# The theoretical predictions for the study of the 𝑎₀⁢(980) and 𝑓₀⁢(980) mesons in the ϕ radiative decays. 11footnote 1Talk presented by V.V. Gubin

## Abstract

The potentialities of the production of the $`a_0`$ and $`f_0`$ mesons in the $`\varphi `$ radiative decays are considered.

The central problem of light hadron spectroscopy has been the problem of the scalar $`f_0(980)`$ and $`a_0(980)`$ mesons. It is well known fact that these states possess peculiar properties from the naive quark ($`q\overline{q}`$) model point of view, see, for example . To clarify the nature of these mesons a number of models has been suggested. It was shown that all their challenging properties could be understood  in the framework of the four-quark ($`q^2\overline{q}^2`$) MIT-bag model  with symbolic quark structure $`f_0(980)=s\overline{s}(u\overline{u}+d\overline{d})/\sqrt{2}`$ and $`a_0(980)=s\overline{s}(u\overline{u}d\overline{d})/\sqrt{2}`$. Along with the $`q^2\overline{q}^2`$ nature of $`a_0(980)`$ and $`f_0(980)`$ mesons the possibility of their being the $`K\overline{K}`$ molecule is discussed . During the last few years it was established  that the radiative decays of the $`\varphi `$ meson $`\varphi \gamma f_0\gamma \pi \pi `$ and $`\varphi \gamma a_0\gamma \eta \pi `$ could be a good guideline in distinguishing the $`f_0`$ and $`a_0`$ meson models. The branching ratios are considerably different in the cases of naive quark, four-quark or molecular models. As has been shown , in the four quark model the branching ratio is

$$BR(\varphi \gamma f_0(q^2\overline{q}^2)\gamma \pi \pi )BR(\varphi \gamma a_0(q^2\overline{q}^2)\gamma \pi \eta )10^4,$$
(1)   
and in the $`K\overline{K}`$ molecule model it is

$$BR(\varphi \gamma f_0(K\overline{K})\gamma \pi \pi )BR(\varphi \gamma a_0(K\overline{K})\gamma \pi \eta )10^5.$$
(2)   
It is easy to note that in the case $`f_0=s\overline{s}`$ and $`a_0=(u\overline{u}d\overline{d})/\sqrt{2}`$ ( so called $`s\overline{s}`$ model ) the branching ratios $`BR(\varphi \gamma f_0\gamma \pi \pi )`$ and $`BR(\varphi \gamma a_0\gamma \pi \eta )`$ are different by factor of ten, which should be visible experimentally.

In the case when $`f_0=s\overline{s}`$ the suppression by the OZI rule is absent and the evaluation gives 

$`BR(\varphi \gamma f_0(s\overline{s})\gamma \pi \pi )510^5,`$ (3)   
whereas for $`a_0=(u\overline{u}d\overline{d})/\sqrt{2}`$ the decay $`\varphi \gamma a_0\gamma \pi \eta `$ is suppressed by the OZI rule and is dominated by the real $`K^+K^{}`$ intermediate state breaking the OZI rule 

$`BR(\varphi \gamma a_0(q\overline{q})\gamma \pi \eta )(5÷8)10^6.`$ (4)   
Imposing the appropriate photon energy cuts $`\omega <100`$ MeV, one can show  that the background reactions $`e^+e^{}\rho (\omega )\pi ^0\omega (\rho )\gamma \pi ^0\pi ^0`$, $`e^+e^{}\rho (\omega )\pi ^0\omega (\rho )\gamma \pi ^0\eta `$ and $`e^+e^{}\varphi \pi ^0\rho \gamma \pi ^0\pi ^0(\eta )`$ are negligible in comparison with the scalar meson contribution $`e^+e^{}\varphi \gamma f_0(a_0)\gamma \pi ^0\pi ^0(\eta )`$ for $`BR(\varphi \gamma f_0(a_0)\gamma \pi ^0\pi ^0(\eta ))`$ greater than $`510^6(10^5)`$.

Let us consider the reaction $`e^+e^{}\varphi \gamma (f_0+\sigma )\gamma \pi ^0\pi ^0`$ with regard to the mixing of the $`f_0`$ and $`\sigma `$ mesons. We consider the one-loop mechanism of the $`R`$ meson production, where $`R=f_0,\sigma `$, through the charged kaon loop, $`\varphi K^+K^{}\gamma R`$, see . The whole formalism in the frame of which we study this problem is discussed in . The parameters of the $`f_0`$ and $`\sigma `$ mesons we obtain from fitting the $`\pi \pi `$ scattering data, see .

