# Probability and Dirac Equation

## Abstract

The Dirac equation is deduced from the probability properties by the Poincare group transformations.

I’m use notation:

$$\stackrel{}{x}=(x,y,z)\text{,}$$

$$\beta _x=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}0& 1& 0& 0\\ 1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\end{array}\right]\text{}\beta _y=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}0& i& 0& 0\\ i& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& i\\ 0& 0& i& 0\end{array}\right]\text{,}$$

$$\beta _z=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right]\text{.}$$

$$\gamma ^0=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\\ 1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0\end{array}\right]\text{ and }\beta ^4=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}0& 0& i& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& i\\ i& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& i& 0& 0\end{array}\right]\text{.}$$

For every trackelike  probability density $`3+1`$-vector

$$\rho (t,\stackrel{}{x}),j_x(t,\stackrel{}{x}),j_y(t,\stackrel{}{x}),j_z(t,\stackrel{}{x})$$

the 4-components complex vector function (4-spinor) $`\mathrm{\Psi }(t,\stackrel{}{x})`$ exists, for which:

$$\begin{array}{c}\rho =\mathrm{\Psi }^{}\mathrm{\Psi }\text{,}\\ j_x=\mathrm{\Psi }^{}\beta _x\mathrm{\Psi }\text{}j_y=\mathrm{\Psi }^{}\beta _y\mathrm{\Psi }\text{}j_z=\mathrm{\Psi }^{}\beta _z\mathrm{\Psi }\text{,}\end{array}$$
(1)   
The operator $`\widehat{U}\left(\mathrm{}t\right)`$, which acts in the set of these spinors, is denoted as the evolution operator for the spinor $`\mathrm{\Psi }(t,\stackrel{}{x})`$, if:

$$\mathrm{\Psi }(t+\mathrm{}t,\stackrel{}{x})=\widehat{U}\left(\mathrm{}t\right)\mathrm{\Psi }(t,\stackrel{}{x})\text{.}$$

$`\widehat{U}\left(\mathrm{}t\right)`$ is a linear operator.

The set of the spinors, for which $`\widehat{U}\left(\mathrm{}t\right)`$ is the evolution operator, is denoted as the operator $`\widehat{U}\left(\mathrm{}t\right)`$ space.

The operator space is the linear space.

Let for an infinitesimal $`\mathrm{}t`$:

$$\widehat{U}\left(\mathrm{}t\right)=1+\mathrm{}ti\widehat{H}\text{.}$$

Hence for an elements of the operator $`\widehat{U}\left(\mathrm{}t\right)`$ space:

$$i\widehat{H}=_t\text{.}$$

Since the functions $`\rho `$, $`j_x`$, $`j_y`$, $`j_z`$ fulfill to the continuity equation:

$$_t\rho +_xj_x+_yj_y+_zj_z=0$$

then:

$$\left(\left(_t\mathrm{\Psi }^{}\right)+\left(_x\mathrm{\Psi }^{}\right)\beta _x+\left(_y\mathrm{\Psi }^{}\right)\beta _y+\left(_z\mathrm{\Psi }^{}\right)\beta _z\right)\mathrm{\Psi }=$$

$$=\mathrm{\Psi }^{}\left(\left(_t+\beta _x_x+\beta _y_y+\beta _z_z\right)\mathrm{\Psi }\right)\text{.}$$

Let:

$$\widehat{Q}=\left(i\widehat{H}+\beta _x_x+\beta _y_y+\beta _z_z\right)\text{.}$$

Hence:

$$\mathrm{\Psi }^{}\widehat{Q}^{}\mathrm{\Psi }=\mathrm{\Psi }^{}\widehat{Q}\mathrm{\Psi }\text{.}$$

Therefore $`i\widehat{Q}`$ is the Hermitean operator.

Hence $`\widehat{H}`$ is the Hermitean operator, too. And $`\widehat{U}\left(\mathrm{}t\right)`$ is the unitary operator for the scalar product of the following type:

$$(\mathrm{\Phi },\mathrm{\Psi })=𝑑\stackrel{}{x}\mathrm{\Phi }^{}\mathrm{\Psi }\text{.}$$

Therefore:

$$\widehat{H}=\beta _x\left(i_x\right)+\beta _y\left(i_y\right)+\beta _z\left(i_z\right)i\widehat{Q}\text{.}$$

The unitary operator $`\widehat{U}\left(\mathrm{}t\right)`$ is denoted as the natural evolution operator if the operator $`\widehat{U}\left(\mathrm{}t\right)`$ space is invariant for the complete Poincare group transformations.

For every natural evolution operator the real number $`m`$ exists for which all elements $`\mathrm{\Psi }`$ of this operator space obey to the Klein-Gordon equation:

$$\frac{^2\mathrm{\Psi }}{t^2}\frac{^2\mathrm{\Psi }}{x^2}\frac{^2\mathrm{\Psi }}{y^2}\frac{^2\mathrm{\Psi }}{z^2}=m^2\mathrm{\Psi }\text{.}$$

Therefore in this case:

$$\begin{array}{c}\widehat{Q}\widehat{Q}=m^2\text{,}\\ \widehat{Q}\beta _x=\beta _x\widehat{Q}\text{,}\\ \widehat{Q}\beta _y=\beta _y\widehat{Q}\text{,}\\ \widehat{Q}\beta _z=\beta _z\widehat{Q}\text{.}\end{array}$$

If

$$i\widehat{Q}=m\gamma $$

then some real number $`\alpha `$ exists for which:

$$\gamma =\mathrm{cos}\left(\alpha \right)\gamma ^0+\mathrm{sin}\left(\alpha \right)\beta ^4$$

and

$$\widehat{H}=\beta _x\left(i_x\right)+\beta _y\left(i_y\right)+\beta _z\left(i_z\right)+m\gamma \text{.}$$

The probability is denoted as the elementary free lepton probability if for this probability density vector the spinor $`\mathrm{\Psi }`$ exists which is element of some natural evolution operator space and which obeys to (1).

Therefore the physics elementary particle behavior in the vacuum looks like to the trackelike probability behavior. That is if the partition with two slits between the source of the physics particle and the detecting screen exists in the vacuum then the interference of the probability is observed. But if this system shall be placed in the Wilson cloud chamber then the particle shall got the clear trace, marked by the condensate drops, and whole interference shall vanished. It looks like to the following: the physics particle exists in the moment, only, in which some event on this particle is happening. And in other times this particle does not exist and the probability of some event on this particle exists, only.

Hence, if events on this particle do not happen between the event-birth and the event-detection then the particle behavior is the probability behavior between these events, and the interference is visible. But in the Wilson cloud chamber, where the ionization acts are form the almost continuous line, the particle has got the clear trace and no the interference. And the particle moves because such line is not absolutely continuous. Every point of the ionization act has got the neighboring ionization point, and the event on this particle is not happen between these points. Therefore, the physics particle moves because the corresponding probability is propagated in the space between these points.