# First Observation of the Decay 𝑩^𝟎→𝑫^{∗+}⁢𝑫^{∗-}

## Abstract

We have observed four fully reconstructed $`B^0D^+D^{}`$ candidates in 5.8 million $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}(4S)B\overline{B}`$ decays recorded with the CLEO detector. The background is estimated to be $`0.31\pm 0.10`$ events. The probability that the background could produce four or more signal candidates with the observed distribution among $`D^+`$ and $`D^{}`$ decay modes is $`1.1\times 10^4`$. The measured decay rate, $`(B^0D^+D^{})=[6.2_{2.9}^{+4.0}(\mathrm{s}tat)\pm 1.0(\mathrm{s}yst)]\times 10^4`$, is large enough for this decay mode to be of interest for the measurement of a time-dependent CP asymmetry.

preprint:   CLNS 98/1589 CLEO 98-17     

M. Artuso,<sup>1</sup> E. Dambasuren,<sup>1</sup> S. Kopp,<sup>1</sup> G. C. Moneti,<sup>1</sup> R. Mountain,<sup>1</sup> S. Schuh,<sup>1</sup> T. Skwarnicki,<sup>1</sup> S. Stone,<sup>1</sup> A. Titov,<sup>1</sup> G. Viehhauser,<sup>1</sup> J.C. Wang,<sup>1</sup> S. E. Csorna,<sup>2</sup> K. W. McLean,<sup>2</sup> S. Marka,<sup>2</sup> Z. Xu,<sup>2</sup> R. Godang,<sup>3</sup> K. Kinoshita,<sup>3,</sup><sup>*</sup><sup>*</sup>*Permanent address: University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45221 I. C. Lai,<sup>3</sup> P. Pomianowski,<sup>3</sup> S. Schrenk,<sup>3</sup> G. Bonvicini,<sup>4</sup> D. Cinabro,<sup>4</sup> R. Greene,<sup>4</sup> L. P. Perera,<sup>4</sup> G. J. Zhou,<sup>4</sup> S. Chan,<sup>5</sup> G. Eigen,<sup>5</sup> E. Lipeles,<sup>5</sup> J. S. Miller,<sup>5</sup> M. Schmidtler,<sup>5</sup> A. Shapiro,<sup>5</sup> W. M. Sun,<sup>5</sup> J. Urheim,<sup>5</sup> A. J. Weinstein,<sup>5</sup> F. Würthwein,<sup>5</sup> D. E. Jaffe,<sup>6</sup> G. Masek,<sup>6</sup> H. P. Paar,<sup>6</sup> E. M. Potter,<sup>6</sup> S. Prell,<sup>6</sup> V. Sharma,<sup>6</sup> D. M. Asner,<sup>7</sup> A. Eppich,<sup>7</sup> J. Gronberg,<sup>7</sup> T. S. Hill,<sup>7</sup> C. M. Korte,<sup>7</sup> D. J. Lange,<sup>7</sup> R. J. Morrison,<sup>7</sup> H. N. Nelson,<sup>7</sup> T. K. Nelson,<sup>7</sup> D. Roberts,<sup>7</sup> H. Tajima,<sup>7</sup> B. H. Behrens,<sup>8</sup> W. T. Ford,<sup>8</sup> A. Gritsan,<sup>8</sup> H. Krieg,<sup>8</sup> J. Roy,<sup>8</sup> J. G. Smith,<sup>8</sup> J. P. Alexander,<sup>9</sup> R. Baker,<sup>9</sup> C. Bebek,<sup>9</sup> B. E. Berger,<sup>9</sup> K. Berkelman,<sup>9</sup> V. Boisvert,<sup>9</sup> D. G. Cassel,<sup>9</sup> D. S. Crowcroft,<sup>9</sup> M. Dickson,<sup>9</sup> S. von Dombrowski,<sup>9</sup> P. S. Drell,<sup>9</sup> K. M. Ecklund,<sup>9</sup> R. Ehrlich,<sup>9</sup> A. D. Foland,<sup>9</sup> P. Gaidarev,<sup>9</sup> L. Gibbons,<sup>9</sup> B. Gittelman,<sup>9</sup> S. W. Gray,<sup>9</sup> D. L. Hartill,<sup>9</sup> B. K. Heltsley,<sup>9</sup> P. I. Hopman,<sup>9</sup> J. Kandaswamy,<sup>9</sup> N. Katayama,<sup>9</sup> D. L. Kreinick,<sup>9</sup> T. Lee,<sup>9</sup> Y. Liu,<sup>9</sup> N. B. Mistry,<sup>9</sup> C. R. Ng,<sup>9</sup> E. Nordberg,<sup>9</sup> M. Ogg,<sup>9,</sup>Permanent