# The rare decays 𝐵→𝑋_{𝑠,𝑑}⁢𝜈⁢𝜈̄ and 𝐵_{𝑠,𝑑}→𝑙⁺⁢𝑙⁻ in the Multiscale Walking Technicolor Model Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19575015 and By the Sino-British Friendship Scholarship Scheme.

## Abstract

We calculate the contributions to the rare B-decays, $`BX_{s,d}\nu \overline{\nu }`$, $`B_{s,d}l^+l^{}`$ from the unit-charged technipions. Within the considered parameter space we find that: (a) the enhancements to the branching ratios in question can be as large as three orders of magnitude; (b) the ALEPH data of $`BX_s\nu \overline{\nu }`$ lead to strong mass bounds on $`m_{p1}`$ and $`m_{p8}`$: $`m_{p8}620,475GeV`$ for $`F_Q=40GeV`$ and $`m_{p1}=100,400GeV`$ respectively. (c) the CDF data of $`B_s\mu \overline{\mu }`$ lead to a relatively weak limit: $`m_{p8}320GeV`$ for $`F_Q=40GeV`$ and $`m_{p1}=200GeV`$.

PACS: 12.60.Nz, 12.15.Ji, 13.20.Jf

In the framework of the Standard Model (SM), the rare decays $`BX_{s,d}\nu \overline{\nu }`$ and $`B_{s,d}l^+l^{}`$ are theoretically very clean and dominated by similar $`Z^0`$-penguin and W-box diagrams involving top quark exchanges . These rare B-decay modes therefore may play an important role in searching for the new physics beyond the SM .

In ref., Lane and Ramana constructed a specific multiscale walking technicolor model(MWTCM) and investigated its phenomenology. This model predicted a rich spectrum of technipions. Among them are unit-charged color-octets $`\pi _{\overline{D}U}^a`$ ( $`a`$ is the color index) and unit-charged color-singlets $`P_1^+`$ and $`P_2^+`$. In this letter, we use the symbol $`\pi _8`$ and $`m_{p8}`$ to denote the color-octet $`\pi _{\overline{D}U}`$ and its mass. The mixed state $`\pi _1`$ of the $`P_1^+`$ and $`P_2^+`$ is the same kind of technipion as $`P^+`$ given in ref.. We will study the new contributions to the rare B-decays from the physical mixed state $`\pi _1`$ instead of the two technipions $`P_1^+`$ and $`P_2^+`$, for the sake of simplicity. According to the estimations in ref., $`m_{p1}200GeV`$ and $`m_{p8}300GeV`$.

In ref., the authors calculated the contributions to the rare decay $`bs\gamma `$ due to the effective $`bs\gamma `$ coupling induced by the $`\pi _1`$ and $`\pi _8`$ appeared in the MWTCM and found that resultant enhancement to the branching ratio $`B(BX_s\gamma )`$ can be two orders of magnitude. The CLEO data led to strong limit on charged technipion masses: $`m_{p8}>600GeV`$ for $`m_{p1}=300GeV`$. The MWTCM itself is therefore strongly disfavored by the CLEO data.

In this letter, we calculate the new contributions to the rare decays $`BX_{s,d}\nu \overline{\nu }`$ and $`B_{s,d}l^+l^{}`$ due to the effective $`b\overline{s}Z`$ coupling induced also by the $`\pi _1`$ and $`\pi _8`$. This work is complementary to the relevant studies about the new effects to the $`bs\gamma `$ decay and the rare K-decays $`etc`$ , in order to test or constrain the Technicolor(TC) models by currently available data of rare B- and K-decays.

In the numerical calculation, we treat $`m_{p1}`$ and $`m_{p8}`$ as semi-free parameters, varying in the ranges of $`100GeVm_{p1}400GeV`$ and $`200GeVm_{p8}800GeV`$ respectively. The relevant Yukawa and gauge couplings of charged technipions to fermion pairs and to $`Z^0`$ gauge boson can be found in refs..

