# Applications of Kawamata’s positivity theorem

## 0. Introduction

In this paper we treat some applications of Kawamata’s positivity theorem (See Theorem (1.4)), which are related to the following important problem.

###### Problem 0.1.

Let $`(X,\mathrm{\Delta })`$ be a proper klt pair. Let $`f:XS`$ be a proper surjective morphism onto a normal variety $`S`$ with connected fibers. Assume that $`K_X+\mathrm{\Delta }_{,f}0`$. Then is there any effective $``$-divisor $`B`$ on $`S`$ such that

$$K_X+\mathrm{\Delta }_{}f^{}(K_S+B)$$

and that the pair $`(S,B)`$ is again klt?

A special case of Problem (0.1) was studied in \[KeMM, Section 3\], where general fibers are rational curves as a step toward the proof of the three dimensional log abundance theorem. Thanks to Kodaira’s canonical bundle formula for elliptic surfaces and \[KeMM, Section 3\], the problem is affirmative under the assumption that $`dimX2`$. However, the problem is much harder in higher dimension because of the lack of canonical bundle formula and so forth. In this paper, we prove the following theorem as an application of positivity theorem of Kawamata, which could be viewed as a partial answer to Problem (0.1). This is the main theorem of this paper.

###### Theorem 0.2.

Let $`(X,\mathrm{\Delta })`$ be a proper sub klt pair. Let $`f:XS`$ be a proper surjective morphism onto a normal variety $`S`$ with connected fibers. Assume that $`dim_{k(\eta )}f_{}𝒪_X(\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{})_{𝒪_S}k(\eta )=1`$, where $`\eta `$ is the generic point of $`S`$. And assume that $`K_X+\mathrm{\Delta }_{,f}0`$, that is, there exists a $``$-Cartier $``$-divisor $`A`$ on $`S`$ such that $`K_X+\mathrm{\Delta }_{}f^{}A`$. Let $`H`$ be an ample Cartier divisor on $`S`$, and $`ϵ`$ a positive rational number. Then there exists a $``$-divisor $`B`$ on $`S`$ such that

$$K_S+B_{}A+ϵH,$$

$$K_X+\mathrm{\Delta }+ϵf^{}H_{}f^{}(K_S+B),$$

and that the pair $`(S,B)`$ is sub klt.

Furthermore, if $`f_{}𝒪_X(\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{})=𝒪_S`$, then we can make $`B`$ effective, that is, $`(S,B)`$ is klt. In particular, $`S`$ has only rational singularities.

By using Theorem (0.2), we obtain the cone theorem for the base space $`S`$ (See Theorem (3.1)), whose proof is given in Section 4 for the reader’s convenience. We also prove that the target space of an extremal contraction is at worst “Kawamata log terminal” (See Corollary (3.5)). Corollary (3.7) is a reformulation of a result of Nakayama.

In this paper, we will work over $``$, the complex number field, and make use of the standard notations as in \[KoM, Notation 0.4\].

###### Acknowledgments .

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Professors Shigefumi Mori and Noboru Nakayama for many useful comments. I am grateful to Dr. Daisuke Matsushita, who informed me of the paper \[N2\], which was a starting point of this paper. I am also grateful to Professor Yoichi Miyaoka for warm encouragements.

## 1. Definitions and Preliminaries

We make some definitions and cite the key theorem in this section.

###### Definition 1.1.

Let $`f:XS`$ be a proper surjective morphism of normal varieties with connected fibers.

1. A divisor $`D`$ is called $`f`$-exceptional if $`\mathrm{codim}_Sf(D)2`$.
2. Two $``$-divisors $`\mathrm{\Delta }`$ and $`\mathrm{\Delta }^{}`$ on $`X`$ are called $``$-linearly $`f`$-equivalent, denoted by $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{,f}\mathrm{\Delta }^{}`$, if there exists a positive integer $`r`$ such that $`r\mathrm{\Delta }`$ and $`r\mathrm{\Delta }^{}`$ are linearly $`f`$-equivalent (See \[KoM, Notation 0.4 (5)\]).