address: University of Texas, Austin TX 78712. J. R. Patterson,<sup>9</sup> D. Peterson,<sup>9</sup> D. Riley,<sup>9</sup> A. Soffer,<sup>9</sup> B. Valant-Spaight,<sup>9</sup> A. Warburton,<sup>9</sup> C. Ward,<sup>9</sup> M. Athanas,<sup>10</sup> P. Avery,<sup>10</sup> C. D. Jones,<sup>10</sup> M. Lohner,<sup>10</sup> C. Prescott,<sup>10</sup> A. I. Rubiera,<sup>10</sup> J. Yelton,<sup>10</sup> J. Zheng,<sup>10</sup> G. Brandenburg,<sup>11</sup> R. A. Briere,<sup>11</sup> A. Ershov,<sup>11</sup> Y. S. Gao,<sup>11</sup> D. Y.-J. Kim,<sup>11</sup> R. Wilson,<sup>11</sup> T. E. Browder,<sup>12</sup> Y. Li,<sup>12</sup> J. L. Rodriguez,<sup>12</sup> H. Yamamoto,<sup>12</sup> T. Bergfeld,<sup>13</sup> B. I. Eisenstein,<sup>13</sup> J. Ernst,<sup>13</sup> G. E. Gladding,<sup>13</sup> G. D. Gollin,<sup>13</sup> R. M. Hans,<sup>13</sup> E. Johnson,<sup>13</sup> I. Karliner,<sup>13</sup> M. A. Marsh,<sup>13</sup> M. Palmer,<sup>13</sup> M. Selen,<sup>13</sup> J. J. Thaler,<sup>13</sup> K. W. Edwards,<sup>14</sup> A. Bellerive,<sup>15</sup> R. Janicek,<sup>15</sup> P. M. Patel,<sup>15</sup> A. J. Sadoff,<sup>16</sup> R. Ammar,<sup>17</sup> P. Baringer,<sup>17</sup> A. Bean,<sup>17</sup> D. Besson,<sup>17</sup> D. Coppage,<sup>17</sup> R. Davis,<sup>17</sup> S. Kotov,<sup>17</sup> I. Kravchenko,<sup>17</sup> N. Kwak,<sup>17</sup> L. Zhou,<sup>17</sup> S. Anderson,<sup>18</sup> Y. Kubota,<sup>18</sup> S. J. Lee,<sup>18</sup> R. Mahapatra,<sup>18</sup> J. J. O’Neill,<sup>18</sup> R. Poling,<sup>18</sup> T. Riehle,<sup>18</sup> A. Smith,<sup>18</sup> M. S. Alam,<sup>19</sup> S. B. Athar,<sup>19</sup> Z. Ling,<sup>19</sup> A. H. Mahmood,<sup>19</sup> S. Timm,<sup>19</sup> F. Wappler,<sup>19</sup> A. Anastassov,<sup>20</sup> J. E. Duboscq,<sup>20</sup> K. K. Gan,<sup>20</sup> C. Gwon,<sup>20</sup> T. Hart,<sup>20</sup> K. Honscheid,<sup>20</sup> H. Kagan,<sup>20</sup> R. Kass,<sup>20</sup> J. Lee,<sup>20</sup> J. Lorenc,<sup>20</sup> H. Schwarthoff,<sup>20</sup> A. Wolf,<sup>20</sup> M. M. Zoeller,<sup>20</sup> S. J. Richichi,<sup>21</sup> H. Severini,<sup>21</sup> P. Skubic,<sup>21</sup> A. Undrus,<sup>21</sup> M. Bishai,<sup>22</sup> S. Chen,<sup>22</sup> J. Fast,<sup>22</sup> J. W. Hinson,<sup>22</sup> N. Menon,<sup>22</sup> D. H. Miller,<sup>22</sup> E. I. Shibata,<sup>22</sup> I. P. J. Shipsey,<sup>22</sup> S. Glenn,<sup>23</sup> Y. Kwon,<sup>23,</sup>Permanent address: Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea. A.L. Lyon,<sup>23</sup> S. Roberts,<sup>23</sup> E. H. Thorndike,<sup>23</sup> C. P. Jessop,<sup>24</sup> K. Lingel,<sup>24</sup> H. Marsiske,<sup>24</sup> M. L. Perl,<sup>24</sup> V. Savinov,<sup>24</sup> D. Ugolini,<sup>24</sup> X. Zhou,<sup>24</sup> T. E. Coan,<sup>25</sup> V. Fadeyev,<sup>25</sup> I. Korolkov,<sup>25</sup> Y. Maravin,<sup>25</sup> I. Narsky,<sup>25</sup> R. Stroynowski,<sup>25</sup> J. Ye,<sup>25</sup> and T. Wlodek<sup>25</sup>