The new penguin diagrams for the induced $`b\overline{s}Z`$ couplings due to the exchange of the $`\pi _1`$ and $`\pi _8`$ are shown in Fig.1. The corresponding one-loop diagrams in the SM were evaluated long time ago and can be found in ref.. Only the color-singlet $`\pi _1`$ couples to lepton pairs, and therefore may contribute to the rare B-decays in question through the box diagrams. But the Yukawa couplings between $`\pi _1`$ and $`l\nu `$ pairs are strongly suppressed by the lightness of the lepton masses $`m_l`$ ($`l=e\mu ,\tau `$). Consequently, we can neglect the tiny contributions from $`\pi _1`$ through the box diagrams safely.

Because of the lightness of the $`s`$ and $`b`$ quarks when compared with the top quark mass $`m_t`$ and the technipion masses $`m_{p1}`$ and $`m_{p8}`$ we set $`m_s=0`$ and $`m_b=0`$ in the calculation. We will use dimensional regularization to regulate all the ultraviolet divergences in the virtual loop corrections and adopt the modified minimal subtracted ($`\overline{MS}`$) renormalization scheme.

By analytical evaluations of the Feynman diagrams as shown in Fig.1, we find the effective $`b\overline{s}Z`$ vertex induced by the $`\pi _1`$ and $`\pi _8`$ exchanges,

$`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{Z_\mu }^I={\displaystyle \frac{1}{16\pi ^2}}{\displaystyle \frac{g^3}{\mathrm{cos}\theta _W}}{\displaystyle \underset{j}{}}V_{js}^{}V_{jb}\overline{s_L}\gamma _\mu b_LC_0^{New}(y_j)`$ (1)   
$`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{Z_\mu }^{II}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{16\pi ^2}}{\displaystyle \frac{g^3}{\mathrm{cos}\theta _W}}{\displaystyle \underset{j}{}}V_{js}^{}V_{jb}\overline{s_L}\gamma _\mu b_LC_0^{New}(z_j)`$ (2)   
with

$`C_0^{New}(y_j)=\eta _{TC}^a\left[{\displaystyle \frac{y_j(1+2\mathrm{sin}^2\theta _W3y_j+2\mathrm{sin}^2\theta _Wy_j)}{8(1y_j)}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{cos}^2\theta _Wy_j^2}{2(1y_j)^2}}\mathrm{ln}(y_j)\right]`$ (3)   
$`C_0^{New}(z_j)=\eta _{TC}^b\left[{\displaystyle \frac{z_j(1+2\mathrm{sin}^2\theta _W3z_j+2\mathrm{sin}^2\theta _Wz_j)}{8(1z_j)}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{cos}^2\theta _Wz_j^2}{2(1z_j)^2}}\mathrm{ln}(z_j)\right]`$ (4)   
and

$`\eta _{TC}^a={\displaystyle \frac{m_{p1}^2}{3\sqrt{2}F_Q^2G_FM_W^2}},\eta _{TC}^b={\displaystyle \frac{8m_{p8}^2}{3\sqrt{2}F_Q^2G_FM_W^2}}`$ (5)   
where $`y_j=m_j^2/m_{p1}^2`$, $`z_j=m_j^2/m_{p8}^2`$, $`V_{ij}`$ ($`i=u,c,t`$ and $`j=d,s,b`$) are the elements of the CKM mixing matrix, $`M_W`$ is the mass of W gauge boson, $`F_Q`$ is the technipion decay constant in the MWTCM, $`\mathrm{sin}\theta _W`$ is the Weinberg angle, and $`G_F=1.16639\times 10^5(GeV^2)`$ is the Fermi coupling constant. The functions $`C_0^{New}(y_j)`$ and $`C_0^{New}(z_j)`$ in eqs.(3, 4) are just the same kind of functions as the basic function $`C_0(x_i)`$ in eq.(2.18) of ref.. Functions $`C_0(y_t)`$ and $`C_0(z_t)`$ describe the contributions to the $`b\overline{s}Z`$ vertex from the $`\pi _1`$ and $`\pi _8`$ respectively. The $`C_0(y_t)`$ is always positive, but the $`C_0(z_t)`$ will change its sign from $`\mathrm{"}+\mathrm{"}`$ to $`\mathrm{"}\mathrm{"}`$ at $`m_{p8}=531GeV`$.

