# Question
Title: How to Play Sound from Termux when using Linux?
I have a problem with audio streaming that I can not listen audio from Pulseaudio when using VNC with a Linux Desktop Environment.

However it works if I export the audio to XSDL. But the problem is that after I exit the application the sound does not work in the background.

I know that Pulseaudio only supports Xorg servers, so how to stream audio to VNC or any other application on Android and to run it in the background.

I know that there is an application Simple Protocol Player that listens to pulseaudio sound from Xorg Server, but it does not work for me and I do not know the reason.

# Answer
> 3 votes
There are two possibilities I know of, to play sound from a Linux environment on Android device:

* Play through native ALSA libraries
* Stream through PulseAudio
    + Forward to X Server (on UNIX or TCP socket)
    + Stream over IP (TCP or UDP) e.g. when using VNC

First method works natively through ALSA kernel module/drivers while second and third work through `PulseAudio` libraries i.e. different modules and protocols (`pulseaudio` package should be installed on Termux / Linux distro).

Mostly Android OEMs base their sound architecture on ALSA, though not necessary:

> *"You can use Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA), Open Sound System (OSS), or a custom driver"*

In case of ALSA kernel lists devices in `/dev/snd/` which can be manipulated to direct sound towards sound card. Complete tutorial can be found here. It works, but not for all sound formats. It's because ALSA drivers loaded on Android devices can't be controlled (at least I could not) through standard Linux userspace tools in straightforward manner because they aren't compatible (refer to changes/additions in Linux kernel by Google/OEMs, the closed source proprietary HALs in userspace, and differences in ALSA vs. TinyALSA). Also access to `/proc/asound/` is not possible without root, see details in this answer. ALSA project is here.

Also there are more customized solutions that work with ALSA and PulseAudio both such as Music Player Daemon.

**When using X Server:**
`XSDL Server` is the only well developed X server Android app I know of, no more developed unfortunately. It has a built-in PulseAudio server with `module-cli-protocol-tcp` already loaded, listening on standard port `4712` by default. Once the X Session is started on Linux, we can direct sound from Linux PulseAudio client libraries to XDSL PulseAudio server by setting the following environment variable on Linux:

```
$ export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:127.0.0.1:4712

```

<sup>* 127.0.0.1 indicates that Linux and XDSL are running on same device</sup>

Or to set permanently, edit file:

```
# /etc/pulse/client.conf or ~/.config/pulse/client.conf

default-server = tcp:127.0.0.1:4712

```

Now any media player running in this environment that makes use of PulseAudio client libraries, will stream its audio to XDSL app. You can forward X session display and sound to X server running on a PC as well but that needs a more complicated setup.

**When using VNC:**
VNC protocol by default doesn't support sound. However, PulseAudio server can stream over TCP/UDP using different protocols. There are apps available for Android that can play `simple protocol` (e.g. *Simple Protocol Player*) and `real-time transport protocol` (e.g. *VLC*). For this we need to load the related PulseAudio module.
To setup local PulseAudio daemon, first of all comment out following lines:

```
# /etc/pulse/default.pa

#ifexists module-console-kit.so
#load-module module-console-kit
#.endif

```

Otherwise daemon will fail to start if `/usr/lib/pulse*/modules/module-console-kit.so` exists but `consolekit` package isn't installed (which is deprecated, replaced by `systemd-login` and no more present on many Linux repos).

Ensure that `autospawn` is set to `yes` so that we don't need to start daemon manually and it is auto started by Desktop Environment. Not necessary if we start daemon manually.

```
# /etc/pulse/client.conf

# Autospawn a PulseAudio server/daemon when needed
autospawn = yes

```

Now start pulseaudio daemon and note the value of source, for me it's `auto_null.monitor`:

```
$ pulseaudio --start && pactl list | grep -A2 -i RUNNING
$ DISPLAY=:0 pulseaudio --start

```

Load simple-protocol module:

```
$ DISPLAY=:0 pactl load-module module-simple-protocol-tcp rate=48000 format=s16le channels=2 source=auto_null.monitor record=true port=8000 listen=127.0.0.1

```

Or to set permanently, edit file:

```
$ echo 'load-module module-simple-protocol-tcp rate=48000 format=s16le channels=2 source=auto_null.monitor record=true port=8000 listen=127.0.0.1' >> /etc/pulse/default.pa

```

Following should be enabled in DE startup settings, necessary because some programs such as `emixer` on `Enlightenment` Desktop Environment works only if PulseAudio server in local X server is published:

```
$ DISPLAY=:0 start-pulseaudio-x11

```

Start Simple Player app and match `bitrate` and `port` set in above command i.e. `48000` and `8000` in my case. Don't use `listen=127.0.0.1` if you want to listen on PC too.

I have tested both of PulseAudio based solutions on `ArchLinuxARM` and `Ubuntu`, and they work without root access. However `SELinux` may restrict access to certain resources if running in non-root context. Also, in order to get network access and create sockets, you have to be member of inet (3003) group necessarily. All apps with android.permission.INTERNET granted are member of this group.

# Answer
> 1 votes
Good news, I've been able to extract audio to Simple Protocol Player using the pulseaudio for Android on Termex but the problem is that this method does not work on the offical pulseaudio because it does not have access privileges for have root only if you have root on your system can you extract audio of Simple Protocol player

**WARNING: If the audio does not work, check the link below because there are some notes I did not mention**

# on Termux

---

**Do this command :**

`pactl list sources short`

* *Visit the link below to find out the usefulness of this command before you complete reading*

**And :**

---

Download application

**And :**

---

```
echo -e "\n# Simple Protocol Player\n\nload-module module-simple-protocol-tcp source=OpenSL_ES_sink.monitor record=true port=12345 rate=44100" >> $PREFIX/etc/pulse/default.pa

```

**And Restart Termux :**

---

close all windows in termux

**And :**

---

`pulseaudio -k`

`pulseaudio --start`

**or only :**

---

`pulseaudio --start`

**now install sox :**

---

`apt install sox`

**And Play sound :**

---

`play [file.mp3]`

For more information visit Link

# Answer
> 1 votes
`mpg123 myFile.mp3` (`pkg install mpg123`) will play an mp3 in Termux. To pause, press `ctrl+z`. To resume type `%` and press enter. Press `ctrl+c` while playing to quit.

In addition to the `play` command, which you've mentioned, there's also `play-audio` (`pkg install play-audio`).

---
Tags: audio, linux, termux, vnc
---


# Question
Title: successfully installing recovery but unable to boot into recovery
i am facing an issue and that is i am having the current image (boot/recovery) have been destroyed and can not boot,

but I am able to boot into fastboot with power + volume buttons and i am able to flash recovery as well i have tried three recoveries twrp, orangefox, and stock and they all flash successfully but after that it again shows above mentioned message i am unable to go into recovery below is the code of my console log :)

```
platform-tools_r31.0.3-windows>adb devices
* daemon not running; starting now at tcp:5037
* daemon started successfully
List of devices attached

platform-tools_r31.0.3-windows>fastboot devices
b4e38ae3        fastboot

platform-tools_r31.0.3-windows>fastboot flash recovery  orangefox.img
Sending 'recovery' (35408 KB)                      OKAY [  0.961s]
Writing 'recovery'                                 OKAY [  0.171s]
Finished. Total time: 1.181s

platform-tools_r31.0.3-windows>fastboot boot orangefox.img
Sending 'boot.img' (35408 KB)                      OKAY [  0.783s]
Booting                                            FAILED (remote: 'unknown command')
fastboot: error: Command failed

```

It's a Realme 3 pro running Android 11 custom rom corvus.

I was going back to stock rom, I deleted data, cache/delvik, but not vender as it was needed i guess, and then flashed stock rom downloaded from official realme website then i flashed orangefox recovery again then magisk after that i clear cache and restart it and from there on it showing the current image(boot/recovery) have been destroyed.

# Answer
well, it\`s solved what I did is I flashed a recovery then vbmeta.img and reboot it and it worked like a charm :) fastboot --disable-verity --disable-verification flash vbmeta vbmeta.img above is the command after flashing recovery link of the article I followed
> 1 votes

---
Tags: recovery-mode, twrp, fastboot, stock-rom, realme
---


title: Force whatsapp to upload backup

text:
# Question
Title: Force whatsapp to upload backup
My whatsapp is uploading backup every week so the backup system is working .

But i want to backup the chat right now so i tried to press the big green "BACK UP" button. A pop up appeared "Backing up messages , please wait a moment (%)" .

It goes from 0% to 100% , but after 100% , the popup just disappear and no backup was made .

How do i force whatsapp to upload backup right now ?

---

I log out from my whatsapp account and relogin , the back up button works after relogin . I don't know why this happen , maybe a bug in whatsapp.

# Answer
By backup do you mean backup to Google Drive or local backup of messages?

The Whatsapp backup process consists of two distinct phases:

* **Local backup**: saving all messages inside the phone memory.
* **Backup to Google Drive**: it happens only after the local backup and only if a Google account is selected. This backup includes all messages and media (you can choose whether to include videos or not).

If you get a pop-up saying: "Backing up messages", it means that it's only completing the local backup of messages, which seems to be successful in your case.

If you want to force a backup to Google Drive you have to first select the Google account in Settings \> Chat \> Chat Backup \> Google Drive Settings \> Google Account, then click the green "Back Up" button and Whatsapp will automatically backup both locally and to Google Drive.
> 0 votes

---
Tags: backup
---


# Question
Title: Where is the WiFi MAC randomization data stored?
In the newer Androids there's a feature called WiFi MAC Randomization. In its basic form, the mechanism calculates the random MAC for a given ESSID. Each time you connect to the same WiFi, Android will use the previously generated MAC. Even when you forget the WiFi network and add it anew, Android will use the same MAC as before. So where exactly is the WiFi MAC randomization data stored?

# Answer
> 2 votes
According to the Android documentation the persistent randomization is not stored anywhere.

Instead the "random MAC address" is generated every time you connect to the Wifi. This generation bases on the Wifi network parameters:

> Android generates a persistent randomized MAC address based on the parameters of the network profile including SSID, security type, or FQDN (for Passpoint networks).

And I assume that additionally some secret factor that is unique to your device is included into the calculation, otherwise every Android device would generate the same random MAC address for the same network. Not sure what they actually use, may be ANDROID\_ID or some random ~128 bit data stored somewhere in your user profile.

In such situations typically an HMAC algorithm is used to generate pseudorandom output that can then be used for the 46 bits of the MAC that are randomized. This makes it next to impossible to determine the used secret part based on the randomized MAC address and to calculate MAC addresses you would use in other networks.

