# Efficient microwave-induced optical frequency conversion

## I Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to Prof. L. Windholz for his continuous interest to this work and useful discussions. D.V. Kosachiov thanks the members of the Institut für Experimentalphysik, TU Graz, for hospitality and support. This study was supported by the Austrian Science Foundation under project No. P 12894-PHY.

Figure captions

Fig. 1. $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ system with two metastable states $`|1`$ and $`|2`$. $`\omega _{31}`$ and $`\omega _{32}`$ are the optical frequencies, $`\omega _m`$ is the microwave frequency.

Fig. 2. Spatial variations of: (a) optical field intensities $`I_{31}`$ (solid curve) and $`I_{32}`$ (dashed curve) in units of input intensity $`I_0I_{31}\left(\zeta =0\right)`$, (b) the relative phase $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$, in a vapor of <sup>23</sup>Na atoms interacting with radiation in a $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ configuration of levels $`3^2S_{1/2}(F=1)3^2S_{1/2}(F=2)`$ $`\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}3}^2P_{1/2}`$. Vapor temperature $`T=440`$ $`K`$, $`\mathrm{\Gamma }=10^4\gamma `$, detunings $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{31}=\mathrm{\Delta }_{32}=0`$, Rabi frequencies of input fields $`g_{31}\left(\zeta =0\right)=2.0,g_m=0.02`$.

Fig. 3. Generation of the $`E_2`$ wave (in units of input intensity $`I_0I_{31}\left(\zeta =0\right)`$) as a function of the microwave frequency $`\omega _m`$ (in units of the excited state relaxation rate $`\gamma `$). Other parameters are the same as in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4. Dependence of the generated intensity $`I_{32}/I_0`$ on detuning $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{31}`$ (in units of the excited state relaxation rate $`\gamma `$) for fixed $`\omega _m=\left(_2_1\right)/\mathrm{}`$, at the optical length $`\zeta =340`$. Other parameters are the same as in Fig. 2.

Fig. 5. Dependence of the generated intensity $`I_{32}/I_0`$ on the Rabi frequency of microwave field $`g_m`$ at the optical length $`\zeta =340`$. Other parameters are the same as in Fig. 2. Inset shows the range of small $`g_m`$.