Within the SM, the rare B-decays under consideration depend on the functions $`X(x_t)`$ and/or $`Y(x_t)`$, they are currently known at the next-to-leading order level . When the new contributions from charged technipions are included, one has

$`X(x_t,y_t,z_t)`$ $`=`$ $`X(x_t)+C_0^{New}(y_t)+C_0^{New}(z_t),`$ (6)   
$`Y(x_t,y_t,z_t)`$ $`=`$ $`Y(x_t)+C_0^{New}(y_t)+C_0^{New}(z_t).`$ (7)   
where $`x_t=m_t^2/m_W^2`$, $`y_t=m_t^2/m_{p1}^2`$ and $`z_t=m_t^2/m_{p8}^2`$.

In the following numerical calculations, we fix the relevant parameters as follows and use them as the Standard Input: $`M_W=80.2GeV`$, $`\alpha _{em}=1/129`$, $`\mathrm{sin}^2\theta _W=0.23`$, $`m_t\overline{m_t}(m_t)=170GeV`$, $`\tau (B_s)=\tau (B_d)=1.6ps`$, $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\overline{MS}}^{(5)}=0.225GeV`$, $`F_{B_s}=0.210GeV`$, $`m_{B_s}=5.38GeV`$, $`m_{B_d}=5.28GeV`$, $`A=0.84`$, $`\lambda =0.22`$, $`\rho =0`$ and $`\eta =0.36`$. For the definitions and values of these input parameters, one can see refs..

Within the SM, normalizing to the semi-leptonic branching ratio $`B(BX_ce\overline{\nu })`$ and summing over the three neutrino flavors one finds

$`B(BX_s\nu \overline{\nu })=B(BX_ce\overline{\nu }){\displaystyle \frac{3\alpha _{em}^2}{4\pi ^2\mathrm{sin}^4\theta _W}}{\displaystyle \frac{V_{ts}^2}{V_{cb}^2}}{\displaystyle \frac{X(x_t)^2}{f(z)}}{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\eta }}{\kappa (z)}}`$ (8)   
where $`\overline{\eta }=\kappa (0)`$, $`f(z)`$ and $`\kappa (z)`$ with $`z=m_c/m_b=0.29`$ are the phase-space and quantum chromodynamics(QCD) correction factors for the decay $`BX_ce\overline{\nu }`$,

$`f(z)`$ $`=`$ $`18z^2+8z^6z^824z^4\mathrm{ln}(z),`$ (9)   
$`\kappa (z)`$ $`=`$ $`1{\displaystyle \frac{2\alpha _s(m_b)}{3\pi }}\left[(\pi ^2{\displaystyle \frac{31}{4}})(1z)^2+{\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}}\right]`$ (10)   
where $`\alpha _s(m_b)`$ is the QCD coupling constant at the energy scale $`\mu =m_b`$.

Within the SM, using the Standard input parameters and setting $`B(BX_ce\overline{\nu })=10.4\%`$ and $`V_{ts}/V_{cb}^2=0.95`$, one finds $`B(BX_s\nu \overline{\nu })=3.52\times 10^5`$ and $`B(BX_d\nu \overline{\nu })=2.03\times 10^6`$. When the new contributions due to $`\pi _1`$ and $`\pi _8`$ are included, one has $`B(BX_s\nu \overline{\nu })=1.57\times 10^3`$ for the typical values of $`F_Q=40GeV`$, $`m_{p1}=200GeV`$ and $`m_{p8}=300GeV`$, that is two-orders of magnitude higher than the value of the SM prediction. The color-octet $`\pi _8`$ dominates the total contribution.