<sup>1</sup>Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244

<sup>2</sup>Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235

<sup>3</sup>Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061

<sup>4</sup>Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202

<sup>5</sup>California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125

<sup>6</sup>University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093

<sup>7</sup>University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106

<sup>8</sup>University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390

<sup>9</sup>Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853

<sup>10</sup>University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611

<sup>11</sup>Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

<sup>12</sup>University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822

<sup>13</sup>University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801

<sup>14</sup>Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6

and the Institute of Particle Physics, Canada

<sup>15</sup>McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8

and the Institute of Particle Physics, Canada

<sup>16</sup>Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York 14850

<sup>17</sup>University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045

<sup>18</sup>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455

<sup>19</sup>State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222

<sup>20</sup>Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210

<sup>21</sup>University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019

<sup>22</sup>Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907

<sup>23</sup>University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627

<sup>24</sup>Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94309

<sup>25</sup>Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275

The Cabibbo-suppressed decay $`B^0D^+D^{}`$ is a promising channel for searches of CP violation in $`B^0`$ meson decays at future $`B`$ factories . Within the framework of the Standard Model, the proper time-dependent CP asymmetry in the decay  $`B^0D^+D^{}`$ could provide a measurement of the angle $`\beta `$ of the unitarity triangle  in the same way as the well-known decay $`B^0J/\psi K^0`$ . The final state  $`D^+D^{}`$ may be an admixture of CP-even and CP-odd states which could complicate such a measurement. However, the two CP components can be disentangled using angular correlations in the final state , and estimates based on the heavy quark limit indicate that the dilution of the asymmetry from the two different CP states is small . The decay amplitude for the process $`B^0D^+D^{}`$ is expected to be dominated by the decay $`\overline{b}\overline{c}W^+;W^+c\overline{d}`$. The branching fraction for this process can be estimated from the measured rate  of the Cabibbo-favored decay $`B^0D_s^+D^{}`$ and is $`(B^0D^+D^{})(f_D^{}/f_{D_s^{}})^2\mathrm{tan}^2\theta _\mathrm{C}(B^0D_s^+D^{})0.1\%`$, where the $`f_X`$ are the decay constants and $`\theta _\mathrm{C}`$ is the Cabibbo angle.

The CLEO  and ALEPH  collaborations have searched for the $`B^0D^+D^{}`$ decay and have reported 90% CL upper limits on the branching fraction of $`22\times 10^4`$ and $`61\times 10^4`$, respectively. In this Letter we report on the first observation of the decay $`B^0D^+D^{}`$ and a measurement of its decay rate. This measurement supersedes the previous CLEO search .

The data were recorded at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) with two configurations of the CLEO detector, called CLEO II  and CLEO II.V. In the CLEO II.V configuration, the innermost wire chamber was replaced with a precision three-layer silicon vertex detector (SVX) . Each layer of the SVX is equipped with readout on both sides providing precise measurements of the $`\varphi `$ and $`z`$ coordinates of the charged particle trajectory. (The $`z`$-axis of the CLEO cylindrical coordinate system is coincident with the $`e^+`$ beam direction.) The results in this Letter are based upon an integrated luminosity of $`3.14(2.46)\mathrm{f}b^1`$ of $`e^+e^{}`$ data recorded at the $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}(4S)`$ energy and $`1.57(1.26)\mathrm{f}b^1`$ recorded $`60\mathrm{M}eV`$ below the $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}(4S)`$ energy with the CLEO II (CLEO II.V) configuration. The Monte Carlo simulation of the CLEO detector response was based upon GEANT . Simulated events for the CLEO II and CLEO II.V configurations were processed in the same manner as the data.