###### Definition 1.2.

A pair $`(X,\mathrm{\Delta })`$ of normal variety and a $``$-divisor $`\mathrm{\Delta }=_id_i\mathrm{\Delta }_i`$ is said to be sub Kawamata log terminal (sub klt, for short) (resp. divisorial log terminal (dlt, for short)) if the following conditions are satisfied:

1. $`K_X+\mathrm{\Delta }`$ is a $``$-Cartier $``$-divisor ;
2. $`d_i<1`$ (resp. $`0d_i1`$) ;
3. there exists a log resolution (See \[KoM, Notation 0.4 (10)\]) $`\mu :YX`$ such that $`a_j>1`$ for all $`j`$ in the canonical bundle formula,

$$K_Y+\mu _{}^1\mathrm{\Delta }=\mu ^{}(K_X+\mathrm{\Delta })+\underset{j}{}a_jE_j.$$

A pair $`(X,\mathrm{\Delta })`$ is called Kawamata log terminal (klt, for short) if $`(X,\mathrm{\Delta })`$ is sub klt and $`\mathrm{\Delta }`$ is effective. We say that a variety $`X`$ has only canonical singularities if $`(X,0)`$ is klt and $`a_j0`$ for all $`j`$ in (3).

The notion of divisorial log terminal pair was first introduced by V. V. Shokurov in his paper \[Sh\] (for another equivalent definition, see \[Sz, Divisorial Log Terminal Theorem\] and \[KoM, Definition 2.37\]).

###### Definition 1.3.

Let $`f:XS`$ be a smooth surjective morphism of varieties with connected fibers. A reduced effective divisor $`D=_iD_i`$ on $`X`$ such that $`D_i`$ is mapped onto $`S`$ for every $`i`$ is said to be relatively normal crossing if the following condition holds. For each closed point $`x`$ of $`X`$, there exists an open neighborhood $`U`$ (with respect to the classical topology) and $`u_1,\mathrm{},u_k𝒪_{X,x}`$ inducing a regular system of parameters on $`f^1f(x)`$ at $`x`$, where $`k=dim_xf^1f(x)`$, such that $`DU=\{u_1\mathrm{}u_l=0\}`$ for some $`l`$ such that $`0lk`$.

The next theorem is \[Ka3, Theorem 2\], which plays an essential role in this paper. The conditions (2) and (3) are different from the original ones. But we do not have to change the proof in \[Ka3\].

###### Theorem 1.4 (Kawamata’s positivity theorem).

Let $`g:YT`$ be a surjective morphism of smooth projective varieties with connected fibers. Let $`P=_jP_j`$ and $`Q=_lQ_l`$ be normal crossing divisors on $`Y`$ and $`T`$, respectively, such that $`g^1(Q)P`$ and $`g`$ is smooth over $`TQ`$. Let $`D=_jd_jP_j`$ be a $``$-divisor on $`Y`$ ($`d_j`$’s may be negative), which satisfies the following conditions:

1. $`D=D^h+D^v`$ such that every irreducible component of $`D^h`$ is mapped surjecively onto $`T`$ by $`g`$, $`g:\mathrm{Supp}(D^h)T`$ is relatively normal crossing over $`TQ`$, and $`g(\mathrm{Supp}(D^v))Q`$. An irreducible component of $`D^h`$ (resp. $`D^v`$) is called horizontal (resp. vertical).
2. $`d_j<1`$ if $`P_j`$ is not $`g`$-exceptional.
3. $`dim_{k(\eta )}g_{}𝒪_Y(\mathrm{}D\mathrm{})_{𝒪_T}k(\eta )=1`$, where $`\eta `$ is the generic point of $`T`$.
4. $`K_Y+D_{}g^{}(K_T+L)`$ for some $``$-divisor $`L`$ on $`T`$.

