# Comment on “Majoron emitting neutrinoless double beta decay in the electroweak chiral gauge extensions”

## Abstract

We point out that if the majoron-like scheme is implemented within a 331 model, there must exist at least three different mass scales for the scalar vacuum expectation values in the model.

preprint:   IFT-P.020/99 February 1999   

In a recent paper by Pisano and Sharma  the majoron scheme was implemented in a 331 model . In that paper two different scales of vacuum expectation values (VEV) in the scalar sector have been considered: one related with the electroweak symmetry breaking and the other one with the $`SU(3)`$ breaking. Here we show that the model is consistent with the experimental value of the $`\rho `$ parameter only if three mass scales are introduced.

It is a well known fact that Higgs triplets under the standard $`SU(2)_LU(1)_Y`$ gauge group have to have vacuum expectation values which are smaller than the electroweak scale in order to not spoil the agreement between the theoretical and the experimental value of the electroweak $`\rho `$ parameter ($`\rho =M_Z/M_Wc_W`$. This is due to the fact that triplets and doublets give different contributions to the $`W^\pm `$ and $`Z`$-boson masses. This result does not depend on the hypercharge of the Higgs triplet. For instance, a Higgs doublet and a Higgs triplet with $`Y=2`$ with spontaneous (Majoron Model ) or explicit (non-Majoron Model ) lepton number violation give:

$$M_W^2=\frac{g^2}{4}(v_D^2+2v_T^2),M_Z^2=\frac{g^2}{4c_W^2}\left(v_D^2+4v_T^2\right)$$
(1)   
where $`v_D`$ and $`v_T`$ denote the VEVs of the doublet and the triplet, respectively. Notice that the condition $`v_D=v_T`$ violates the $`\rho =1`$ condition. We can not even use $`v_D^2+2v_T^2=(\text{246 GeV})^2`$. The only way to avoid this problem is that $`v_T5.5`$ GeV (if $`v_D=246`$ GeV) using the present experimental value for the $`\rho `$-parameter (see below). Thus, we see that these sort of models have two different mass scales: $`v_T`$ and $`v_D`$.

Next, let us consider a similar situation in the context of the 331 model . In that model in order to give mass to all the fermions it is necessary to introduce three Higgs triplets and a Higgs sextet. Two of the triplets and the sextet have the neutral component in a doublet of the subgroup $`SU(2)`$; we denote the respective VEVs by $`v_\eta ,v_\rho `$ and $`v_{DS}`$. The other triplet has its neutral component transforming as a singlet under $`SU(2)`$ and the sextet has another neutral field transforming as a triplet under $`SU(2)`$. Let us denote their respective VEVs by $`v_\chi `$ (the VEV which is in control of the $`SU(3)`$ breaking) and $`v_{TS}`$. The $`W^\pm `$ and $`Z`$-boson masses, neglecting terms of the order $`v_iv_j/v_\chi ^2`$ ($`i,j=\eta ,\rho ,DS,DT`$), are given by:

$$M_W^2\frac{g^2}{4}(v_\eta ^2+v_\rho ^2+2v_{DS}^2+4v_{TS}^2),$$
(2)   
and

$$M_Z^2\frac{g^2}{4c_W^2}\left(v_\eta ^2+v_\rho ^2+2v_{DS}^2+8v_{TS}^2\right),$$
(3)   
respectively.

We see from Eqs.(2) and (3) that as in the case of the $`SU(2)_LU(1)_Y`$ model given in Eq. (1), the triplet $`v_{TS}`$ contributes in a different way to the $`W^\pm `$ and $`Z`$-boson masses. We can estimate the order of magnitude of $`v_{TS}`$ by assuming that $`v_\eta v_\rho v_{DS}\stackrel{~}{v}`$ and using the experimental value of the $`\rho `$-parameter: $`\rho =0.9998\pm 0.0008`$ . From Eqs. (2) and (3) we have

$$\rho =\frac{1+r}{1+2r},\sqrt{r}=\frac{v_{TS}}{\stackrel{~}{v}},$$
(4)   
which implies the upper limit for $`r0.001`$ or $`v_{TS}3.89`$ GeV for $`\stackrel{~}{v}^2=(246/2)^2\mathrm{GeV}^2`$. If we make $`v_{TS}=v_\eta =v_\rho =v_{DS}`$ as it has been done in Ref.  we violate the $`\rho =1`$ condition (it gives $`\rho =2/3`$). In conclusion, the model must have at least three different mass scales in the scalar vacuum expectation values: $`v_{TS},\stackrel{~}{v}`$ and $`v_\chi `$.

###### Acknowledgements.

This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Conselho Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (CNPq) and by Programa de Apoio a Núcleos de Excelência (PRONEX). One of us (CP) would like to thank Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for financial support.