# Internal Jet Structure in Dijet Production in Deep-Inelastic Scattering

## 1 INTRODUCTION

The internal structure of jets is sensitive to the mechanism by which a complex aggregate of observable hadrons evolves from a hard process. It is expected that the internal structure of jets depends mainly on the type of the primary parton, quark or gluon, from which it originated and to a lesser extent on the particular hard scattering process. Measurements of the internal structure of jets have been made in $`p\overline{p}`$ collisions and in $`e^+e^{}`$ annihilations. At the $`e^\pm p`$ collider HERA jet shapes have been investigated in photoproduction ($`Q^20\mathrm{GeV}^2`$)  and in deep-inelastic scattering at $`Q^2>100\mathrm{GeV}^2`$ .

Here we present the measurements of internal jet structure  in a sample of inclusive dijet events with transverse jet energies of $`E_{T,\mathrm{Breit}}>5\mathrm{GeV}`$ in the kinematic range of $`10<Q^2120\mathrm{GeV}^2`$ and $`210^4x_{\mathrm{Bj}}810^3`$. Jets are defined in the Breit frame by the $`k_{}`$  and the cone  jet algorithm. The analysis is based on data taken in 1994 with the H1 detector at HERA, operated with positrons of energy $`E_e=\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}27.5}\mathrm{GeV}`$ colliding with protons of energy $`E_p=\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}820}\mathrm{GeV}`$. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of $`_{\mathrm{int}}2\text{pb}^1`$. Two observables, jet shapes and subjet multiplicities, are studied. Both observables are corrected for detector effects and are presented as a function of the transverse jet energy and the jet pseudo-rapidity.

## 2 OBSERVABLES

The jet shape $`\mathrm{\Psi }(r)`$ is defined as the average fractional transverse jet energy that lies in a subcone of radius $`r`$ concentric with the jet axis

$$\mathrm{\Psi }(r)\frac{1}{N_{\mathrm{jets}}}\underset{\mathrm{jets}}{}\frac{E_T(r)}{E_{T,\mathrm{jet}}}.$$
(1)   
$`N_{\mathrm{jets}}`$ is the total number of jets in the sample and $`E_T(r)`$ is the transverse energy within a subcone of radius $`r`$. A natural variable for studying the internal structure of jets with the $`k_{}`$ cluster algorithm is the multiplicity of subjets, resolved at a resolution scale which is a fraction of the jet’s transverse energy. For each jet in the sample the clustering procedure is repeated for all particles assigned to the jet. The clustering is stopped when the distances $`y_{ij}`$ between all particles $`i,j`$ are above some cut-off $`y_{\mathrm{cut}}`$

$$y_{ij}=\frac{\mathrm{min}(E_{T,i}^2,E_{T,j}^2)}{E_{T,\mathrm{jet}}^2}\frac{\left(\mathrm{\Delta }\eta _{ij}^2+\mathrm{\Delta }\varphi _{ij}^2\right)}{R_0^2}>y_{\mathrm{cut}}$$
(2)   
where $`R_0`$ is set to $`R_0=1.0`$. The remaining (pseudo-)particles are called subjets. The parameter $`y_{\mathrm{cut}}`$ defines the minimal relative transverse energy between subjets inside the jet and thus determines the extent to which the internal jet structure is resolved.

## 3 RESULTS

The radial dependence of the jet shape $`\mathrm{\Psi }(r)`$ for the $`k_{}`$ algorithm is shown in Fig. 1 in different ranges of the pseudo-rapidity and transverse jet energy in the Breit frame. The predictions of three QCD models are overlaid. The jet shape $`\mathrm{\Psi }(r)`$ increases faster with $`r`$ for jets at larger $`E_T`$, indicating that these jets are more collimated. Jets towards the proton direction (at larger values of $`\eta _{\text{Breit}}`$) are broader than jets towards the photon direction (smaller $`\eta _{\text{Breit}}`$).

The QCD models LEPTO, ARIADNE and HERWIG all show $`E_{T,\mathrm{Breit}}`$ and $`\eta _{\text{Breit}}`$ dependencies similar to those seen in the data. LEPTO gives a good overall description of the data although it has the tendency to produce broader jets in the proton direction. A good description is also obtained by the ARIADNE model except for jets at smaller pseudo-rapidities where the jet shapes have the tendency of being too narrow. For the HERWIG model the jet shapes are slightly narrower than those in the data in all $`E_{T,\mathrm{Breit}}`$ and $`\eta _{\text{Breit}}`$ regions.

Fig. 2 shows the jet shapes and the subjet multiplicities for the $`k_{}`$ algorithm as predicted by the LEPTO parton shower model, separately for quark and gluon jets at $`E_{T,\mathrm{Breit}}>8\mathrm{GeV}`$ and $`\eta _{\text{Breit}}<1.5`$. Within this model gluon jets are broader than quark jets. The same prediction is obtained by the HERWIG parton shower model. In the phase space considered here, LEPTO and HERWIG (in agreement with next-to-leading order calculations) predict a fraction of approx. 80 % photon-gluon fusion events with two quarks in the partonic final state. The jet samples of these models are therefore dominated by quark jets. Both model predictions for the jet shapes and the subjet multiplicities therefore mainly reflect the properties of the quark jets as can be seen in Fig. 2. These predictions give a good description of the data. Thus, we conclude, that the jets we observe are consistent with being mainly initiated by quarks.

Fig. 3 shows the jet shapes for the cone algorithm in the backward region ($`\eta _{\text{Breit}}<1.5`$) for two regions of $`E_{T,\mathrm{Breit}}`$. As seen for the $`k_{}`$ algorithm in Fig. 1 jets with larger transverse energy $`E_{T,\mathrm{Breit}}`$ are more collimated.

The results are compared to the jet shapes measured by OPAL in $`\gamma \gamma `$ collisions  in similar $`E_T`$ regions. Although these jets are produced in a different scattering process, their jet shapes are very similar to those measured in $`ep`$ collisions. This indicates that the internal jet structure does not depend on the underlying hard process.