Let

$`g^{}Q_l`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{j}{}}w_{lj}P_j`$   
$`\overline{d}_j`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{d_j+w_{lj}1}{w_{lj}}}\text{ if }g(P_j)=Q_l`$   
$`\delta _l`$ $`=`$ $`\text{max }\{\overline{d}_j;g(P_j)=Q_l\}`$   
$`\mathrm{\Delta }_0`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{l}{}}\delta _lQ_l`$   
$`M`$ $`=`$ $`L\mathrm{\Delta }_0.`$   
Then $`M`$ is nef.

## 2. Proof of the Main Theorem

###### Proof of Theorem (0.2).

(cf. \[N2, Theorem 2\]) By using the desingularization theorem (cf. \[Sz, Resolution Lemma\]) we have the following commutative diagram:

$$\begin{array}{ccc}Y& \stackrel{\nu }{}& X\\ g& & f& & ,\\ T& \stackrel{\mu }{}& S\end{array}$$

where

1. $`Y`$ and $`T`$ are smooth projective varieties,
2. $`\nu `$ and $`\mu `$ are projective birational morphisms,
3. we define $``$-divisors $`D`$ and $`L`$ on $`Y`$ and $`T`$ by the following relations:

$$K_Y+D=\nu ^{}(K_X+\mathrm{\Delta }),$$

$$K_T+L_{}\mu ^{}A,$$
4. there are simple normal crossing divisors $`P`$ and $`Q`$ on $`Y`$ and $`T`$ such that they satisfy the conditions of Theorem (1.4) and there exists a set of positive rational numbers $`\{s_l\}`$ such that $`\mu ^{}H_ls_lQ_l`$ is ample.

By the construction, the conditions (1) and (4) of Theorem (1.4) are satisfied. Since $`(X,\mathrm{\Delta })`$ is sub klt, the condition (2) of Theorem (1.4) is satisfied. The condition (3) of Theorem (1.4) can be checked by the following claim. Note that $`\mu `$ is birational. We put $`h:=f\nu `$.

###### Claim (A).

$`𝒪_Sh_{}𝒪_Y(\mathrm{}D\mathrm{})f_{}𝒪_X(\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{})`$.

###### Proof of Claim (A).

Since $`𝒪_Y𝒪_Y(\mathrm{}D\mathrm{})`$, we have $`𝒪_S=h_{}𝒪_Yh_{}𝒪_Y(\mathrm{}D\mathrm{})`$. Note that $`\mathrm{}D\mathrm{}=\nu _{}^1\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{}+F`$, where $`F`$ is effective and $`\nu `$-exceptional. Then

$$\begin{array}{cccc}& \mathrm{\Gamma }(U,\nu _{}𝒪_Y(\mathrm{}D\mathrm{}))\hfill & & \\ & \mathrm{\Gamma }(U\backslash \nu (F),\nu _{}𝒪_Y(\mathrm{}D\mathrm{}))\hfill & =& \mathrm{\Gamma }(U\backslash \nu (F),\nu _{}𝒪_Y(\nu _{}^1\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{}))\hfill \\ & \mathrm{\Gamma }(U\backslash \nu (F),𝒪_X(\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{}))\hfill & =& \mathrm{\Gamma }(U,𝒪_X(\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{})),\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`U`$ is a Zariski open set of $`X`$. So we have $`\nu _{}𝒪_Y(\mathrm{}D\mathrm{})𝒪_X(\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{})`$. Then $`h_{}𝒪_Y(\mathrm{}D\mathrm{})f_{}𝒪_X(\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{})`$. We get Claim (A). ∎

