# On the nature of the GRB-SGRs blazing jet

## 1 Introduction

Gamma Ray Bursts as recent GRB990123 and GRB990510 emit, for isotropic explosions, energies as large as two solar masses annihilation. These energies are underestimated because of the neglected role of comparable ejected MeV (Comptel signal) neutrinos bursts. These extreme power cannot be explained with any standard spherically symmetric Fireball model. A too heavy black hole or Star would be unable to coexist with the shortest millisecond time structure of Gamma ray Burst. Beaming of the gamma radiation may overcome the energy puzzle. However any mild explosive beam $`(\mathrm{\Omega }>10^2)`$ would not solve the jet containment at the corresponding disruptive energies. Only extreme beaming $`(\mathrm{\Omega }<10^8)`$, by a slow decaying, but long-lived precessing jet, it may coexist with characteristic Supernova energies, apparent GRBs output, the puzzling GRB980425 statistics as well as the GRB connection with older,nearer and weaker SGRs relics. GRBs were understood as isotropic Fireball and SGRs are still described by isotropic galactic explosions (Magnetars). However early and late Jet models (Fargion 1994-1998,Blackmann et all 1996) for GRBs are getting finally credit. Will be possible to accept a jet model for GRBs while keeping alive a mini fireball for SGRs? Indeed the strong SGR events (SGR1900+14, SGR1642-21) shared the same hard spectra of classical GRBs. One should notice the GRB-SGR similar spectra, morphology and temporal evolution within GCN/BATSE trigger 7172 GRB981022 and 7171 GRB981022. Nature would be perverse to mimic two very comparable events at same detector, same day, by same energy spectra and comparable time structures by two totally different processes: a magnetar versus Jet GRBs. We argue here that, apart of the energetics, both of them are blazing of powerful jets (NS or BH); the jet are spinning and precessing source in either binary or in accreting disk systems. The optical transient OT of GRB might be the coeval SN-like explosive birth of the jet related to its maximal intensity; the OT is absent in older relic Gamma jets, the SGRs. Their explosive memory is left around their relic nebula or plerion injected by the Gamma Jet which is running away. The late GRB OT,days after the burst, is related to the explosion intensity; it is enhanced only by a partial beaming $`(\mathrm{\Omega }10^2)`$. The extreme peak OT during GRB990123 (at a million time a Supernova luminosity) is the beamed $`(\mathrm{\Omega }10^5)`$ Inverse Compton optical tail, responsible of the same extreme gamma (MeV) extreme beamed $`(\mathrm{\Omega }10^8)`$ signal. The huge energy bath (for a fireball model) on GRB990123 imply a corresponding neutrino burst. As in hot universe, if entropy conservation holds, the energy density factor to be added to the photon $`\gamma `$ GRB990123 budget is at least $`((21/8)\times (4/11)^{4/3})`$. If entropy conservation do not hold the energy needed is at least a factor $`[21/8]`$ larger than the gamma one. The consequent total energy-mass needed for the two cases are respectively 3.5 and 7.2 solar masses. No fireball by NS may coexist with it. Jet could. Finally Fireballs are unable to explain the key questions related to the association GRB980425 and SN1998bw (Galama et all1998): (1) Why nearest “local” GRB980425 in ESO 184-G82 galaxy at redshift $`z_2=0.0083`$ and the farest “cosmic” GRB971214 (Kulkarni et al. 1998) at redshift $`z_2=3.42`$ exhibit a huge average and peak intrinsic luminosity ratio? $`\frac{<L_{1\gamma }>}{<L_{2\gamma }>}\frac{<l_{1\gamma }>}{<l_{2\gamma }>}\frac{z_1^2}{z_2^2}210^5;\frac{L_{1\gamma }}{L_{2\gamma }}|_{peak}10^7`$. Fluence ratios $`E_1/E_2`$ are also extreme $`410^5`$.   
(2) Why GRB980425 nearest event spectrum is softer than cosmic GRB971214 while Hubble expansion would imply the opposite by a redshift factor $`(1+z_1)4.43`$?(3) Why, GRB980425 time structure is slower and smoother than cosmic one,against Hubble law? (4) Why we observed so many (even just one) nearby GRBs? Their probability to occur, with respect to a cosmic redshift $`z_13.42`$ must be suppressed by a severe volume factor $`\frac{P_1}{P_2}\frac{z_1^3}{z_2^3}710^7`$. New GRB fireballs classes are ad hoc and fine-tuned solutions. We proposed since 1993 (Fargion 1994) that spectral and time evolution of GRB are made up blazing beam gamma jet GJ. The GJ is born by ICS of ultrarelativistic (tens GeV) electrons (pairs) on source IR, or diffused companion IR, BBR photons (Fargion,Salis 1995-98).The target thermal photons number density may reach a few hundreds to billions $`cm^3`$. The thin beamed electron pair jet produce a coaxial gamma jet. It solves the GRBs energetic by the geometrical enhancement . Relativistic kinematic would imply $`\theta \frac{1}{\gamma _e}`$, where $`\gamma _e`$ is found to reach $`\gamma _e10^3÷10^4`$ (Fargion 1994,1998). Unique impulsive GRB jet burst (Wang & Wheeler 1998) increases the apparent luminosity by $`\frac{4\pi }{\theta ^2}10^7÷10^9`$ but face a severe obvious probability puzzle.In particular we considered (Fargion 1998) an unique scenario where primordial GRB jets decaying in hundred and thousand years become the observable nearby SGRs. The ICS on BBR leads to GRBs spectrum (Fargion,Salis 1995,1996,1998): $`\frac{dN_1}{dt_1dϵ_1d\mathrm{\Omega }_1}`$ is

$$ϵ_1\mathrm{ln}\left[\frac{1\mathrm{exp}\left(\frac{ϵ_1(1\beta \mathrm{cos}\theta _1)}{k_BT(1\beta )}\right)}{1\mathrm{exp}\left(\frac{ϵ_1(1\beta \mathrm{cos}\theta _1)}{k_BT(1+\beta )}\right)}\right]\left[1+\left(\frac{\mathrm{cos}\theta _1\beta }{1\beta \mathrm{cos}\theta _1}\right)^2\right]$$
(1)   
scaled by a proportional factor $`A_1`$ related to the electron jet intensity. The adimensional photon number rate as a function of the observational angle $`\theta _1`$ responsible for peak luminosity becomes $`\theta ^3`$ . The consequent total fluence at minimal impact angle $`\theta _{1m}`$ responsible for the average luminosity is $`(\theta _{1m})^2`$. Assuming a beam jet intensity $`I_1`$ comparable with maximal SN luminosity, $`I_110^{45}ergs^1`$, and replacing this value in adimensional $`A_1`$ in equation 1 we find a maximal apparent GRB power for beaming angles $`10^3÷3\times 10^5`$, $`P4\pi I_1\theta ^210^{52}÷10^{55}ergs^1`$ within observed ones. We also assume a power law jet time decay as follows $`I_{jet}=I_1\left(\frac{t}{t_0}\right)^\alpha 10^{45}\left(\frac{t}{310^4s}\right)^1ergs^1`$ where ($`\alpha 1`$) able to reach, at 1000 years time scales, the present known galactic microjet (as SS433) intensities powers: $`I_{jet}10^{38}ergs^1`$. We used the model to evaluate if April precessing jet might hit us once again.

## 2 GRBs 980425-980712 and SGRs-GRBs links

Therefore the jet model answers to the puzzles (1-4): the GRB980425 has been observed off-axis by a cone angle wider than $`\frac{1}{\gamma }`$ thin jet by a factor $`a_2500`$ (Fargion 1998),i.e few degree wide; we observed only the peripheral cone jet whose spectrum is softer and whose time structure is slower (larger impact parameter angle) and intensity strongly reduced. A simple statistics favored a repeater hit. GRB980712 trigger 6917 was within $`1.6\sigma `$ angle away from April event. Trigger 6918, repeated making the combined probability to occur quite rare ($`10^3`$). Because the July event has been sharper in times ($`4s`$) than the April one ($`20s`$), the July impact angle was smaller:$`a_3100`$. This value is compatible with the expected peak-average luminosity flux evolution : $`\frac{L_{04\gamma }}{L_{07\gamma }}\frac{I_2\theta _2^3}{I_3\theta _3^3}\left(\frac{t_3}{t_2}\right)^\alpha \left(\frac{a_2}{a_3}\right)^{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}3}}3.5`$ where $`t_378day`$ while $`t_2210^5s`$. The predicted fluence are comparable with the observed ones $`\frac{N_{04}}{N_{07}}\frac{<L_{04\gamma }>}{<L_{07\gamma }>}\frac{\mathrm{\Delta }\tau _{04}}{\mathrm{\Delta }\tau _{07}}\left(\frac{t_3}{t_2}\right)^\alpha \left(\frac{a_2}{a_3}\right)^2\frac{\mathrm{\Delta }\tau _{04}}{\mathrm{\Delta }\tau _{07}}3`$. Last year 1998 SGR1900+14 and SGR1627-41 events did exhibit at peak intensities spectra comparable with classical hard GRBs. We proposed their nature as the late stages of jets fueled by a disk or a companion (WD,NS) star. Their binary angular velocity $`\omega _b`$ reflects the beam evolution $`\theta _1(t)=\sqrt{\theta _{1m}^2+(\omega _bt)^2}`$ or more generally a multiprecessing angle $`\theta _1(t)`$ (Fargion & Salis 1996) which keeps memory of the pulsar jet spin ($`\omega _{psr}`$), precession by the binary $`\omega _b`$ and additional nutation due to inertial momentum anisotropies or beam-accretion disk torques ($`\omega _N`$). The complicated spinning and precessing jet blazing is responsible for the wide morphology of GRBs and SGRs as well as their internal periodicity. The different geometrical observational angle might compensate the April 1998 low peak gamma luminosity ($`10^7`$) by a larger impact angle which compensates, at the same time, its statistical rarity ($`10^7`$) its puzzling softer nature and longer timescales. Such precessing jets may explain (Fargion & Salis 1995) the external twin rings around SN1987A. We predicted its relic jet to be found in the South-East due to off-axis beaming acceleration. Jets may propel and inflate plerions as the observed ones near SRG1647-21 and SRG1806-20. Optical nebula NGC6543 (“Cat Eye”) and its thin jets fingers (as Eta Carina ones), the double cones sections in Egg Nebula CRL2688 are the most detailed and spectacular lateral view of such jets. Their blazing in-axis would appear as SGRs or, at maximal power at their SN birth, as GRBs.