# 1 Introduction

## 1 Introduction

Dilatonic Cosmological models have been recently investigated in great detail in Cosmology  and Supergravity .Earlier the role of spin-torsion as a source of repulsive gravity have been investigated in detail by Gasperini  and Cosimo Stornaiolo in his PhD.thesis .More recently we have investigate the role of torsion on inflating defects .Also recently Maroto and Shapiro have investigated a cosmological model of de Sitter type with dilatons and torsion in Higher-order gravity .In this letter we solve the Einstein-Cartan dilaton cosmology equations of gravity for the case of a de Sitter model where the equation of state given a priori.The first is a massless dilatonic case.The three others deal with massive dilatons in three distinct cases.The first and second is the radiation era case for torsion kinks and massive potential.The last one handles with the dust of spinning particles with Cartan torsion .The temperature fluctuation is computed by using the nearly flat spectrum produced during inflation by gravitational waves and the solution obtained in our radiation era model that shows that the dilaton mass equals the Hubble constant.The resul is compared with COBE data.The spin-torsion fluctuation is also computed in a similar way.

## 2 Spin-torsion effects in Dilatonic Inflationary Cosmology

Let us now consider the cosmological metric for the spatially flat section to be given by

$$ds^2=dt^2a^2(dx^2+dy^2+dz^2)$$
(1)   
The Einstein-Cartan equations are given by 

$$H^2=\frac{8\pi G}{3}(\rho _{eff}2\pi G\sigma ^2)$$
(2)   
and

$$\dot{H}+H^2=\frac{4\pi G}{3}(\rho _{eff}+3p_{eff}8\pi G\sigma ^2)$$
(3)   
These two equations combined produced the following conservation equation

$$(\dot{\rho _{eff}}2\pi G(\dot{\sigma ^2}))+3H(\rho _{eff}+p_{eff}4\pi G\sigma ^2)=0$$
(4)   
here $`H=\frac{\dot{a}}{a}`$ ,and $`\sigma ^2=<S_{ijk}S^{ijk}>`$ where $`S_{ijk}`$,and $`(i,j=0,1,2,3)`$,represents the spin tensor and the spins are considered ramdomly oriented since at the very early Universe due to the very high temperatures and broken symmetries is not possible to have polarized matter and $`\rho _{eff}`$,and $`p_{eff}`$ are given respectively by

$$\rho _{eff}=\dot{\varphi }^2+V(\varphi )$$
(5)   
and

$$p_{eff}=\dot{\varphi }^2V(\varphi )$$
(6)   
we notice that by imposing the ”stiff” matter equation of state $`p_{eff}=\rho _{eff}`$ where $`\varphi `$ is the dilaton potential and $`V`$ is the dilaton energy potential,implies that $`V(\varphi )`$ vanishes, which represents massless dilatons.Now let us equate equations (3) and (4),this yields

$$\dot{\varphi }^2=\pi G\sigma ^2$$
(7)   
Use of the conservation equation yields

$$\dot{\varphi }^2=2\pi G\sigma ^2+e^{6Ht}$$
(8)   
Comparison of these two last equations yields an expression for the spin-torsion density in terms of time

$$\sigma ^2=\frac{1}{\pi G}e^{6Ht}$$
(9)   
Substitution of (9) into the expression for the Hawking-Penrose convergence condition

$$R_{ik}u^iu^k=3(H^2)=16\pi G(\dot{\varphi }^22\pi G\sigma ^2)=16\pi G\sigma ^2<0$$
(10)   
shows that it is violated and a repulsive gravity is obtained.Cosmological perturbation densities can then be computed and the spin-torsion density determined.The computation without dilatons have been recently addressed by D.Palle .In the next section we perform these computations for the cases of radiation and hadron eras.

## 3 De Sitter Inflation in the Radiation Era and spin-torsion density primordial fluctuations

In this section we shall consider the equation of state for the radiation era $`p_{eff}=\frac{1}{3}\rho _{eff}`$.This condition yields

$$\dot{\varphi }^2+2V(\varphi )=0$$
(11)   
This equation is interesting because can be solved for different potentials like torsion kinks and for the mass potential $`V(\varphi )=\frac{m^2}{2}\varphi ^2`$ for the massive dilaton.By substituting this last expression into equation (11) yields the following dilaton field equation

$$\dot{\varphi }=m\varphi $$
(12)   
where we choose the minus sign for later convenience.The dilaton solution is

$$\varphi (t)=ae^{mt}$$
(13)   
Nevertheless equation (11) should be matched with the well known dilaton equation

$$\ddot{\varphi }+3H\dot{\varphi }=\frac{V(\varphi )}{\varphi }$$
(14)   
which solution is

$$\varphi =e^{\frac{3H}{2}t}$$
(15)   
The spin-torsion density does not appear in this equation since it does not interact with the dilaton field.With this matching we obtain $`m=\frac{3H}{2}`$ and the constant $`a=1`$.Therefore dilaton mass can be expressed in terms of the Hubble constant. Equating equations (2) and (3) yields

$$2(\rho _{eff}2\pi G\sigma ^2)=(\rho _{eff}+3p_{eff}8\pi G\sigma ^2)$$
(16)   
and substitution of the radiation equation of state into equation (14) yields

$$\rho _{eff}=3\pi G\sigma ^2$$
(17)   
Substitution of (15) into equation (4) yields

$$\dot{\sigma ^2}+8H\sigma ^2=0$$
(18)   
which yields

$$\sigma ^2=e^{8Ht}$$
(19)   
and $`\rho _{eff}=3V(\varphi )`$.From (15) yields

$$V(\varphi )=\pi G\sigma $$
(20)   
From expression (18) and (19) we note that the dilaton vanishes at recent epochs of the Universe as well as the spin-torsion density and no spin-torsion dominated inflation over the dilatonic inflation exists.Also this fact is also in agreement with the dificulty in observing torsion effects on cosmology from the classical point of view. Similar aspects were discussed recently by Maroto and Shapiro . Note that the dust case is very similar since equation (11) is the same except that the factor of two in front of the potential should be dropped.Let us now examine that radiation era for a torsion kink potential $`V(\varphi )=\alpha \varphi ^4`$.In this case equation (11) changes to $`\dot{\varphi }^2+\alpha \varphi ^4=0`$ which has a simple solution $`\varphi =(\alpha ^{\frac{1}{2}}t)^1`$.We would like to mention that also in the radiation era the repulsive gravity is in effect since the violation of the geodesic convergence condition is maintained in this case.From the COBE data we know that $`\frac{\delta T}{T}=10^5`$.The spectrum of gravitational waves with a temperature fluctuation of the order $`\frac{\delta T}{T}=\frac{H}{m_{Pl}}`$ and in our model there is a relation between the dilatonic mass and the Hubble constant thus $`H=\frac{2}{3}m=10^4m_{Pl}`$ the temperature fluctuation yields the value $`\frac{\delta T}{T}=10^4`$ which agrees with the value observed by COBE.From formula (19) and the density of temperature based on the gravitational wave spectrum one must infer that $`H=\frac{ln\sigma ^2}{8t}`$.Substitution of this value into the gravitational wave spectrum density we obtain $`\frac{\delta T}{T}=\frac{ln\sigma ^2}{8m_{Pl}t}=10^5`$ by the COBE data ,this in turn implies that $`\sigma ^2=e^{8.10^{5t}}`$.At the inflation era $`(t=10^{35s})`$ the value of the spin-torsion density becomes $`\sigma ^2=e^{10^{45}s}`$.This is an extremely big value if we think that today’s Universe possess a spin-torsion density of $`e^{10^{15billionyears}}`$!.

## Acknowledgements

I am very much indebt to Prof.M.Gasperini,Prof.Shapiro,Prof.R.Ramos and Prof.H.P. de Oliveira for helpful discussions on the subject of this paper. Financial support from CNPq. and UERJ (FAPERJ) is gratefully acknowledged.