So we can apply Theorem (1.4) to $`g:YT`$. The divisors $`\mathrm{\Delta }_0`$ and $`M`$ are as in Theorem (1.4). Then $`M`$ is nef. Since $`M`$ is nef, we have that

$$M+ϵ\mu ^{}Hϵ^{}\underset{l}{}s_lQ_l$$

is ample for $`0<ϵ^{}ϵ`$. We take a general Cartier divisor

$$F_0|m(M+ϵ\mu ^{}Hϵ^{}\underset{l}{}s_lQ_l)|$$

for a sufficiently large and divisible integer $`m`$. We can assume that $`\mathrm{Supp}(F_0_lQ_l)`$ is a simple normal crossing divisor. And we define $`F:=(1/m)F_0`$. Then

$$L+ϵ\mu ^{}H_{}F+\mathrm{\Delta }_0+ϵ^{}\underset{l}{}s_lQ_l.$$

Let $`B_0:=F+\mathrm{\Delta }_0+ϵ^{}_ls_lQ_l`$ and $`\mu _{}B_0=B`$. We have $`K_T+B_0=\mu ^{}(K_S+B)`$. By the definition, $`\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }_0\mathrm{}0`$. So $`\mathrm{}F+\mathrm{\Delta }_0+ϵ^{}_ls_lQ_l\mathrm{}0`$ when $`ϵ^{}`$ is small enough. Then $`(S,B)`$ is sub klt. By the construction we have

$$K_S+B_{}A+ϵH,$$

$$K_X+\mathrm{\Delta }+ϵf^{}H_{}f^{}(K_S+B).$$

If we assume furthermore that $`f_{}𝒪_X(\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{})=𝒪_S`$, we can prove the following claim.

###### Claim (B).

If $`\mu _{}Q_l0`$, then $`\delta _l0`$.

###### Proof of Claim (B).

If $`\mathrm{}d_j\mathrm{}w_{lj}`$ for every $`j`$, then $`\mathrm{}D\mathrm{}g^{}Q_l`$. So $`g_{}𝒪_Y(\mathrm{}D\mathrm{})𝒪_T(Q_l)`$. Then $`𝒪_S=h_{}𝒪_Y(\mathrm{}D\mathrm{})\mu _{}𝒪_T(Q_l)`$ by Claim (A). It is a contradiction. So we have that $`\mathrm{}d_j\mathrm{}<w_{lj}`$ for some $`j`$. Since $`w_{lj}`$ is an integer, we have that $`d_j+1w_{lj}`$. Then $`\overline{d}_j0`$. We get $`\delta _l0`$. ∎

So $`B`$ is effective if $`f_{}𝒪_X(\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{})=𝒪_S`$. This completes the proof. ∎

Note that Theorem (0.2) implies a generalization of Kollár’s result \[Ko2, Remark 3.16\].

## 3. Applications of the Main Theorem

The following theorem is the cone theorem for $`(S,AK_S)`$. This implies the argument in \[C, (5.4.2)\].

###### Theorem 3.1 (Generalized Cone Theorem).

In Theorem (0.2) we assume that $`f_{}𝒪_X(\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{})=𝒪_S`$. Then we have the cone theorem of $`S`$ as follows:

1. There are (possibly countably many) rational curves $`C_jS`$ such that $`_0[C_j]`$ is an $`A`$-negative extremal ray for every $`j`$ and

$$\overline{\mathrm{NE}}(S)=\overline{\mathrm{NE}}(S)_{A0}+\underset{j}{}_0[C_j].$$
2. For any $`\delta >0`$ and every ample $``$-divisor $`F`$,

$$\overline{\mathrm{NE}}(S)=\overline{\mathrm{NE}}(S)_{(A+\delta F)0}+\underset{\text{finite}}{}_0[C_j].$$
3. The contraction theorem holds for any $`A`$-negative extremal face (for more precise statement, see \[KoM, Theorem 3.7 (3), (4)\]).

###### Proof.

See Section 4. ∎

The next theorem is a partial answer to Problem (0.1) under some assumptions.

###### Theorem 3.2.

Let $`(X,\mathrm{\Delta })`$ be a proper sub klt pair. Let $`f:XS`$ be a proper surjective morphism onto a normal projective variety with connected fibers. Assume that $`K_X+\mathrm{\Delta }_{,f}0`$ and $`f_{}𝒪_X(\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{})=𝒪_S`$. Assume that $`S`$ is $``$-factorial and the Picard number $`\rho (S)=1`$, and the irregularity $`q(S)=0`$. Then there is an effective $``$-divisor $`\mathrm{\Delta }^{}`$ on $`S`$ such that

(!) 
$$K_X+\mathrm{\Delta }_{}f^{}(K_S+\mathrm{\Delta }^{}),$$

and that the pair $`(S,\mathrm{\Delta }^{})`$ is klt.

###### Proof.

We use the same notations as in the proof of Theorem (0.2). By Theorem (0.2) and the $``$-factoriality of $`S`$, we have that $`(S,\mu _{}\mathrm{\Delta }_0)`$ is klt. The $``$-divisor $`\mu _{}M`$ is an ample $``$-Cartier $``$-divisor or $`\mu _{}M_{}0`$ since $`S`$ is $``$-factorial and $`\rho (S)=1`$, and $`q(S)=0`$. When $`\mu _{}M_{}0`$, we put $`\mathrm{\Delta }^{}:=\mu _{}\mathrm{\Delta }_0`$. So $`(S,\mathrm{\Delta }^{})`$ is klt and satisfies (!). When $`\mu _{}M`$ is ample, we take a sufficiently large and divisible integer $`k`$ such that $`|k\mu _{}M|`$ is very ample. Let $`C`$ be a general member of $`|k\mu _{}M|`$. We put $`\mathrm{\Delta }^{}:=(1/k)C+\mu _{}\mathrm{\Delta }_0`$. Then $`(S,\mathrm{\Delta }^{})`$ is klt and satisfies (!). ∎

###### Remark 3.3.

In Theorem (3.2), the assumption $`q(S)=0`$ is satisfied if $`K_S`$ is nef and big. It is because $`S`$ is klt by Theorem (0.2) and the $``$-factoriality of $`S`$. So $`q(S)=h^1(S,𝒪_S)=0`$ by Kawamata-Viehweg Vanishing Theorem.

###### Remark 3.4.

On the assumption that $`X`$ has only canonical singularities and the general fibers of $`f`$ are smooth elliptic curves, Problem (0.1) was proved (See \[N1, Corollary 0.4\]).

The next corollary is the generalization of Kollár’s theorem (See \[Ko1, Corollary 7.4\]).

###### Corollary 3.5.

Let $`(X,\mathrm{\Delta })`$ be a projective dlt pair. Let $`f:XS`$ be an extremal contraction (See \[KMM, Theorem 3-2-1\]). Then there exists an effective $``$-divisor $`\mathrm{\Delta }^{}`$ on $`S`$ such that $`(S,\mathrm{\Delta }^{})`$ is klt. In particular, $`S`$ has only rational singularities.

###### Proof.

Let $`H`$ be an ample $``$-Cartier $``$-divisor on $`S`$ such that $`H^{}:=(K_X+\mathrm{\Delta })+f^{}H`$ is ample. Let $`m`$ be a positive integer such that $`m\mathrm{\Delta }`$ is a $``$-divisor. Let $`m^{}`$ be a sufficiently large and divisible integer such that $`𝒪_X(m\mathrm{\Delta }+m^{}H^{})`$ is generated by global sections. We take a general member $`D^{}|m\mathrm{\Delta }+m^{}H^{}|`$. Then $`H^{}_{}(1/m^{})(D^{}m\mathrm{\Delta })`$. So we have that $`K_X+\mathrm{\Delta }+(ϵ/m^{})(D^{}m\mathrm{\Delta })`$ is $``$-Cartier and klt for any rational number $`0<ϵ1`$ (See \[KoM, Proposition 2.43\]). We take a sufficiently large and divisible integer $`k`$ such that $`kH^{}`$ is very ample. Let $`D^{\prime \prime }`$ be a general member of $`|kH^{}|`$. Then