Candidates for the decay $`B^0D^+D^{}`$ with the subsequent decays $`D^+D^0\pi _\mathrm{s}^+`$ and $`D^+D^+\pi _\mathrm{s}^0`$ were selected. The $`D^0`$ and $`D^+`$ mesons were reconstructed in the eleven decay modes listed in Table I. In this Letter, “$`D`$” refers to both $`D^0`$ and $`D^+`$ mesons, and “$`\pi _\mathrm{s}`$” refers to the slow pion produced in $`D^+`$ decay. In addition, reference to charge conjugate states is implicit unless explicitly stated. The charged track candidates from $`D^+`$ and $`D`$ meson decays were required to originate near the $`e^+e^{}`$ interaction point. Charged kaons and pions were distinguished using the charged particle’s measured specific ionization ($`dE/dx`$) and time of flight across the tracking volume. We required that the $`dE/dx`$ and time-of-flight information was consistent with the $`D`$ daughter hypotheses of the particular $`D`$ meson decay mode. Charged tracks and $`K_\mathrm{S}^0`$ candidates forming a $`D`$ candidate were required to originate from a common vertex. The $`K_\mathrm{S}^0`$ candidates were selected through their decay into $`\pi ^+\pi ^{}`$ mesons. The decay point of the $`K_\mathrm{S}^0`$ candidate was required to be displaced from the $`e^+e^{}`$ interaction point and at least one daughter pion was required to be inconsistent with originating at the interaction point. Neutral pions were reconstructed from photon pairs detected in the electromagnetic calorimeter. The photons were required to have an energy of at least 30(50) MeV in the barrel(endcap) region, and their invariant mass was required to be within three standard deviations of the nominal $`\pi ^0`$ meson mass . The $`\pi ^0`$ momentum was required to be at least 70(100) MeV for $`D^+`$($`D`$) daughters. To reduce backgrounds, we accepted both $`(D^0\pi _\mathrm{s}^+)(\overline{D}^0\pi _\mathrm{s}^{})`$ and $`(D^0\pi _\mathrm{s}^+)(D^{}\pi _\mathrm{s}^0)`$ combinations but not $`(D^+\pi _\mathrm{s}^0)(D^{}\pi _\mathrm{s}^0)`$. A fit constraining the mass of each $`D^+`$ candidate to the nominal value  improved the $`D^+`$ momentum resolution by 14% in simulated events.

The $`B^0D^+D^{}`$ candidates were selected by means of four observables. The first observable, $`\chi _M^2`$, measured the deviation of each $`D`$ and $`D^+`$ candidate from the nominal mass ($`M_i^\mathrm{n}`$) and mass difference ($`\mathrm{\Delta }M_i^\mathrm{n}`$), respectively,

$$\chi _M^2\underset{i=1,2}{}\left[\left(\frac{M_iM_i^\mathrm{n}}{\sigma (M_i)}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\mathrm{\Delta }M_i\mathrm{\Delta }M_i^\mathrm{n}}{\sigma (\mathrm{\Delta }M_i)}\right)^2\right],$$
(1)   
where $`\sigma (M_i)`$ and $`\sigma (\mathrm{\Delta }M_i)`$ are the average resolutions in the reconstructed $`D`$ candidate mass $`M_i`$ and the mass difference $`\mathrm{\Delta }M_iM_i(D^+)M_i`$, respectively, and $`i=1,2`$ corresponds to the $`D^{+,}`$ and the $`D`$,$`\overline{D}`$ daughters. If an event had more than one $`B^0D^+D^{}`$ candidate, then the candidate with the lowest $`\chi _M^2`$ was chosen. The second observable, $`\mathrm{L}/\sigma (\mathrm{L})`$, is the significance of the projected three-dimensional distance L between the reconstructed $`D`$ and $`\overline{D}`$ meson decay vertices,

