# Untitled Document

IFT-UAM/CSIC-98-14 MRI/PHY/P980961 hep-th/9810140 

Boundary Fluctuations of AdS String 

Sudipta Mukherji<sup>1</sup>, Sudhakar Panda<sup>2</sup>

<sup>1</sup>Instituto de Fisica Teórica

Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

e-mail: mukherji@delta.ft.uam.es

<sup>2</sup>Mehta Research Institute

of Mathematics and Mathematical Physics

Allahabad, 211 019, India

e-mail: panda@mri.ernet.in

We analyse the world-sheet perturbations of string theory formulated around $`AdS_3`$ background. We identify a set of operators that, while added to the world-sheet action, generate the boundary fluctuations of $`AdS_3`$. The effect of these operators can be collectively defined in terms of Liouville field living on the $`AdS_3`$ boundary. We then study various deformations of $`AdS_3`$ generated by boundary fluctuations by turning on suitable world-sheet couplings. We also discuss certain small fluctuations around the BTZ black hole.

10/98

In a three dimensional theory of gravity, the gravitational field contains no local degrees of freedom and therefore these theories are completely characterized by certain global set of data. In particular, for the case of $`AdS_3`$, the global information is encoded in the space-time diffeomorphisms which survive at the two dimensional boundary of $`AdS_3`$. It is, by now, well-known that such diffeomorphisms can be described by conformal field theory (CFT) living on the boundary \[1\]. Thus the asymptotic symmetry group of $`AdS_3`$ is generated by infinite dimensional Virasoro algebra describing the CFT. On the other hand, it has been argued in the past that the asymptotic dynamics of $`AdS_3`$ can also be described by a Liouville theory \[2,,3,,4\]. Consistency of these two approaches therefore suggests that, in a certain sense, the Liouville theory effectively describes the collective field excitations of the CFT at the boundary \[5\].

In a recent paper \[6\], it has been argued that for the Euclidean version of $`AdS_3`$, it is possible to write down a world-sheet string action. Quantization of this action would describe the string dynamics around the background $`AdS_3`$. One would thus expect to see a version of target space boundary CFT/Liouville theory connection from the world-sheet physics itself. One of the purpose of this note is to explore this issue from the world-sheet point of view. In particular, we will perturb the action with an operator which, in turn, generates the fluctuations of the target space boundary. The coupling constant (which, however, is a function of boundary coordinates) associated with the operator, needs to satisfy certain consistency conditions, namely the conformal invariance condition on the world-sheet. Preserving conformal invariance, we then discuss the emergence of a Liouville like field in the target space which effectively describes the boundary fluctuations. Moreover, this naturally allows us to construct various explicit deformations of $`AdS_3`$ by properly choosing the world-sheet coupling.

An important class of three dimensional geometry is described by the BTZ black hole \[7,,8,,9,,10\]. Though globally different, the local structure of such black holes are that of $`AdS_3`$. In particular, the zero mass BTZ black hole is described locally by the $`AdS_3`$ metric. In \[8,,11\], these properties were exploited in order to calculate the entropy of the BTZ black hole by explicitly counting the number of states. In this note, we will try to argue that certain boundary fluctuations for these singular geometries correspond to mass and angular momentum fluctuations provided the world-sheet coupling satisfies two differential equations with respect to the boundary coordinates. It turns out that these equations can be solved exactly in order to get the right behaviour of the world-sheet coupling.

Before we discuss these issues, we would like to point out that our analysis will be inherently perturbative. Thus our results are expected to be valid when the world-sheet coupling that corresponds to the perturbation is small.