$$(X,\mathrm{\Delta }+\frac{ϵ}{m^{}}(D^{}m\mathrm{\Delta })+\frac{1ϵ}{k}D^{\prime \prime })$$

is klt and

$$K_X+\mathrm{\Delta }+\frac{ϵ}{m^{}}(D^{}m\mathrm{\Delta })+\frac{1ϵ}{k}D^{\prime \prime }_{,f}0.$$

Apply Theorem (0.2) for

$$f:(X,\mathrm{\Delta }+\frac{ϵ}{m^{}}(D^{}m\mathrm{\Delta })+\frac{1ϵ}{k}D^{\prime \prime })S.$$

We get the result. ∎

###### Corollary 3.6.

Let $`f:XS`$ be a Mori fiber space (for the definition of a Mori fiber space, see \[C, (1.2)\]). Then $`S`$ is klt.

###### Proof.

Apply Corollary (3.5). Note that $`S`$ is $``$-factorial (See \[KoM, Corollary 3.18\]). ∎

The following corollary is a reformulation of \[N3, Corollary A.4.4\], whose assumption is slightly different from ours. Our proof is much simpler than \[N3, Corollary A.4.4\], but we can only treat the global situation. For the non-projective case, we refer the reader to \[N3, Appendix\].

###### Corollary 3.7.

Let $`(X,\mathrm{\Delta })`$ be a proper sub klt pair. Let $`f:XS`$ be a proper surjective morphism onto a normal projective variety $`S`$ with connected fibers. Assume that $`f_{}𝒪_X(\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{})=𝒪_S`$ and $`(K_X+\mathrm{\Delta })`$ is $`f`$-nef and $`f`$-abundant (See \[KMM, Definition 6-1-1\]). Then there exists an effective $``$-divisor $`\mathrm{\Delta }^{}`$ on $`S`$ such that $`(S,\mathrm{\Delta }^{})`$ is klt. In particular, $`S`$ has only rational singularities.

###### Proof.

By \[KMM, Proposition 6-1-3\], there exists a diagram:

$$\begin{array}{ccc}Y& \stackrel{\mu }{}& Z\\ g& & \nu & & \\ X& \stackrel{f}{}& S\end{array}$$

which satisfies the following conditions;

1. it is commutative, that is, $`h:=fg=\nu \mu `$,
2. $`\mu `$, $`\nu `$ and $`g`$ are projective morphisms,
3. $`Y`$ and $`Z`$ are nonsingular varieties,
4. $`g`$ is a birational morphism and $`\mu `$ is a surjective morphism with connected fibers, and
5. there exists a $`\nu `$-nef and $`\nu `$-big $``$-Cartier $``$-divisor $`D`$ on $`Z`$ such that

$$K_Y+\mathrm{\Delta }^{\prime \prime }:=g^{}(K_X+\mathrm{\Delta })_{}\mu ^{}(D).$$

By \[Ka1, Lemma 1.7\], there exists an effective $``$-divisor $`C_0`$ on $`Z`$ such that $`DC_0`$ is $`\nu `$-ample. We define $`C:=\mu ^{}C_0`$. If $`m`$ is a sufficiently large integer, then $`(Y,\mathrm{\Delta }^{\prime \prime }+(1/m)C)`$ is sub klt. We put

$$H:=(K_Y+\mathrm{\Delta }^{\prime \prime })\frac{1}{m}C_{}\mu ^{}(D\frac{1}{m}C_0).$$

