# Pulsed energy-time entangled twin-photon source for quantum communication

## Figure Captions

1. Schematic of the preparation and analyzer device (using optical fibers and fiber couplers). By adjusting the coupling ratio $`\eta `$ of the coupler (beam splitter) and the phase $`\phi `$ of the phase shifter, any superposition (1) of the basic states $`|short`$ and $`|long`$ can be prepared and analyzed ($`\frac{|\alpha |^2}{|\beta |^2}=\frac{1\eta }{\eta }`$). The arm length difference $`\delta t`$ of this Mach-Zender interferometer should be much longer than the pulse duration. The (optional) optical switch allows to couple or separate the basic states without losses.
2. Schematic of the experiment to demonstrate the twin-photon source. The measured 2-photon interference visibility of 84% establishes the non-classical nature of the 2-photon field (see inset).
3. Implementation of the twin-photon source for quantum cryptography. Alice and Bob require only one interferometer each and no modulators (see text). Note also the analogy between the 3-particle GHZ-states and the pump+twin-photon state of this configuration.
4. Application of the two twin-photon source for entanglement swapping or for quantum teleportation. If Alice’s detectors find the 2 photons out of coincidence, then Bob and Charly’s photon get entangled (entanglement swapping). If furthermore Charly measures his photon (with the analyzer of figure 1), then he effectively prepares the twin-photon that is in Alice hands and Alice measurement transfers (teleports) that state to Bob’s photon (up the a unitary transformation which is determined by Alice results). The Bell analyzer (for 2 out of the 4 Bell states) is realized by a simple coupler.