The three dimensional gravity action

$$S_t=d^3x\sqrt{g}(R+\frac{2}{l^2})$$

has a classical solution which is $`AdS_3`$. The cosmological constant is $`\mathrm{\Lambda }=2`$ (here and in the rest of our discussion we set $`l=1`$). The subscript $`t`$ on $`S`$ denotes that it is the target space action. The Euclidean version of $`AdS_3`$ metric is given by \[6\]

$$ds^2=d\varphi ^2+e^{2\varphi }d\gamma d\overline{\gamma },$$

where

$$\begin{array}{cc}& \varphi =\mathrm{log}(X_1+X_3),\hfill \\ & \gamma =\frac{X_2+iX_1}{X_1+X_3},\hfill \\ & \overline{\gamma }=\frac{X_2iX_1}{X_1+X_3}\hfill \end{array}$$

with the constraint

$$X_1^2+X_3^2+X_1^2+X_2^2=1.$$

In the above, we have taken $`X_1>0`$ and $`X_1>|X_3|`$ so that the expression for $`\varphi `$ is well defined. In this parametrization, the boundary of $`AdS_3`$ corresponds to $`\varphi \mathrm{}`$ and the boundary is a two dimensional sphere parametrized by $`(\gamma ,\overline{\gamma })`$ .

The world sheet string action formulated in the background of the above metric and the NS two-form field $`B=e^{2\varphi }d\gamma d\overline{\gamma }`$ is given by \[6\]

$$S=𝑑z𝑑\overline{z}[\varphi \overline{}\varphi +e^{2\varphi }\overline{}\gamma \overline{\gamma }],$$

where the string length is also set to unity. Notice that in the limit $`\varphi \mathrm{}`$, the dominant contribution to the path integral comes from the second term in the above action which simply describes a two dimensional sphere. We note that the cosmological constant in (1) can be thought of coming from the kinetic term of the two-form field of string theory. In the sigma model language, this term corresponds to the contribution from the $`B_{\mu \nu }`$ term. Thus, the action in (1) is the sum of contributions from the target space metric $`G_{\mu \nu }`$ and the $`B_{\mu \nu }`$ field. For consistency of string theory, we also assume here that the action (1) is coupled to some internal conformal field theory in order to have total central charge 26. Except balancing the central charge, the internal CFT will not play much role in our following discussion.

The simplest way to study small fluctuations around $`AdS_3`$ would be to deform the action (1) by perturbing it with certain operators. We will argue below that one such interesting operator which captures the effect of small boundary fluctuations is $`f(\gamma ,\overline{\gamma })e^{2\varphi }\overline{}\gamma \overline{\gamma }`$. Here we have introduced $`f(\gamma ,\overline{\gamma })`$ which is a function of boundary coordinates. In order to describe a consistent string theory, which yields the target space action (1), the perturbed action needs to satisfy certain constraints. In other words, world sheet $`\beta `$-function vanishing conditions would give some restrictions on the function $`f(\gamma ,\overline{\gamma })`$. We will comment on this issue and its use in our analysis only towards the end of our discussion. At present, we use the freedom of field redifinition and gauge transformation to recast the perturbed action in form which is simpler for our purpose.

Thus, we start with the perturbed action of the form

$$S_p=𝑑z𝑑\overline{z}[\varphi \overline{}\varphi +e^{2\varphi }\overline{}\gamma \overline{\gamma }]+2𝑑z𝑑\overline{z}f(\gamma ,\overline{\gamma })e^{2\varphi }\overline{}\gamma \overline{\gamma }.$$

Clearly, the perturbation makes sense when the coupling parameter $`f(\gamma ,\overline{\gamma })`$ is small. So our analysis can only be taken seriously in the region where $`f`$ as a function of $`\gamma ,\overline{\gamma }`$ is small and slowly varying. The factor of 2 in the perturbing term is taken for convenience.

As mentioned above, it is convenient to make the following redefinition of fields :

$$\begin{array}{cc}& \stackrel{~}{\varphi }=\varphi +f(\gamma ,\overline{\gamma }),\hfill \\ & \stackrel{~}{\gamma }=\gamma +e^{2\stackrel{~}{\varphi }}\frac{f}{\overline{\gamma }}\hfill \\ & \overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}=\overline{\gamma }+e^{2\stackrel{~}{\varphi }}\frac{f}{\gamma }.\hfill \end{array}$$