Note that this answer is only about AOSP. Android manufacturer may change the randomization. According to a study on WiFi MAC randomization Motorola e.g. implements a custom MAC randomization scheme (not the 46bit scheme described in AOSP).

---
Tags: wi-fi, networking, mac-address
---


# Question
Title: How can I flash android_low_ram enabler via adb and fastboot?
I wanted to know if I could flash the android\_low\_ram enabler zip file via adb and fastboot as I want to make Android run smoother on my 2gb ram phone which came pre- installed with full Android. I searched on xda for this but couldn't find exact adb command for my purpose.

Links -

1. https://forum.xda-developers.com/t/flash-zip-files-from-adb-terminal-and-other-commands.1353234/
2. android\_low\_ram enabler zip file -- https://forum.xda-developers.com/t/mod-low-ram-property-patcher-for-android.3737373/

# Answer
This flashable zip does nothing more than installing some OTA startup script which does modification in `build.prop`

```
ro.config.low_ram=true

```

assuming you have unlocked bootloader you can install flashable zip from custom recovery via fastboot/adb

```
fastboot boot twrp.img
adb push android_lowram_enabler.zip /tmp
adb shell twrp install /tmp/android_lowram_enabler.zip

```

That might however not give the desired result, as OTA script is pushed to `/system/addon.d` which is a non-standard feature of LineageOS custom ROM, and so `ro.config.low_ram`
> 0 votes

---
Tags: adb, fastboot, android-go
---


# Question
Title: Is 3G network always available when 4G network is?
I'm going to buy an Android phone which has unfortunately blocked 4G calls by the operator. Only 3G calling will be possible. I think it's enough for voice, but:

Since I travel a lot, is the 3G network available everywhere when 4G is? Or is it completely different technology so I might end up in the places where only 4G signals are available, but no 3G?

# Answer
> 1 votes
I had to discard fully functional smartphone because we have no more 3G in germany. This concerned UMTS mobile data only, GSM phone calls still possible.
Nevertheless UMTS is independent from LTE so the answer is NO

# Answer
> 1 votes
If 3G/UMTS is available for calls depends on the country you are living in. A lot of countries have shut down older mobile networks like GSM/2G and 3G or planning to do so.

But every mobile operator and every country it can be different what networks are shut down.

* In Germany the 2G network stays, only 3G is shut down.
* In Switzerland Swisscom has switched of 2G completely, 3G is still active
* In USA 2G networks are mostly shut down already and 3G networks are mostly shut down next year source.
* In some Asian countries as far as I remember 2G and 3G has been shut down

So the answer is no, 3G and 4G are totally independent form each other.

Therefore today buying a phone that has no 4G + VoLTE support is not a good idea.

---
Tags: calls, 3g, 4g
---


# Question
Title: How do I make the music player display on the lock screen?
When I'm listening to music on my Android using Music Player, I want to see what song I'm listening to on my lock screen, and maybe even play/pause and go forward/backward on the playlist, but not change the playlist.

How can I get this kind of a setting? Do I have to write my own app?

# Answer
The upgrade to Android 4.3 came from my service provider last week, so I upgraded. Now I can play and pause music from the lock screen!
> 0 votes

# Answer
By default, the stock player has the player controls in Android. Play a song from your stock music player app (the one which was originally included in your mobile) and play a song. When you turn off the screen and get back to the lock screen, you must be able to see the player controls.

You can also try Sony Walkman which offers a number of features including lock screen controls. You can also use an app like Simply Lockscreen to enable music player functionality to your lock screen.
> 1 votes

# Answer
On my LG:

1. Settings-General-Apps & Notifications-Notifications-Lock Screen-Show All Notifications
2. Settings-General-Apps & Notifications-Notifications-Apps-Music-Categories-Medium (low setting will not work)
> 1 votes

# Answer
On your Andriod phone, when you can't see the music playing, on the lock screen. All you need to do is go to your phone settings and enter 'Apps & Notification' click on the music app, tap on the data usage and then clear your cache.."IT'S DONE"... That's all you need to do. It's pretty simple right?

But you should only do this if you don't care about your playlists anymore, cause as you clear your cache it removes all the playlists you've created from your music app and then your songs will start showing on the lock screen again.

NOTE: please do not clear your data usage, ONLY CLEAR YOUR CACHE because you may lose all your songs.
> 0 votes

# Answer
Tap and hold on the app until you see the 2 section dropbox. It should say/show APPS and WIDGETS. Tap on widgets. You should be seeing the Amazon Music widget. Tap and hold on the screen. You will be able to drag the Amazon control app onto your screen and yes, it does work on locked screens.
> 0 votes

---
Tags: lock-screens, music-player
---


title: How to edit 'etc/hosts' file?

text:
# Question
Title: How to edit 'etc/hosts' file?
I'm using Nexus 5 on Android 4.4. Kitkat. I would like to edit `/etc/hosts` file and add redirect mappings in order to block few ads.

I need to know how to access/modify/replace `/etc/hosts` file.

---

I have already checked below similar Q/A:

# Answer
This is actually a compilation of answers and my own expirience.

So, get/install a copy of ADB, then type

```
adb devices -l # make sure your gadget is listed
adb shell # run a shell there
su # become the root (don't miss confirmation request!)
mount -o rw,remount /system # allow to write
vi /system/etc/hosts ## edit the file in place - do what you whant, then <ESC>:wq ##
mount -o ro,remount /system # get things back to normal
exit # unroot
nslookup YourBlockedAdSite.Net # check if it works
exit # good bye

```

You're done.

* Things after `#` are comments and may be omited from your input. If you cut'n'paste them, it should be safe enough too.
* It's supposed you have root access on your device (or the `su` wont work). Actually, you'll be unable to edit the file if you have no root anyway.
* It's supposed you have a busybox installed (otherwise you may miss things like `vi` and `nslookup`). Well, you may still try to play with `adb pull`/`adb push` then.
* It's quite common the `adb remount` fails to work and this is a workaround.

+ **Note:** When you run `su` in the shell, you may be asked ***on your gadget*** to confirm!
> 45 votes

# Answer
Note : ***In-order to edit hosts file your device should be rooted***

You can edit etc/hosts file using ES File Explorer or any File explorers with root access.

**OR**

Check this method
> 17 votes

# Answer
**Root needed**

Use FTPServer app to explore files via PC/Mac. Just copy out `/system/etc/hosts` edit it on your PC and copy and paste the `hosts` file to the same dictionary on your phone.
> 0 votes

# Answer
save the contents of hosts blacklist into file called "hosts" \[no extension at end\]

copy it to internal storage on the phone

then via cmd:

```
adb shell
su
cp /storage/emulated/0/hosts /system/etc/
exit

```

DONE, reboot phone
> -1 votes

---
Tags: hosts
---


# Question
Title: Something is filtering blue light and I can't figure out how to stop it
I just got a Samsung Galaxy S9 last week and since day 1 it has been applying a blue light filter even though I turned blue light filter off in the settings (Blue Light Filter turned off and also schedule turned off under Settings/Display/Blue light filter).

The blue light filter's behavior is strange. The filter turns on around 6:56 every evening and turns off around 5:56 in the morning. Sometimes when I unlock my phone the filter isn't applied and a split second later I see it get applied. Even less often I see it applied in blocks quickly filling the screen. If I turn blue light filtering on in Display settings, the affect is additive.

When I got the phone all of the applications from my previous phone, a OnePlus 3, were installed, so I supposed it could have been one of those. I went into application permissions and turned off overlay permission (Settings/Apps/Special Access/Apps that can appear on top) to everything I thought might be affecting the screen color.

What else can I look into? Is there a way to check every process that's running to see what is changing the screen color?

# Answer
> 4 votes
So I did a bit of digging and found two related threads describing your problem:

**User Friendly Solution**

As you've described you had transferred over your settings from a different device and the 'Night Light' settings were hidden by the Samsung software.

The most user friendly way is from Reddit:

PSA: Night Light and Blue Light Filter Overlap

where the solution is use Nova Launcher and to create a Night Light shortcut from Nova Launcher:

> Easy fix is through Nova Launcher / Activities. Press somewhere on the home screen so you can select widgets. From there select Activities\>Settings\>Night Light. Open Night Light from your home screen and turn it off - and the scheduling, too, of course... Unless you'd rather use Night Light.

Reddit author made a video for visual aid: https://youtu.be/J9J1B2Q8Eu4

**Alternate ADB solution**

In my research I also found a different way, and while it didn't help you perhaps it may help someone else:

Weird Night Mode type issue

The XDA one lists `adb` commands to try:

Using `adb` to list out device settings

```
adb shell 'settings list secure

```

and then attempting to clear the appropriate ones:

```
adb shell 'settings put secure night_display_activated 0'

adb shell 'settings put secure night_display_auto_mode 0'

```

# Answer
> 0 votes
I landed on this question + answer for a similar problem on a Motorola Moto G6 instead of a Samsung: the screen takes a slightly red-ish tint in the evening until the morning.

For the Motorola phone, there is an independent set of screen settings which includes a night mode (it's a blue screen filter with a schedule, not a black and white mode).

To access it, open the "Moto" application, head to "Features" ("Fonctionnalités" en français), expand the "Moto Screen" settings ("Écran Moto" en français), then enable, disable or configure the "Night screen" (Écran nuit" en français).

---
Tags: applications, screen-brightness, samsung-galaxy-s-9
---


# Question
Title: Android Chrome shortcuts are grayed out after transfer with "Smart Switch". How come?
I recently bought a new phone and tried to transfer all my stuff from the old phone using Samsung's "Smart Switch" (both phones are identical Samsung S9s, Android V10). It basically worked, but all my Chrome shortcuts on the new phone are now grayed out and don't work. When I click on one, I get the message "App version downgraded or isn't compatible with this shortcut". I did a thorough search on SO and Google with no joy.
**Any ideas on what's wrong or how to fix it?**

Notes:

* If I add a *new* shorcut, it works fine.
* I don't want to re-create them all because I have a LOT of them.

# Answer
> 1 votes
I noticed that the Chrome version on my new phone was *older* than the old phone. After many failed attempts, I was able to update Chrome to the latest version from the Play Store. Voila! The shortcuts now work.

---
Tags: applications, chrome-for-android, home-screen-shortcuts
---


# Question
Title: Received Contact via WhatsApp is stored in Phone - How to move it to Google without losing the image
For some time now I'm experiencing the following issue: When someone sends me a contact via WhatsApp it is stored in my phone and not my Google address book.

How can I move this thing to Google or configure WhatsApp to save it to Google? When I use the \*.vcf export I get mail and phone number but the image is lost somewhere in Nirvana...

Any ideas what I can do?

Thanks!

# Answer
Depending on what phone you have, you can try to hit the edit button on the contact, then tap phone contact, and choose the google account. In my test, it saved the picture.

-Adam
> 0 votes

# Answer
you can do it in lot of ways the easiest way is to export your contacts to storage and import vcard file from contacts.google.com another one is if you need one or two contact then note down phone number and delete the contact and create a new contact save it in google hope this will help..
> 0 votes

---
Tags: contacts, google-account, whatsapp-messenger
---


# Question
Title: Phone keeps going into Fastboot after water damage
My rooted Xiaomi Mi 5s plus refuses to boot into the system after I dropped it in water. I can boot it into TWRP recovery, and all of my files are still there, so I don't think that any files are damaged.

After it was damaged I quickly shut it off and when I turned it back on it simply refused to boot into the OS.

Any idea of what might be causing this?

# Answer
> 0 votes
Volume button is short-circuited, let it dry for few weeks. meanwhile you can boot phone with `fastboot continue`

# Answer
> 0 votes
volume button or PCB area that connected with volume button Flex or sorrounding components, it is depend on damage caused by water leakage and carbon, need to service or clean the part very soon,

---
Tags: water-damage
---


# Question
Title: Does Android keep a log of when it boots?
I'm making a parental control/accountability app for Android. It consists of a monitoring service that runs in the background and starts when the phone is booted.

Unfortunately, I have found that when Android is started in "Safe Mode", services are not started automatically, and because of this, my app has a serious flaw. While in safe mode, the web and other apps can be started without my monitoring service running.

I thought that if it isn't possible to monitor app activity while in safe mode, maybe I could at least have a way to detect if the phone was previously in safe mode.

Does Android keep any log of this? Or any boot log in general? I'm very open to suggestions and alternatives.

# Answer
I think you have caught yourself out, in short, nothing you can do!

Have a look at this source that explains why, specifically in this section:

> ### System Partition and Safe Mode
>
> The system partition contains Android's kernel as well as the operating system libraries, application runtime, application framework, and applications. This partition is set to read-only. When a user boots the device into Safe Mode, third-party applications may be launched manually by the device owner but are not launched by default.

Keywords is *third-party applications \[...\] are not launched by default*.

---

When Android boots up, it keeps a cache of the `logcat`, in a temporary buffer that is reserved found in `/dev/log`. That buffer gets recycled when it hits the threshold, obviously, the bigger the threshold, the slower Android gets with the continual spamming into the logcat buffer hence kept to minimum - IIRC, its around 64K:

```
#define DEFAULT_LOG_ROTATE_SIZE_KBYTES 16
#define DEFAULT_MAX_ROTATED_LOGS 4

```

**Source:** `system/core/logcat/logcat.cpp`

Do not ask how many lines that can be, as to each and to every app, it's different. Not alone that, the logcat disappears upon reboot!
> 13 votes

# Answer
The only method I'm aware of that contains a log produced by the system after a reboot is `/proc/last_kmsg`. Whether or not the kernel keeps this log file after a reboot depends on the settings provided during kernel compilation.

My experience has shown that some stock devices (HTC) have this logging enabled and others do not. I haven't seen a consistent pattern.
> 6 votes

# Answer
If you're rooted, I would just open Termux and do:

```
sudo cat /proc/bootloader_log | less

```

Or you could use the app "LiveBoot" and it will show you all your boot processes every time you turn your phone on.
> 0 votes

---
Tags: boot, logging
---


# Question
Title: Running a web app full screen on Fire HD 10 tablet
I have a Fire HD 10 tablet that I recently purchased. I want to run a web app on it in full-screen mode (this web app, if you're curious), so that neither the system UI (notifications bar and navigation bar) or the browser UI (address bar) are visible. What Android app can I use for this?

# Answer
> 0 votes
Since I control the web app in this case, I was able to add a button that calls `document.body.requestFullscreen`, which works in Chromium, Firefox, and the stock browser (Silk Browser).

It would still be good to get an answer for the case where you can't control the web app.

---
Tags: browser
---


title: How to re-lock Android bootloader?

text:
# Question
Title: How to re-lock Android bootloader?
I've unlocked my Nexus 5 by using CF-Auto-Root. I want to undo my actions and return the device to its original state: unrooted and locked.

How can I do this?

# Answer
You'll need to use `fastboot`, which is provided in the CF-Auto-Root zip file, and also available standalone and packaged with lots of other software. It's part of the Android SDK Tools / Platform Tools, which can be installed on Windows, OSX, or Linux.

**Note:** If you've installed a custom ROM or kernel on top of rooting, you'll want to flash the necessary stock versions from the Nexus 5 stock image with fastboot or possibly through TWRP/ClockWorkMod Recovery.

**In order to re-lock the bootloader:**

1. Reboot your phone to Bootloader Mode
2. Connect the USB Cable to your computer.
3. Open a Command Prompt (Terminal on Linux or OSX)
4. Navigate to the `platform-tools` directory inside the unzipped CF-Auto-Root directory.
5. Use the following command, depending on your OS.

* Linux: `./fastboot-linux oem lock`
    * OSX: `./fastboot-mac oem lock`
    * Windows: `fastboot-windows.exe oem lock`
> 19 votes

# Answer
On a rooted device, you can use BootUnlocker to re-lock the bootloader without using fastboot. You can also use it to *unlock* the bootloader again *without* wiping data. I use it to keep my bootloader locked most of the time, but unlock it prior to installing a system update or doing anything else that might require re-rooting via fastboot flash.
> 3 votes

# Answer
You can now do it direct online with Google via PC/Mac. https://flash.android.com/welcome
> 0 votes

# Answer
First of all there is no need to relock bootloader on a Nexus device as their specialty is that they have a unlocked bootloader by default. So maybe u can talk about unrooting.

Refer here : http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google\_Nexus
> -6 votes

---
Tags: unrooting, bootloader-lock
---


title: Remove apps from Samsung Knox

text:
# Question
Title: Remove apps from Samsung Knox
I have a Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge 32GB. Recently I found out that out of the 32GB, at least 8GB is being used by apps inside Samsung Knox. Not Knox itself, but apps inside it.

I'd like to keep Knox for its features if my phone gets stolen, but I won't actively be using the apps within.

How can I delete apps like WhatsApp from Knox?

# Answer
> 1 votes
Actually, WhatsApp is a system app in the main system and not in Knox. However, when you allow it to be copied to Knox, it will be a system app also in Knox.

When I tried to remove it from Knox, it removed itself from the main system also and defaulted to the preinstalled on the main and on the Knox.

# Answer
> 0 votes
1. Open **Knox**
2. Go to **MyKnox Settings**
3. Scroll down to **Application manager**
4. Touch the app you want to uninstall
5. Tap on Uninstall

Note: System apps can't be uninstalled, but you can disable them.

---

WhatsApp can be uninstalled

MS Word can't be uninstalled

# Answer
> 0 votes
For uninstalling apps in My Knox, you can go to My Knox settings and uninstall from the application manager.

---

I prefer using the original Knox pre-installed on our phones. It is more secure than "My Knox" from Play Store. Both are by Samsung, but with pre-installed Knox, you cannot use third-party apps which makes it more secure; with the latter one, other apps installed inside your Knox container can still access your files in your Knox container.

Still, the choice is up to you... (I am a Samsung Note user)

# Answer
> 0 votes
You could use an Android debugger even if you think you couldn't. No root required.

1. Unlock developer mode on your phone

(i) Settings \> About your phone \> About your Software \> Build number - tap it 7 times
2. Allow USB debug on the phone

{} Developer mode \> Debug \> USB Debug (toggle)
3. Install "App Inspector" from Google Play to get package names for undesirable apps (Touch name with icon -\> Package name)
4. Connect your phone to PC in "only charge" mode, allow debug
5. Install Android Debug Bridge

For Linux OS, this is most likely `sudo apt-get install adb` , there are Windows packages as well. You also could connect Android to Android instead of PC and use the ADB OTG Android app from Google Play on an auxiliary device (Android Debug Bridge On The Go)
6. **Figure out user ID for Knox folder**

```
admin@admin:~(10/18/21 13:07:24)$ adb shell
1|star2lte:/ $ pm list users
Users:
    UserInfo{0:Взрывоопасный Поцык:13} running
    UserInfo{150:Secure Folder:50020030} running

```

`--user 0` is a default user, and `pm list users` allows you to find out Knox user number. Probably you should keep Knox folder unlocked.
7. Slaughter the bloatware

```
star2lte:/ $ pm uninstall -k --user 150 com.google.android.apps.tachyon
Success
star2lte:/ $ pm uninstall -k --user 150 com.samsung.android.bixby.agent.dummy
Success
star2lte:/ $ pm uninstall -k --user 150 com.android.chrome
Success
star2lte:/ $ pm uninstall -k --user 150 com.samsung.clipboardsaveservice
Success
star2lte:/ $ pm uninstall -k --user 150 com.microsoft.office.excel
Success
star2lte:/ $ pm uninstall -k --user 150 com.facebook.services
Success
star2lte:/ $ pm uninstall -k --user 150 com.facebook.system
Success
star2lte:/ $ pm uninstall -k --user 150 com.facebook.appmanager
Success
star2lte:/ $ pm uninstall -k --user 150 com.microsoft.office.word
Success
star2lte:/ $ pm uninstall -k --user 150 com.microsoft.office.powerpoint
Success
star2lte:/ $ pm uninstall -k --user 150 com.samsung.android.bixby.service
Success
star2lte:/ $ pm uninstall -k --user 150 com.samsung.android.kidsinstaller
Success

```

Just don't cut anything sufficient

# Answer
> -1 votes
1. Open Knox
2. Go to Settings
3. Go to Applications
4. Uninstall the app like any other
5. It will unistall only on Knox

---
Tags: applications, samsung, samsung-knox
---


title: How to store photos only in SD card

text:
# Question
Title: How to store photos only in SD card
I store some photos on albums that is stored in SD card, however when I take new photos the photos are stored on a new album that has both SD card and camera symbols. I guess it is stored on both device and SD card. How can I ensure that newly taken photos are stored only on the SD card on an album without the camera symbol?

# Answer
> 1 votes
Your guess is erroneous. Camera symbol means that it's an album of pictures made with phone camera (and not screenshots or downloaded pictures or pictures of some other app). SD-Card symbol means the pictures are stored on the sd-card.

You can always see where a picture is stored in picture details/properties.

---
Tags: sd-card, photos
---


# Question
Title: My touchscreen does not work, need a way to remote control phone
My touch screen on my LG GT540 gone totally unresponsive. I would like to do some final things on the phone, before recycling it. It is a rooted, runs 2.3 cyanogenmod, has usb debug switched on. Is there an app, which can control it via USB?

Please note, that all solutions, that needs even a touch on the screen won't work. And I guess I have to unlock the phone (not a security lock).

thanks

# Answer
Is this what you are looking for \[paid app\]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.vmlite.vncserver&hl=en

However, if you are willing to go through a lengthy process \[but free\], you can follow the tutorial here to access your phone via PC.
> 3 votes

# Answer
Give androidscreencast a try. You may already need to have USB Debugging enabled for it to work, but you've said you already have that enabled, so should be ok. It just needs a USB connection to the phone and goes over the ADB protocol.
> 4 votes

# Answer
Use a USB-OTG cable to connect a mouse. You can even make your own by cutting and soldering a microUSB cable to the female end of a USB extension cable.
> 1 votes

# Answer
Scrcpy is awesome! It uses adb directly for backend and it doesn't block those remote screen restricted apps too. And since it's adb. You can remote control via same network wirelessly.

For linux users. It's available on most of package managers.
> 0 votes

---
Tags: touchscreen, remote-control
---


# Question
Title: Keep YouTube Vanced playing in the background when closing the mini-player
I'm using YouTube Vanced. When I close the picture-in-picture by tapping the "×" of the mini-player, the video stops and I have to click the play button in notifications to continue playing it in the background.

How can I make the video automatically continue seamlessly in the background?

**Environment**

* Android version: 9
* YouTube Vanced version: 16.29.39-Builds-01.54.00

# Answer
> 2 votes
Change **Settings** -\> **Background & Downloads** -\> **Playback** to **Always On**.

Then, while watching, it will just not stop when switching apps or returning to the home screen.

If Picture-in-Picture is on it will switch to the mini player, but tapping the mini player and then pressing the headphone symbol will switch to background/audio-only mode.

Tapping the X from PiP/mini player will always stop the video, even with these settings done properly.

---
Tags: youtube
---


title: Lock screen and take a photo by button

text:
# Question
Title: Lock screen and take a photo by button
I bought a waterproof case when I put my mobile phone in and put it under water, so the water pressure will cause other applications or some settings to switch on the screen and I can not take a photo. When I use the "touch lock" application, the camera does not work on the button again, again the button is used to control the volume. Is there an application that locks the screen but lets me take a picture using the button?

# Answer
I was going to suggest looking into dive.plus...the community there could also give you some great additional tips. The app is very good with all aspects of underwater photography. The app is known also as Dive+ and is available widely.
> 1 votes

---
Tags: camera
---


title: My phone is not entering fastboot mode

text:
# Question
Title: My phone is not entering fastboot mode
I just want to check whether bootloader is locked or unlocked. I am using **Minimal ADB and Fastboot** which I downloaded from here. I am following instructions to check bootloader from this website. Everything is fine until I enter into Fastboot mode on my phone. (I enabled USB Debugging and revoked usb debugging authorization in Developer Options). I can see my device after running `adb devices` in cmd. But when I run `adb reboot bootloader` command, it just reboots in normal mode. It doesn't enter to fastboot mode. I aslo tried `adb reboot fastboot` but it also didn't work. That means when I type `fastboot devices`, I don't see anything.

What should I do to enter Fastboot mode so that I can run `fastboot oem device-info` to see my bootloader information?

Note: My phone is Oppo F11 and it is running Android 11. I am not familiar with adb commands.

# Answer
Oppo F11 has non-unlockable bootloader, fastboot is disabled intentionally. You can root with bootless-root method only, but carefully read instructions especially respect all warnings
> 0 votes

---
Tags: adb, fastboot, bootloader
---


# Question
Title: Sideloaded Wear Os App On Device But Can't Launch It
I am trying to gift my watch to my 10 yr old. However, google doesn't allow kids to install the wear os app, so I am trying to hack around it. I have installed it successfully to the device (pixel 3 running android 11) using adb install, and I can see it in the settings app list. However, I cannot find any way to add it to the app drawer or launch it. Any ideas?

Thanks

# Answer
> 0 votes
Isn't it easier to just edit your son's birth date in his Google account? https://myaccount.google.com/personal-info

---
Tags: adb, side-loading, android-wear, google-family-link
---


# Question
Title: International area codes suddenly appearing in front of my contacts in "Messages" app
The other day I noticed that the international area prefix "+54 9" had started appearing in front of about half of my contacts in Android's native Messenger app. I can still send and receive messages from those contacts (verified with my wife's phone). But it's still annoying, and I worry that I'm getting charged extra by my phone company. When I go into my contacts and try to edit the numbers, the prefix is no longer there, but it shows up again the next time I add them to a texting thread. Has anybody ever experienced this?

# Answer
> 0 votes
It turns out there's a country setting under ⋮ -\> Settings -\> Your current country. Somehow my country had been switched to Argentina. Posting this here because I came up empty after spending 20 minutes of searching on Google. Hopefully this can help someone else.

---
Tags: google-messages, international-prefix
---


# Question
Title: How can I edit the URL of a home screen bookmark?
I want to have a bookmark shortcut on my Home screen to launch a web app I use regularly. The only way I found to achieve this is using the **Add to Home screen** from the Chrome browser menu when I'm on the site. However, this does not let me edit the actual URL the bookmark will point to.

This is a problem because said web app automatically appends the current date to the end of the URL when it's loaded. When I add the shortcut to the Home screen, the link will then actually open the app to display data from the day on which I created the shortcut. I'll always have to open the date picker and navigate to the current date to start using the app.

I'd like to edit the Home screen bookmark shortcut's URL to remove the date added to its end, so it always opens to the current day. Can I achieve this without third-party software?

I'm using an unrooted Sony Xperia Z5 Compact running Android 6.0.1.

* Some sources say to create a standard bookmark in Chrome, where the URL can be edited, then long-press it in the bookmarks manager and choose to add it to the home screen from the context menu. This context menu entry does not appear to exist anymore in current versions of Chrome.
* Some sources say to look for a Bookmarks widget that allows to choose a Chrome bookmark to display. This widget doesn't appear to exist anymore in Android 6. The only bookmarks widget I have displays the entire bookmarks folder.
* The website in question loads too quickly for me to be able to cancel before the URL is modified. I tried many times.

# Answer
I havent been able to find an intuitive way to modify a desktop shortcut's URL, but I have found a workaround for the problem.

* Put your phone in airplane mode and disable WiFi to turn off all internet access
* Open the Chrome browser
* Type in the URL you are trying to set a shortcut for
* Press enter and the browser will alert you that you are currently in an offline status
* On Chrome, click the settings (hamburger) button
* select add to desktop

You will now have a shortcut on your desktop that refelcts the URL that you have just entered into Chrome
Turn off airplane mode and you're golden.
This applies to Android Marshmallow 6.x as well as Nougat 7.x. It may also apply to older versions as well
> 50 votes

# Answer
Inspired by the airplane mode by @axelderhund, the following is my way.

## Add any URL you like to home screen

Turn on airplane mode, type in your desired URL in your browser, and add to home screen.

In this way no redirection happens and the url is intact.

## Check (original) URL of a home screen bookmark

Turn on airplane mode, which prevents redirection. Then connect your phone with your computer via a USB cable. Run browser on the computer and turn on USB debugging. The USB debugging page shows the URL of opened pages on your phone.
> 3 votes

# Answer
Okay, this was my solution for Firefox haha:

Search online for a link shortener. (Edit: The one I linked previously is no longer active.)

Use it to create a link, then press and hold on the link to open a drop down and create a bookmark from that. Then, you can press and hold that bookmark and click "Add Page Shortcut".

---

Now that I did this, I think another solution would be to bookmark the wrong URL and then just edit the bookmark and repeat the "Add Page Shortcut" action above.
> 1 votes

---
Tags: 6.0-marshmallow, chrome-for-android, home-screen-shortcuts, home-screen, bookmarks
---


# Question
Title: What does the "Blocking temporarily off" Phone notification mean?
After calling an emergency number, I received a notification from the "Phone" app on my Android device that states:

> Blocking temporarily off
> Blocking is turned off after you dial or text an emergency number

Not to be dense or pedantic, but there's no noun there: the blocking of *what*, specifically, is turned off? Is it the blocking of calls, maybe? Is it disabling the blocking of caller-ID numbers on my side or their side (or both)?

In other words, what is the normal behavior in the Phone app being altered (i.e. what would I, or someone else, otherwise have been able to "block")?

# Answer
This is about **blocking receiving calls**.

Apparently, this behavior has been observed since 2016. An article on Android Police provided an introduction about this behavior.

> Apparently if you call an emergency number from your Android device, you can't block calls for the next 48 hours.
>
> We don't know why this is the case, though we imagine it may be to prevent you from blocking your local police department or other emergency personnel.
>
> The notification appears at the top of the Call Blocking screen. It does not provide a rationale, nor is this all that happens after you call for help. \[...\]

---

Google Fi Help also mentioned about this behavior.

> **Call blocking and emergency services (911)**
>
> If you make an emergency call, Google Fi will turn off all number blocking for a 2-hour period to make sure that 911 operators can call you back if needed.
>
> To turn off number blocking temporarily, Google Fi sends a data message, and in some cases a text message, to our servers to let us know an emergency call was made from your device.
> 2 votes

---
Tags: notifications, phone-app
---


# Question
Title: What is the correct download address for SP Flash Tool?
So far, all the download addresses I can find are from third parties, does MediaTek officially offer downloads?

# Answer
Unfortunately, there is no official download source for SP Flash Tool, as Mediatek never released for consumer.
> 0 votes

---
Tags: flashtool, mediatek
---


title: no option to add an APN

text:
# Question
Title: no option to add an APN
I brought a new phone recently (Blackview A60 Pro) and while calls and texts work fine, I can't access the internet. I spoke to my network provider (Talkmobile) who said that I need to add an APN.

However, for some reason, the option to add one is missing from my phone. There is no + sign and the 3 dots doesn't bring up an option to add an APN. The current APNs can't be edited as well. I've attached screenshots as well.

I downloaded myAPN but it didn't work on my phone and I'm not sure what else to do. Would really appreciate any help with this as I'm quite stuck and have tried everything.

.

# Answer
> 0 votes
Have had the same problem. Thought it was the Blackview (A80 Pro) but when tried a different network's sim it worked perfectly. The APN's should get populated when the network is selected. In my case TalkMobile it did not populate the APN's. Put an EE sim in and it worked instantly. Have ordered a new sim so we shall see.

# Answer
> 0 votes
just saw this post whilst searching for an answer to the same problem with an A80pro, i now appear to have cured my problem with internet access and don't know whether yours maybe similiar but having tried everything i could think of including attempting to change the APN settings which was impossible I discovered that by swiping down from the top of the screen several icons appeared including one for mobile data and one for wifi. by turning off the wifi one and ensuring that the mobile data one was on everything suddenly worked! I hasten to add that i was unaware of this screen but that i had ensured that the mobile data option and the data roaming option in the settings menu were turned on, why on earth there are 2 options re mobile data God only knows as to me it doesnt make sense but if anyone knows a good reason i'd be pleased to hearit!

---
Tags: settings, 9.0-pie, apn
---


# Question
Title: How to tell if you are part of a group text message
When being texted by another Android user, is there some way to determine whether you are part of a group text or being contacted individually?

# Answer
> 0 votes
Sometimes, when I send the same text to multiple people, if they are in a group chat on their iPhone and add me, then I can see who is texting who (or at least the numbers of the people). If I'm holding a group chat in Google Hangouts I can see the people as well. Otherwise.... There is not way to tell.

# Answer
> 0 votes
Only way I found is by holding down on message and clicking DETAILS then it shows the list of people message went to. Another giveaway is if the message says REPLY ALL.

# Answer
> 0 votes
Press and hold the text message you received. A menu will come up with view details at the bottom of the list. Press on view details, it will show you everything about the text.

---
Tags: sms
---


# Question
Title: How can I disable locations in Android 11(API 30) using adb shell command
The following commands do not disable location services on API 30. Although they do work on other API levels.

```
adb shell settings put secure location_providers_allowed -gps
adb shell settings put secure location_providers_allowed -network

```

They do not throw any error message, but they do not turn off the location services either.

# Answer
On Android 11 -

to enable, I use:

```
adb shell settings put secure location_mode 3

```

and to disable, use:

```
adb shell settings put secure location_mode 0

```
> 0 votes

---
Tags: adb, shell, android-11
---


title: Whatsapp Chat Backup

text:
# Question
Title: Whatsapp Chat Backup
I have got new phone and in that I have lost my whatsapp chat backup as i have skipped to restore and the last backup has been overwriiten by new backup. Is there nay way I can get last backup in my new phone without having old phone

# Answer
> 1 votes
You already answered your question yourself. Last backup has been overwritten by new backup. There is no way to get last backup without having old phone.

Local WhatsApp backup is located Internal Storage

```
/storage/emulated/0/WhatsApp
/storage/emulated/0/Android/media/com.whatsapp/Whatsapp

```
* transfer whole directory to new phone
* install WhatsApp (or clear app data)
* restore local backup on initial setup

---
Tags: backup, whatsapp-messenger, chat
---


# Question
Title: How does Android detect USB connectivity?
I'm going to put a tablet in my car to accommodate my many desired functions. Of these functions is a backup camera. I plan on using a Logitech webcam that I had around for the camera. The webcam uses USB, so I was going to get an OTG Y adapter so that I could charge the tablet and get data from the camera to the tablet at the same time. This would require a Kernel Update, but that's already lined up.

I plan on wiring the power for the webcam into the reverse light wire (either using a relay or a DC-DC converter), and then wiring the data cables to the front of the car to the tablet. This way, the camera would turn on only when the car was in reverse, and then I would have Tasker launch a video viewing app once it detected that the USB had been plugged in, which would be initiated by the webcam receiving power and sending data.

This is based off of the assumption that Android recognizes a USB device being "plugged in" as the transfer of data being initiated, **or** power transfer being initiated.

What I want to know is, which one is it? **Is USB detected by whether or not power can flow from the host to the client, or whether or not the tablet is receiving data?** Because the tablet would only be doing the latter, and power of the webcam would be completely separate of the tablet.

I suppose I could test this, but I wanted to check here first before I murdered several USB cables in the process.

# Answer
> 1 votes
*From OP's own edit to the question,*

---

The short version: The Android device does detect a USB device based on power and data flow, but my experimentation did not conclusively prove this.

The long version: To start, I soldered in an automotive relay into the wire for the webcam. If you don't know, this now switched circuit would be dependent on whether or not another circuit going into the relay was hot or not. First, I plugged the webcam with the relay into the tablet just using an OTG cable. Using Tasker to detect when USB was plugged in and open an app, I got nothing. I looked in settings, and, on the custom ROM I have installed (Timur's Nexus 7 USB Host ROM), it said that the tablet was in USB host mode, and that it was powering the slave device. Obviously, this implies that the USB device had been detected, but no data had been transmitted, since the camera itself was still off, or at least not receiving enough power. Interestingly, when I completed the control circuit on the relay, thus allowing power to the camera, still nothing happened. It was sort of in this limbo state between being detected and actually being able to be detected by Tasker. **The conclusion that can be drawn from this is that true USB detection relies on data transfer, and since data transfer will require the device to be powered, power transfer as well.**

As an interesting note, the ROM give me the ability to prevent the tablet from powering the slave device. In this case, I plugged the camera into a POWERED USB hub, and plugged the hub into the tablet, which was also being powered by a charging cable with this OTG Y Cable. In this case, when everything was hooked up, and I activated the control circuit on the relay, tasker immediately recognized that something was plugged in and launched the app.

This wasn't exactly a scientific study or anything, but based on the qualitative data gathered, it seems that true USB connectivity relies both on data and Power.

# Answer
> 0 votes
Interesting question and do post your answer with your findings (yes, answering your own question is encouraged)

---
Tags: usb-connection-mode, usb-on-the-go
---


# Question
Title: How to install Xposed framework on Android 12? What about safety net?
Further to these questions:

**How does one install Xposed framework on Android 12?**

**Notes:**

1. This is a self answered question for the *fourth year* on this subject! Edxposed is still in beta and Android 12 is recently released, so there would be many changes to this answer in future. Since I do not intend to update this answer with developments, others are welcome to add and modify - sadly, in the previous three questions, there hasn't been a single edit barring mine :( , so this may help the diminishing breed of Xposed module enthusiasts.
2. Answer is generic in nature and for issues relating to installation / modules you are better off asking in respective device/module threads in XDA.

Moderators are welcome to make this a community wiki if warranted.

# Answer
> 5 votes
This answer is valid on the day of posting and it is *very unlikely* I would be updating it. Please feel free to edit this or add a separate answer

---

Firstly, was the way in recent years.However,developers never provided adequate documentation and the Telegram channels are mostly in Chinese making it difficult to understand. Anecdotally, there have been differences in the team members (core Riru module and Yahfa/Sandhook drivers are developed separately), vouched for by developers on XDA. To make things worse,differences have reached a stage wherein the latest Riru module is incompatible with drivers and users are advised *not* to update. Driver developers termed this *irresponsible change of Riru*.

Secondly, the drivers have also not been updated to support Android 12.

**Lsposed**

Given these, the alternative was , which again anecdotally is developed by break-away members of the Edxposed team. There is an XDA thread maintained by a user.

I had tried Lsposed earlier but didn't like it

* because of their design wherein you need to deliberately select each and every app that you want an xposed module to hook into.Same logic applies for system components. Repeat this for every app/module you install(there is an automation workaround though)
* Another difficulty is that unless the module developer specifies what system components are to enabled, it is a guessing game with unpredictable results.The developers however, consider this their core philosophy. Conversely, because of this , system lag is reduced.

**Installation**

* After rooting device with magisk, install latest/compatible Riru Core module from github or magisk repo (v26.1.3, in this case).
* Install the latest.compatible lsposed module from github (v1.6.2, in this case).
* Once you install lsposed , it creates a shortcut on your launcher to manage module installation. It has a module repo too (beta). This manager is called *parasitic manager*, since the app is hidden in the app drawer to prevent detection but you get a regular app shortcut on your home screen. If you choose to install from the built-in repo, you are saved the bother of figuring out what system components need to be hooked.

Setting it up was a breeze and the easiest xposed framework installation for me over last 7 years.

XPrivacy Lua works, so does XPosed Edge Pro. Though these modules haven't been updated yet for Android 12, they work to the extent I need.

**Safety Net**

As explained in Magisk will fail Safety-Net hereafter. Why?, safety net bypass is increasingly tough or impossible with recent devices. I wasn't keen to have the safety net status green since I don't use apps that demand this. However, one banking app refused to work as it detected root,despite enabling it in magisk hide. Since I wanted to have that app running , this is how I could pass safety net. YMMV may vary.

* Installed this Magisk module \[XPosed\]DevOptsHide (Hide developer options)\[ROOT\] which claims to hide root and also hide developer option status. It didn't help me with this banking app.
* Universal SafetyNet Fix Magisk module did the trick and I was able to pass safety net check and get the banking app running. It is interesting to learn how it works (for details see the linked page)

+ It prevents hardware based safety net detection and forces basic attestation which is easier to fool.
    + Google knows which devices support hardware detection so it presents device as a *different device* by *appending a space character to the device model name*

With magisk set to drop magisk hide feature with future upgrades, fooling safety net detection is going to be tougher if not impossible.

---
Tags: magisk, google-pixel-4a, safety-net, android-12, lsposed
---


# Question
Title: Bootloop - can get to Fastboot, but volume buttons just restart the phone
Pixel 3 XL - has worked like a champ for years, but just started bootlooping. If I hold vol down + power, I can get into fastboot. However, volume down and volume up buttons don't let me navigate. Either one of those just restarts the phone. I don't believe there is any physical issue with the volume buttons since they've always worked perfet. If I let the phone just sit in FASTBOOT mode, after about 5 seconds it restarts and starts looping again.

I needed a phone right away, so I found another used Pixel 3 XL, and I'm using that now. I'd love to get the old one booting again so I can sell it, or at the very least, ensure that I do a factory reset on it before bringing to a recycler.

Any ideas how I can get out of FASTBOOT mode or securely delete my data?

# Answer
I was able to get this phone working again by unplugging from the wall and letting it continue bootlooping until the battery was dead. I then let it sit for a day to ensure it had no power left. I then charged via USB on my PC (NOT A WALL CHARGER) until it was fully charged. I then powered it up and it seems to be working okay so far.
> 0 votes

---
Tags: recovery-mode, fastboot, boot-loop, google-pixel-3-xl
---


# Question
Title: I can enter recovery but not sideload, and fastboot does not recognize the device
I have a shieldtablet which was working fine, until I decided to encrypt the drive. The process completed, the device rebooted, and it's stuck in a reboot loop. Neither Linux/Windows recognize it when the USB is connected, and it's not listed/identified via the adb or fastboot utilities. I can enter TWRP recovery and the bootloader (nvboot), but it doesn't look like I can push any files to the tablet or flash.

edit: Fortunately the tablet accepts the sdcard, and it looks like I am able to install files via TWRP. I did attempt to format and install LineageOS 16 through it, but the issue remains (lineageos boot animation plays for 1-2 minutes, then the device reboots).

Potentially critical info: When I enter the bootloader, nvtboot versions shows a single glyph (garbage) character (although the bootloader reports version 4.00.2016.04-8b2413b7). Is it possible that the encryption broke the bootloader or some other important partition/data?

Do you have any ideas for further debugging so that I can salvage the tablet?

# Answer
"Format Data" via the TWRP recovery -\> Advanced Wipe -\> Reboot -\> Reinstalling LineageOS 16 seemed to do the trick, and the OS now loads.

(Interestingly, I still cannot identify the device via adb/fastboot, I wonder if the stock ROM will resolve that).
> 0 votes

---
Tags: adb, rom-flashing, fastboot, encryption
---


# Question
Title: How to upload multiple images at once to Google Drive?
I want to upload to Google Drive, all my image files that are within my gallery. At the moment I have to select the images one by one to do so.

Long pressing the images and the folders themselves does not open a context selection grid as it normally would.

I am using default gallery. I am also using the android 2.3.3 on an LG-P999-V21e.

# Answer
> 7 votes
Do not go to Google Drive directly.

1. Gallery
2. Select the files you want to Upload
3. Share (icon like Branch) -NOW you choose Google drive and folder... Click OK and you are in Business

# Answer
> 3 votes
Firstly, this is assuming you have ICS or higher (not sure if the Gallery works this way before then).

If you open an album, you should be able to long-press on a photo, and then at the top of the screen, where it says 1 selected, press that and you can say 'select all'.

Then upload them.

# Answer
> 1 votes
I have two alternative solutions for you.

# 1. Zip it

Make a zip archive (or RAR) of the multiple items you want to upload. Then upload only that file.

Zipping has the advantage of preserving LAST MODIFIED (folder uploads tend to not preserve that field)

# 2. Auto file sync tools

Alternatively, you may choose to use a 3rd party tool like FolderSync or Autosync to sync entire folders automatically and periodically in the background. This kind of gets you the usual Desktop backup behavior you might expect from Drive. Unfortunately the current version of their app won't do auto backups. Using FolderSync or Autosync will allow you to sync **entire folders easily** without having to tap-check each file you want to sync in the folder.

I **do not** recommend using the Drive app itself to upload multiple files at once (it gets very slow and heavy with 500+ items).

# Answer
> 0 votes
This works on my S4, there is a maximum upload of 500 files per xfer.

Do not go to Google Drive directly.

Gallery Select the files you want to Upload \[press "1 selected box" to select all files or FOLDERS \[DOES NOT UPLOAD FOLDERS...unfortunately\]. Share (icon like Branch) -NOW you choose Google drive and folder... Click OK and files will upload \[use WIFI for faster uploads\]

# Answer
> 0 votes
A simple way to get around the situation would be if you could use a microSD card. Just copy all the images into it and use it in a newer phone or pc/mac and upload the images to Google Drive / Photos.

# Answer
> 0 votes
I know the simplest way to upload multiplefiles to drive be it photos, your apps and their data, music's etc or whatever, is through your file manager. Say you want to upload all your apps, I use ES Explorer, I launch the app and select apps. Iong press on the apps I want to upload and tap share. From there I select save to Google drive. I am there directed to drive where I can edit the file names and change their location. That's all. This works too for folders even app data if only you know their directories

# Answer
> 0 votes
This might help: On my Samsung A52 I could only 'select all' from the Gallery app, not just a few. Instead, go to the Samsung app folder, find 'My Files', select 'images', hit the 3 dots at the top, select 'share', and now you can choose which files you want to share. As soon as you select an image, or more, the share icon will pop up. and then you can share wherever.

---
Tags: images, gallery, google-drive
---


title: TWRP: vendor partition is not existed

text:
# Question
Title: TWRP: vendor partition is not existed
I try to flash LineageOS on a OnePlus 5 (cheeseburger). I installed TWRP 3.3.0-0 from here. I repeatedly wiped the partitions.

What I cannot manage is to `adb sideload` LineageOS 16.0. I get this message:

```
Starting ADB sideload feature...
Installing zip file '/sideload/package.zip'
Error: Vendor partition doesn't exist!
Updater process ended with ERROR: 7

```

I have read here that I should install the latest stock ROM (from here), but that results in almost the same error message:

```
Starting ADB sideload feature...
Installing zip file '/sideload/package.zip'
vendor partition is not existed, exit ota!!
Updater process ended with ERROR: 7

```

How can I create/populate/fix that vendor partition?

# Answer
> 1 votes
OnePlus 5 didn't support project Treble out of the box, so there was no `/vendor` partition. However with update to Android P (as explained here), said partition was created to support Treble. If you didn't undergo that OTA update, you must haven't `/vendor` partition on your device.

You can also create the partition yourself from within TWRP if you are a bit tech savvy. `parted` or `gdisk` can be used for the purpose. But playing with partition table could be risky if you aren't sure what you are doing. You can see the partition table of your device in given link.

# Answer
> 1 votes
The `/vendor` partition was first introduced on OnePlus 5 with OxygenOS 5.1.4. You will first need to flash that image on your phone so that the proper partitions are created. This post on xda-developers forums has download links to older firmware.

I would recommend reverting to stock recovery image (download link in the same post), then flashing OOS 5.1.4, and finally trying again with latest versions of TWRP and LineageOS.

---
Tags: adb, twrp, lineageos, oneplus-5
---


# Question
Title: How can I configure the Google Stack application so that it only backs up when connected to a Wi-Fi network?
I don't see the option in the settings menu of the Google Stack Android application:

It has uploaded over 10 GB of content today via my 4G network and doesn't seem to stop.

I use Android 10 with Samsung Galaxy S9.

# Answer
This app isn't available in my country but I checked the reviews. 3 days ago this feature was requested by an user

Developers commented that this would be added in an update due shortly
> 1 votes

---
Tags: backup, google
---


# Question
Title: installing a language rom file for the same phone but a different build number
so i just want to install another language rom for my phone since it doesn't originally have it now i found several files for my phone but the one that is available for my phone with my build number is just for keyboard, which was already available officially the others however support both the interface and the keyboard what happens if i install the rom that is intended for, let's say J120HXXS0AQE1 on my phone which has the build id of J120HXXS0AQF1? because the difference is just for one syllable that's it will it be that bad? please respond shortly if it works thanks yall the phone model is samsung j1 2016 sm-j120h

# Answer
i did it becuase robert said that it'll be fine as long im not trying to meddle with too sensitive stuff such as hardware and whatnot. so it works as longas the change ain't too drastic
> 0 votes

---
Tags: custom-roms, 5.1-lollipop, languages
---


# Question
Title: How to restore screen to normal size after turning off the MIUI optimization?
My phone is Xiaomi Redmi Note 9, how can I restore the screen size of my phone after turning off the MIUI optimization even if I turned it back on? Before i have small screen size and small fonts 'coz it's what i prefer and now they got bigger. Please help i don't know what to do.

# Answer
> 0 votes
You need to go to Additional Settings \> Accessibility \> Vision \> Display (or simply search for Display size) and change that setting if you have it to on and off, for example I had it on XS but it showed bigger, so I put it on S, saved it, then put it back on XS and it's back as it used to be.

---
Tags: xiaomi, miui, developer-options, redmi, optimization
---


# Question
Title: Permanently disable one activity component
I have a banking app which was detecting root despite being hidden by Magisk.

I managed to hide root from that app but on analyzing that app I found an activity that is very conveniently named `DETECT MAGISK` with activity name `com.sbi.rc.DetectMagisk`

I want to know if I can disable only that activity so that the app cannot even make an attempt to detect root (I am not sure if the app would work or not with that activity disabled, but worth a shot)

Pixel 4a, Android 12,rooted

# Answer
The command to disable app's components is `pm disable <package>/<component>`.

So, I ran this command:

```
~$ pm disable com.sbi.SBIFreedomPlus/com.sbi.rc.DetectMagisk
Component {com.sbi.SBIFreedomPlus/com.sbi.rc.DetectMagisk} new state: disabled

```

It was successful. But, the app refused to launch. In hindsight, this should have been obvious as the app is designed to work only *after* detecting device is not rooted and if the check itself is disabled, it logically shouldn't work.
> 1 votes

---
Tags: applications, root-cloak
---


# Question
Title: How can I copy a file from an Android phone to a connected USB drive?
I have a USB harddrive connected to my Android 10 phone via USB C. How can I copy files from to phone to it?

When I go into the "Files" app, select a file and hit "Copy to...", it doesn't give me a choice of destination, it just sends it to the SD card. I can see the drive in the app and even create new folders in it and see its contents, I just can't copy anything to it. I've already tapped the "allow access to this drive" thing in the app.

# Answer
Disconnecting and reconnecting the drive fixed the problem.
> 0 votes

# Answer
Another suggestion: upgrade your file app experience. MixPlorer is my recommendation. Allows file connection from phone to everything, including cloud drives, local network, and all the folders on the phone (including system folders).
> 0 votes

---
Tags: files
---


# Question
Title: Remove FRP after Hard Reset Hyundai Tablet
This is my first post. I've a big problem. In my job, we've tablets **Hyundai Koral 10x2**, for any reason someone did a **hard reset** from `factory mode` and now we can't pass the screen **google account** 'cause the person what did the **hard reset forgot the mail & pass**. So, anyone know how can i remove `FRP`? I have not found anything on **youtube** or **google**

**Tablet Data** from **Android Recovery**:

```
Hyundai/Koral_10x2/HT10004X16
8.1.0/OPM6.171019.030.E1/101345

```

i can't use `adb commands`, from **sdcard** i can't install apps 'cause always shows error: **Signature verification failed. Error 21.**

any solution? please

**UPDATE**

Things what i do to solve the problem:

> > > 1st method: changing language to pyckknñ, insert new wifi network, long press in space key, press in green letter, click in green button, click in option with rigth row, click in three points (up|rith) press in second option, open in Switch, now in the video show a shared button this not see in my tablet (shared option is'nt visible like the video) if i touch the video, this show a shared button after i press shared this open YouTube Go at this point all looks good but YouTube Go show: please login in your google account and when i try to do it, same error: this device was sinchronized with another account. tutorial link

> > > 2nd method: same like 1st but in this case, i search delete or disable apps android in section tutorial link i open the result, i click in the first link, this shows me a settings apps, i down and open youtube settings, click in first option, this open new screen, click in last option this try to open youtube but this close and show error that youtube go has stopped.

> > > 3rd method: in google account long press in @ key but this not shows me a settings option.

> > > 4th method: like first method but using TalkBack tutorial link

> > > 5th method: triyng in google account long press in word and press search in google but this no appear in the device link

# Answer
> 1 votes
rkflashtool can dump firmware off device and write single partition/offset. It is therefore capable for erase FRP partition. this documentation might help to figure out usage.