$$\mathrm{L}=(\stackrel{}{V}_D\stackrel{}{V}_{\overline{D}})\frac{(\stackrel{}{p}_D\stackrel{}{p}_{\overline{D}})}{|\stackrel{}{p}_D\stackrel{}{p}_{\overline{D}}|},$$

where $`\stackrel{}{p}_D`$ and $`\stackrel{}{V}_D`$ are the momentum and decay vertex position of the $`D`$ candidate, respectively, and $`\sigma (\mathrm{L})`$ was calculated from the covariance matrices of the $`D`$ and $`\overline{D}`$ tracks resulting from the vertex fits of the $`D`$ daughters. This observable exploits the relatively long $`D^+`$ meson lifetime and the precise decay vertex resolution available in CLEO II.V. The difference between the energy of the $`B^0`$ candidate and the beam energy, $`\mathrm{\Delta }EE(D^+)+E(D^{})E_{\mathrm{beam}}`$, is the third observable. In simulated  $`B^0D^+D^{}`$ decays, the $`\mathrm{\Delta }E`$ resolution is $`8.0\mathrm{M}eV`$. The fourth observable is the beam-constrained $`B^0`$ candidate mass $`M_B\sqrt{E_{\mathrm{beam}}^2\stackrel{}{p}_{B}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}`$ where $`\stackrel{}{p}_B`$ is the momentum of the $`B`$ candidate. The resolution of $`M_B`$, dominated by the beam energy spread, was measured to be $`2.5\mathrm{M}eV`$ .

The selection criteria for these four observables were optimized for signal significance using simulated signal and background events. We also checked the optimization using background distributions estimated from the data by combining $`D`$ candidates with $`\pi _\mathrm{s}^+`$ and $`\pi _\mathrm{s}^0`$ candidates with the momentum vector direction reversed and found similar results. The optimal criteria determined were $`\chi _M^2<10`$, $`\mathrm{L}/\sigma (\mathrm{L})>0`$ for the $`(D^0\pi _\mathrm{s}^+)(D^{}\pi _\mathrm{s}^0)`$ candidates in the CLEO II.V data only, $`|\mathrm{\Delta }E|<20\mathrm{M}eV`$ and $`|\mathrm{\Delta }M_B||M_BM_B^{\mathrm{nom}}|<6.25\mathrm{M}eV`$ where $`M_B^{\mathrm{nom}}`$ is the nominal $`B^0`$ meson mass .

With these criteria, the reconstruction efficiency for each $`D^+`$ and $`D`$ decay channel was measured from simulated $`B^0D^+D^{}`$ decays. Important issues in $`B^0D^+D^{}`$ reconstruction are the ability to reconstruct the trajectory of charged slow pions $`\pi _\mathrm{s}^+`$ that populate the momentum range from 60 to 190 MeV and the accurate determination of their reconstruction efficiency. The track-finding algorithm used for these results was optimized for the CLEO II but not the CLEO II.V configuration. As a result, the ratio of the $`D^+D^0\pi _\mathrm{s}^+`$ reconstruction efficiency in the CLEO II.V data to that in the CLEO II data is ($`65\pm 6`$)% due to the reduced $`\pi _\mathrm{s}^+`$ reconstruction efficiency. We corrected the $`D^+`$ reconstruction efficiency for differences in the inclusive $`D^+`$ meson yields between data and simulation in this momentum range using the measured inclusive $`D^+`$ production spectrum in $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}(4S)B\overline{B}`$ events . Including the $`D^+`$ and $`D`$ daughter branching fractions, the overall reconstruction efficiency was $`=(10.08\pm 1.10)\times 10^4`$. An appropriate figure of merit is the single event sensitivity, defined as $`[2N(B\overline{B})f_{00}]^1`$, where $`N(B\overline{B})`$ is the number of $`B\overline{B}`$ pairs and $`f_{00}=0.48\pm 0.04`$ is the fraction of $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}(4S)`$ decays to  $`B^0\overline{B}^0`$  . Our sample of $`3.3\times 10^6`$ ($`2.5\times 10^6`$) $`B\overline{B}`$ pairs in the CLEO II (CLEO II.V) data gives a single event sensitivity for $`B^0D^+D^{}`$ of $`(1.8\pm 0.3)\times 10^4`$.