Then $`H`$ is $`h`$-semi-ample since $`D(1/m)C_0`$ is $`\nu `$-ample. We take a very ample Cartier divisor $`A`$ on $`S`$ such that $`H+h^{}A`$ is semi-ample. Let $`E`$ be a general member of $`|k(H+h^{}A)|`$ for a sufficiently large and divisible integer $`k`$. Then

$$(Y,\mathrm{\Delta }^{\prime \prime }+\frac{1}{m}C+\frac{1}{k}E)$$

is sub klt and

$$K_Y+\mathrm{\Delta }^{\prime \prime }+\frac{1}{m}C+\frac{1}{k}E_{,h}0$$

by the construction. So we can apply Theorem (0.2) for

$$h:(Y,\mathrm{\Delta }^{\prime \prime }+\frac{1}{m}C+\frac{1}{k}E)S.$$

Note that

$$𝒪_Sh_{}𝒪_Y(\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }^{\prime \prime }\frac{1}{m}C\frac{1}{k}E\mathrm{})=h_{}𝒪_Y(\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }^{\prime \prime }\mathrm{})f_{}𝒪_X(\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{})$$

by Claim (A) in the proof of Theorem (0.2). This complete the proof. ∎

## 4. Generalized Cone Theorem

In this section we always work on the following assumption.

###### Assumptions 4.1.

Let $`S`$ be a normal projective variety and $`A`$ a $``$-Cartier $``$-divisor on $`S`$. For any positive rational number $`ϵ`$ and every ample Cartier divisor $`H`$, there exists an effective $``$-divisor $`B`$ on $`S`$ such that $`K_S+B_{}A+ϵH`$ and that $`(S,B)`$ is klt.

###### Definition 4.2.

Let $`F`$ be an ample Cartier divisor. We define

$$r:=sup\{t;F+tA\text{is nef}\}.$$

###### Theorem 4.3 (Generalized Cone Theorem).

We have the generalization of the cone theorem as follows:

1. There are (possibly countably many) rational curves $`C_jS`$ such that $`_0[C_j]`$ is an $`A`$-negative extremal ray for every $`j`$ and

$$\overline{\mathrm{NE}}(S)=\overline{\mathrm{NE}}(S)_{A0}+\underset{j}{}_0[C_j].$$
2. For any $`\delta >0`$ and every ample $``$-divisor $`F`$,

$$\overline{\mathrm{NE}}(S)=\overline{\mathrm{NE}}(S)_{(A+\delta F)0}+\underset{\text{finite}}{}_0[C_j].$$
3. The contraction theorem holds for any $`A`$-negative extremal face (for more precise statement, see \[KoM, Theorem 3.7 (3), (4)\]).

###### Proof.

If $`A`$ is nef, then there is nothing to be proved. So we can assume that $`A`$ is not nef. Then (2) is obvious. Note that for rational numbers $`0<\delta ^{}<\delta `$ there is an effective $``$-divisor $`B^{}`$ such that $`A+\delta F_{}K_S+B^{}+\delta ^{}F`$ and $`(S,B^{})`$ is klt. So we can reduce it to the well-known cone theorem for klt pairs (See \[KoM, Theorem 3.7\]).

Let $`ϵ`$ be a small positive rational number and $`K_S+B_{}A+ϵF`$. If $`F+r_0(K_S+B)`$ is nef but not ample, then $`r_0`$ is a rational number by the rationality theorem for klt pairs. So we get the rationality of $`r`$. By \[KMM, Lemma 4-2-2\] and the rationality of $`r`$, we have

$$\overline{\mathrm{NE}}(S)=\overline{\overline{\mathrm{NE}}(S)_{A0}+\underset{j}{}_0[C_j]},$$

where the right hand side is the closure of the cone generated by $`\overline{\mathrm{NE}}(S)_{A0}`$ and $`_j_0[C_j]`$. This fact and (2) implies (1) (See the proof of \[KoM, Theorem 1.24\]). (3) is also obvious. By changing $`A`$ to $`A+ϵH_{}K_X+B`$, where $`ϵ`$ is a small rational number, we can reduce it to the well-known klt case. ∎