There are maybe easier methods for example talkback method which is pretty generic (check youtube)

---
Tags: frp
---


# Question
Title: Android 12 unknown system status bar symbol:Pixel 4a
I updated my Pixel 4a to Android 12 a few days ago.

Today, all of a sudden, I saw this screen like symbol on the right side of status bar, which wasn't present after updating.

It is not app related because it can be seen in also. There is nothing in the notification bar that corresponds to this symbol. Strangely, Google search didn't help. Nobody else seems to have this problem.

Any idea what this symbol means and how to get rid of it?

# Answer
Since the symbol suggested it may be screen related, I went through all screen/display options and discovered that it is related to *auto-rotate screen*. If this is *disabled* this symbol shows up!

Goggling more on this, I learnt that this is a feature available on some Pixel phones, introduced in Android 12. This uses *face detection* (that needs to be enabled). So instead of using accelerometer to determine how the phone is held, the front facing camera determines how your face is aligned and rotates screen accordingly. It seems to work well. However, none of the articles I read mentioned this icon.

Something new learnt but it still beats me how the auto detection got disabled (I never enabled it in the first place)
> 4 votes

---
Tags: notification-icons, google-pixel-4a, android-12
---


title: How do I list all apps on Android 12?

text:
# Question
Title: How do I list all apps on Android 12?
This night my Pixel 3 updated to Android 12.

Now I can't find how to list all apps. In Android 11 and previous, I used to swipe from bottom to up but now that functionality seems to have disappeared.

It seems it's easier to search for one particular app if I know the exact name, but sometimes I don't know the exact name of the app so I want to see the full list of apps and select from there.

As a workaround, I can open the Play Store and open them from there, but that's tedious as I need to use so many taps.

How can I list all my installed apps easily on Android 12?

# Answer
Thanks to beeshyams' comment, I found out that the apps list is indeed present, but the movement to get it has slightly changed.

In Android 11 and before, I usually started swiping from the actual bottom from my phone (where my home button is) all the way up. But in Android 12, this only shows the list of running apps.

In order to get the full apps list, I need to start my swipe from anywhere *but* the home button.
> 1 votes

---
Tags: android-12
---


# Question
Title: Drive letter for MTP connection under Windows
In Android 3.0, the connection to the PC as a Mass Storage Controller feature was removed.

Is there a way to access the MTP-mounted phone as a drive letter? I want standard file manager programs (e.g. Total Commander) to work.

# Answer
In theory, there is not a way to access your phone's memory card with a drive letter, because, as you said, Android now connects it as an MTP device, and not as a Mass Storage device. But, there are **two solutions**:

1. Root phone and get a "Mass Storage" enabler application that will work on your phone.
2. Without rooting phone: as long as both the computer are on the same network, run an FTP server on the phone, and access it on the computer.

There are applications like FTPUse and NetDrive that will map that FTP address to a drive letter. I used NetDrive on Windows XP, but couldn't get it to work on Windows 7 64-bits, so now I use FTPUse, and it's working fine.

So, it's not exactly the same, and it's a bit slower, but it works, and I am able to browse folders, erase files, etc, and even use applications like WinDirStat to analyze folder sizes etc.
> 12 votes

# Answer
My method is based on the answer suggesting WebDAV. It could be replicated by an FTP, Samba, or other networked file server. Essentially, you start a WebDAV server on your Android device and mount it as a network drive. Your phone's IP must be visible to the computer you want to browse the files on. Generally, this means you must be on the same local network. This solution exposes your phone's filesystem to your local network and could cause some security issues. I do not recommend it for untrusted networks.

First, get and install a WebDAV server app on your Android device. I used WebDAV Server because the interface is simple, it was the first app in my search and the price is right (free!). Start your WebDAV server app and get its address. This should be something like `http:\\198.162.1.101:8080`.

Next, open Computer in Windows Explorer. In the toolbar, under the address bar, click "Map Network Drive." Enter the address in the box labeled folder. Click finish. If the mapping fails, make sure you can ping the IP address of your phone.

Boom! Your device should now show up in Computer as the drive letter you selected (Z: by default).

References: d0bon - How do I Map a Drive Letter to my MTP or PTP Android Device?
> 7 votes

# Answer
I cannot test it myself as I have no ICS or JB device, but it might be worth a try to check the following apps, which claim to give you back UMS (as long as the kernel permits it):
> 1 votes

# Answer
You can try this plugin for TotalCommander: Windows Media Audio v2. Haven't actually tried it, as using FAR Manager instead, and for it there is own plugin PortaDev.
> 1 votes

# Answer
As far as I know, there is only a (commercial) PTP and MTP drive letter mapping solution for Microsoft Windows available:

Those drivers are not perfect, slow at times, and not free, but, I think, they do what you want.
> 1 votes

# Answer
I've created a program called AndroidDrive that detects Android devices connected by USB and creates a drive containing the Android device's internal storage. It's free and open-source and does not require rooting (though it requires USB debugging to be enabled, see below). You can download a ZIP file with the program and its dependencies here. For it to work, you also need to install Dokan (I have no association with the people who made Dokan).

For it to be able to detect and interact with your Android device, you need to enable USB debugging. To do so, follow these steps:

1. Open Settings on your Android device.
2. Go to "About phone".
3. Scroll down to the bottom and tap "Build Number" seven times until you get a message saying that you're a developer.
4. Go back to the main settings screen, then go to System \> Advanced \> Developer Settings and enable USB debugging.

When AndroidDrive is running, it will automatically detect any Android devices that are connected by USB with USB debugging enabled, and create a drive for each of those devices. Here is a screenshot:

If you're interested in the source code, you can find it here. If you find a bug, you can report it here.
> 1 votes

# Answer
You can try to install a WebDAV server to the android device, then mount the WebDAV server as a drive on Windows 7. Here is a free WebDAV server from Google Play (Of course, there are many other WebDAV servers in Google Play). And the steps to mount the WebDAV server as a drive on Windows 7.
> 0 votes

# Answer
TotalAndDroid 4.0 \- this plugin for Total Commander does not give you a drive letter, but besides this - does the job. You can see all files of your Android device on the TC panel and do all regular operations.
> 0 votes

# Answer
I have an Android device ASUS Zenfone and I can view my devices through Total Commander. Here is how I did this:

1. In Explorer, I right-clicked the MTP device and then choose Create shortcut.
2. From Total Commander, I open the shortcut and I can explore my device.

Hope it helps.
> 0 votes

# Answer
You can simply use TeamViewer to connect your phone and your PC. This way you can access all the features of your phone on your PC. Then, use any FTP server to send and receive files. In this way, you do not need to switch between your phone and PC while sharing files.
> -1 votes

---
Tags: usb, windows, mtp, disk-drive
---


# Question
Title: How to change user agent sent by firefox?
I'd like to change user agent in firefox runnig on android, but there is no add-on for this, and no about:config. What can I do?

# Answer
> 0 votes
You could install an older version of firefox from before the removal of "about:config". I've gone for "firefox nightly", which also has it.

# Answer
> -1 votes
The User-Agent Switcher here says that it supports Android. Second link on a web search.

---
Tags: firefox-for-android
---


# Question
Title: Possible to remap `Esc` key to `Caps Lock` on a bluetooth keyboard
Samsung Galaxy Note 9 with any old bluetooth keyboard. How do I remap the `Esc` key to `Caps Lock`? And remap the `Caps Lock` key to `Esc`. Swap them basically.

I need this to make it easier to use Vim on Android. I prefer not to root.

# Answer
> 2 votes
In Android 4.0 you could do this easy, you would need root permissions though. You most likely still can with root. Just checked can do easy with root. /System/usr/keylayout there are a couple files in there with keyboard layouts that you can edit with root permission. You can veiw but not edit in fx file manager, there are other files that control the same types of things in there.

# Answer
> 2 votes
It's totally possible without rooting. Check out ExKeyMo (I'm the developer). It has an example with `Esc<->Caps` mapping. If you need more than one layout take a look at custom-keyboard-layout (I'm the developer).

UPDATE:

ExKeyMo web app is not available on Heroku anymore. You'll have to run it locally. See the project's page on GitHub.

---
Tags: samsung, keyboard, terminal, external-keyboard
---


# Question
Title: How can I copy my MIUI settings-based backup to my PC?
I'm using a Mi 9 SE with MIUI Global 12.5.1.

I've just performed a backup using MIUI's Settings backup mechanism (accessible via Settings \> Additional Settings \> Backup & Restore); and I see my backup in the "Manage Backps" screen accessible from the hex-nut settings menu.

But - I want to copy these backup files off my phone. Where are the files located?

# Answer
Well, the files are within the (Internal Storage) space, under path: MIUI/backup/AllBackup/YYYYMMDD\_HHmmNN, where Y is year, M is month, D is day of month, H is hour (24H), m is minutes, and I don't know what N is. Perhaps seconds.

You can easily copy the file, but I've not verified you can them simply copy them to another phone (or to your phone after a reset etc.) and perform a restoration.
> 1 votes

---
Tags: backup, file-system, miui, mi, xiaomi-mi9
---


# Question
Title: Is there a way to stream all audio from PC to Android via USB?
My headphones socket on my laptop is busted, and I'm wondering if I can stream all the audio (every sound the PC makes) from my laptop to my Android, so I can use the headphones connected to the phone.

It has to be by USB/Firewire, as my laptop doesn't have Bluetooth...

# Answer
> 4 votes
You would better off getting a pair of USB headphones than streaming it to your phone.

# Answer
> 4 votes
I've made an app called AudioRelay which allows you to do that.
It's mainly used over Wifi but you can use your phone's **USB tethering** option to create a USB connection.

* First, download and start the server on your PC
* Launch the app on your phone
* Enable USB tethering (there's a shortcut inside the app)
* Click on the new server entry to start streaming!

You can check this video (2:25) to see the feature in action :)

# Answer
> 0 votes
This video may help. It is through Wifi. If you have connected through USB or something else, you can play media files through your handset. There are apps for that. But, since you are asking for every computer sound, guess, you can do that only through WiFi. Hope that Youtube video helps! Thanks! Vote, if you find this helpful. :-)

# Answer
> 0 votes
I've not found a good solution for this to work over USB, but I have gotten it to work over wifi as well, with a much cheaper (free, or $3.99 if you want network compression) option with SoundWire than the Airfoil solution in Mannii88's video.

# Answer
> 0 votes
You can use SoundIt to stream audio from your computer to any other device easily, it's designed specifically for that.

It also lets you control the stream audio volume remotely.

Disclaimer: I'm the developer of SoundIt.