We used two independent methods to estimate the contributions of the background to the signal region, defined as $`|\mathrm{\Delta }E|<20\mathrm{M}eV`$ and $`|\mathrm{\Delta }M_B|<6.25\mathrm{M}eV`$. In Method 1, we scaled the number of candidates in a grand sideband (GSB) to estimate the background contribution to the signal region. The GSB is defined by the regions ($`50<|\mathrm{\Delta }E|<400\mathrm{M}eV`$ and $`5.20<M_B<5.29\mathrm{G}eV`$) or ($`|\mathrm{\Delta }E|<400\mathrm{M}eV`$ and $`5.20<M_B<5.26\mathrm{G}eV`$) and is indicated in Figure 1(a) as the area outside the dashed line. The scale factor for the GSB events is the ratio of the area of the signal region to area of the GSB. The estimated background contribution to the signal region is $`0.261\pm 0.043`$ events from Method 1. In principle, the background contribution determined from the GSB slightly overestimates the actual background due to $`BD^+D^{}X_{s,d}`$ decays that are kinematically forbidden to populate the signal region but may be present in the $`\mathrm{\Delta }E`$ or $`M_B`$ sideband regions. This overestimation is negligible as discussed below.

For Method 2, we decomposed the background into four classes and estimated the contribution of each class separately. The dominant background class is composed of random combinations of $`D^+`$ and $`D^{}`$ candidates in which either one or both candidates is “fake”; that is, they are not composed of the daughters of an actual $`D^+`$ decay. The other background classes comprise combinations in which the $`D^+`$ and $`D^{}`$ candidates arise from actual $`D^+`$ and $`D^{}`$ meson decays that are roughly back-to-back. The contributing processes are (1) $`e^+e^{}c\overline{c}`$ with $`cD^+`$ and $`\overline{c}D^{}`$, (2) $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}(4S)B\overline{B}`$ with $`BD^+X`$ and $`\overline{B}D^{}Y`$, and (3) $`BD^+D^{}X_{s,d}`$ where $`X_{s,d}`$ represents either a strange or non-strange meson from the decay of an orbitally- or a radially-excited $`D`$ meson or non-resonant $`D^+X`$ production.

We estimated the combinatorial background from data with explicit fake $`D^+`$ candidates formed by replacing $`M_1^\mathrm{n}`$ in $`\chi _M^2`$ in equation (1) with $`M_1^\mathrm{n}+6\sigma (M_1)`$ or $`M_1^\mathrm{n}6\sigma (M_1)`$. We first formed a sample of fake $`D^+`$ candidates combined with standard $`D^{}`$ candidates. Similarly, we formed a sample of fake $`D^+`$ candidates combined with fake $`D^{}`$ candidates. The combinatorial background can be derived from these samples and contributes an estimated $`0.304\pm 0.040`$ events when scaled to the signal region.

The contribution of the process (1) $`e^+e^{}c\overline{c}`$, $`cD^+`$, $`\overline{c}D^{}`$ was estimated from the data taken 60 MeV below the $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}(4S)`$ after subtracting the combinatorial background using the method described above. The estimated rate of $`e^+e^{}c\overline{c}`$, $`cD^+`$, $`\overline{c}D^{}`$ was corrected for the relative cross section and luminosity and scaled to the area of the signal region. The estimated number of events in the signal region from this process was $`0.039\pm 0.030`$.

The contributions of processes (2) and (3) from $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}(4S)B\overline{B}`$ were estimated from a sample of simulated events approximately ten times the data sample. The process (2) $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}(4S)B\overline{B}`$, $`BD^+X`$, $`\overline{B}D^{}X`$ was estimated to contribute $`0.024\pm 0.003`$ events to the signal region. The contribution of $`BD^+D^{}X_s`$ was determined to be negligible assuming $`(BD^+D^{}X_s)=1.8\%`$ . The contribution of $`BD^+D^{}X_d`$ was estimated from a simulation of $`BD^+D_{\mathrm{s}im}^{}`$ in which the $`D_{\mathrm{s}im}^{}`$ pseudo-particle had a mass of 2420 $`\mathrm{M}eV`$ and a width of 400 $`\mathrm{M}eV`$ and was forced to decay to the $`D^{}\pi ^0`$ final state. The reconstructed $`D^+D^{}`$ combination from this process tends to have $`\mathrm{\Delta }E<M_{X_d}`$ so the probability of reconstructing it with $`|\mathrm{\Delta }E|<400\mathrm{M}eV`$ and $`5.20<M_B<5.29\mathrm{G}eV`$ is twelve times smaller than that for the signal process. Assuming $`(BD^+D^{}X_d)(B^0D^+D^{})`$, this contribution to the signal region is negligible. The estimated contribution to the signal region from the sum of all backgrounds is $`0.367\pm 0.051`$ events for Method 2.