In the four-quark model and $`s\overline{s}`$ model we consider the following parameters to be free: the coupling constant of the $`f_0`$ meson to the $`K\overline{K}`$ channel $`g_{f_0K^+K^{}}`$, the coupling constant of the $`\sigma `$ meson to the $`\pi \pi `$ channel $`g_{\sigma \pi \pi }`$, the constant of the $`f_0\sigma `$ transition $`C_{f_0\sigma }`$, the ratio $`R=g_{f_0K^+K^{}}^2/g_{f_0\pi ^+\pi ^{}}^2`$, the phase $`\theta `$ of the elastic background and the $`\sigma `$ meson mass. The mass of the $`f_0`$ meson is restricted to the region $`0.97<m_{f_0}<0.99`$ GeV. Treating the $`\sigma `$ meson as an ordinary two-quark state, we get $`g_{\sigma K^+K^{}}=\sqrt{\lambda }g_{\sigma \pi ^+\pi ^{}}/20.35g_{\sigma \pi ^+\pi ^{}}`$, where $`\lambda 1/2`$ takes into account suppression of the strange quark production. So the constant $`g_{\sigma K^+K^{}}`$ ( and $`g_{\sigma \eta \eta }`$ ) is not essential in our fit.

As for the reaction $`e^+e^{}\gamma \pi ^0\eta `$ the similar analysis of the $`\pi \eta `$ scattering cannot be performed directly. But, our analysis of the final state interaction for the $`f_0`$ meson production show that the situation does not changed radically, in any case in the region $`\omega <100`$ MeV. Hence, one can hope that the final state interaction in the $`e^+e^{}\gamma a_0\gamma \pi \eta `$ reaction will not strongly affect the predictions in the region $`\omega <100`$ MeV. Based on the analysis of $`\pi \pi `$ scattering and using the relations between coupling constants we predict the quantities of the $`BR(\varphi \gamma a_0\gamma \pi \eta )`$ in the $`q^2\overline{q}^2`$ model, $`K\overline{K}`$ model and the $`q\overline{q}`$ model where $`f_0=s\overline{s}`$ and $`a_0=(u\overline{u}d\overline{d})/\sqrt{2}`$.

The fitting shows that in the four quark model ($`g_{f_0K^+K^{}}^2/4\pi 1GeV^2`$ ) a number of parameters describe well enough the $`\pi \pi `$ scattering in the region $`0.7<m<1.8`$ GeV, see . We predict $`BR(\varphi \gamma (f_0+\sigma )\gamma \pi \pi )10^4`$ and $`BR(\varphi \gamma a_0\gamma \pi \eta )10^4`$ in the $`q^2\overline{q}^2`$ model.

In the model of the $`K\overline{K}`$ molecule we get $`BR(\varphi \gamma (f_0+\sigma )\gamma \pi \pi )10^5`$ and $`BR(\varphi \gamma a_0\gamma \pi \eta )10^5`$.

In the $`q\overline{q}`$ model the $`f_0(a_0)`$ meson is considered as a point-like object, i.e. in the $`K\overline{K}`$ loop, $`\varphi K^+K^{}\gamma f_0(a_0)`$ and in the transitions caused by the $`f_0\sigma `$ mixing we consider both the real and the virtual intermediate states. This model is different from $`q^2\overline{q}^2`$ model by the coupling constant which is $`g_{f_0K^+K^{}}^2/4\pi <0.5GeV^2`$. In this model we obtain $`BR(\varphi \gamma (f_0+\sigma )\gamma \pi \pi )510^5`$ and taking into account the imaginary part of the decay amplitude only, which violates the OZI rule, we get $`BR(\varphi \gamma a_0(q\overline{q})\gamma \pi \eta )810^6`$.

The experimental data from SND and CMD-2 detectors support the four quark nature of the $`f_0`$ and $`a_0`$ mesons, see Fig.1 and Fig.2. and also . The obtained parameters for $`f_0`$ meson from SND detector are $`m_{f_0}=971\pm 6\pm 5`$ MeV, $`g_{f_0K^+K^{}}^2/4\pi =2.1\pm _{0.56}^{0.88}GeV^2`$, $`R=4.1`$ and $`BR(\varphi \pi ^0\pi ^0\gamma )=(1.14\pm 0.1\pm 0.12)10^4`$, see the dashed line on Fig.1.

As for reaction $`e^+e^{}\gamma \pi ^+\pi ^{}`$, the analysis shows that the study of this reaction is an interesting and rather complex problem.

The main problem is the large background process of final pions radiation. The $`f_0`$ state in this reaction could be studied only by observing the interference patterns in the total cross-section and in the photon spectrum . As it was shown in , since the Fermi-Watson theorem for the final state interaction due to the soft photons in the reaction $`e^+e^{}\rho (s)\gamma \pi ^+\pi ^{}`$ is not valid, the phase of the amplitude $`\gamma ^{}(s)\rho \gamma \pi \pi `$ does not determined by the s-wave phase of $`\pi \pi `$ scattering. The analyses of the interference patterns in the reaction $`e^+e^{}\varphi +\rho \gamma f_0+\gamma \pi ^+\pi ^{}\gamma \pi ^+\pi ^{}`$ should be performed taking into account the phase of the elastic background of the $`\pi \pi `$ scattering, the phase of the triangle diagram $`\varphi K^+K^{}\gamma f_0`$ and the phase of the $`f_0`$$`\sigma `$ complex in the $`\varphi K^+K^{}\gamma (f_0+\sigma )\gamma \pi \pi `$ amplitude. The whole formalism for the description of these reactions and the resulting pictures were stated in .