With this change of variables, the action (1) reduces to the following form

$$S_p=𝑑z𝑑\overline{z}[F_{\stackrel{~}{\varphi }\stackrel{~}{\varphi }}\stackrel{~}{\varphi }\overline{}\stackrel{~}{\varphi }+F_{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}\stackrel{~}{\gamma }\overline{}\stackrel{~}{\gamma }+F_{\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}}\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}\overline{}\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}+F_{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}}\stackrel{~}{\gamma }\overline{}\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}+F_{\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}\overline{}\stackrel{~}{\gamma }+D_{\stackrel{~}{\varphi }\stackrel{~}{\gamma }\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}}],$$

where,

$$\begin{array}{cc}& F_{\stackrel{~}{\varphi }\stackrel{~}{\varphi }}=14e^{2\stackrel{~}{\varphi }}_{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}f_{\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}}f,\hfill \\ & F_{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}=_{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}f_{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}f_{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}_{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}f,\hfill \\ & F_{\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}}=_{\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}}f_{\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}}f_{\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}}_{\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}}f,\hfill \\ & F_{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}}=_{\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}}f_{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}f_{\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}}_{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}f,\hfill \\ & F_{\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}=e^{2\stackrel{~}{\varphi }}+_{\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}}f_{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}f_{\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}}_{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}f,\hfill \\ & D_{\stackrel{~}{\varphi }\stackrel{~}{\gamma }\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}}=_{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}f\stackrel{~}{\varphi }\overline{}\stackrel{~}{\gamma }+_{\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}}f\overline{}\stackrel{~}{\varphi }\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}\hfill \\ & _{\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}}f\stackrel{~}{\varphi }\overline{}\overline{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}_{\stackrel{~}{\gamma }}f\overline{}\stackrel{~}{\varphi }\stackrel{~}{\gamma }.\hfill \end{array}$$

In deriving the above expressions, we have neglected the subleading corrections in powers of $`e^{2\stackrel{~}{\varphi }}`$. In the following, we remove the tildes for notational simplicity.

We now choose the function $`f(\gamma ,\overline{\gamma })`$ such that its $`\gamma `$ and $`\overline{\gamma }`$ dependences decouple. Namely, we would consider $`f(\gamma ,\overline{\gamma })=g(\gamma )+h(\overline{\gamma })`$. Though at this stage, this choice looks ad-hoc, we will justify it at a later stage of the paper.

Equation (1) can be brought to a much simpler form by exploiting various gauge symmetries of the target space fields. First of all, we notice that $`D_{\varphi \gamma \overline{\gamma }}`$ can be removed away from the action by making gauge transformations of the antisymmetric field $`B_{\mu \nu }`$. Under gauge transformation, $`B_{\mu \nu }B_{\mu \nu }+_\mu \lambda _\nu _\nu \lambda _\mu `$ where $`\mu ,\nu `$ are the target space coordinates. It is easy to show that two such successive gauge transformations will precisely generate $`D_{\varphi \gamma \overline{\gamma }}`$. First we choose $`\lambda _\varphi =g(\gamma )`$ and $`\lambda _\gamma =\lambda _{\overline{\gamma }}=0`$ and the second with $`\lambda _\varphi =h(\overline{\gamma })`$ and $`\lambda _\gamma =\lambda _{\overline{\gamma }}=0`$. In other words, $`D_{\varphi \gamma \overline{\gamma }}`$ is a total derivative term since

$$D_{\varphi \gamma \overline{\gamma }}=\frac{1}{2}[_\alpha (ϵ^{\alpha \beta }g_\beta \varphi )_\alpha (ϵ^{\alpha \beta }h_\beta \varphi )].$$

Here, $`\alpha `$ and $`\beta `$ are world sheet coordinates. Thus we will not consider $`D_{\varphi \gamma \overline{\gamma }}`$ further.

In general, the freedom of adding total derivative terms on the world-sheet correspond to gauge transformations of the target space field. One such example has just been discussed above. We will use this freedom again to simplify (1) further. Let us first note that

$$\frac{1}{2}_\alpha (ϵ^{\alpha \beta }h_\gamma g_\beta \gamma )=_{\overline{\gamma }}h_\gamma g\overline{\gamma }\overline{}\gamma _{\overline{\gamma }}h_\gamma g\overline{}\overline{\gamma }\gamma .$$

If we add this total derivative term in the action (1), the only changes appear in the $`F_{\gamma \overline{\gamma }},F_{\overline{\gamma }\gamma }`$ components. Infact, they now have the following forms:

$$F_{\gamma \overline{\gamma }}=0,F_{\overline{\gamma }\gamma }=e^{2\varphi }+2_{\overline{\gamma }}h_\gamma g.$$

As an aside, let us note that the addition of this total derivative term can also be understood as gauge variation of $`B_{\mu \nu }`$ as before for suitable choice of $`\lambda `$. Thus, near the asymptotic boundary, $`\varphi \mathrm{}`$, we can further simplify the action to bring it to the following form:

$$S_p=𝑑z𝑑\overline{z}[F_{\varphi \varphi }\varphi \overline{}\varphi +F_{\gamma \gamma }\gamma \overline{}\gamma +F_{\overline{\gamma }\overline{\gamma }}\overline{\gamma }\overline{}\overline{\gamma }+F_{\overline{\gamma }\gamma }\overline{\gamma }\overline{}\gamma ],$$

where

$$\begin{array}{cc}& F_{\varphi \varphi }=1,\hfill \\ & F_{\gamma \gamma }=_\gamma g_\gamma g_\gamma _\gamma g,\hfill \\ & F_{\overline{\gamma }\overline{\gamma }}=_{\overline{\gamma }}h_{\overline{\gamma }}h_{\overline{\gamma }}_{\overline{\gamma }}h,\hfill \\ & F_{\overline{\gamma }\gamma }=e^{2\varphi }.\hfill \end{array}$$

With such a simple form of the world sheet action, it is now easy to read of the target space metric. This simply is

$$ds^2=d\varphi ^2+e^{2\varphi }d\gamma d\overline{\gamma }+F_{\gamma \gamma }d\gamma ^2+F_{\overline{\gamma }\overline{\gamma }}d\overline{\gamma }^2.$$

Now, following \[1,,3\], we can identify, up to a constant, $`F_{\gamma \gamma },F_{\overline{\gamma }\overline{\gamma }}`$ as components of stress-energy tensor in the boundary conformal field theory and their form as given in (1)very much suggests that the boundary theory is a Liouville field theory. Thus the world-sheet perturbation does infact lead to Liouville theory in the boundary of $`AdS_3`$.

We know that the action (1) has a $`SL(2)`$ free field representation which is discussed in detail in \[6\]. Equation (1) can be written as

$$S=𝑑z𝑑\overline{z}[\varphi \overline{}\varphi +\beta \overline{}\gamma +\overline{\beta }\overline{\gamma }e^{2\varphi }\beta \overline{\beta }].$$

Now if we use the equations of motion of $`\beta `$ and $`\overline{\beta }`$ in (1), we recover (1). Notice that at the boundary, the contribution of the screening operator $`e^{2\varphi }\beta \overline{\beta }`$ is small and thus can be neglected. However, as we move from the boundary to bulk, it is this term that starts contributing in the correlation function. In the $`SL(2)`$ language, (1) corresponds to changing the coefficient of the screening operator by a slowly varying $`\gamma ,\overline{\gamma }`$ dependent function as

$$S_p=𝑑z𝑑\overline{z}(\varphi \overline{}\varphi +\beta \overline{}\gamma +\overline{\beta }\overline{\gamma }[12f(\gamma ,\overline{\gamma })]e^{2\varphi }\beta \overline{\beta }).$$

Integrating out $`\beta `$ and $`\overline{\beta }`$, we get (1).

The reason for discussing the $`SL(2)`$ action is to point out a shortcoming of our previous analysis. It is well known that at the quantum level, (1) receives corrections. The field $`\varphi `$, in particular, acquires a world-sheet curvature coupling. We were not careful about such contribution in our previous analysis. Thus, while valid classically, our discussion will need proper care of quantum contributions. This certainly deserves further investigation.

With the above remark in mind, we now use our results in specific contexts. Let us first consider the special case where $`f`$ is a function of only $`\gamma `$ in (1). In this case, the only contribution in the subleading order that survives in (1) is $`F_{\gamma \gamma }`$. On the other hand, from explicit calculation, we find that any metric of the form

$$ds^2=d\varphi ^2+e^{2\varphi }d\gamma d\overline{\gamma }+G(\gamma )d\gamma ^2$$

satisfies the Einstein equation that follows form (1). Here $`G(\gamma )`$ is arbitrary function of $`\gamma `$. However, comparing with (1), we see that (1) can be identified with the deformation of $`AdS_3`$, if we identify $`F_{\gamma \gamma }=G(\gamma )`$. Thus we get an equation of the form:

$$_\gamma _\gamma g_\gamma g_\gamma g+G(\gamma )=0.$$

Given a functional form of $`G(\gamma )`$, we can solve (1) in order to find $`g`$. Upon substitution of $`g`$ in (1), we get action around the perturbed $`AdS_3`$ background. This, in turn, gives us an well defined prescription to understand small fluctuations of $`AdS_3`$ metric by perturbing (1) with suitable coupling. This coupling can be determined uniquely by equation (1) or its generalisations (which we discuss later). Turning this argument around, we see that for a particular choice of $`g`$, the metric perturbation gets determined through (1). For example, when $`g\lambda _p\gamma ^p`$ with $`\lambda _p`$ being constant, deformation around $`AdS_3`$ is given by $`G(\gamma )\lambda _p\gamma ^{p2}(p\gamma ^p1)`$. Moreover, it is easy to check that these deformations are due to conformal transformations on the $`AdS_3`$ boundary. Under boundary conformal transformation the boundary term $`e^{2\varphi }\overline{\gamma }\overline{}\gamma `$ in the action (1) gets modified. More precisely under

$$\gamma \gamma +y(\gamma ),SS+_\gamma ye^{2\varphi }\overline{\gamma }\overline{}\gamma .$$

If we now compare the modified action with (1), we get $`g=_\gamma y/2`$. Solving for $`y`$, we thus have $`y\lambda _p\gamma ^{p+1}`$. Hence we see that under $`\gamma \gamma +\lambda _p\gamma ^{p+1}`$, the $`AdS_3`$ metric gets deformed by $`G(\gamma )\lambda _p\gamma ^{p2}(p\gamma ^p1)`$.

Exactly same arguments repeat when target space metric is of the form

$$ds^2=d\varphi ^2+e^{2\varphi }d\gamma d\overline{\gamma }+H(\overline{\gamma })d\overline{\gamma }^2.$$

In this case, the relevant coupling is of course $`h(\overline{\gamma })`$ and the equation analogous to (1) is

$$_{\overline{\gamma }}_{\overline{\gamma }}h_{\overline{\gamma }}h_{\overline{\gamma }}h+H(\overline{\gamma })=0.$$

The above analysis can be easily generalized for metric deformations that are both functions of $`\gamma `$ and $`\overline{\gamma }`$. Instead of being general, let us consider a specific case of this sort. A nice example is the BTZ metric which is a solution of (1). In Schwarzschild-like coordinate \[10\], the metric is

$$ds^2=N^2dt^2+N^2dr^2+(d\theta +N^\theta dt)^2,$$

where

$$N^2=(M+r^2+\frac{J^2}{4r^2}),N^\theta =\frac{J}{2r^2}.$$

Here, $`M`$ and $`J`$ correspond to mass and angular momentum parameters of the black hole respectively. In the extremal limits $`J=\pm M`$. The Euclidean version of the metric is related to the coordinates $`\varphi ,\gamma ,\overline{\gamma }`$ as \[6\]

$$\begin{array}{cc}& r=e^\varphi \sqrt{\gamma \overline{\gamma }},\hfill \\ & \theta =\frac{1}{2i}\mathrm{log}\frac{\gamma }{\overline{\gamma }},\hfill \\ & \tau =\varphi \frac{1}{2}\mathrm{log}(e^{2\varphi }\gamma \overline{\gamma }).\hfill \end{array}$$

Here $`\tau `$ is the analytically continued $`t`$. In this coordinate system the metric (1) for large $`\varphi `$ takes the form

$$ds^2=d\varphi ^2+e^{2\varphi }d\gamma d\overline{\gamma }+(\frac{1+JM}{4\gamma ^2})d\gamma ^2+(\frac{1JM}{4\overline{\gamma }^2})d\overline{\gamma }^2.$$