The background rates obtained from these two statistically independent methods were averaged to yield the estimated background contribution to the signal region of $`0.306\pm 0.033(\mathrm{s}tat)\pm 0.094(\mathrm{s}yst)`$. The $`31\%`$ systematic uncertainty arises from the uncertainty in the shapes of the $`\mathrm{\Delta }E`$ and $`M_B`$ distributions of the background. The systematic uncertainty was taken to be the difference in the scale factor when these distributions were fitted with second- and first-order polynomials, respectively, instead of a zeroth-order polynomial.

The distribution of the 41 candidates passing the selection criteria in the $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}(4S)`$ data sample in the $`\mathrm{\Delta }E`$ vs $`M_B`$ plane is shown in Figure 1. There are four candidates in the signal region. The observed number of candidates and the estimated background for the $`(D^0\pi _\mathrm{s}^+)(\overline{D}^0\pi _\mathrm{s}^{})`$ and $`(D^0\pi _\mathrm{s}^+)(D^{}\pi _\mathrm{s}^0)`$ submodes are listed in Table II. Also listed in Table II is the probability that a fluctuation of the estimated background could produce the observed number of signal candidates or more in each submode. The calculation of the background fluctuation probability assumes that the statistical uncertainty in the background in the two submodes is uncorrelated and that the systematic uncertainty in the background is fully correlated between the submodes. Integrating over all background levels, assuming that the number of background events is normally distributed about its central value for each submode , we find that the combined probability that the estimated background could produce the observed number of signal candidates or more in the two submodes is $`1.1\times 10^4`$.

The branching fraction of $`B^0D^+D^{}`$ was calculated using a maximum likelihood technique that took into account the signal efficiency and estimated background contribution for each $`D`$ decay mode in the CLEO II and CLEO II.V data samples. The branching fraction was determined to be $`(B^0D^+D^{})=(6.2_{2.9}^{+4.0}\pm 1.0)\times 10^4`$, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. The systematic uncertainty is dominated by the uncertainties in $``$ ($`13.3\%`$) and $`f_{00}`$ ($`8.3\%`$). The product branching fraction, using the $`D^+`$ and $`D`$ decay modes as in this Letter, $`(B^0D^+D^{})\times (D^+D\pi )\times (DX)4\times 10^5`$, is comparable to that of the $`B^0J/\psi K^0`$ decay mode, $`(B^0J/\psi K^0)\times (J/\psi \mathrm{}^+\mathrm{}^{})\times (K^0K_\mathrm{S}^0\pi ^+\pi ^{})3.6\times 10^5`$. With careful optimization of the charged track reconstruction efficiency, in particular that of charged slow pions, exclusively reconstructed $`B^0D^+D^{}`$ decays could permit a complementary measurement of the angle $`\beta `$ of the unitarity triangle at future $`B`$ factories.

In conclusion, we have fully reconstructed four $`B^0D^+D^{}`$ candidates with a total estimated background of $`0.31\pm 0.10`$ events in $`5.8\times 10^6`$ $`\mathrm{{\rm Y}}(4S)B\overline{B}`$ decays. The probability that the estimated background could fluctuate to the observed number of signal candidate events or more is $`1.1\times 10^4`$. The branching fraction is measured to be $`(B^0D^+D^{})=[6.2_{2.9}^{+4.0}(\mathrm{s}tat)\pm 1.0(\mathrm{s}yst)]\times 10^4`$ and is in agreement with the expected rate. This rate suggests that this decay could provide an avenue for the measurement of the angle $`\beta `$ of the unitarity triangle.

We gratefully acknowledge the effort of the CESR staff in providing us with excellent luminosity and running conditions. We also thank the staffs of our institutions in providing us with a superbly performing detector. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the Research Corporation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the A.P. Sloan Foundation, the Swiss National Science Foundation, and the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung.