrm{\Omega }_{\stackrel{~}{V}}^2)`$. If $`dimV=(1/2)dimX`$, it is obious by the definition. If $`dimV>(1/2)dimX`$, we take a smooth point $`qV`$ such that $`\pi `$ is isomorhpic in a neighborhood of $`q`$. Since $`dimV>(1/2)dimX`$ and $`\omega `$ is nondegenerate, the restriction of $`\omega `$ on the tangent space of $`V`$ at $`q`$ is nonzero. Because $`\pi `$ is isomorphic in a neighborhood of $`q`$, $`\pi ^{}\omega `$ is not zero in $`H^0(\stackrel{~}{V},\mathrm{\Omega }_{\stackrel{~}{V}}^2)`$. Take the complex conjugate, $`\pi ^{}\overline{\omega }`$ is not zero in $`H^2(\stackrel{~}{V},𝒪_{\stackrel{~}{V}})`$. Therefore $`\overline{\omega }`$ is not zero in $`H^2(V,𝒪_V)`$. Let $`p:=f(V)`$ and $`X_p:=f^1(p)`$. We consider the following morphism:

$$\mathrm{R}^2f_{}𝒪_Xk(p)H^2(X_p,𝒪_{X_p})H^2(V,𝒪_V).$$

Then $`\overline{\omega }`$ is zero in $`\mathrm{R}^2f_{}𝒪_Xk(p)`$ and notzero in $`H^2(V,𝒪_V)`$. That is a contradiction. ∎