This is easy to check since for large $`\varphi `$, (1) simplifies to $`e^\varphi re^\tau ,\gamma e^{\tau +i\theta }`$ and $`\overline{\gamma }e^{\tau i\theta }`$. We note that for $`J=0,M=1`$, the metric reduces to $`AdS_3`$. Now, comparing (1) with (1), we get

$$\begin{array}{cc}& _\gamma _\gamma g_\gamma g_\gamma g+(\frac{1+JM}{4\gamma ^2})=0,\hfill \\ & _{\overline{\gamma }}_{\overline{\gamma }}h_{\overline{\gamma }}h_{\overline{\gamma }}h+(\frac{1JM}{4\overline{\gamma }^2})=0.\hfill \end{array}$$

The equations in (1) can be easily solved. The solutions are:

$$\begin{array}{cc}& g=\mathrm{log}[\sqrt{\gamma }\mathrm{cos}(\frac{\sqrt{MJ}}{2}\mathrm{log}\gamma )],\hfill \\ & h=\mathrm{log}[\sqrt{\overline{\gamma }}\mathrm{cos}(\frac{\sqrt{M+J}}{2}\mathrm{log}\overline{\gamma })].\hfill \end{array}$$

In extremal limits, the solutions simplify considerably. For example when $`M=J`$, we have:

$$\begin{array}{cc}& g=\mathrm{log}[\sqrt{\gamma }1],\hfill \\ & h=\mathrm{log}[\sqrt{\overline{\gamma }}\mathrm{cos}(\sqrt{\frac{M}{2}}\mathrm{log}\overline{\gamma })].\hfill \end{array}$$

Even if we have the exact solutions for $`g`$ and $`h`$, we would like to emphasize again that our analysis above is an approximate one and expected to be valid only in the region where $`g,h`$ are small.

Finally, we would like to end this note with a comment on the conformal invariance of the perturbed action (1). The world-sheet action is conformal invariant when the $`\beta `$-functions vanish. For our case, these equations are

$$\begin{array}{cc}& R_{\mu \nu }\frac{1}{2}g_{\mu \nu }R\frac{1}{4}[H_{\mu \lambda \rho }H_{\nu }^{}{}_{}{}^{\lambda \rho }\frac{1}{6}g_{\mu \nu }H^2]=0,\hfill \\ & _\lambda H_{}^{\lambda }{}_{\mu \nu }{}^{}=0.\hfill \end{array}$$

Calculating various terms from (1), we get a constraint on $`f(\gamma ,\overline{\gamma })`$. This is

$$(1+2f)_\gamma _{\overline{\gamma }}f2_\gamma f_{\overline{\gamma }}f=0.$$

Defining $`Y=\mathrm{log}(1+2f)`$, above equation reduces to

$$_\gamma _{\overline{\gamma }}Y=0.$$

So we see that in terms of the $`Y`$, conformal invariance requires $`Y`$ to satisfy free field equation. Now for small enough $`f`$, $`Y2f`$. Thus, we can approximate $`f`$ to satisfy free field equation, leading to $`f(\gamma ,\overline{\gamma })=g(\gamma )+h(\overline{\gamma })`$. This is what has been used earlier in our discussion.

To conclude, we have demonstrated that the three dimensional gravity corresponding to the $`AdS_3`$ space time with a negative cosmological constant can be obtained from a string theory formulated in the background of this spacetime metric and a NS two form field. The NS two form field in the world-sheet theory is such that its contribution to the target space exactly gives the cosmological constant. Then a consistent perturbation can be made in the world-sheet theory which can correspond to the boundary fluctuations in the $`AdS_3`$ space time. This fluctuation can be interpreted as boundary diffeomorphism and it leads to a Liouville theory living on the boundary. Using the fact that the local structure of a BTZ black hole corresponds to $`AdS_3`$ space time, we could demonstrate the relationship between the pertubation in the world-sheet theory and the physical quantities like mass and angular momentum of BTZ black hole.

Acknowledgements:

It is a pleasure to thank Sumit Das, Cesar Gomez and Ashoke Sen for sharing their insights with us. We also thank Patrick Meessen for discussion. The work of SM is supported by Ministerio de Educación y Cultura of Spain and also through the grant CICYT-AEN 97-1678. We also like to acknowledge the hospitality of ICTP and SISSA during the initial stages of the work.

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