In Fig.2 the dot-dash (solid, dots) curve shows the branching ratio when the new contributions from $`\pi _1`$ and $`\pi _8`$ are taken into account for $`F_Q=40GeV`$ and $`m_{p1}=100GeV`$ ($`200GeV`$, $`400GeV`$). The horizontal short-dash line shows the ALEPH bound on the branching ratio $`B(BX_s\nu \overline{\nu })`$ : $`B(BX_s\nu \overline{\nu })<7.7\times 10^4`$, which is a factor of 20 above the SM expectation but sensitive enough to put stringent limits on technipion masses. Assuming $`F_Q=40GeV`$, one has $`m_{p8}>620GeV`$ for $`m_{p1}=100GeV`$, $`530GeV<m_{p8}<890GeV`$ for $`m_{p1}=200GeV`$ and $`475GeV<m_{p8}<740GeV`$ for $`m_{p1}=400GeV`$. For smaller $`F_Q`$, the constraints will become much stronger.

In the case of the decay $`BX_d\nu \overline{\nu }`$ one has to replace $`V_{ts}`$ in eq.(8) by $`V_{td}`$, which results in a decrease of the branching ratio by roughly an order of magnitude. But unfortunately, no experimental bound on the decay $`BX_d\nu \overline{\nu }`$ is available currently.

Within the SM, using the effective Hamiltonian as given in ref. one finds

$`B(B_sł^+l^{})={\displaystyle \frac{\tau (B_s)G_F^2}{\pi }}({\displaystyle \frac{\alpha _{em}}{4\pi \mathrm{sin}^2\theta _W}})^2F_{B_s}^2m_l^2m_{B_s}\sqrt{1{\displaystyle \frac{4m_l^2}{m_{B_s}^2}}}V_{tb}^{}V_{ts}^2Y(x_t)^2`$ (11)   
with s replaced by d in the case of $`B_dl^+l^{}`$.

In the numerical calculations, we use the standard input parameters and assume that $`F_Q=40GeV`$, $`m_{p1}=200GeV`$, $`200GeVm_{p8}800GeV`$, and set $`V_{tb}^{}V_{ts}^2=0.0021`$ and $`V_{tb}^{}V_{td}^2=1.3\times 10^4`$. The numerical results with the inclusion of new contributions from the technipions $`\pi _1`$ and $`\pi _8`$ are listed in Table 1.

For the decays $`B_sl^+l^{}`$, the available experimental bound is $`B(B_s\mu ^+\mu ^{})2.0\times 10^6`$, which leads to the lower bounds on $`m_{p8}`$: $`m_{p8}>320GeV`$ for $`F_Q=40GeV`$ and $`m_{p1}=200GeV`$. But this bound is much weaker than that from the ALEPH data of $`BX_s\nu \overline{\nu }`$. For the decays $`B_dl^+l^{}`$, the available experimental bound is $`B(B_d\mu ^+\mu ^{})6.8\times 10^7`$ , which is still not sensitive enough to put any limits on $`m_{p1}`$ and $`m_{p8}`$.

In summary, the ALEPH data of $`BX_s\nu \overline{\nu }`$ lead to strong limits on the charged technipion masses $`m_{p1}`$ and $`m_{p8}`$. The assumed mass ranges of $`\pi _1`$ and $`\pi _8`$ in the MWTCM  are excluded and therefore the model itself is strongly disfavored by ALEPH data. Other relevant studies also led to the similar conclusions. The major problem of the MWTCM is that the heavy top quark mass is assumed to be generated by extended technicolor interaction, which is clearly unreasonable.

Figure Captions

New $`Z^0`$penguin diagrams contributing to the induced $`b\overline{s}Z`$ vertex from the internal exchanges of the technipion $`\pi _1`$ and $`\pi _8`$. The dashed lines are $`\pi _1`$ and $`\pi _8`$ lines and $`u_j`$ stands for the quarks $`(u,c,t)`$.

The $`m_{p8}`$ dependence of the branching ratio $`B(BX_s\nu \overline{\nu })`$ when the new contributions are included. The horizontal short-dash line shows the ALEPH upper bound, while the dot-dash (solid, dots) curve shows the branching ratio for $`m_{p1}=100GeV`$ ($`200GeV`$, $`400GeV`$).