# Answer
> 0 votes
I had the same problem. Found newer solution. It is quite difficult(I really mean it) to install but it is very powerful:

* It has very high quality of audio (I'm not sure, but it either lossless or very close to it).
* And it has really low latency (I can't properly test it since my smartphone bugged and has 200-300ms latency even on wired headphones)
* Uses only USB connection. It uses lower level USB protocols instead of usual network protocols.
* Currently only supports mono or stereo mode.

---
Tags: usb, audio
---


title: Email won't stay deleted

text:
# Question
Title: Email won't stay deleted
I mostly use my computer for email, but obviously when I'm on the go it's good to have my email accessible at all times. That's what the email app is for, right?

So I have it set up to download emails, but to never delete them from the server. Essentially this is the same as I have on my laptop. Only my main computer is set to delete emails from the server when I delete them from my inbox.

The point is, while this works fine on my laptop, my phone will keep downloading the same emails, even when I hit the "Delete" button to remove them from my phone's inbox. Strangely, though, it will only do this a few hours after they were deleted (the mailbox is set to update every 15 minutes), and usually only when I receive a new email or two.

In other words, when I get a new email, the phone will start downloading some old emails seemingly at random.

What gives, and how do I fix it?

# Answer
> 2 votes
There are multiple approaches to this problem. The first an most effective is to switch from POP3 (which I assume from your question you are using) to IMAP, where mail is handled on the server instead of client-side -- so you can delete a message when you decide to delete it (and not when client X is retrieving it, as handled by POP3).

Second might be trying a different mail client (again, I do not know what you are currently using). For Android, I'd recommend K-9 Mail -- which is capable of handling POP3 as well as IMAP, and even Exchange (the latter via WebDAV).

# Answer
> 0 votes
I use a Samsung Galaxy SIII and Outlook and have had the same problem. My approach (at Godaddy's suggestion) was to change the Advanced settings in Outlook email account settings (in the Outlook Tools menu) so that email is left on the server even after delivery (one check box) but deleted after so many days (another check box) and/or deleted after the email is deleted from Trash (a third check box). Then I make sure to delete my trash on the phone after I have downloaded whatever I want to save on my computer copy of Outlook.

# Answer
> 0 votes
I think i have the solution to the problem. When setting up your email untick the push notification you then get a manual button, from there you can manually input incoming and outgoing settings. In the incoming settings there is a delete email from server, click the WHEN I DELETE FROM INBOX. From then on you will be able to delete from your phone to the server. HTH. Now the only problem is you can't set the the sync schedule.

# Answer
> 0 votes
I just found the easiest way to solve this problem, completely by accident. Open your email app and click on settings; then click on the words "clear cache." That is it. Problem solved!

# Answer
> 0 votes
It's Gmail. It's "*bugged*". **It will delete emails correctly if you are using a Google address; but the deleted emails will reappear if you are using it with another provider.**

For example on my app the email received *@gmail.com* will be correctly deleted and never come back. While the email received *@outlook.com*, or any other provider than Google, will always reappear after deletion.

It's years that this bug is there. I and other users reported it many times. They did nothing to solve it, despite the numerous releases and updates.

So I can interpret that as a sneaky monopolistic way of Google to disadvantage the concurrence (especially with the masses of non-power users, pushing them to stick with the working account and drop the other).

Hiding themselves behind the word *bug*.

And that, together to the fact that this is the best answer, is pretty pretty sad.

# Answer
> 0 votes
I had several old folders still in my Outlook 'Deleted Items' folder. Once I deleted all of them from my 'Deleted Items' folder, the Gmail app (using Office 365 Exchange with push) correctly deleted an e-mail from both the Gmail app my Outlook Exchange account.

# Answer
> 0 votes
Me too after delete my email and less than a min later it all came back. And now I notice why. Because of ur Gmail app only can add Gmail email account in it. All ur Gmail.com email can be deleted and never come back again. The one that cannot delete is hotmail.com I add into my Gmail app.

Now the only way is remove whatever email acc that is not gmail.com account and it will be fine.

Download Hotmail app to add your Hotmail.com acc.

Don't add Hotmail or other mail acc to Gmail apps.

# Answer
> 0 votes
I had fits trying to figure this out. Make sure your setting in Gmail is on delete not archive. I changed it and they finally went away

---
Tags: email
---


# Question
Title: Identifying this bare mobile phone board
I got hold of this bare mobile phone board (didn’t come with the original cover, so no real way to confirm, only knowing it’s non-Western manufactured). Just needing to identify the model.

I’m attaching a snapshot of the backside:

Notice the K107TOZCG V8.7 (A9) & B20210625 M32 serial.

Doing a search on these serial numbers didn’t turn up anything (these agencies, huh?). Only confirming that the hardware is meant to conform to Android 9, which the board came preinstalled with, & it is an ARM32 (confirmed by it *apparently* being equipped with 4GB — to be confirmed still); as I booted the board already.

The approximate dimensions are 6.5mm x 11.5mm.

EDIT: I actually meant, 6.5cm x 11.5cm — centimeters. I meant the BOARD. Stupid, glitchy brain enabling even stupider people. No need to rig the search results to show those dimensions of the chips. Like I’ll desolder these chips to be re-used. Just buy any embedded device & you’ll get just as good capacities.

# Answer
manufacturer: **JLinksz K960 Tablet**
mainboard version: k107-mb-8.7
mainboard date: 2020 09 01

* MediaTek MT6580A Quad Core SoC
* SK Hynix H26M52208FPR 16GB eMMC\*
* Kernel 3.18.35+ (= Android 7 Nougat)

*\*eMMC manufacturer may vary on mainboard version*

source: chinaphonearena.com
> 0 votes

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Tags: hardware, mediatek
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# Question
Title: adb restore pauses indefinitely when source phone has SD card and target phone has none
I ran an adb backup like:

```
adb backup -apk -shared -all -nosystem -f /tmp/android-backup.ab

```

The backup progress screen stopped showing any progress, as did my `adb logcat | grep BackupManager`. A few minutes later, I ran an unfiltered `logcat` and found:

```
10-27 13:57:59.716  1546 30369 D BackupManagerService: Invoking agent to restore file 1/Download/some.pdf
10-27 13:57:59.733 16987 16998 W Binder  : Binder call failed.
10-27 13:57:59.733 16987 16998 W Binder  : java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: length=1; index=1
10-27 13:57:59.733 16987 16998 W Binder  :      at com.android.sharedstoragebackup.SharedStorageAgent.onRestoreFile(SharedStorageAgent.java:80)
10-27 13:57:59.733 16987 16998 W Binder  :      at android.app.backup.BackupAgent$BackupServiceBinder.doRestoreFile(BackupAgent.java:1112)
10-27 13:57:59.733 16987 16998 W Binder  :      at android.app.IBackupAgent$Stub.onTransact(IBackupAgent.java:179)
10-27 13:57:59.733 16987 16998 W Binder  :      at android.os.Binder.execTransact(Binder.java:682)
10-27 13:57:59.733 16987 16998 D SharedStorageAgent: Shared restore: [ shared : 1/Download/some.pdf]
10-27 13:57:59.734  1546  8971 V BackupManagerService: opComplete: f86aebb result=0

```

How can I change my approach so that the restore will work the next time?

# Answer
> 1 votes
I have confirmed that `some.pdf` can be found in the Downloads/ of the SD card of the source phone when connecting over MTP. I believe the `ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException` traceback is a very unclear way of saying that there is no SD card on the target phone, where `adb restore` is trying to push the file.

I want to save the shared files, but not the ones in the SD card. I don't see any flags in `adb shell bu help` to do that.

So it looks like the best solution is to remove the SD card from the source phone, if the target phone does not have an SD card installed.

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Tags: adb, restore
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# Question
Title: What is the location of recorded call files from Call Recorder?
I have Call Recorder installed and it is recording phone calls, which I can see in the application. I would like to see these files in filesystem too. Where are they?

I see location `Internal storage/CallRecordings`, but it contains only few very old recordings, no any new ones.

# Answer
> 2 votes
**tl:dr;**

Recordings are stored in `/data/user/0/com.appstar.callrecorder/files`

Your device needs to be **rooted** and by using a root file explorer you can see. If your device is **not rooted**, you can't see them.

---

**Caveats**

* I downloaded the free version of app to test and since both free and paid version of app have the same version number and updated on the same day, this answer should hold good.
* Paid version does not make mention of compatibility with Android 11 (w.r.t storage), so one more reason to assume that this answer is valid.
* I am currently on Android 12 but this answer should hold good for Android 11 since AFAIK there have been no changes in storage policy between Android 11 & Android 12.

Caveats out of the way :

* App targets Android 10 (SDK 29) which you can verify by checking app manifest using an app from Play Store.
* It has **not been updated** to target Android 11, which your device is running.
* Android 11 introduced major changes in storage ( see Storage updates in Android 11). Without getting into technical details, what this means is that Android 11 (and upwards) give you better privacy by shielding app data (*scoped storage*). App data is only available to the app using it (file explorers also cannot see it without root privileges).
* App developers can choose to temporarily opt-out of scoped storage by setting a manifest attribute as `android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true`. App manifest **does not show this attribute**, hence Android 11 scoped storage restrictions apply (you can ask the developer reasons) and therefore, you **can't see** where they are stored (without root). Likely reason why you can see only some old recordings is that these were saved in default location in Android 10 and you subsequently upgraded to Android 11.
* So, if you want to see the files you can share →save/copy to desired folder location with a file explorer that does this (as also mentioned in Shenk's answer, some file explorer apps do this, I prefer MiXplorer).

Also see

# Answer
> 1 votes
From the testing I've done, the best I can tell is that the files are stored within an internal storage used by the app.

You can save them to files by selecting them in the Inbox or Saved section and then use Share to send it to a file explorer app you have on your device. Then you can select the folder where you want to save them and then confirm.

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#### Initial answer:

I would've posted this as a comment, but I don't have enough rep at the moment here.

I noticed you tagged this with Android 11. I know that Android 11 implemented some breaking changes to how storage access for apps works (see https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11/privacy/storage), so, without being able to test this at the moment, I wonder if the app in question just hasn't updated its logic to account for this.

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Tags: file-system, android-11, call-recording
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# Question
Title: How can one increase the number of suggestions for the next words in Google Keyboard?
I wonder how one can increase the number of suggestions for the next words in Google Keyboard. By default, only three words are shown (a, the and one in the screenshot below):

I use Android 10 with Samsung Galaxy S9.

# Answer
Gboard does not have this feature, hence no setting for it. You can request Google to add this in the Android help community (Gboard does not have a dedicated forum).

Alternatively, use a keyboard that let's you do this (I am not aware of any but then I never looked for this feature)
> 1 votes

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Tags: keyboard, android-10, gboard, samsung-galaxy-s-9, productivity
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